Unit2语法(现在完成时II)导学案-2026-2027学年教科版（五四学制）英语八年级上册

Unit2 Spread the word!语法讲解与练习 语法: 现在完成时（since/for） 一、现在完成时（延续用法）核心详解 核心定义：现在完成时延续用法，表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，动作尚未结束，可搭配时间段、时间起点使用。 必备条件：必须使用延续性动词（live, study, work, stay, know, teach等）， 短暂性动词（buy, finish, die, join）不能与时间段连用。 基础结构：主语+ have/has +延续性动词过去分词+ for/since时间状语 二、since 超详细逐点讲解 1. 词义与核心用法 since 意为“自从……以来”，用于标注动作开始的时间起点，强调“从过去某个具体时间点，一直延续到现在”。 语法规则：since 后面必须接过去的时间点或一般过去时的完整句子。 2. since 两大固定搭配 ① since + 具体时间点（年份、月份、日期、时刻） ② since + 一般过去时陈述句（since从句，从句时态永远用一般过去时） 3. 标准例句 （接时间点）：People have traded goods since 2000. 自从2000年以来，人们就一直在进行商品贸易。 （接过去式句子）：He has learned foreign culture since he was ten. 他从十岁起就开始学习外国文化。 4. 高频固定句型 It has been +时间段 + since + 一般过去时句子（自从……已经多久了） 例句：It has been five years since I studied English. 我学英语已经五年了。 三、for 超详细逐点讲解 1. 词义与核心用法 for 意为“长达……”，用于标注动作持续的时间段长度，只看时长，不看开始时间。 语法规则：for 后面必须接时间段（数词+时间名词），不能接具体时间点。 2. for 常见搭配 for two days（两天）;for three years（三年）;for a long time（很久）;for ten minutes（十分钟） 3. 标准例句 （短时）：We have known each other for five years. 我们已经认识五年了。 （长时）：This culture has spread worldwide for centuries. 这种文化已经在世界范围内传播了数个世纪。 四、since & for 终极精准对比 1. 接词不同：since+时间点/过去式句子；for+时间段 2. 含义不同：since 找起点（从何时开始）；for 算时长（持续多久） 3. 时态一致：主句现在完成时，since从句固定一般过去时 4. 可互换规则：同一语境下，起点+时长可互换 例：He has lived here for 3 years. = He has lived here since 2023. 五、八年级高频易错重难点 1. 绝对禁忌：since后不能接时间段，for后不能接时间点 2. 动词禁忌：for/since延续句型，禁止使用短暂动词（buy/join/leave），必须替换为延续动词 3. 时态禁忌：since引导的从句永远用一般过去时，主句永远用现在完成时 4. 省略规则：for后接a long time等短语时，口语中可省略for，正式书写不可省略 【项练习题】 大题一、单项选择(综合Unit1知识点出题) 1. I ______ this book for two weeks. It’s very interesting. A. have read B. read C. will read 2. She ______ in this city since she was five years old. A. lives B. has lived C. lived 3. —Have you ever ______ to Beijing? —Yes, I have. A. be B. been C. gone 4. My parents ______ already ______ their dinner. A. have; finished B. has; finished C. had; finished 5. Tom ______ not ______ his homework yet. His teacher is angry. A. do; finish B. has; finished C. have; finished 6. We ______ many new friends since we came to this school. A. make B. made C. have made 7. —How long ______ you ______ this bike? —For three years. A. have; had B. do; have C. did; have 8. The film ______ for ten minutes. We are a little late. A. has been on B. began C. starts 9. I ______ never ______ such a beautiful park before. A. have; seen B. has; seen C. am; seeing 10. They ______ to the museum twice this month. A. go B. have gone C. went 11. My brother ______ English for six years, and he speaks it very well. A. learns B. learned C. has learned 12. —Has your sister finished her exam ______? —Yes, she has. A. yet B. already C. just 13. I ______ just ______ a letter to my pen pal. A. have; write B. have; written C. has; written 14. The old man ______ here for over twenty years. A. lives B. lived C. has lived 15. We ______ the Great Wall, so we want to visit it this holiday. A. have never visited B. never visit C. never visited 16. She ______ away from her hometown since 2020. A. is B. was C. has been 17. —______ you ______ your keys? —Yes, I found them ten minutes ago. A. Have; found B. Did; find C. Do; find 18. Our class ______ three basketball matches so far. A. wins B. won C. has won 19. He ______ in Shanghai for a short time, and he knows the city well. A. has stayed B. stayed C. stays 20. I ______ my notebook. I can’t find it anywhere. A. lose B. have lost C. lost 大题二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. He ________ (study) global culture for six years. 2. People ________ (spread) different cultures since ancient times. 3. We ________ (know) each other since 2019. 4. She ________ (live) abroad for ten years. 5. This language ________ (change) greatly since last century. 6. They ________ (trade) goods with foreign countries for centuries. 7. I ________ (keep) a diary about world culture since I was 12. 8. The custom ________ (exist) for a very long time. 9. We ________ (learn) English for five years. 10. He ________ (travel) around the world since he grew up. 11. Different cultures ________ (mix) together for many years. 12. She ________ (teach) foreign culture since 2020. 13. People ________ (connect) with each other globally for decades. 14. I ________ (collect) foreign coins for two years. 15. The story ________ (spread) widely since last month. 大题三、句子改写 1. He started to learn English in 2018.（改为since句型） He ________ ________ English ________ 2018. 2. They have lived here for 8 years.（改为since句型） They have lived here ________ ________ ________ ago. 3. She began to study culture when she was young.（合并since句子） She ________ ________ culture ________ she was young. 4. The tradition started centuries ago.（改为for句型） The tradition ________ ________ for centuries. 5. I joined the culture club three years ago.（改为现在完成时for句型） I ________ ________ in the culture club ________ three years. 6. He has traveled abroad since 2020.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ ________ since 2020? 7. They have traded globally for many years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have they traded globally? 8. We began to share culture in 2015.（改为since句型） We ________ ________ culture ________ 2015. 9. The language changed years ago.（改为现在完成时for句型） The language ________ ________ for many years. 10. She has worked here since she left school.（改为for句型） She has worked here ________ ________ ________. 大题四、汉译英句子翻译 1. 自从2010年以来，这种文化就开始在全球传播。（since） ___________________________________________ 2. 我们已经学习世界文化五年了。（for） ___________________________________________ 3. 自从我小时候，我就喜欢了解不同国家的风俗。（since） ___________________________________________ 4. 各国人民已经贸易往来数百年了。（for） ___________________________________________ 5. 自从他毕业，他就开始环游世界。（since） ___________________________________________ 6. 这种语言已经发展很长一段时间了。（for） ___________________________________________ 7. 自从去年夏天，她就住在国外。（since） ___________________________________________ 8. 不同的文化已经融合很多年了。（for） ___________________________________________ 9. 从我十岁起，我就收集外国邮票。（since） ___________________________________________ 10. 世界各地的人们已经交流数十年了。（for） ___________________________________________ Keys 一、单项选择 1-5：ABBAB 6-10：CAAAB 11-15：CABCA 16-20：CACAB 二、词形填空 1. has studied 2. have spread 3. have known 4. has lived 5. has changed 6. have traded 7. have kept 8. has existed 9. have learned 10. has traveled 11. have mixed 12. has taught 13. have connected 14. have collected 15. has spread 三、句子改写 1. has learned; since 2. since eight years 3. has studied; since 4. has existed 5. have been; for 6. What has he done 7. How long 8. have shared; since 9. has changed 10. for many years 四、汉译英 1. This culture has spread globally since 2010. 2. We have learned world culture for five years. 3. I have loved learning about customs of different countries since I was little. 4. People from all countries have traded with each other for centuries. 5. He has traveled around the world since he graduated. 6. This language has developed for a long time. 7. She has lived abroad since last summer. 8. Different cultures have mixed for many years. 9. I have collected foreign stamps since I was ten years old. 10. People around the world have communicated for decades. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $