核心素养提升练5 阅读理解+阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空(PPT课件)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册配套课件（北师大版）

核心素养提升练5 阅读理解+阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空 1 Ⅰ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favourite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 2 called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have. A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said, “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study's promising results, some experts are sceptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs' responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有 指称理解能力，即是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的 心理图像的科学研究。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 ( )1.What does “referential understanding” refer to? A.Associating words with emotions. B.Responding actively to commands. C.Forming mental images of objects. D.Learning objects through training. [解析] 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 7 understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have.”(但科学一直难以确定， 狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物 体的心理图像，这种与语言的关系被称为指称理解，这表明它们对 语言有着更深的理解，就像人类一样。)可知，referential understanding指的是前文中“狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，在 脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”这一现象。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 ( )2.How did researchers test dogs' brain responses? A.By using different audio tones. B.By adjusting shapes of objects. C.By matching objects with words. D.By comparing different objects. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 9 [解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as ‘ball’ or ‘frisbee’, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not.”［研究人员播放了狗主人说出物体名称 (如“球”或“飞盘”)的音频片段，然后向狗展示相应的物体或不同的物 体，以观察当物体与单词匹配时，狗是否会表现出与不匹配时明显 不同的大脑反应。］可知，研究人员是通过将物体与单词匹配来测 试狗的大脑反应的。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 10 ( )3.Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A.It overestimates dogs' cognitive abilities. B.It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C.It proves dogs know specific words very well. D.It provides a new insight into dogs' evolution. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 11 [解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs' responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words.”(亚利桑那州立大学的克莱夫·温恩在 脸书上争论说，这项研究只证明了狗对刺激物的反应，而不是对特 定单词的理解。他怀疑狗是否真正理解单词的确切含义。)可知，克 莱夫·温恩认为这项研究高估了狗的认知能力，只是证明了狗对刺激 物的反应，而不是对特定单词的理解。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 12 ( )4.What's the text mainly about? A.What dog owners' belief about their pets is. B.What dogs' response to the different objects is. C.Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D.Whether referential understanding exists in dogs. [解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 13 understanding…”(但科学一直难以确定，狗和其他动物在听到物体的 名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像，这种与语言 的关系被称为指称理解……)和最后一段中“However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question.” (然而，这种长期的共同居住历史是否有助于它们理解指称语言的能 力仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。)可知，文章主要介绍了关于狗是否 具有指称理解能力的科学研究，即探讨狗是否能在听到物体名称时 在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 B A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says, “I enjoy eating everything— especially hotpot.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 15 James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the operation are astonishing. “They've greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.” The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛) into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 The islets were also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the man's own body and he has since stopped taking insulin. The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn't produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren't enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue. Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using tissue made from a person's own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项使用重编程 干细胞治疗糖尿病的研究，以及这种治疗方法的潜在优势。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 19 ( )5.What can we learn about the transplant from the first two paragraphs? A.It is widely adopted. B.It has bettered the woman's condition. C.It improves the function of insulin. D.It has changed the woman's eating preferences. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 20 [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘I can eat sugar now,’ said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature.”和文章第 二段“They've greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”可知， 移植手术改善了这位女士的病情。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 21 ( )6.What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 4? A.To show the potential dangers of diabetes. B.To analyse the impact of stem cells transplant. C.To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant. D.To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn't produce √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 22 enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas(胰腺).”(这些研究是少数使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的开创性试 验中的一部分，糖尿病在全球影响着近5亿人。其中大多数患有2型 糖尿病，即身体无法产生足够的胰岛素或利用胰岛素的能力下降。 而在1型糖尿病中，免疫系统会攻击胰腺中的胰岛细胞。)可知，第 四段的写作目的是强调干细胞移植的必要性。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 ( )7.Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers” in Paragraph 5? A.To predict the effect of diabetes treatment. B.To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants. C.To present people's attitude to islet transplants. D.To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 24 [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren't enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue.”(胰岛移植可以治疗这种疾病，但供体不足以满足日益增长的 需求，受体必须使用抗排斥药物来防止身体排斥供体组织。)可知， 作者提到“供体”和“受体”是为了解释胰岛移植的缺点，即供体不足和 受体必须使用抗排斥药物。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 25 ( )8.Why are the stem cells taken from the patient's own body? A.To make the process easy. B.To relieve the patient's pain. C.To save the patient's money. D.To prevent transplant rejection. [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By using tissue made from a person's own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.”可知，干细胞从病人自己的体内取出 是为了防止移植排斥。故选D。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 核心素养提升练 26 Ⅱ阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) You might have heard that keeping a journal is a great way to record your thoughts and understand your emotions. Typical journaling involves only writing. 1.___ And because there are so many ways to express yourself in an art journal, it's a wonderful creative outlet for both beginners and more experienced creatives. The focus on self-expression is where an art journal differs from a sketchbook. A sketchbook can have elements of art F 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 27 journaling, particularly when it comes to drawing or painting. 2.___ Art journaling is a way to practise self-care. It encourages you to take a little time for yourself—even if it's just for 15 minutes a day. When you look back at what you've written or drawn, you can gain a valuable view into the challenges in your life. The point of creating a visual journal is not to make every page a masterpiece. 3.___ Remember, it's just for you! C G 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 Art journaling is completely customizable (可定制的) depending on your skills and interests. Many people choose to use mixed media and decorate their pages with drawing and painting materials. 4.___ The most important thing when beginning your art journal, however, is selecting the right book. D 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 5.___ Size is one. If you enjoy making large drawings, for instance, then a bigger book might be best. Art journals look great when you fill the page, so whatever size you choose, make sure it combines well with the way you like to work. Another factor to think about is the type of pages in the book. Since it's a good chance that you'll be using mixed media, select a book whose paper can handle both drawing and painting. E 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 30 A.Also, you become aware of your style. B.This way, you'll save not only your money, but also your nerves. C.But it doesn't have to include imagery that relates to your inner thoughts. D.Others prefer sticking with a single medium that they're comfortable with. E.There are many considerations when it comes to picking your journal book. 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 31 F.But for those who are more visually-minded, an art journal is a great alternative. G.You simply need to enjoy the act of creating something without worrying about whether it looks good. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何将绘画和写作相结合， 创造出独具个人特色的艺术日记。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 32 1.___ F [解析] 前文“Typical journaling involves only writing.”表示传统日记 的局限性；由下文“And because there are so many ways to express yourself in an art journal, it's a wonderful creative outlet for both beginners and more experienced creatives.”可知，这里 引出艺术日记，F项(但对于那些更注重视觉的人来说，艺术日记是 一个很好的选择。)与上文构成转折，引出艺术日记的优势。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 33 2.___ C [解析] 前一句“A sketchbook can have elements of art journaling, particularly when it comes to drawing or painting.”是对本段首句 “The focus on self-expression is where an art journal differs from a sketchbook.”所述不同的具体的解释。C项(但它不一定包含 与你内心想法相关的意象。)中的it doesn't have to include呼应本 段第一句中的an art journal differs from a sketchbook，说明了素 描本和艺术日记的不同之处；C项中的inner thoughts 呼应本段第一 句中的self-expression，承接上文。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 34 3.___ G [解析] 设空处是对上一句“The point of creating a visual journal is not to make every page a masterpiece.”的补充说明。G项 (你只需要享受创造的行为，而不必担心它是否好看。)表示创作艺术 日记是为了自我的创作享受，不是为了杰出的作品。故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 35 4.___ D [解析] 由上一句“Many people choose to use mixed media and decorate their pages with drawing and painting materials.”可知， 空处与上一句是并列关系。D项(其他人更喜欢坚持使用他们感到舒 适的单一媒介。)中的others和上一句中的many people并列；D项中 的a single medium 与上一句中的mixed media呼应，设空处和上 一句具体说明了艺术日记可根据个人技艺和喜好量身定制，所以有 承上作用。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 36 5.___ E [解析] 由下文“Size is one. If you enjoy making large drawings, for instance, then a bigger book might be best. Art journals look great when you fill the page, so whatever size you choose, make sure it combines well with the way you like to work. Another factor to think about is the type of pages in the book. Since it's a good chance that you'll be using mixed media, select a book whose paper can handle both drawing and painting.”可知，这里主要讲选择艺术日记需要考虑的因素。E项 (在挑选日记本时，有很多考虑因素。)符合语境，有总括作用，其中 picking和本段最后一句中的select构成了近义词复现。故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 核心素养提升练 37 Ⅲ语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Many years ago, a dance between clay and fire gave rise to a tangible piece of art: porcelain (瓷器). Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain 1.______(come) into existence. came 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 38 Porcelain is created by heating a mixture ofchina stone and kaolin clay in a kiln at 2.__________(extreme) high temperatures, typically around 1,200 degrees Celsius. The temperature plays 3.____ important role in the production of porcelain. 4._______(go) through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature rewards porcelain with 5.________(great) strength, more transparency and a feast of colours. Celadon (青瓷) produced in Longquan, Zhejiang Province, a technique passed down for more than 1,600 years, 6.___(be) a typical example of craftsmen's pursuit of the perfect jade-like green. It takes 72 steps 7.___________(achieve). extremely an Going greater is to achieve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 39 Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain enjoyed great 8.__________(popular) among royal families and upper classes in Europe, 9._____ were attracted by these beautiful containers. Porcelain began as a practical container and evolved into pieces of art. As a memory that can be felt 10._____ both hands, porcelain is touchable history. popularity who with 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瓷器的历史与文 化价值。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 40 1.______ came [解析] 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语动词;根据句 意可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填came。 2.__________ extremely [解析] 考查副词。空处需填副词,修饰形容词high。故填extremely。 3.____ an [解析] 考查冠词。play an important role in意为“在……里发挥重 要作用”。故填an。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 41 4._______ Going [解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少主语,应用动名 词作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Going。 5.________ greater [解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据strength可知,空处需填形容词作定 语;结合句意可知,此处表示“在高温下经受重塑之火的淬炼使瓷器具 有更大的强度”,故用形容词比较级。故填greater。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 42 6.___ is [解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语 动词;此句描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语是celadon,故谓语动词 用单数。故填is。 7.___________ to achieve [解析] 考查非谓语动词。“It takes sth to do sth.”意为“做某事需要 某物。”,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to achieve。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 43 8.__________ popularity [解析] 考查名词。根据great可知,空处需填名词,作宾语,popularity意 为“流行,普及”,是不可数名词。故填popularity。 9._____ who [解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从 句,从句缺少主语,先行词是royal families and upper classes,指人,应 用关系代词who。故填who。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 44 10._____ with [解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“瓷器是可以用双手触摸的 记忆”,介词with表示“用……”,符合句意。故填with。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 核心素养提升练 45 $