核心素养提升练5 阅读理解+阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空(Word课后习题)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（北师大版）

核心素养提升练5　阅读理解+阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空 ●Ⅰ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favourite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have.  A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said, “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study’s promising results, some experts are sceptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question.　 (　)1.What does “referential understanding” refer to? A.Associating words with emotions. B.Responding actively to commands. C.Forming mental images of objects. D.Learning objects through training. (　)2.How did researchers test dogs’ brain responses? A.By using different audio tones. B.By adjusting shapes of objects. C.By matching objects with words. D.By comparing different objects. (　)3.Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A.It overestimates dogs’ cognitive abilities. B.It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C.It proves dogs know specific words very well.　 D.It provides a new insight into dogs’ evolution. (　)4.What’s the text mainly about? A.What dog owners’ belief about their pets is. B.What dogs’ response to the different objects is. C.Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D.Whether referential understanding exists in dogs. B A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says, “I enjoy eating everything—especially hotpot.” James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the operation are astonishing. “They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.” The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛) into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. The islets were also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the man’s own body and he has since stopped taking insulin. The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺). Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue. Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines. (　)5.What can we learn about the transplant from the first two paragraphs? A.It is widely adopted. B.It has bettered the woman’s condition. C.It improves the function of insulin. D.It has changed the woman’s eating preferences. (　)6.What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 4? A.To show the potential dangers of diabetes. B.To analyse the impact of stem cells transplant. C.To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant. D.To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes. (　)7.Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers” in Paragraph 5? A.To predict the effect of diabetes treatment. B.To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants. C.To present people’s attitude to islet transplants. D.To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment. (　)8.Why are the stem cells taken from the patient’s own body? A.To make the process easy. B.To relieve the patient’s pain. C.To save the patient’s money. D.To prevent transplant rejection. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) You might have heard that keeping a journal is a great way to record your thoughts and understand your emotions. Typical journaling involves only writing. 1.　　　　 And because there are so many ways to express yourself in an art journal, it’s a wonderful creative outlet for both beginners and more experienced creatives.  The focus on self-expression is where an art journal differs from a sketchbook. A sketchbook can have elements of art journaling, particularly when it comes to drawing or painting. 2.　　　  Art journaling is a way to practise self-care. It encourages you to take a little time for yourself—even if it’s just for 15 minutes a day. When you look back at what you’ve written or drawn, you can gain a valuable view into the challenges in your life. The point of creating a visual journal is not to make every page a masterpiece. 3.　　　　 Remember, it’s just for you!  Art journaling is completely customizable (可定制的) depending on your skills and interests. Many people choose to use mixed media and decorate their pages with drawing and painting materials. 4.　　　　 The most important thing when beginning your art journal, however, is selecting the right book.  5.　　　　 Size is one. If you enjoy making large drawings, for instance, then a bigger book might be best. Art journals look great when you fill the page, so whatever size you choose, make sure it combines well with the way you like to work. Another factor to think about is the type of pages in the book. Since it’s a good chance that you’ll be using mixed media, select a book whose paper can handle both drawing and painting.  A.Also, you become aware of your style. B.This way, you’ll save not only your money, but also your nerves. C.But it doesn’t have to include imagery that relates to your inner thoughts. D.Others prefer sticking with a single medium that they’re comfortable with. E.There are many considerations when it comes to picking your journal book. F.But for those who are more visually-minded, an art journal is a great alternative. G.You simply need to enjoy the act of creating something without worrying about whether it looks good. ●Ⅲ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) Many years ago, a dance between clay and fire gave rise to a tangible piece of art: porcelain (瓷器). Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain 1.　　　　　(come) into existence.  Porcelain is created by heating a mixture of china stone and kaolin clay in a kiln at 2.　　　　　　(extreme) high temperatures, typically around 1,200 degrees Celsius. The temperature plays 3.　　　　　 important role in the production of porcelain. 4.　　　　　(go) through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature rewards porcelain with 5.　　　　(great) strength, more transparency and a feast of colours.  Celadon (青瓷) produced in Longquan, Zhejiang Province, a technique passed down for more than 1,600 years, 6.　　　　　　(be) a typical example of craftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect jade-like green. It takes 72 steps 7.　　　　　　(achieve).  Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain enjoyed great 8.　　　　　　　　(popular) among royal families and upper classes in Europe, 9.　　　　 were attracted by these beautiful containers.  Porcelain began as a practical container and evolved into pieces of art. As a memory that can be felt 10.　　　　 both hands, porcelain is touchable history.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 核心素养提升练5　阅读理解+阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空 Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力,即是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像的科学研究。 1.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have.”(但科学一直难以确定,狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时,是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像,这种与语言的关系被称为指称理解,这表明它们对语言有着更深的理解,就像人类一样。)可知,referential understanding指的是前文中“狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时,在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”这一现象。故选C。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as ‘ball’ or ‘frisbee’, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not.”[研究人员播放了狗主人说出物体名称(如“球”或“飞盘”)的音频片段,然后向狗展示相应的物体或不同的物体,以观察当物体与单词匹配时,狗是否会表现出与不匹配时明显不同的大脑反应。]可知,研究人员是通过将物体与单词匹配来测试狗的大脑反应的。故选C。 3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words.”(亚利桑那州立大学的克莱夫·温恩在脸书上争论说,这项研究只证明了狗对刺激物的反应,而不是对特定单词的理解。他怀疑狗是否真正理解单词的确切含义。)可知,克莱夫·温恩认为这项研究高估了狗的认知能力,只是证明了狗对刺激物的反应,而不是对特定单词的理解。故选A。 4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,并结合第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding…”(但科学一直难以确定,狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时,是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像,这种与语言的关系被称为指称理解……)和最后一段中“However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question.”(然而,这种长期的共同居住历史是否有助于它们理解指称语言的能力仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。)可知,文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力的科学研究,即探讨狗是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像。故选D。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项使用重编程干细胞治疗糖尿病的研究,以及这种治疗方法的潜在优势。 5.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘I can eat sugar now,’ said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature.”和文章第二段“They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”可知,移植手术改善了这位女士的病情。故选B。 6.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas(胰腺).”(这些研究是少数使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的开创性试验中的一部分,糖尿病在全球影响着近5亿人。其中大多数患有2型糖尿病,即身体无法产生足够的胰岛素或利用胰岛素的能力下降。而在1型糖尿病中,免疫系统会攻击胰腺中的胰岛细胞。)可知,第四段的写作目的是强调干细胞移植的必要性。故选C。 7.B　推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue.”(胰岛移植可以治疗这种疾病,但供体不足以满足日益增长的需求,受体必须使用抗排斥药物来防止身体排斥供体组织。)可知,作者提到“供体”和“受体”是为了解释胰岛移植的缺点,即供体不足和受体必须使用抗排斥药物。故选B。 8.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.”可知,干细胞从病人自己的体内取出是为了防止移植排斥。故选D。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何将绘画和写作相结合,创造出独具个人特色的艺术日记。 1.F　前文“Typical journaling involves only writing.”表示传统日记的局限性;由下文“And because there are so many ways to express yourself in an art journal, it’s a wonderful creative outlet for both beginners and more experienced creatives.”可知,这里引出艺术日记,F项(但对于那些更注重视觉的人来说,艺术日记是一个很好的选择。)与上文构成转折,引出艺术日记的优势。故选F。 2.C　前一句“A sketchbook can have elements of art journaling, particularly when it comes to drawing or painting.”是对本段首句“The focus on self-expression is where an art journal differs from a sketchbook.”所述不同的具体的解释。C项(但它不一定包含与你内心想法相关的意象。)中的it doesn’t have to include呼应本段第一句中的an art journal differs from a sketchbook,说明了素描本和艺术日记的不同之处;C项中的inner thoughts 呼应本段第一句中的self-expression,承接上文。故选C。 3.G　设空处是对上一句“The point of creating a visual journal is not to make every page a masterpiece.”的补充说明。G项(你只需要享受创造的行为,而不必担心它是否好看。)表示创作艺术日记是为了自我的创作享受,不是为了杰出的作品。故选G。 4.D　由上一句“Many people choose to use mixed media and decorate their pages with drawing and painting materials.”可知,空处与上一句是并列关系。D项(其他人更喜欢坚持使用他们感到舒适的单一媒介。)中的others和上一句中的many people并列;D项中的a single medium 与上一句中的mixed media呼应,设空处和上一句具体说明了艺术日记可根据个人技艺和喜好量身定制,所以有承上作用。故选D。 5.E　由下文“Size is one. If you enjoy making large drawings, for instance, then a bigger book might be best. Art journals look great when you fill the page, so whatever size you choose, make sure it combines well with the way you like to work. Another factor to think about is the type of pages in the book. Since it’s a good chance that you’ll be using mixed media, select a book whose paper can handle both drawing and painting.”可知,这里主要讲选择艺术日记需要考虑的因素。E项(在挑选日记本时,有很多考虑因素。)符合语境,有总括作用,其中picking和本段最后一句中的select构成了近义词复现。故选E。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瓷器的历史与文化价值。 1.came　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语动词;根据句意可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填came。 2.extremely　考查副词。空处需填副词,修饰形容词high。故填extremely。 3.an　考查冠词。play an important role in意为“在……里发挥重要作用”。故填an。 4.Going　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少主语,应用动名词作主语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Going。 5.greater　考查形容词比较级。根据strength可知,空处需填形容词作定语;结合句意可知,此处表示“在高温下经受重塑之火的淬炼使瓷器具有更大的强度”,故用形容词比较级。故填greater。 6.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语动词;此句描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语是celadon,故谓语动词用单数。故填is。 7.to achieve　考查非谓语动词。“It takes sth to do sth.”意为“做某事需要某物。”,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to achieve。 8.popularity　考查名词。根据great可知,空处需填名词,作宾语,popularity意为“流行,普及”,是不可数名词。故填popularity。 9.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,先行词是royal families and upper classes,指人,应用关系代词who。故填who。 10.with　考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“瓷器是可以用双手触摸的记忆”,介词with表示“用……”,符合句意。故填with。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $