Unit 1 Period Five Grammar(PPT课件)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册配套课件（北师大版）

Period Five Grammar 1 语法探究 语法归纳 课后习题 2 阅读以下有关“我和Lily的分享秘密”的小短文，感知加黑部分， 并回答其后的问题。 It was a sunny afternoon when I met my friend Lily at the coffee shop. I ①had hardly sat down when she began pouring out her troubles about her family. We ②had known each other for a while before that day, but it was the first time that Lily ③ had shared her deepest secrets with me. She told me that she ④had planned to keep those things to herself all along, but the trust between us made her change her mind. 语 法 探 究 3 【自主发现】 以上语段中，黑体部分均使用了____________；①用于 ______________句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一……就……； 刚……就……”；②动作发生在________________之前，表示“过去的 过去”；③动作用于“It was the first/second/…time that…”句型中， that从句谓语动词应使用____________；④动作有“原本打算…… (但事实上并没有……)”之意。 过去完成时 hardly…when… before that day 过去完成时 语 法 探 究 4 过去完成时 1.基本结构 (1)主动语态的基本结构: ①肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他. ②否定句:主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答:No, 主语+hadn't. ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 语 法 归 纳 5 (2)被动语态的基本结构: 主语+had (not)+been+及物动词(短语)的过去分词+其他. 2.基本用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作,通常简称为“过 去的过去”。句中常有by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until等引导的状语从句。如: The concert had already begun when I hurried there. 我匆忙到那儿的时候,音乐会已经开始了。 语 法 归 纳 6 By the end of last week, they had finished the assigned task. 到上周为止,他们已经完成了分配的任务。 (2)过去完成时表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续 到过去的另一个时间,常与for, since等词连用。如: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在公交车站等了20分钟,终于来了一辆公交车。 语 法 归 纳 7 3.过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 (1)在no sooner…than…, hardly…when…句型中,主句用过去完成时,意 为“一……就……;刚……就……”。如: We had no sooner arrived there than the meeting began. 我们刚到那儿,会议就开始了。 I had hardly returned from work when the rain poured down. 我刚下班回来,大雨就倾盆而下。 语 法 归 纳 8 【名师点津】 若把句型中的no sooner, hardly提前放在句首,主句用部分倒装,即把 助动词had提前。如: Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚开动,汽车的轮胎就瘪了。 语 法 归 纳 9 (2)在“It was the first/second/…time that…”句型中,that从句的谓语动 词用过去完成时。如: It was the first time that wehad had that scary experience. 这是我们第一次有那样可怕的经历。 (3)表示“意愿,打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 如: They had planned to see us off at the airport. 他们本打算去机场给我们送行。 语 法 归 纳 10 4.语法区别 (1)与现在完成时的区别: 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现 在产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去 的时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”, 只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。如: I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 语 法 归 纳 11 (2)与一般过去时的区别: 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时 只强调过去某一特定的时间。如: They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点前到了车站。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点到达车站。 语 法 归 纳 12 【实战演练】 Ⅰ单句填空 1.He ____________(want) to apologize for his mistake, but his pride held him back from doing so. 2.Six hundred trees __________________(plant) before last Wednesday. 3.Before I knew it, an hour ____________(pass) and it was time to move to lunch. had wanted had been planted had passed 语 法 归 纳 13 4.He ________(enter) the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 5.She brought her three friends to the party, none of whom I _________(meet) before. 6.So far nobody ____________(claim) the money discovered in the library. 7.Silk _____________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 8.I thought that the letter _______________(send) a week before. entered had met has claimed had become had been sent 语 法 归 纳 14 Ⅱ句型训练 1.No sooner __________________________________(问题被提出来) than Tom rose to his feet to answer it. 2.By the time the children wake up, their mother _____________ ______________(已经做好了早餐). had the question been put forward has already made breakfast 3.She _____________________________________________________ _______________(原本打算参观艺术博物馆), but her busy schedule never allowed her the opportunity. had planned/intended to visit/intended to have visited the art museum 语 法 归 纳 15 4.By the time he died in 2016, Ali ___________________________ ___________________________________(被公认为有史以来最伟大 的拳击手之一). had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time 5._____________________________________(他们已在南京生活了15 年) before they moved to Beijing. They had lived in Nanjing for 15 years 语 法 归 纳 16 课 后 习 题 17 Ⅰ单句填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1.The two sides made peace eventually after they __________(be) in conflict for 2 months. had been 2.It was the third time that he __________(win) the gold medal in the intense competition. had won 3.It is said that the characteristic pattern of the disease __________________(detect) by the advanced medical equipment recently. has been detected 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 18 4.Dick _________(quit) his previous job and was working as a volunteer when the journalist interviewed him. had quit 5.It is the first time that she _____________(travel) abroad, and she is both wired and nervous about the experience. has travelled 6.I ____________(hope) to meet Professor Wang and talk over the research this morning, but he was too busy to set aside time. had hoped 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 19 7.All the wooden fences around the campus _______________(tear) down by the time my nephew returned to school from home. had been torn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 8.Mary ________(work) in Beijing for 5 years, but she has never regretted moving back to Tianjin. worked 9.He ____________(rush) out of the room before I could chase after him in time. had rushed 10.The message _______________(send) before he could make any changes, leaving him worried about the outcome. had been sent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 21 Ⅱ语法+写作(每小题3分，共12分) 1.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _____________________ yet. 在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭的家里只有一部电话,而无线电话 还没有被发明出来。 hadn't been invented 2.That was the third time that ______________________ by his rival in the league match. 那已经是他第三次在联赛中被他的对手击败了。 he had been defeated 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 22 3.So far the extension of the road network ___________________ ___________________, with some villagers opening hotels and restaurants and earning more money. (boost) 到目前为止，道路网络的扩建促进了当地旅游业的发展，一些村民 开了酒店和餐馆，赚了更多的钱。 has boosted local tourism development 4.No sooner ________________________________ the lights went out, leaving the audience in the dark. 表演刚开始，灯光就熄灭了，观众们顿时陷入黑暗。 had the performance begun than 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 23 Ⅲ语篇语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and 1.____________(preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites 2.____ World Heritage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity. to preserve as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 24 Let's take the example of Ethiopia's Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the List of World Heritage in Danger, 3.____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, 4._________(couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all-important wildlife habitats. Because some species experienced a significant population decline, the future of this park 5.__________________(hang) in the balance. an coupled hung/was hanging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 25 However, in 2017, the park made history with its 6._________(remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts 7.__________________(devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. 8._________(effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy 9._______ aim is to greatly reduce removal had been devoted Effective whose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 26 the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities 10.________(great) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape. greatly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是说明文，主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚的塞米恩国家 公园曾面临威胁，在政府和民众的共同努力下，该公园得到了很好 的保护，最终被移出《濒危世界遗产名录》。 1.____________ to preserve [解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子表示“联合国教科文组织认识到它们的 非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址列为世界遗 产”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to preserve。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 28 2.____ as [解析] 考查介词。 “将……列为”是classify…as…，因此空格处是介词 as，故填as。 3.____ an [解析] 考查冠词。此处表示“越来越多的人类定居点”，an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，因此空格处用不定冠词an， 故填an。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 29 4._________ coupled [解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是had worsened，空格处用非谓 语动词，“increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years”和couple之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格 处用过去分词表被动，故填coupled。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 30 5.__________________ hung/was hanging [解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一 般过去时，空格处用过去式，此处语境下，hang的过去式是hung； 句子也可理解为“这个公园的未来当时正岌岌可危”，句子描述过去正 在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，主语future是单数名词，因此空 格处用was hanging。故填hung/was hanging。 6._________ removal [解析] 考查名词。its后跟名词，remove的名词是removal，意为“移 走，去掉”时是不可数名词，故填removal。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 31 7.__________________ had been devoted [解析] 考查动词时态。be devoted to doing是固定短语，意为“致 力于做某事”，由by then可知，句子表示在过去某个时间之前已经 完成的动作，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处用had been devoted。 故填had been devoted。 8._________ Effective [解析] 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰community- driven conservation strategies，句子表示“有效的社区驱动的保护策 略有助于防止进一步的生态损失”，空格处意为“有效的”，形容词是 effective，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Effective。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 32 9._______ whose [解析] 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，strategy和 aim之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定 语从句，故填whose。 10.________ greatly [解析] 考查副词。空格处用副词greatly修饰动词assisted，greatly意 为“极大地”。故填greatly。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 33 Ⅳ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A The message is drummed into us from childhood: forgive people who've wronged you, because it's the right thing to do. Forgiveness is a virtue, we're told—the only way for us to truly move on and heal, freed from the baggage of bearing ill will. However, I'm not buying it. Forgiving someone can indeed be a beautiful thing, but it's not always what's best for us. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 34 In fact, if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn't healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings—like anger and resentment—towards them, as if nothing happened. Actually this isn't helpful. It pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries—to say “it's OK” when for us, it isn't. While it's not a good idea to focus on negative thoughts, recognizing and processing all of that pain is an important part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 of the healing journey. And when someone doesn't make us feel seen or safe, forgiving them can actually reduce our self- esteem. A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that folks who forgave partners that didn't make them feel valued had less respect for themselves. Letting minor offences that happen now and again slide can be great for any relationship, but repeatedly forgiving bad behaviour can encourage that person to keep hurting you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 At least, that's what 2011 research by psychology professor James McNulty argues. He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them. McNulty suggests that this is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being offered a clean slate can be a kind of pass to avoid making changes. So forgiving frequent and major offences, like verbal or physical abuse, can do more harm than good. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 For me, this speaks to the core tension in the idea. Instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine, we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it, however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了原谅的必要性。 作者认为原谅确实是一件美好的事情，但这并不总是对我们是最好 的。有时原谅可能弊大于利，所以原谅别人有时要视情况而定。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 39 ( )1.What does the author think about the message in Paragraph 1? A.It's reasonable. B.It's debatable. C.It's convincing. D.It's unquestionable. [解析] 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“However, I'm not buying it. Forgiving someone can indeed be a beautiful thing, but it's not always what's best for us.”(然而，我并不买账。原谅别人确实是一 件美好的事情，但这并不总是对我们是最好的。)可知，作者认为第 一段的信息是有争议的。故选B。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 40 ( )2.How does the author develop the text? A.By making comparisons. B.By giving statistics. C.By quoting researchers' views. D.By sharing his own experiences. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 41 [解析] 推理判断题。由文章第四段中“A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that folks who forgave partners that didn't make them feel valued had less respect for themselves.”(2010年发表在《人格 与社会心理学杂志》上的一篇研究论文发现，那些原谅了没有让他 们感到有价值的伴侣的人，对自己的尊重程度更低。)和文章第五段 中“At least, that's what 2011 research by psychology professor James McNulty argues.”(至少，心理学教授詹姆斯·麦克纳尔蒂在 2011年的研究中是这么认为的。)可知，作者是引用研究者的观点来 阐述文章内容的。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 42 ( )3.What do the underlined words “a clean slate” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.A repeated offence. B.A magic medicine. C.A terrible consequence. D.A complete forgiveness. [解析] 词义猜测题。由文章第五段中“He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them.”(他发现，当伴侣更有可能 原谅这些行为时，攻击者更有可能继续犯下这些行为。)和后文“So forgiving frequent and major offences, like verbal or physical √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 43 abuse, can do more harm than good.”(因此，原谅经常发生的重 大过错，比如语言或身体虐待，弊大于利。)可知，麦克纳尔蒂认为， 面对自己行为的后果会促使人们改变自己的行为方式，而完全原谅 他们可能是一种避免做出改变的通行证，所以“a clean slate”的意思 是“完全的原谅”。a repeated offence一再冒犯；a magic medicine 一种神奇的药；a terrible consequence一个可怕的后果；a complete forgiveness完全的原谅。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 ( )4.Which can be the best title of the text? A.Forgiving is always a virtue B.Forgiving can change everything C.Forgiving others sometimes depends D.Forgiving others always seems impossible [解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其由文章第二段中“Forgiving someone can indeed be a beautiful thing, but it's not always what's best for us. In fact, if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn't healthy, trying to ‘fix’ things can do more √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 45 harm than good.”(原谅别人确实是一件美好的事情，但这并不总是 对我们是最好的。事实上，如果有人深深地伤害了你，而这段关系 不健康，试图“修复”事情可能弊大于利。)和文章最后一段“For me, this speaks to the core tension in the idea. Instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine, we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it, however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender.”(对我来说，这说明了这个想法的核心张力。 与其把宽恕当成一剂灵丹妙药，我们不如专注于认识到发生了什么， 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 并接受它，不管它对于我们来说是什么样的，而且无需对冒犯我们 的人怀有任何义务。)可知，作者认为原谅确实是一件美好的事情， 但这并不总是对我们是最好的，有时原谅可能弊大于利，所以原谅 别人有时要视情况而定。选项C“Forgiving others sometimes depends”(原谅别人有时要视情况而定)符合文意。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 B Making eye contact with a robot can be a very strange experience. Scientists even have a name for the feeling: the “mysterious valley”. Now, researchers at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) in Italy have found that it is more than just a feeling. They ran an experiment that showed how a robot's gaze (凝视) can trick people into thinking they are socially interacting with a human being. That experience can slow a person's ability to make decisions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 48 “The gaze is an extremely important social signal,” said the lead writer, Professor Agnieszka Wykowska. “The question is whether the robot's gaze will cause very similar mechanisms (机制) in the human brain as a human's gaze would.” The team asked 40 participants to play a video game of “chicken”. Each player had to decide whether to permit a car to run straight towards another car or to turn to avoid a crash. The people played against a human-like robot sitting across from them. During breaks in the game, players had to look at 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 the robot. Sometimes the robot would look back and at other times it would look away. As the interactions happened, the scientists collected data on participants' behaviour and brain activity. “Our results show the gaze of the robot had an impact on the way humans made decisions and humans' responses, so humans were much slower in making decisions in the game,” Wykowska said. Given that the robot is designed to copy the shape and appearance of people, it's not altogether surprising perhaps that its gaze can influence people's attention. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 The findings could be useful for deciding where and how human-like robots might be placed. “When we understand when and how robots change people's social behaviour, we can decide in which sort of context (环境) this is desirable and beneficial to humans and in which context something should not occur,” Wykowska said. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了机器人的眼神凝 视对人类决策的影响及研究发现。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 52 ( )5.What did the robot do when participants looked at it during breaks? A.It sat among the participants for a while. B.It made eye contact with the participants. C.It greeted the participants in a polite way. D.It had a chat with the participants. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 53 [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“During breaks in the game, players had to look at the robot. Sometimes the robot would look back and at other times it would look away.” (在游戏的间歇，玩家必须看着机器人。有时机器人会回看，有时则 会移开目光。)可知，机器人会与参与者进行眼神交流。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 54 ( )6.What is the key point of the study according to Wykowska? A.How humans can control robots. B.How robots react to humans' gaze. C.Whether robots and humans can think the same way. D.Whether robots' gaze can have the same impact as humans'. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 55 [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“‘The gaze is an extremely important social signal,’ said the lead writer, Professor Agnieszka Wykowska. ‘The question is whether the robot's gaze will cause very similar mechanisms (机制) in the human brain as a human's gaze would.’” (“凝视是一个极其重要的社会信号，”首席作者 Agnieszka Wykowska教授说。“问题是，机器人的凝视是否会在人类 大脑中引发与人类凝视相似的机制。”)可知，研究的关键点是机器人 凝视是否会对人类产生与人类凝视相同的影响。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 56 ( )7.How should the player deal with the car in the game? A.Whether it should keep away from another car. B.When it should be filled up with gas. C.What speed it should run at. D.Where it should be parked. [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each player had to decide whether to permit a car to run straight towards another car or to turn to avoid a crash. ” (每个玩家都必须决定是否让车直行朝 向另一辆车，或者转弯以避免碰撞。)可知，玩家需要决定车辆是否 应该避开另一辆车。故选A。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 57 ( )8.What do the findings intend to state? A.The working principle of human-like robots. B.The application strategy of human-like robots. C.The perfection of human-like robots' actions. D.The improvement of human-like robots' assessment. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The findings could be useful for deciding where and how human-like robots might be placed. ‘When we understand when and how robots change people's social behaviour, we can decide in which sort of √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 58 context (环境) this is desirable and beneficial to humans and in which context something should not occur,’ Wykowska said. ” (这些发现对于决定仿人机器人应放置在哪里以及如何放置很有帮助。 Wykowska说：“当我们理解机器人在何时以及如何改变人们的社会 行为时，我们就可以决定在何种情况下这种改变对人类是有利的， 而在何种情况下这种改变不应该发生。”)可推知，研究发现旨在说明 仿人机器人应用策略的问题。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 $