专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic and social effects because of their size. The findings are from an 8-year study of about 100,000 people. The people who were studied were between the age of 18 and 24 when the research began. The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is linked to height. For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms. Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms. The researchers say that more than 1,000,000 Americans are that big. The researchers found that fat young women were from wealthy families. The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6,700 a year less than other women. The study showed less severe effects on fat men. They earned an average of about $3,000 a year less than other men. Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married. 1.The passage mainly tells us ________. A. the standards of fat people B. the number of fat Americans C. fat people have fewer advantages D. how long is the study 2.From this study we know fat people in America ________. A. were respected B. earned less C. were more likely to get married D. earned more 3.The underlined word "severe" here means ________. A. economic B. social C. good D. serious 4.The researchers consider the people fat if ________. A. they eat lots of food and do less exercise B. they are fatter than others C. they are in the top of 5% of the measurement of weight D. they are in the top of the measurement in which weight is linked to height. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）At a conference on private business on Monday, a young businessman born in the 1990s caught the attention of many netizens. He is Wang Xingxing, CEO and founder of Unitree Robotics. Wang’s team developed the handkerchief-spinning robot that gained widespread popularity during this year’s Spring Festival Gala. After the conference, Wang told reporters in an interview that “AI-driven robot evolution is advancing at an unprecedented (史无前例的) pace, beyond expectations.” He believes that by the end of this year, humanoid robots will reach a new level, and by next year or the year after, they will be widely adopted in both the service and industrial sectors. Wang Xingxing explained that in the future, such robots are expected to see wider applications in industrial production and specialized environments, including firefighting and rescue operations. In 2013, while still an undergraduate, Wang Xingxing built his first quadruped robot, XDog. Two years later, he won second prize and an 80, 000-yuan award in a competition. This marked the beginning of his innovative journey. The turning point came in 2016 when Wang Xingxing’s XDog test video went popular, securing him funding to start his own company. He independently developed all systems and launched his first quadruped robot the following year. Since then, the quadruped robotic dog products of Wang Xingxing have been continuously unpated and gradually gained popularity beyond its original circle. After the handkerchief-spinning robot made an amazing appearance at the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake, on February 14th, Unitree Robotics released a dancing video of the G1 robot. The movements were smoother and more naturally connected, which made some netizens question whether it was an AI-generated video. Wang Xingxing imagines a bold future for robotics. He hopes to integrate robots into biomedical technology, imagining a world where humanoid robots can continuously produce smaller robots — down to the size of a cell. 1.What made Wang Xingxing’s team become well-known? A. His speech at the conference. B. The founding of Unitree Robotics. C. The handkerchief-spinning robot. D. The dancing video of the G1 robot. 2.What can we infer from Wang Xingxing’s words about humanoid robots? A. They will replace humans in all fields soon. B. Their development speed is slower than expected. C. They will have a wide range of applications in future. D. They are mainly used in household services now. 3.Why did some netizens question the G1 robot’s dancing video? A. The movements were too complex. B. The robot looked too strange. C. The video was too short. D. The movements seemed too perfect. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The Spring Festival Gala’s robot performance. B. Wang Xingxing’s business story and vision. C. The development of Unitree Robotics. D. The future of AI-driven robots. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西宝鸡陈仓区虢镇中学·期中）For most of us, walking is something we do automatically. It doesn’t require much effort, so many of us fail to remember the benefits of walking for health. Physical activity doesn’t need to be hard. Whether you’re regularly active or not, even a quick ten-minute daily walk can deliver a host of health benefits. But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention, but it may also bring additional health benefits. One of the most well-studied benefits of walking backwards is improving stability and balance. Walking backwards can improve how a person walks and balance for healthy adults and those with knee problems. Walking backwards causes us to take shorter, more frequent steps, leading to improve the muscles of the lower legs. But the benefits of changing direction aren’t just that—an interest in backwards movement has led researchers to discover various other benefits. While normal walking can help us maintain a healthy weight, walking backwards may be even more effective. Energy expenditure when walking backwards is almost 40 percent higher than walking at the same speed forwards, with one study showing reductions in body fat for women who completed a six-week backwards walk. Walking backwards is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. So, how can you add walking backwards into your exercise plan? When walking backwards, we’re more likely to crash into something or fall over, so in the interest of safety, it’s best to start indoors where you won’t crash into someone or outside in a flat, open area. Look over your shoulder. Keep your head and chest upright while reaching back with your big toe for each step, rolling through the foot from toe to heel. Once you become more confident walking backwards, you can begin to speed things up. 1.Why does the author mention “the benefits of walking” in the beginning ? A. To introduce the benefits of walking. B. To show people’s lack of exercise. C. To lead us to “walking backwards”. D. To tell us the importance of walking. 2.What does the underlined word “expenditure” mean ? A. Increase. B. Consumption. C. Experiment. D. Construction. 3.What does the fourth paragraph talk about? A. When is safe to walk backwards? B. Why should we walk backwards? C. How can we start walking backwards? D. What’s the weakness of walking backwards? 4.What is the best title for the passage ? A. Physical Activity Is Easy And Simple. B. Walking Backwards Is Really Good For You. C. Walking Doesn’t Require Any Special Equipment. D. Walking Ahead Challenges Our Brains and Bodies. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·青海西宁大通县第二中学·期中）China started a plan — Weight Management. It is from June 2024 to June 2027 and helps people focus on health problems. The plan has two key parts. One part is about having balanced meals. Eat different healthy foods such as fruit and vegetables, and drink some milk. Don’t eat too much fast food because it has lots of salt, fat and sugar. The other part is about doing exercise. Try to do 30 — 60 minutes of sports every day. It can make people strong and healthy. Jogging, swimming and playing basketball are all good choices. To make the plan more successful, companies, schools, and the government are working together. For example, many companies prepare healthy food for their workers for lunch. And schools in Shanghai are making students exercise for at least two hours every day. They are also giving students less homework and more free time to exercise. What’s more, the government builds sports centers in cities and towns. People can go there to exercise for free. A fit today means a brighter tomorrow! 1.Weight Management in China is a_________ plan. A. one-year B. two-year C. three-year D. four-year 2.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Doing sports. B. Drinking milk. C. Eating vegetables. D. Buying fruit. 3.What are schools in Shanghai doing for the plan? A. Building more sports centers. B. Preparing fruit and vegetables for lunch. C. Giving students more homework. D. Making students spend more time exercising. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Chinese Eating Habits. B. Weight Management in China. C. After-class Sports Activities. D. A Fight with Fast Food. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·山西晋中部分学校·期中）Many teenagers love to sleep, their curtains (窗帘) staying closed until midday — maybe because they didn’t get to bed until long after midnight the night before! That might be OK on weekends and during holidays. But what about when they need to get up for school or work? The answer may be making sure they get enough sunlight early in the day, according to a new study. Researchers in Brazil studied 35 teenagers over seven days, including five school days. Their movement, sleep and exposure (曝光) to light were monitored (监视) with tools on their wrists. The researchers recorded levels of light exposure at four different times during the day. The students also reported whether they considered themselves “early birds” or “night owls”. During the time of the study, there were between 12 and 13 hours of daylight in Brazil. The study found that teenagers who were exposed to more light during the day usually went to sleep earlier and wake up earlier. And teenagers who were exposed to brighter light — especially during the early part of the day — fell asleep about eight minutes earlier and woke up about seven minutes earlier. Unsurprisingly, the teenagers usually went to sleep later and sleep longer on days when they weren’t at school. Of course, because they were both going to sleep earlier and waking up earlier, the students exposed to more light weren’t getting much more sleep. But the researchers said it is important to know about how daytime activities can influence nighttime sleep patterns (模式). And experts say it’s not just the amount of sleep that matters, but also the quality (质量) of that sleep. However, the researchers noted that the study was not able to prove that exposure to light was the reason for the differences in the students’ sleep patterns — their sleep could also have been influenced by the different activities they did during the day. 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To draw readers’ interest. B. To lead in the topic. C. To explain a common problem. D. To set off a discussion. 2.How did the researchers collect information in the study? A. By using tools. B. By interviewing teenagers. C. By asking parents for help. D. By comparing different sleep patterns. 3.What changes might happen if teens spent more mornings outdoors? A. Their total sleep time would be less. B. They would feel less tired during the day. C. They would sleep much longer than usual. D. Their bedtime and wake-up time would become earlier. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. All teenagers naturally prefer to wake up early. B. Daytime activities may also influence teenagers’ sleep quality. C. Teenagers who sleep late on weekends will perform worse in school. D. Light exposure is the biggest factor changing teenagers’ sleep patterns. 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西宝鸡陈仓区虢镇中学·期中）Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. But unfortunately, most schools don’t have classes that teach you how to take notes. So here are some tips. Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. Don’t overdo it. Don’t go crazy taking notes. You’ll be frantic (慌乱的) if you try to write down every word that’s said in class. And if you focus too much on getting your notes right, you might miss important points. Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. Ask. Don’t be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss. If the teacher is going too fast, your classmates will also be happy to hear the information again. If you don’t want to ask in class, see your teacher afterwards. It’s much easier than wondering if you got the notes right as you study. Compare. Keep your notes handy when you’re doing your reading homework. Compare what you wrote with what the reading says — you may even want to add to your notes as you read. 1.What’s an advantage of note-taking according to the writer? A. It helps you to get good marks in tests. B. It’s a basic skill in researching a paper. C. It helps fix your mind on what the teacher says. D. It gives you a better understanding of key facts. 2.Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the passage? A. To introduce the topic of note-taking. B. To compare writing styles in different times. C. To give an example of forming good habits. D. To explain what a key fact is in a teacher’s class. 3.What is suggested in the third paragraph? A. Teachers encourage their students to be active in class. B. It’s helpful for teachers to learn from each other in styles. C. It’s not always possible to note down all information in class. D. A teacher’s style should be taken into consideration when taking notes. 4.What’s the writer’s opinion according to the passage? A. Students must try to take correct and detailed notes in class. B. Students should put down only key points while listening carefully. C. Students must not interrupt the teacher by asking questions in class. D. Students should put down as much information as possible in class. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安阎良区西飞第一中学·期中）Every one of us may have been hurt by others — either by their words or actions. The best way to deal with the problem is to “forgive and forget”. “It is well realized that learning to forgive others can have positive benefits for one’s physical and mental health,” Saima Noreen, a scientist at the University of St. Andrews, the UK, told the Huffington Post. Recently, Noreen and her research team have found one more reason that you should stick to this principle — forgiving somebody who has hurt you makes it easier for you to forget the unhappy memory, according to their new study. In the study, researchers asked volunteers to read descriptions of 40 different situations that contained bad actions such as stealing, lying and cheating. Imagining being the victims (受害者), volunteers then had to decide whether they would be able to forgive. Two weeks later, volunteers took part in a memory test. In the test, they were shown a number of words related to the situations they had read about and then were asked to remember certain ones. The results showed that people were less likely to remember the details of the unpleasant experiences if they had found forgiveness in their hearts. In contrast, if they hadn’t forgiven the mistake, they could always remember what had happened. However, forgiving someone who has hurt you is always easier said than done. So Noreen hopes that one day in the near future research will give rise to powerful therapeutic (有疗效的) tools that will enable people to “forgive and forget” more effectively (有效地). 1.What’s Saima Noreen according to the text? A. A reporter of Huffington. B. A scientist from the UK. C. A student at a university. D. A volunteer in the test. 2.What have Noreen and her team found recently? A. Forgiving helps us to forget unhappy memories. B. They have found no reason to hurt other people. C. A memory-test is necessary to help people forgive. D. An unpleasant experience can be easily forgotten. 3.What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The finding of the research. B. The advantages of the research. C. The methods used in the research. D. The background of the research. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. It’s impossible to forgive someone. B. Noreen has finished her research report. C. The therapeutic tools have been invented. D. There may be some therapeutic tools in the future. 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏银川永宁中学·期中）Do you love seeing beautiful lanterns outside? The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar (阴历) month. This year it is on Feb22, marking the end of Spring Festival celebrations. Lanterns are a big part of the festival. One story says that the bright lanterns show respect for gods. Another says that people light lanterns to celebrate the declining (消退的) darkness of winter. Watching lanterns is a great event. You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine, from animals to plants and flowers. To make this activity more fun, people paste (粘贴) riddles (谜语) on the lanterns. “Ten plus ten, still is ten, ten minus ten, again is ten.” Guess what? It is a pair of gloves. In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns, which are called Kongming lanterns. A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom, where there is a small fire source. When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes. Releasing river lights is also a way to bless for each other. Usually, the lights are in the shape of a lotus (荷花). In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals. Therefore, looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: “Anxiously, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. Suddenly I turned, and there she was in the declining light.” 1.When do people celebrate the Lantern Festival? A. On the 22nd day of the first lunar month. B. On the 15th day of the first solar month. C. On the 22nd day of February every year. D. On the 15th day of the first lunar month. 2.Which of the following statements about the Lantern Festival is TRUE? A. People paste riddles to show off their knowledge. B. Young girls were not allowed to go out on the day. C. People light lanterns to drive animals away. D. People make wishes when releasing lights. 3.How do you feel about the line from Xin Qiji? A. Sad. B. Scared. C. Romantic. D. Anxious. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. The Origin of the Lantern Festival B. River Lights on the Lantern Festival C. Celebrations of the Lantern Festival D. A day to Guess Lantern Riddles Passage 2 （25-26高一上·青海西宁第十四中学·期中）For many teens (青少年), Saturday mornings are a time to sleep in. After a busy week of waking up early, weekends offer a chance to catch up on rest. A new study finds that sleeping in on weekends — as long as it’s not for more than two additional hours — may help teens feel less anxious (焦虑的). Sleep is very important for everyone, especially teens, because it helps the brain and body work properly. However, 75% of American teens do not get the recommended (推荐) 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. School, homework, and other activities require early wake-ups, and teens usually find it difficult to fall asleep before 11 pm. In the past, research has suggested that sleeping too much on weekends could cause health problems. But no one had looked closely at how weekend sleep affects anxiety. Sojeong Kim, a researcher from the University of Oregon, decided to study this. She focused on teens aged 12 to 15, as this is when sleep problems often start. The study used data from around 1,900 teens who had filled out questionnaires about their feelings of anxiety. The results showed that teens who slept in on weekends had lower anxiety, but only if they slept for less than two additional hours. Teens who didn’t sleep in-or lost sleep on the weekend-reported higher anxiety levels. Those who slept in more than two additional hours had the most anxiety of all. Kim believes that sleeping too much on weekends can cause “social jet lag”, just like the tiredness people feel when they travel across time zones. For now, she wants teens to know there can be benefits to sleeping in on the weekend. “Getting a little more sleep on weekends might help you feel less anxious,” she says. “But sleeping too much may make things worse.” 1.What does the author want to point out in paragraph 2? A. It’s hard for teens to get enough sleep. B. Too much homework is harmful to kids. C. Most teens sleep for over eight hours. D. Adults enjoy sleeping late on workdays. 2.What were the teens in the study asked to do? A. Finish a test paper. B. Answer some questions. C. Write a diary entry. D. Go to bed early every day. 3.What did the study show about teens sleeping in over two additional hours on weekends? A. They avoided “social jet lag”. B. They felt calm in the classroom. C. They experienced higher anxiety. D. They reported a look of satisfaction. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. How Early Wake-ups Affect Teens B. The Best Time for Teens to Sleep C. How Teens End Struggles at School D. Teens’ Catch-up Sleep on Weekends Passage 3 （25-26高一上·陕西西安阎良区西飞第一中学·期中）Studies have shown that how we understand our strength is helpful to our muscles(肌肉) which might waste with disuse. When research disuse. When researchers at Ohio University examined the strength among a group of adults, who agreed to have their wrists(手腕) immobilized for a week to cause weakness, they found that only imagining having strong muscles reduced the loss in strength by 50 percent. Crum, a pioneer in this area, found in his study that having a different attitude can maximize(最大化) the benefits of all the exercise we do each day, such as housework or walking around the shops. It appears that tracking our steps through smart watches and other wearable technologies can make a difference to how we understand our fitness. The study showed people who had considered themselves as inactive, were found that they were actually completing about 7,000 steps a day and began to report improved mood, better confidence and even an increase in aerobic fitness measurements, even though they weren’t exercising more than usual. An even more unexpected fitness trick might come from our gut. It seems that having the right populations of gut bacteria(肠道菌群) makes you more likely to exercise. Last December, Christopher Thais at the University of Pennsylvania and his colleagues found that differences in gut bacterial populations appeared to play a much greater role than genetics(遗传学) when it came to running performance in mice. They chose two special bacteria as being especially important. When the mice were given these, it seemed to increase their thirst for exercise. It remains to be seen whether this works effectively in humans. We still have much to learn about whether changing microbial populations can make us fitter, says Shrushti Shah at the University of Calgary in Canada. This could be important, as many of us struggle to find the motivation to exercise. 1.What does the underlined word “immobilized” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Moved. B. Fixed. C. Straightened. D. Broken. 2.What is presented in Crum’s finding? A. Tracking steps is necessary in daily routine. B. Attitude matters to all the exercise. C. Walking around the shops amounts to 7,000 steps. D. Inactive people have trouble in completing exercise. 3.What is the function of the example in Paragraph 3? A. To further explain the research method. B. To support evidence for the research result. C. To show possible use of the research finding. D. To present a reasonable doubt about the research. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the two special bacteria in humans? A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Careful. D. Supportive. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·宁夏灵武第一中学·期中）Like many people, I’m always trying to balance tough work deadlines, cleaning the house, and the endless messages on my phone. Last month, I felt really tired all the time. When I went for a regular (常规的) health check, I found out my blood pressure was getting too high. The doctor suggested that I take a few days off to go on a vacation. Modern life is often busy, which makes many people feel stressed (有压力的). Studies show that stress is a common problem around the world. The World Health Organization says it affects millions of people everywhere. Planning a trip can be a good way to relax and feel better. Dr. Jane Smith, a psychologist from Cornell University, says, “You don’t need to travel far or stay away for long. What’s important is to step away from your routine (日常事务) and take a break. Visiting new places and trying new things can make you happy and excited.” Dr. Smith and her team carried out a study involving over 400 participants (参与者) who took short vacations. They assessed the participants’ energy levels both before and after their trips through detailed questionnaires (调查表). The results showed that 94% of the participants reported feeling more energetic after their vacations. This suggests that taking time off, even for short periods, can greatly improve one’s focus and creativity upon returning to work. “Taking a trip is important, no matter how busy life gets. It’s good for your mind and body,” Dr. Smith says. 1.What does the author want to show by telling his story? A. People seldom see a doctor. B. People get tired after a trip. C. People hardly go on a vacation. D. People suffer stress from their busy life. 2.What is important for a trip according to Dr. Smith? A. Finding a quiet city. B. Choosing a faraway place. C. Staying away for a long time. D. Stopping regular activities for a while. 3.What were participants asked to do during the study? A. Answer questions. B. Record their daily life. C. Pick their travelling places. D. Visit the hospital for checks regularly. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Modern Life Is Stressful B. What You Should Do During a Trip C. Mind and Body Can Be Freed by a Trip D. How People Balance Life and Work Passage 5 （25-26高一上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）In one high school biology class, almost four in every 10 low-income students would fail the course. But with some simple practices to reduce test anxiety (焦虑), researchers cut that number in half. Christopher Rozek is a psychologist at Stanford University. He studies how stress and other things can affect learning. Reducing test anxiety had raised test scores in several small studies, so Rozek and his team decided to test it on a larger scale. Rozek’s group wanted to know if short stress-relief (缓解压力) activities before an exam would affect a student’s grade. They tested 1,175 biology students at a large, public high school in Illinois. At this school, a little more than half of low-income students fail their biology finals. Only 6 percent of high-income students fail. They divided the students into four groups. One group spent 10 minutes free-writing about their fears. This was designed to clear the kids’ heads so that they could then focus on the exam. Another group read how the body responds to stress and how these can actually help with attention. Then they answered reading comprehension questions. Students in a third group did both of these reading and writing activities. A fourth group, called the active control group, read a passage that told them to just ignore (忽视) their worries. Afterward, the students all took their final test in biology. A total of 205 low-income students did one or both stress-relieving activities. On average, these students scored higher on the exam than their classmates in the control group. Indeed, 82 percent of them passed the class. Only 61 percent of the lower-income students in the control group passed. Whether a student read or free-wrote about managing stress, or both, seemed negligible. All methods worked equally well at helping students pass their tests. Nearly all the high-income kids passed the class whether they did the activities or not. These students may be less nervous before exams. Or they may have already learned ways to deal with the stress, Rozek says. 1.Why did Rozek’s team do the study? A. To make biology tests simpler. B. To stop students’ fear of exams. C. To test stress relief on a bigger group. D. To develop new teaching methods for biology. 2.What did the third group of students do? A. Forget their exam worries. B. Only wrote about their fears. C. Read and wrote about stress. D. Just answered reading questions. 3.What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Insignificant. B. Incorrect. C. Indirect. D. Informal. 4.What can we infer about high-income students? A. They had no test anxiety at all. B. They need more stress-relief help. C. They disliked the stress-relief tasks. D. They are less affected by test anxiety. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion (结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18. Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues. Hartshorne surveyed tens of thousands of people online. He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test. He used their answers to guess their native languages. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived? the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. It also asked how long they’d lived in an English-speaking country. Hartshorne’s group analyzed (分析) responses from 669,498 native and non-native speakers of English. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as those who had learned both English and another language from birth, the researchers found. The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why? The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17. However, they found language learning did not end at 17 and people’s English skills kept improving slightly until around age 30. This was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language, the new study found. 1.How did Hartshorne do the survey? A. He paid his friends to do it. B. He surveyed thousands of students. C. He interviewed passers-by. D. He carried out the survey online. 2.Which of the following best explains “took a nosedive” underlined in paragraph 5? A. Fell. B. Changed. C. Counted. D. Rose. 3.What do the researchers say about language learning? A. It requires few skills. B. It keeps people smarter. C. It ends at the age of 17. D. It needs more practice. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A learning guide. B. A study on language learning. C. An English speaker. D. A survey on grammar rules. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·陕西汉中西乡县第一中学·期中）Loneliness is a big problem for mental health. It can even make the risk of dying go up by 45%. But scientists found that spending time in the natural environment of the city can help people feel less lonely. This study is the first to explore how the environment can affect loneliness. The researchers used a smartphone app to collect real-time data instead of asking people to remember how they felt later. The study found that feeling crowded can make people feel 30% more lonely. But when people can see trees or hear birds, their loneliness goes down by 28%. Feeling included in a social group also reduces loneliness by 21%. When people feel included and are also in nature, the good effects get even better, going up by another 18%. The researchers suggested ways to help reduce loneliness. They said, “We should create more ways for people to feel included and spend time in nature, especially in big cities.” Spending time in nature is known to make people feel better. For example, walking in the woods can save a lot of money in mental health costs. In the UK, it saves at least £185 million a year. The study used the app to collect data from people living in cities all over the world. More than 750 people gave 16,600 assessments (评价). The study didn’t include everyone, but when the researchers looked at age, education, and jobs, they still found that nature and feeling included really help reduce loneliness. Johanna Gibbons, who was part of the research team, said, “Cities are growing fast. We need to create more places for nature in cities where people can be happy and healthy.” 1.How was the research carried out? A. By relying on people’s memory. B. By surveying 750 participants. C. By collecting data through an app. D. By doing experiments in the laboratory. 2.What did the study find about loneliness? A. Seeing trees or hearing birds can reduce loneliness. B. Feeling crowded can reduce loneliness. C. Nature makes people feel more lonely. D. Social groups increase loneliness. 3.What did the researchers suggest to help reduce loneliness? A. People should spend more time alone. B. Cities should have more nature areas. C. People should avoid social groups. D. Cities shouldn’t grow bigger. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. How to Improve Mental Health B. Nature Is Important in Cities C. The Benefits of Walking in the Woods D. Nature Helps Reduce Loneliness 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·陕西多校·期中）A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1.What can we know about having a garden? A. It depends on guides. B. It costs much money. C. It brings many benefits. D. It focuses on much skill. 2.What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Low-cost. B. Environment-friendly. C. Hand-made. D. Ready-made. 3.What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A. Their knowledge. B. Their experience. C. Their ability. D. Their energy. 4.What use does a greenhouse have? A. To take the place of a regular garden. B. To make people’s creation easier. C. To help people keep gardening habits. D. To meet people’s different needs for life. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏自治区石嘴山市平罗中学·期中）Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults. A study, which included nearly 1,400 high school students, found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures? On the one hand, people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers, may snack more, and that may influence their long-term diet quality. On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids. Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, told Reuters Health a clear relationship between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food, those who’d watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion, parents should limit and monitor TV viewing. As far as I am concerned, children should watch not more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physically active and controlling their own TV time. 1.What does the underlined word “tempt” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Help. B. Allow. C. Attract. D. Invite. 2.What do the heavy TV viewers tend to do according to the text? A. Take in high-calcium food. B. Eat more fruits. C. Eat less junk food. D. Take in fewer vegetables. 3.What suggestion does the author give the parents? A. They should behave well in front of their children. B. They should encourage their children to exercise more. C. They should stop the children from watching TV. D. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets. 4.What’s the best title for this text? A. Why Teenagers Like TV B. People Should Keep Away from TV to Keep Healthy C. Parents’ Own Habits May Influence Children Later D. Teenagers’ TV Time May Influence Their Diets Later Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西·期中）Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early. Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time. Here are some other benefits of later school start times: More time for a healthy breakfast When running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits. With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning. Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness. When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with. Better performance (表现) in study Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn. In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better. 1.According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up? A. Their low grades. B. Their empty stomachs. C. Their body’s sleep cycle. D. Their heavy homework. 2.How can sleep loss influence students’ study? A. It gives them much energy. B. It does harm to the brain. C. It saves more time for study. D. It improves their memory. 3.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain reasons for students’ stress. B. To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss. C. To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food. D. To introduce benefits of later school start times. 4.In which part of the website can you probably find this passage? A. Education. B. Fashion. C. Sports. D. Technology. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏永宁上游高级中学·期中）Youth soccer coach Pierre Hedji has set up the club DCXI to give kids in Washington, D. C. a chance to learn soccer and compete. Unlike most of the clubs, DCXI has a kind of pay-what-you-can model designed for people who spend much money on professional services. “This is the center of pay-to-play,” Kevin Salandy, a software consultant, says after a DCXI’s winning game against the once best team from the state. “There’s a lot of money in DCXI club. That’s why they have these excellent teams.” While DCXI’s pay-what-you-can model may be like what Salandy said, it has a lot of critics(批评者)who say it’s not benefiting kids or the sport as a whole. “Some families make such a pay-to-play in club soccer because they can. It’s fun for their kids, and there may be benefits that come out of it,” says Lindsey Blom, a professor of sport at Ball State University, but for the low-income(低收入)families, that may mean spending half of their yearly income. DCXI doesn’t make sure a kid will receive the best coaching all the time, either. Blom says, “People think that the more they put into their kids’ experience financially, the more successful they’re going to be and the more successful they’re going to get out of it. But the truth isn’t often to be the case.” Peter Guthrie, a youth soccer coach, says, “In some cases, people choosing DCXI believe that this is going to be the path for their kids to receive college scholarships. So they have to do well as a10-year-old in order to get what they want.” In fact, a small part of high school soccer players receive scholarships to play in college. Another problem with DCXI: inequity on school teams. Kids who can’t afford club soccer could play on their high school teams where it’s generally free. But in tryouts, they often have to compete against more experienced kids who come from families that can pay for clubs. 1.What does Salandy mean in paragraph 2? A. DCXI is faced with a lot of critics. B. DCXI was once the best. C. Money plays a key role in DCXI’s success. D. DCXI kids hardly competed. 2.How does DCXI influence low-income families according to Lindsey Blom? A. It puts too much pressure on them. B. It helps their kids go to college. C. It fails to bring fun to their kids. D. It ensures their kids receive scholarships. 3.What does the underlined word “inequity” mean in the last paragraph? A. Boredom. B. Laziness. C. Unfairness. D. Irresponsibility. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. The History of DCXI B. DCXI—Good or Bad? C. How to Choose a Club D. DCXI—out of Reach for Adults? Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山西阳泉市第一中学·期中）In Spain, children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups. The program is called ‌“bicibus” or bike bus. In Barcelona, the program started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders. This fall, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. In September, a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays: Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. Instead of riding in bike lanes (道) or on sidewalks, the bicibus takes over the entire street. The commute (通勤) of these bikers takes about 25 minutes. And with the ever-growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture, the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibus and behind it. This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel safely to school. With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibus feels like a party. ‌“The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends and we ride together,” nine-year-old Maria Pitarch says. Some parents have made the bicibus the way they get to work on Fridays. Parents are hoping that the bicibus will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. They want the city to create wider, kid-friendly bike lanes that are separate from car traffic. They point out that the bicibus also helps cut down on pollution. Recently, pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibus got a lot of attention on the social media site. Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is, and how easy it is to get started. Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses. 1.What can we learn about the bicibus? A. It has a flexible schedule. B. Its path is made known in advance. C. It takes over the whole sidewalks. D. Its safety is a concern for parents. 2.Why does the author mention Maria Pitarch in the fourth paragraph? A. To introduce more about the bike bus. B. To encourage readers to join the bike bus. C. To praise the performance of the kids. D. To show the enjoyment kids get from the program. 3.What do the parents expect the local government to do? A. Cut down on pollution. B. Focus on traffic problems. C. Build safer bike lanes for kids. D. Promote the bicibus program. 4.What is the public’s attitude toward the bus bike? A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. (宽容的) C. Cautious. (谨慎的) D. Supportive. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·青海海南藏族自治州高级中学·期中）Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to visit other countries, modern cities and ancient towns. They travel to enjoy these special places, or just to relax. It is always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, such as by meeting different people, trying different food, and listening to different music. People who live in the country like to go to big cities. They like to spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at restaurants. People who live in the city usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe in the sun. Most travellers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them. Then, perhaps years later, they can look at the photos and be reminded of the happy time they once had. People often travel by train, by boat or by car. All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages and people choose one according to their plans and the places they are going. If we travel a lot, we will see and discover a lot of things that we could never see or experience at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes. 1.What is interesting to do when people travel? A. To find the advantages and the disadvantages of travelling. B. To listen to different music and take pictures. C. To discover new things and different ways of life. D. To go to big cities and meet different people. 2.How do people usually spend a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains? A. They spend their time visiting museums and art galleries. B. They do nothing but walk and bathe in the sun. C. They do nothing but sleep outdoors. D. They go to look at shop windows and eat at restaurants. 3.Why do many travellers take pictures of everything they like? A. Because they like taking all kinds of pictures. B. Because they all take a camera with them while travelling. C. Because the pictures are beautiful to look at. D. Because the pictures can remind them of the happy time. 4.What’s the best way to study geography? A. To travel a lot and experience more. B. To meet some more people in their homes. C. To learn in books or in newspapers. D. To see and experience at home. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·青海海东第二中学·期中）Beautiful Places to Visit Humans have a special love for nature and have always been trying to discover nature. In this try, they have discovered many wonderful places across the world. Following are the places every man wants to see in their life. Glass Beach A very charming (迷人的) place in the world that should be seen once in life time is the Glass Beach in California. There are a large number of glass pieces that gathered after years of throwing garbage into the sea. All the glasses are not allowed to remove and there is a law not to remove any of the things and even the glass from its place. Glow (发光) Worm Cave It is also a very beautiful and worth-visiting place in the world. As the name suggests, it is famous due to glow worms, and it is the only one of its type in the world located in New Zealand. There is a visitor center in the cave to see its beauty. Ha Long Bay It is a worth-seeing place of the world and is located in Vietnam. The color of its water is emerald (翡翠绿) and large stones are standing at different places that make it look beautiful. There are also many boats for taking the visitors to far off places. This region is also famous for mountain hiking. Weston Maui Resort Another very beautiful place to visit in life time is the Weston Maui Resort in the American State of Hawaii. It is a very charming place to spend holidays. All the rooms in this resort have very wonderful sights that impress the visitors a lot. 1.Why do people introduce a law at Glass Beach? A. To reduce pollution. B. To attract more visitors. C. To protect visitors’ rights. D. To prevent people moving things. 2.Where can you see glow insects? A. Glass Beach. B. Glow Worm Cave. C. Ha Long Bay. D. Weston Maui Resort. 3.What do Ha Long Bay and Weston Maui Resort have in common? A. They are in the same country. B. They are famous for hiking. C. They are beautiful places to visit. D. They have green water and large stones. 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西镇安中学·期中）“I feel lonely and hopeless,” said Lisa, a bright teenager from a loving home. “It seems that nobody wants to become my friend. What’s wrong with me?” Like Lisa, many of us experience loneliness. The truth is that all people, no matter what their age or character — even the most outgoing, rich and popular — experience loneliness at least sometimes. It’s healthy and natural to want to be around people who care about us. After all, we’ve all heard “No man is an island.” That’s true. We all need others in our lives. Solomon, the wisest man who ever lived, explains that if we want friends, we must be friendly and reach out to others. But it has risks. Because we are often afraid of rejection (拒绝), many of us are unwilling to reach out to others. We take a safer way and wait for others to make friends with us. But if we want friends, we’ve got to get beyond this. If making friends is your goal as well, you need to consider taking some measures. Be willing to take the initiative (主动). If you see someone whom you would like to know, don’t wait for them to make the first move. Get close to them and begin a conversation. Let them know in a friendly way that you are interested in being friends with them. Reach out to those who are lonely. When you see someone at school sitting alone, go over and talk to them. And don’t let popularity decide whom you reach out to. You’ll often be surprised at the beautiful qualities behind a shy appearance. Ask questions. Start your first conversation by asking this possible friend what he or she likes to do or asking about their family. Be sure to ask questions that cannot be replied with “yes” or “no”. For example, don’t ask “Do you have a dog?” Instead, say “So, tell me about your pets.” Avoiding asking such questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one-word answer. 1.How does the author begin the text? A. By praising a tradition. B. By using an old saying. C. By showing Lisa’s worry. D. By sharing his sad story. 2.What stopped many people to make friends according to paragraph 3? A. Fear of being turned down. B. The distrust of friends. C. Poor communication skills. D. Little interest in social life. 3.What makes a good conversation starter according to the author? A. Talking about yourself first. B. Using simple yes/ no questions. C. Asking open-ended questions. D. Giving comments on appearance. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. A Path to Friendship. B. The Pain of Loneliness. C. How to Ask Questions. D. How to Turn Shy Into Popularity. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安铁一中滨河高级中学·期中）Would you hang out with R2-D2 if you got the chance? In the Star Wars movies, droids appear to form meaningful friendships with people. In real life, however, robots can’t actually care about anyone or anything--at least, not yet. Today’s robots can’t feel emotions. They also have no self-awareness. But that doesn’t mean they can’t act friendly in ways that help and support people. Relating to robots can have its benefits. Other people won’t always be available when someone needs to talk or get a hug. The COVID-19 pandemic taught us all how difficult it can be when it’s not safe to spend time in person with our loved ones. Although not ideal companions, social robots might be better than no one. Robots also can’t understand what people are saying or going through, so they can’t empathize. But they don’t really have to. Most people talk to their pets even though these animals don’t understand the words. The fact that an animal can react with a purr or a wagging tail is often enough to help someone feel a bit less lonely. Robots can serve a similar purpose. Similarly, robot hugs will never feel the same as actually hugging a loved one. However, mechanical hugs do have some upsides. Asking for a hug from someone, especially someone who is not a very close friend or family member, may feel scary or awkward. “A robot, however, is just there to help you for whatever you need,” says Block, a roboticist who built a machine that gives hugs. “It can’t care about you, but it also can’t judge or reject you.” Perhaps someday, someone will build a true R2-D2. Until then, social robots offer a new and interesting type of relationship. “Robots could be like friends,” says Robillard, a neuroscientist and expert in brain-health technology, “but also like a toy--and like a tool.” 1.What does the author think of a social robot according to Paragraph 2? A. It is a perfect friend. B. It is an interesting toy. C. It does more harm than good. D. It is better than nothing. 2.Why does the author mention pets in Paragraph 3? A. To prove robots can understand people. B. To show robots can perform a social function. C. To show robots are smarter than animals. D. To prove robots react to people’s needs. 3.What’s Block’s attitude towards robots? A. Confused. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Ambiguous. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. Do Robots Have Emotions? B. Are Robots Our Toys or Tools? C. Can Robots Be Our Friends? D. Do Robots Have Self-awareness? 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西西安高新第一中学·期中）The idea that too much screen time and digital dependence might harm our cognitive abilities — often called “digital dementia (痴呆)” — has been debated since psychiatrist Manfred Spitzer coined the term in 2012. Critics argue that outsourcing memory (like relying on smartphones for contact details) and passive media consumption, such as endless scrolling, could weaken mental sharpness. But is this really true, especially for older adults who have witnessed the digital revolution firsthand? A major 2024 study published in Nature Human Behaviour analyzed data from over 411,000 adults aged 50 and above. Surprisingly, it found that regular use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet was associated with a 58% lower risk of cognitive decline — a stronger protective effect than even physical exercise or maintaining healthy blood pressure. This doesn’t mean technology directly prevents dementia, but it suggests that staying digitally engaged may help keep the brain active. Learning new apps, resolving tech issues, and even online socializing could function like mental workouts, strengthening cognitive resilience (恢复力). In fact, technology aids instead of harming because it offers men tal stimulation, enhances social connection, and boosts independence via problem-solving.’ While this study is a relief, not all tech use is equal in its effects. Passive activities, like binge watching TV, may not offer the same benefits as interactive tasks, such as video calls or online learning. Additionally, too much screen time in younger people has been linked to attention problems and poor sleep — which could have long-term effects. As AI and brain-computer interfaces advance, older adults may gain even more tools to support cognition, from memory aids to virtual social companions. However, balance remains key. The best approach? Use technology actively — learn, connect, and problem-solve — rather than just consume. For now, older adults shouldn’t fear “digital dementia.” Instead, thoughtful tech use might be one of the best ways to keep their minds sharp in the digital age. 1.What does the 2024 study reveal about “digital dementia” compared with the popular idea? A. It draws a contrary conclusion. B. It agrees with Manfred Spitzer’ theory. C. It only occurs in older adults. D. It equals the effect of physical workouts. 2.Why can active digital use reduce the risk of cognitive decline? A. It can prolong our life. B. It can activate our brain. C. It can solve tricky issues. D. It can enhance our ability. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Reliability of the new study. B. Negative effects on the young. C. Downsides of passive tech use. D. Contrast between two tech uses. 4.What does the author suggest the elderly do in the last two paragraphs? A. Relieve their fear quickly. B. Get more tools to sharpen cognition. C. Consume technology simply. D. Make considered use of modern tech. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安西光中学·期中）Have you ever talked about a product with a friend, and then seen an advertisement for it on your phone? This might feel like your phone is listening to you, but the truth is usually less mysterious and more about data. Apps and websites use tiny pieces of code called “cookies” to track your online activity. When you visit a website, cookies are stored on your browser. They remember your login information, what you clicked on, and how long you stayed on a page. This data helps websites remember you and your preferences. Another major tool is your search history. The words you type into search engines like Google paint a detailed picture of your interests, worries, and plans. If you search for “best running shoes,” it’s a strong signal that you might be interested in buying some. Furthermore, apps collect information about your device, location, and even how you interact with them — like which videos you watch until the end. All this data is collected and analyzed by algorithms. These algorithms can then predict what you might like or need next, and show you relevant advertisements. So, while it might seem like magic, it’s really just a complex process of data collection and analysis. Being aware of this can help you make smarter choices about your privacy online. 1.What is the main purpose of cookies according to the text? A. To make phones run faster. B. To track and remember user’s online activity. C. To prevent viruses from attacking devices. D. To improve the quality of advertisements. 2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Apps. B. Phones. C. Cookies. D. Websites. 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as data collected by apps? A. Your search history. B. Your location information. C. Your private messages. D. Your interaction with the app. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text? A. To warn people not to use smartphones. B. To explain how online advertising works. C. To introduce the latest apps in technology. D. To encourage people to learn about algorithms. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山西阳泉市第一中学·期中）Novelists have different ways of describing laughter. Characters can wear a big smile, be all smiles, crack a smile, grin from ear to ear, break into a smile and so on. The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity. However, it may be wrong. A new study led by Dr. Reza Kamiloglu, provides evidence that there are just two main types of laughter: one generated when people find something funny and one that can be caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒). Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified, ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. All other forms of laughter, whether they came from viewing stand-up comedy or practical jokes, were difficult to tell apart. This suggested there was something unique about the tickling laughter. When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time. The findings made scientists reflect on the roots of laughter. After all, humans are not the only animals that can laugh and tickle. This points to the fact that laughter from tickling developed over 10 million years ago. This early sort of laughter probably developed to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations. As for other forms of laughter, they probably developed millions of years after tickling, when human brain became complex enough to understand deeper meanings. 1.What does the underlined word ‌“it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The richness of human language. B. The approach to describing laughter. C. The idea of countless kinds of laughter. D. The complexity of classifying laughter. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The contents of the videos. B. The process of the research. C. The methods of generating laughter. D. The working principle of the algorithm. 3.What can we learn from the research findings? A. Tickling laughter developed much later than others. B. Tickling laughter is unique to humans. C. Primates use tickling to build pleasant relationships. D. Humans’ laughter is far more complex than primates’. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. The Origin of Laughter: All Starts from Tickling. B. Laughter in Animals: How do Primates Build Relations? C. The Language of Laughter: How do Writers Describe Joy? D. Types of Laughter: Humans Laugh in Two Different Ways 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·宁夏银川永宁中学·期中）Everyone has “down days”. Maybe it’s because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms (症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on Adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted. Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible (灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens’ need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their mothers to take them to school. The US Department of Education says that parents should respect (尊重) and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn’t prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it’s unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is drinking alcohol and driving, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him/her that there are bad results of poor choices that come with increased freedom. 1.Why do teens’ feelings of bad days usually disappear quickly? A. Their teachers help them. B. They take some medicine. C. Their parents talk with them. D. They shift their attention. 2.What does the example in Paragraph 3 show? A. Freedom must be given at any time. B. Teens are mad about being controlled. C. Teens need both freedom and proper rules. D. Rules must be absolutely strict for teens. 3.What should parents do about their teens’ choices? A. Support their helpful hobbies. B. Tell them which college to attend. C. Cancel their extra-curricular activities. D. Get them away from singing pop songs. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. How to Be with Growing Teens. B. Causes of Teens’ Sadness. C. Teens’ Worries About Strict Rules. D. The Importance of Making Friends with Teens. 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏吴忠盐池中学·期中）Do you have anything you want to share with others? Starting a high school club can help you build a community and connect with like-minded students. Here is a step-by-step guide to get started. Step 1: Choose Your Club and Set Goals First, decide the type of club you want to create. Consider whether you are starting a new club, bringing back an old one, or making a current one bigger. Set clear and achievable goals. For example, if you want to start a chess club, you may need at least eight members to hold competitions. Knowing your goal will help you plan well. Step 2: Know Who You Want to Join Think about who might be interested in joining the club. For a math club, students who are good at STEM subjects are a natural choice, but don’t limit yourself. Students doing well in other subjects, such as history or arts, may also provide unique ideas. A clear target audience (目标群体) increases the chances of attracting members. Step 3: Recruit (招募) Members This is the most important step. You can use several methods： ·Posters: Make eye-catching posters and place them in classrooms, halls, and online. ·Announcements: Ask the school to include your club in daily announcements. ·Club Days: Set up a special place where you students can try things. Fun activities get more attention than a simple sign. ·Word of Mouth: Encourage members to invite friends. Your group can grow fast in this way. Step 4: Welcome New Members Once members join, make them feel included. Plan activities that allow everyone to join in, even beginners. Involved (参与) members are more likely to stay and help the club do well. Starting a club needs planning, creativity, and teamwork. Follow these steps, and you can build an active and growing group in your school and finally enjoy your school life. 1.Who is the text written for? A. School leaders managing club programs. B. Teachers who want to organize school events. C. High school students interested in starting a club. D. Parents who support their kids’ after-school activities. 2.Why is setting goals important for a club? A. It attracts students quickly. B. It helps with good planning. C. It makes others know about the club well. D. It allows the members to communicate easily. 3.How can clubs make sure members feel included? A. By setting a low goal. B. By making eye-catching posters. C. By encouraging them to invite friends freely. D. By organizing some beginner-friendly activities. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Do you want to feel more positive, even if you’re stressed by what’s happening around you? In fact, studies show that people who learn and practice a set of strategies to manage stress end up feeling better. Last fall, Judith Moskowitz and her team at Northwestern University opened up an online course that targets (面向) positive emotions (情感). The course teaches eight skills, such as expressing thanks, enjoying good moments, and looking for the bright side of difficult situations. People who had signed up became part of a research study and were given a survey at the beginning and end of the course, to measure their levels of worry and positive emotions. “We found that people improved on all the well-being outcomes we looked at,” says Moskowitz. And the more people stuck with the program—learning and practicing the skills — the more they improved. “They had less worry, less disappointment, fewer sleep problems, less social isolation and increases in positive emotions,” she adds. JoAnna Littau from Alaska, who signed up for the course, shared how the course helped her see the beauty in her surroundings. “I focus on the mountains, and they calm me down,” JoAnna said. She noticed small positive moments each day, which lifted her spirits. “This moment right now is good,” she said to herself, as she took in the scene, and that became a springboard to more positive feelings throughout the day. Instead of thinking too much about everything on her to-do list or the demands of work, she’s focused on what she enjoys. This focus on the positive shows the power of practicing the skills, Moskowitz says. “This fits with what we see coming out of the study,” she says, pointing to a 9% increase in positive emotions among people who took surveys at the start of the challenge and then again about 8 to 12 weeks later. 1.What does the online course focus on? A. Practicing positive thinking. B. Spending good moments with friends. C. Avoiding difficult situations. D. Sharing tips for writing skills. 2.What were people who had signed up for the course asked to do in the study? A. Give a speech. B. Attend classes daily. C. Perform an experiment. D. Complete a survey. 3.Why does the author mention JoAnna’s story? A. To discuss how to find a well-paid job. B. To explain that JoAnna’s work is demanding. C. To show the effectiveness of the course. D. To stress the importance of outdoor activities. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. Skills at managing time. B. Strategies to stay positive. C. Reasons to cut work stress. D. Lessons on losing weight. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·宁夏银川市金凤区六盘山高级中学·期中）Growing up, I washed my hair every day. I was washing my body every day, so I thought I should wash my hair daily too. Then, in my teens, a classmate with hair much thicker than mine told me shampoo (洗发剂) was terrible — it made your hair dry and fragile (易损的). “Use shampoo as little as possible,” she advised. But is shampoo actually bad for your hair? How often should one be using it? And which type of shampoo should one use? We asked experts. “I don’t believe that shampoo is bad for hair,” says YeneADamtew, a hairstylist. “Cleaning your hair is important for keeping healthy hair.” Dr Deeptej Singh says that it is true that shampoo can wash away “natural oils that protect our hair”, but there is a “happy medium”. The best solution is a Goldilocks approach: “Don’t overwash or underwash.” Generally, the range is somewhere between once a day and once a week. “Each person’s shampoo plan will depend on many factors. These include hair texture (质地), whether it’s chemically treated, activity level and weather,” says Dr Elizabeth, a hair health expert. If you have very fine or thin hair, you may need to wash more often, while those with thick hair may need to wash less often. Color-treated hair should also be washed less often, as these treatments can make the hair more fragile. Deciding when to wash your hair depends on a number of personal factors. But going too long between washes, especially for those hair with much oil, can also harm our hair. 1.How does the author introduce the topic? A. By listing the figures. B. By sharing an experience. C. By reporting an event. D. By solving the problems. 2.Which of the following best explain “a Goldilocks approach”? A. Less is more. B. The more, the better. C. Suit is the best. D. Practice makes perfect. 3.Which of the following may Dr Elizabeth agree with? A. Hair with much oil should be washed more often. B. Color-treated hair should be washed more often. C. Thin hair should be washed with less shampoo. D. Thick hair should be washed with less shampoo. 4.What will the author continue to write in the following text? A. Is Shampoo bad for your hair? B. What is the correct way to wash hair? C. How often should people wash their hair? D. What sort of shampoo should people use? Passage 4 （25-26高一上·陕西汉中西乡县第一中学·期中）If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some suggestions: there are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 1.According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A. Speaking and listening. B. Reading and writing. C. Writing and speaking. D. Reading and listening. 2.To improve your reading, when you read you should . A. look up all the new words in the dictionary B. think about what you are reading actively C. spend more time studying grammar D. copy as many words and sentences as possible 3.The author seems to agree with the view that . A. everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day B. you needn’t practice listening C. being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening D. you should take notes of whatever you are hearing 4.The passage is mainly about how to . A. choose suitable listening materials B. deal with new words in reading C. improve your grammar as quickly as possible D. become fluent in speaking and writing English Passage 5 （25-26高一上·山西阳泉市第一中学·期中）At just 19 years old, Akiša Peters teaches at the Sisseton Wahpeton Tribal College. He specializes in a language that is thousands of years old, the Dakota language, spoken by the Dakota people. “The Dakota language is the most important aspect of Dakota culture. Without it, our Dakota culture would no longer exist.” Peters claimed. “I was lucky to grow up around many first-language Dakota speakers. But now the elderly continually passed away and at the end of their lives, they just wanted to know their families would continue to have the language. One of the problems our people have is finding ways to get at-length and ongoing exposure (接触) to the language.” Aside from instructing at the college level, Peters uses social media to share videos that combine humor, culture, and basic-level conversation to help teach Dakota. In his free time, he visits Dakota elders. He also started an online group of youth to converse and share the knowledge of the language in a safe and supportive space. Akiša Peters wants to tell the youth that if they want to learn their own language, sit with their elders and learn from them. Endless vocabulary sheets could discourage them from learning. Standards created by non-speakers could also do that. “Within the next decade, I believe my colleagues, other Dakota-learning relatives and I will have children and start a new generation of Dakota. I also hope my brothers and sisters will take the path we laid out for them and continue to learn and speak Dakota. On my reservation there are numerous young people working on the comeback of the language. I’m hopeful because I’m definitely not alone.” Akiša Peters told Teenvogue. 1.Why does Akiša Peters teach the Dakota language? A. To enrich his experience. B. To record its written form. C. To prevent it dying out. D. To make it known globally. 2.What can we say about Akiša Peters according to Paragraph 3? A. Learned. B. Creative. C. Humorous. D. Cooperative. 3.What does Akiša Peters expect the young people to do? A. Deal with vocabulary sheets. B. Keep to the given standards. C. Communicate with their elders. D. Learn from their teachers. 4.Which section of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Research. B. Business. C. Fashion. D. Culture. 主题语境07 人与自然-灾害防范 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西西安西光中学·期中）This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases. The effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years. From Africa to Europe to the US to China, record temperatures and low rainfall have been causing problems. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid. The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years. Almost two-thirds of Europe is threatened (威胁) by what may be the worst drought there in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and hotter, many crops have been damaged. In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires. In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone. China is facing similar problems. It has been attacked by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%. There are no easy solutions for any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible. 1.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Problems. B. Droughts. C. The effects of the droughts. D. Earth’s rising temperatures. 2.What make farmers in California grow fewer crops? A. Wildfires. B. Food prices. C. Water limits. D. High water levels. 3.How does the author develop the text? A. By giving some examples. B. By offering some reasons. C. By answering some questions. D. By explaining some puzzles. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. The Reasons Behind Worldwide Droughts B. The Effects of Extreme Heat and Droughts C. Droughts Cause Problems Around the World D. Solutions Are Needed for Worldwide Droughts Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山西晋中部分学校·期中）The Red River Delta matters in the development of Vietnam. As the country’s second-largest rice-growing area, it produces about 15 — 20% of Vietnam’s rice and is home to 17 million people living on its 16,500 km²of land. The delta’s lifeblood is the Red River, which comes from a big catchment area (汇水区) of about 169,000 km², half of which is in China. While the river brings rich alluvium (冲积土) and water resources, floods (洪水) happen often because trees are cut and mud builds up, putting the area’s growing business in trouble, especially the capital Hanoi. To protect low-lying areas, the Vietnamese built a network of dykes (堤). Historical records show the first large-scale dyke was built in 1108 under King Ly Nhan Tong to protect Thang Long (now Hanoi). Today, the 3,000-km dyke system is crucial for flood control, with experts and volunteers watching it during the June — October flood season, when water levels can rise 4-8 metres above ground. In addition to the dyke system, upstream, multi-purpose reservoirs (多用途水库) like Hoa Binh and Thac Ba store flood water, cutting the danger downstream. These reservoirs, which also produce power, can hold up to 5.4 billion cubic metres of water. New reservoirs being built will further improve flood protection. When dykes and reservoirs can’t hold the water, floodwater goes into the Day River, which can take 5,000 m³ of water per second. Additional areas like Tam Thanh are used only in serious times. Cleaning rivers works, but costs too much to do regularly. Planting and protecting upstream forests is a long-term solution, as forests draw floodwaters and protect the environment. The Vietnamese government has increased forest cover through actions, though this takes time. 1.What has caused trouble to the Red River Delta? A. Loss of farmland. B. Human activities. C. Business slowdown. D. Poor water resources. 2.What does the underlined word “crucial” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Important. B. Huge. C. Easy. D. New. 3.What are the Hoa Binh and Thac Ba reservoirs used to do? A. Create tourist attractions. B. Produce electricity for nearby cities. C. Provide drinking water for local communities. D. Store floodwater and lower downstream risks. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The History of Dyke Building in Vietnam B. Rice Farming in Vietnam’s Red River Delta C. The Red River Delta: Flood Challenges and Solutions D. Business Growth and Environmental Problems in Hanoi 主题语境08 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Under the large thick areas of ice in Antarctica (南极洲), there are hundreds of hidden lakes that play an important role in shaping Antarctica’s cold environment. These lakes affect how glaciers (冰川) move, which in turn can affect global sea levels. Scientists have recently discovered 85 new subglacial (冰川下的) lakes using some information from the European Space Agency’s CryoSat satellite, which has been observing the area for over ten years. This discovery increases the total number of known active subglacial lakes in Antarctica to 231. The study, published in Nature Communications, is important because these lakes drain (排水) and refill repeatedly, which makes it difficult to observe what happens deep under the ice. Sally Wilson, a researcher from the University of Leeds, explained that the challenge is that these lakes are under hundreds of meters of ice. “It is hard to observe the process of filling and draining, as it can take months or years. Before this study, only 36 complete cycles of filling and draining had been observed. Now, we have observed 12 more complete fill-drain events, bringing the total to 48,” she said. Satellites have been important in this discovery. CryoSat has been observing the thickness of polar ice and measuring changes in ice sheet heights over Greenland and Antarctica for over ten years. By checking the information from CryoSat, scientists could discern changes in the ice surface caused by the filling and draining of these subglacial lakes. Understanding these changes brings new hope for studying sea level rise. Now, models used to study sea level rise do not include the effects of subglacial lakes. This new research will help improve these models by offering more information on how water moves under Antarctica’s ice. “By mapping where and when these lakes are active, we can have a better understanding of future sea level rise in advance,” said Sally. 1.What does the author point out in the first paragraph? A. Antarctica’s thick ice areas are becoming smaller. B. Global warming puts subglacial lakes in danger. C. Subglacial lakes affect Antarctica’s environment. D. Rising sea levels strike the developing countries. 2.What does the author want to do in paragraph 4? A. Come up with new ideas about subglacial lakes. B. Describe the possible problems subglacial lakes bring. C. Raise a reasonable doubt about the appearance of subglacial lakes. D. Present a further explanation for the trouble of observing subglacial lakes. 3.What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Choose. B. Discover. C. Create. D. Imagine. 4.What does Sally want to stress in the last paragraph? A. The role of Antarctica’s ice. B. The development of sea levels. C. The disadvantages of these models. D. The value of the study’s findings. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·宁夏永宁上游高级中学·期中）Anuar Abdullah has always had a special feeling for the ocean. In the 1980s, he settled in Perhentian as a diving instructor and fell in love with corals. Twice daily, he went out to sea, staying underwater for as long as his oxygen supply allowed. He learned the shapes and textures (纹理) of coral reefs long before he knew their Latin names. He studied the living conditions—the water temperature, the sunshine, the diversity(多样性) of ocean life—and saw how just one of those factors could bring about large-scale death. Abdullah spent two decades experimenting with how to grow coral reefs in the ocean. He didn’t have a degree in marine (海洋的) biology or a research lab, but he had his own ways. Almost all the materials he used to grow corals came directly from the ocean. He didn’t use steel pipes or bricks—which he couldn’t afford—instead, he gathered rocks from the seafloor, piling them so they wouldn’t be knocked down by tidal waves. While others might depend on a lab to break live coral into pieces that were in turn used for growing, he searched for broken pieces of coral in existing reefs and fixed them to the rocks using animal-friendly glue. When he needed other materials, he started by searching the beach for waste. Every day, the locals saw him on his knees examining corals in the ocean. Sometimes, he picked up a rock to which he had fixed a piece of coral several weeks earlier, and said very quietly, “My little acropora (鹿角大珊瑚), how are you doing today?” The locals whispered about how he’d spent days in the water speaking to corals as if they were people. “Everyone thought I was stupid,” said Abdullah, “But I knew I was doing the most important thing in the world.” Actually, Abdullah was right. Now, in a world rapidly losing its coral reefs to climate change and environmental damage, he has become an increasingly influential expert on how to bring them back to life. Thousands have traveled from around the world to learn from Abdullah how to grow corals, with some eventually leaving their jobs to join his projects full time. With his 700 active volunteers, he has already saved about 125 acres of coral reefs. 1.Abdullah went out to sea twice daily to ________. A. study coral reefs B. have diving training C. check his oxygen supply D. share his feelings for the sea 2.Abdullah’s way of growing corals is________. A. eco-friendly and practical B. traditional and indirect C. high-tech and affordable D. scientific and expensive 3.From the passage we know that Abdullah________. A. searched for waste to make a living B. received a degree in marine biology C. talked to everyone about coral reefs D. became an expert on coral protection 4.What can we learn from the story? A. Anyone with a dream is amazing. B. Achievement provides true pleasure. C. An individual can make a difference. D. The strong man is strongest when alone. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·陕西多校·期中）If you fill a glass of water, buy a bottle of water, or even draw water from a well, there’s a good chance you’re drinking little pieces of plastic particles — microplastics (微塑料), which are smaller than 5 millimeters in size. A growing number of studies have found these little particles in drinking water sources around the world, and scientists are now studying the possible risks that affect human health. Most microplastics are little pieces that break off from plastic bottles, food bottles, and plastic bags as they age and wear down. And some microplastics come from clothing; when we wash clothes with microplastics, microplastics fall off and end up in polluted water systems. These microplastics then make their way into rivers, lakes, oceans, and even groundwater. Scientists are still learning about how microplastics affect human health. In laboratory tests, microplastics have been shown to cause damage to liver cells (肝细胞) and the function of stomach in animals. But it’s unclear exactly how many microplastics humans take in, or what long-term effects this intake might have. “We know microplastics are in our bodies, but we don’t yet know if they’re causing harm,” said Dr. Miller, a specialist at the University of California. To address the problem of more microplastics entering into our bodies, scientists are working on better filtration (过滤) technologies. Some new water filters can catch microplastics as small as 0. 1 micrometers. Some governments recently passed some laws requiring water companies to test for microplastics and reduce their levels. However, technology and laws alone are not enough. The solution also lies in our daily choices. As Dr. Miller puts it: “We can’t undo the microplastics that are already in our water, but we can take steps to stop more from getting there. It’s a problem we can solve if we work together.” 1.What can we know about microplastics from paragraph 1? A. They are found in various water sources. B. They are mainly from underground water. C. They are proven harmful to human health. D. They are less than 5 millimeters in length. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Microplastics’ varieties. B. Microplastics’ influences. C. Microplastics’ sources. D. Microplastics’ solutions. 3.Which can best describe Dr. Miller’s view on microplastics? A. Current intake, zero danger. B. Risk known, threat controlled. C. Liver ruined, crisis incoming. D. Particles found, damage unproven. 4.What is the author’s attitude to solving the problem of microplastics? A. Challenging. B. Active. C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful. 主题语境09 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏吴忠盐池中学·期中）Ten years ago, when Kelik Suparno heard the song of a bird, he thought of money. A single bird could bring him much at a busy market. Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible. Indonesia has become the center of what experts call the Asian songbird crisis (危机). Across the country, the illegal (非法的) trade of wild birds puts at least 26 kinds of birds in danger. The crisis is worsened by the growing popularity of birdsong competitions, where owners of caged (笼中的) birds compete for prizes. These events attract thousands each year and have created a nationwide market. As a result, wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears that many birds could vanish in the near future. For centuries, keeping songbirds has been a tradition in Java. Today, up to 84 million caged birds are believed to be kept on the island. For many, birds stand for success and bring a sense of peace. In Yogyakarta, the cultural “soul” of Java, waking to the sound of a bird’s gentle call is considered a good thing. This culture, however, now stands in direct conflict(冲突) with the need to protect wildlife. Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers. Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters. 1.What does Suparno do for a living now? A. He trains nature guides. B. He focuses on bird protection. C. He holds bird competitions. D. He sells home-raised birds. 2.What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Disappear. B. Grow. C. Compete. D. Return. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The popularity of wild birds. B. The rules in the birdsong competition. C. The challenges facing the bird keepers. D. The way to stop wild birds being caught. 4.What can be known about bird protection in Indonesia? A. It remains hopeless. B. Everyone has a role to play. C. Hunters should give up traditions. D. It sets a good example to others. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·宁夏银川一中·期中）The Australian Koala Foundation says Australia has lost about 30 percent of its koalas over the past three years. The non-profit group says drought (干旱), wildfires and development projects played a part in the drop in the koala population. They are strongly advising the government to do more to protect the animal’s environment. The group guesses the koala population has dropped to less than 58,000 this year from more than 80,000 in 2018. The biggest decrease is in the state of New South Wales, where the numbers have dropped by 41 percent. Deborah Tabart leads the Australian Koala Foundation. She called the drop “quite dramatic”. Only one area in the study is thought to have more than 5,000 koalas. Some areas are believed to have as few as five or ten. Tabart said the country needs a koala protection law. She added, “What we’re concerned about is places like western New South Wales where the drought over the last ten years has just added to this effect-river systems completely dry for years, river red gum trees, which are the lifeblood of koalas, dead.” The loss in New South Wales likely sped up after large forest areas were destroyed by wildfires in late 2019 and early 2020. But some of those areas already had no koalas. Land clearing by building developers and road builders has also destroyed the koala’s environment. “I think everyone gets it, and we’ve got to change. But if those building-machines keep working, then I really fear for the koalas,” Tabart said. 1.How does the author introduce koalas’ situation in paragraph 2? A. By listing problems. B. By comparing facts. C. By presenting data. D. By analyzing reasons. 2.What does the underlined word “dramatic” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Surprising. B. Satisfying. C. Confusing. D. Relaxing. 3.Which of the following is Tabart’s advice to protect koalas? A. Increasing forest areas. B. Making protection laws. C. Improving river systems. D. Planting river red gum trees. 4.What did Tabart think of people’s action of protecting koalas? A. It was successful. B. It was promising. C. It was unchangeable. D. It was far from enough. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市第一中·期中）Unclear guidelines for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization (组织) for doctors who treat children. It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever, or when students are not well enough to attend classes. But many schools go far beyond that, offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school. Trenace has a five-year-old daughter who was sick a lot last year. The mother followed school guidelines and kept her daughter home when she had a cough, painful throat, or fever. Near the end of the year, school officials called her in to talk about why her daughter had missed so much school. “In the past, if the child didn’t have a fever, then it’s okay to send them to school,” said the mother. “But now it’s like if they have a cough, you have to keep them home. Which is it?” Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up. Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk. Students who miss school also might miss meals, socializing with other students and teachers, physical exercise, and health care services. Recently, the state of California decided to change their stay-at-home guideline for the autumn. The new guideline says children with low-level signs of sickness can come to school. Noha Aboelata, who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland, California, said the change in guidance might make a big difference. She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school. “The most important place for our kids to be is school,” she said. 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To voice worries. B. To express thanks. C. To offer a suggestion. D. To introduce the topic. 2.What can we infer about the health guidelines in each school? A. They were difficult to follow. B. They were well received. C. They troubled many parents. D. They put teachers at risk. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about missing school? A. Its lasting value. B. Its bad influence. C. Its background. D. Its common cause. 4.What does Noha Aboelata say about the new rule? A. It will play an active role. B. It will come to an end soon. C. It will make no sense to kids. D. It will leave parents surprised. 主题语$ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic and social effects because of their size. The findings are from an 8-year study of about 100,000 people. The people who were studied were between the age of 18 and 24 when the research began. The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is linked to height. For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms. Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms. The researchers say that more than 1,000,000 Americans are that big. The researchers found that fat young women were from wealthy families. The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6,700 a year less than other women. The study showed less severe effects on fat men. They earned an average of about $3,000 a year less than other men. Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married. 1.The passage mainly tells us ________. A. the standards of fat people B. the number of fat Americans C. fat people have fewer advantages D. how long is the study 2.From this study we know fat people in America ________. A. were respected B. earned less C. were more likely to get married D. earned more 3.The underlined word "severe" here means ________. A. economic B. social C. good D. serious 4.The researchers consider the people fat if ________. A. they eat lots of food and do less exercise B. they are fatter than others C. they are in the top of 5% of the measurement of weight D. they are in the top of the measurement in which weight is linked to height. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，美国的肥胖人群因其体型而遭受直接的经济和社会影响 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic and social effects because of their size.”（一项新的研究表明，美国的肥胖人群因其体型而遭受直接的经济和社会影响）由此可知，短文主要告诉我们胖人的优势更少。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6,700 a year less than other women.”（肥胖女性结婚的可能性也比其他女性低20%，她们的平均年收入也比其他女性低约6700美元）由此可知，从这项研究中我们知道美国的肥胖者挣得更少。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“They earned an average of about $3,000 a year less than other men.”（他们平均每年比其他男性少赚3000美元）由此可知，研究表明，对肥胖男性的影响不那么严重。由此可知划线词的意思是“严重的”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is linked to height.”（进行这项研究的研究人员表示，如果体重与身高相关的测量排名前5% ，他就认为这个人是胖子。）由此可知，研究人员认为，在体重与身高相关的测量中名列前茅的人是肥胖的。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）At a conference on private business on Monday, a young businessman born in the 1990s caught the attention of many netizens. He is Wang Xingxing, CEO and founder of Unitree Robotics. Wang’s team developed the handkerchief-spinning robot that gained widespread popularity during this year’s Spring Festival Gala. After the conference, Wang told reporters in an interview that “AI-driven robot evolution is advancing at an unprecedented (史无前例的) pace, beyond expectations.” He believes that by the end of this year, humanoid robots will reach a new level, and by next year or the year after, they will be widely adopted in both the service and industrial sectors. Wang Xingxing explained that in the future, such robots are expected to see wider applications in industrial production and specialized environments, including firefighting and rescue operations. In 2013, while still an undergraduate, Wang Xingxing built his first quadruped robot, XDog. Two years later, he won second prize and an 80, 000-yuan award in a competition. This marked the beginning of his innovative journey. The turning point came in 2016 when Wang Xingxing’s XDog test video went popular, securing him funding to start his own company. He independently developed all systems and launched his first quadruped robot the following year. Since then, the quadruped robotic dog products of Wang Xingxing have been continuously unpated and gradually gained popularity beyond its original circle. After the handkerchief-spinning robot made an amazing appearance at the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake, on February 14th, Unitree Robotics released a dancing video of the G1 robot. The movements were smoother and more naturally connected, which made some netizens question whether it was an AI-generated video. Wang Xingxing imagines a bold future for robotics. He hopes to integrate robots into biomedical technology, imagining a world where humanoid robots can continuously produce smaller robots — down to the size of a cell. 1.What made Wang Xingxing’s team become well-known? A. His speech at the conference. B. The founding of Unitree Robotics. C. The handkerchief-spinning robot. D. The dancing video of the G1 robot. 2.What can we infer from Wang Xingxing’s words about humanoid robots? A. They will replace humans in all fields soon. B. Their development speed is slower than expected. C. They will have a wide range of applications in future. D. They are mainly used in household services now. 3.Why did some netizens question the G1 robot’s dancing video? A. The movements were too complex. B. The robot looked too strange. C. The video was too short. D. The movements seemed too perfect. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The Spring Festival Gala’s robot performance. B. Wang Xingxing’s business story and vision. C. The development of Unitree Robotics. D. The future of AI-driven robots. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。2025年春晚超火的手绢旋转机器人，背后竟藏着一位90后传奇民营创业者——王兴兴。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He is Wang Xingxing, CEO and founder of Unitree Robotics. Wang’s team developed the handkerchief-spinning robot that gained widespread popularity during this year’s Spring Festival Gala. (他就是宇树机器人的CEO兼创始人王兴兴。王兴兴的团队研发了转手帕机器人，该机器人在今年的春晚上广受欢迎)”可知，王兴兴的团队因“转手帕机器人”而为人熟知。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“ He believes that by the end of this year, humanoid robots will reach a new level, and by next year or the year after, they will be widely adopted in both the service and industrial sectors. (他认为，到今年年底，人形机器人将达到新高度；到明年或后年，它们将在服务行业和工业领域得到广泛应用)”及第四段“Wang Xingxing explained that in the future, such robots are expected to see wider applications in industrial production and specialized environments, including firefighting and rescue operations. (王兴兴解释道，未来这类机器人有望在工业生产和特殊场景（包括消防救援）中得到更广泛的应用)”可推断，王兴兴认为人形机器人未来将有广泛的应用场景。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“on February 14th, Unitree Robotics released a dancing video of the G1 robot. The movements were smoother and more naturally connected, which made some netizens question whether it was an AI-generated video. (2月14日，宇树机器人发布了G1机器人的跳舞视频。其动作衔接更加流畅自然，这让部分网友质疑该视频是否为人工智能生成)”可知，网友质疑视频是因为G1机器人的动作“过于完美（流畅自然）”，让人难以相信是真实机器人完成的。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。第一段介绍王兴兴因团队研发的转手帕机器人受关注；第二至四段引用他对机器人发展速度及未来应用的观点；第五至六段回顾他从大学研发机器人到创办公司的历程；第七段讲述其团队机器人的后续亮眼表现；第八段介绍他对机器人未来的大胆愿景。所以短文主要是关于王王兴兴的创业故事与愿景。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西宝鸡陈仓区虢镇中学·期中）For most of us, walking is something we do automatically. It doesn’t require much effort, so many of us fail to remember the benefits of walking for health. Physical activity doesn’t need to be hard. Whether you’re regularly active or not, even a quick ten-minute daily walk can deliver a host of health benefits. But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention, but it may also bring additional health benefits. One of the most well-studied benefits of walking backwards is improving stability and balance. Walking backwards can improve how a person walks and balance for healthy adults and those with knee problems. Walking backwards causes us to take shorter, more frequent steps, leading to improve the muscles of the lower legs. But the benefits of changing direction aren’t just that—an interest in backwards movement has led researchers to discover various other benefits. While normal walking can help us maintain a healthy weight, walking backwards may be even more effective. Energy expenditure when walking backwards is almost 40 percent higher than walking at the same speed forwards, with one study showing reductions in body fat for women who completed a six-week backwards walk. Walking backwards is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. So, how can you add walking backwards into your exercise plan? When walking backwards, we’re more likely to crash into something or fall over, so in the interest of safety, it’s best to start indoors where you won’t crash into someone or outside in a flat, open area. Look over your shoulder. Keep your head and chest upright while reaching back with your big toe for each step, rolling through the foot from toe to heel. Once you become more confident walking backwards, you can begin to speed things up. 1.Why does the author mention “the benefits of walking” in the beginning ? A. To introduce the benefits of walking. B. To show people’s lack of exercise. C. To lead us to “walking backwards”. D. To tell us the importance of walking. 2.What does the underlined word “expenditure” mean ? A. Increase. B. Consumption. C. Experiment. D. Construction. 3.What does the fourth paragraph talk about? A. When is safe to walk backwards? B. Why should we walk backwards? C. How can we start walking backwards? D. What’s the weakness of walking backwards? 4.What is the best title for the passage ? A. Physical Activity Is Easy And Simple. B. Walking Backwards Is Really Good For You. C. Walking Doesn’t Require Any Special Equipment. D. Walking Ahead Challenges Our Brains and Bodies. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“For most of us, walking is something we do automatically. It doesn’t require much effort, so many of us fail to remember the benefits of walking for health.(对我们大多数人来说，走路是一件自然而然的事情。它不需要太多的努力，所以我们很多人都忘记了散步对健康的好处)”以及第二段“But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention. but it may also bring additional health benefits.(但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”可推知，作者在开头提到“步行的好处”是为了引导我们“向后走”。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“when walking backwards is almost 40 percent higher than walking at the same speed forwards”以及“with one study showing reductions in body fat for women who completed a six-week backwards walk.(研究表明完成六周倒走的女性体脂减少)”可知，倒走比以同样速度向前走消耗的能量高出近40%，故画线词意思是“消耗”故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Walking backwards is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. So, how can you add walking backwards into your exercise plan? When walking backwards, we’ re more likely to crash into something or fall over, so in the interest of safety, it’s best to start indoors where you won’t crash into someone or outside in a flat, open area. Look over your shoulder. Keep your head and chest upright while reaching back with your big toe for each step, rolling through the foot from toe to heel. Once you become more confident walking backwards, you can begin to speed things up.(倒着走很简单，但这并不意味着它很容易。那么，怎样才能把倒着走加入到你的锻炼计划中呢？倒着走的时候，我们更有可能撞到什么东西或摔倒，所以为了安全起见，最好从室内开始，这样你就不会撞到别人，或者在外面平坦开阔的地方开始。回头看看。保持头部和胸部直立，每一步都用大脚趾向后伸，从脚趾到脚跟滚动。一旦你变得更有信心倒着走，你就可以开始加快速度了)”可知，第四段讲了“我们如何开始倒走”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Physical activity doesn’t need to be hard. Whether you’re regularly active or not, even a quick ten-minute daily walk can deliver a host of health benefits. But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention. but it may also bring additional health benefits.(体育活动不需要很辛苦。无论你是否经常运动，即使是每天十分钟的快速步行也能带来许多健康益处。但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”结合文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。可知，B选项“倒着走真的对你有好处”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·青海西宁大通县第二中学·期中）China started a plan — Weight Management. It is from June 2024 to June 2027 and helps people focus on health problems. The plan has two key parts. One part is about having balanced meals. Eat different healthy foods such as fruit and vegetables, and drink some milk. Don’t eat too much fast food because it has lots of salt, fat and sugar. The other part is about doing exercise. Try to do 30 — 60 minutes of sports every day. It can make people strong and healthy. Jogging, swimming and playing basketball are all good choices. To make the plan more successful, companies, schools, and the government are working together. For example, many companies prepare healthy food for their workers for lunch. And schools in Shanghai are making students exercise for at least two hours every day. They are also giving students less homework and more free time to exercise. What’s more, the government builds sports centers in cities and towns. People can go there to exercise for free. A fit today means a brighter tomorrow! 1.Weight Management in China is a_________ plan. A. one-year B. two-year C. three-year D. four-year 2.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Doing sports. B. Drinking milk. C. Eating vegetables. D. Buying fruit. 3.What are schools in Shanghai doing for the plan? A. Building more sports centers. B. Preparing fruit and vegetables for lunch. C. Giving students more homework. D. Making students spend more time exercising. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Chinese Eating Habits. B. Weight Management in China. C. After-class Sports Activities. D. A Fight with Fast Food. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“体重管理”计划。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is from June 2024 to June 2027 and helps people focus on health problems.(该计划从2024年6月持续到2027年6月，旨在帮助人们关注健康问题)”可知，它是一个三年计划。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Try to do 30-60 minutes of sports every day. It can make people strong and healthy.(每天尽量进行30到60分钟的体育锻炼。这能让人变得强壮且健康)”可知，It代指上文中“do 30 — 60 minutes of sports every day”，即“进行体育锻炼”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“And schools in Shanghai are making students exercise for at least two hours every day. They are also giving students less homework and more free time to exercise.(上海的学校要求学生每天至少锻炼两小时。此外，学校还减少了学生的作业量，并为学生提供了更多的锻炼时间)”可知，为了推进“体重管理”计划，上海的一些学校增加了学生的锻炼时间。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“China started a plan — Weight Management. It is from June 2024 to June 2027 and helps people focus on health problems.(中国启动了一项计划——体重管理计划。该计划从2024年6月持续到2027年6月，旨在帮助人们关注健康问题)”以及全文围绕中国的“体重管理”计划展开，包括时间、内容（饮食/运动）和各方合作等。因此，最佳标题为B项“中国的体重管理”。故选B。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·山西晋中部分学校·期中）Many teenagers love to sleep, their curtains (窗帘) staying closed until midday — maybe because they didn’t get to bed until long after midnight the night before! That might be OK on weekends and during holidays. But what about when they need to get up for school or work? The answer may be making sure they get enough sunlight early in the day, according to a new study. Researchers in Brazil studied 35 teenagers over seven days, including five school days. Their movement, sleep and exposure (曝光) to light were monitored (监视) with tools on their wrists. The researchers recorded levels of light exposure at four different times during the day. The students also reported whether they considered themselves “early birds” or “night owls”. During the time of the study, there were between 12 and 13 hours of daylight in Brazil. The study found that teenagers who were exposed to more light during the day usually went to sleep earlier and wake up earlier. And teenagers who were exposed to brighter light — especially during the early part of the day — fell asleep about eight minutes earlier and woke up about seven minutes earlier. Unsurprisingly, the teenagers usually went to sleep later and sleep longer on days when they weren’t at school. Of course, because they were both going to sleep earlier and waking up earlier, the students exposed to more light weren’t getting much more sleep. But the researchers said it is important to know about how daytime activities can influence nighttime sleep patterns (模式). And experts say it’s not just the amount of sleep that matters, but also the quality (质量) of that sleep. However, the researchers noted that the study was not able to prove that exposure to light was the reason for the differences in the students’ sleep patterns — their sleep could also have been influenced by the different activities they did during the day. 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To draw readers’ interest. B. To lead in the topic. C. To explain a common problem. D. To set off a discussion. 2.How did the researchers collect information in the study? A. By using tools. B. By interviewing teenagers. C. By asking parents for help. D. By comparing different sleep patterns. 3.What changes might happen if teens spent more mornings outdoors? A. Their total sleep time would be less. B. They would feel less tired during the day. C. They would sleep much longer than usual. D. Their bedtime and wake-up time would become earlier. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. All teenagers naturally prefer to wake up early. B. Daytime activities may also influence teenagers’ sleep quality. C. Teenagers who sleep late on weekends will perform worse in school. D. Light exposure is the biggest factor changing teenagers’ sleep patterns. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了光照对青少年睡眠模式的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The answer may be making sure they get enough sunlight early in the day, according to a new study. (根据一项新的研究，答案可能是确保他们在一天中尽早获得足够的阳光。)”可推知，第一段通过提出青少年睡眠问题，进而引出光照对青少年睡眠影响这一话题，目的是引出主题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their movement, sleep and exposure (曝光) to light were monitored (监视) with tools on their wrists. (研究人员用戴在手腕上的工具监测他们的活动、睡眠和光照情况。)”可知，研究人员通过使用工具来收集研究中的信息。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study found that teenagers who were exposed to more light during the day usually went to sleep earlier and wake up earlier. (研究发现，白天接触更多光照的青少年通常睡得更早，醒得也更早。)”可知，如果青少年花更多时间在户外度过早晨，他们的睡觉时间和起床时间可能会提前。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the researchers noted that the study was not able to prove that exposure to light was the reason for the differences in the students’ sleep patterns — their sleep could also have been influenced by the different activities they did during the day. (然而，研究人员指出，这项研究无法证明光照是学生睡眠模式差异的原因——他们的睡眠也可能受到白天不同活动的影响。)”可推断，白天的活动也可能影响青少年的睡眠质量。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西宝鸡陈仓区虢镇中学·期中）Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. But unfortunately, most schools don’t have classes that teach you how to take notes. So here are some tips. Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. Don’t overdo it. Don’t go crazy taking notes. You’ll be frantic (慌乱的) if you try to write down every word that’s said in class. And if you focus too much on getting your notes right, you might miss important points. Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. Ask. Don’t be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss. If the teacher is going too fast, your classmates will also be happy to hear the information again. If you don’t want to ask in class, see your teacher afterwards. It’s much easier than wondering if you got the notes right as you study. Compare. Keep your notes handy when you’re doing your reading homework. Compare what you wrote with what the reading says — you may even want to add to your notes as you read. 1.What’s an advantage of note-taking according to the writer? A. It helps you to get good marks in tests. B. It’s a basic skill in researching a paper. C. It helps fix your mind on what the teacher says. D. It gives you a better understanding of key facts. 2.Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the passage? A. To introduce the topic of note-taking. B. To compare writing styles in different times. C. To give an example of forming good habits. D. To explain what a key fact is in a teacher’s class. 3.What is suggested in the third paragraph? A. Teachers encourage their students to be active in class. B. It’s helpful for teachers to learn from each other in styles. C. It’s not always possible to note down all information in class. D. A teacher’s style should be taken into consideration when taking notes. 4.What’s the writer’s opinion according to the passage? A. Students must try to take correct and detailed notes in class. B. Students should put down only key points while listening carefully. C. Students must not interrupt the teacher by asking questions in class. D. Students should put down as much information as possible in class. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记笔记的技巧和重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. (记笔记是一种技能，可以帮助你在所有的学业上都做得很好——从参加考试到研究论文)”可知，记笔记的一个优点就是它可以帮助你在考试中取得好成绩。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! (记下关键事实。如果你的老师在黑板上写笔记，那就太好了：你可以抄下来。如果没有，就记下课堂上最重要的要点。你的历史老师是否提到了某场关键内战战役的日期？你的英语老师是否举了莎士比亚使用讽刺手法的例子？把它们写下来！)”可知，提到莎士比亚是为了解释老师在课堂上提到的关键事实是什么。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. (不同的老师有不同的做法。例如，有些老师可能会在课堂上提到很多日期和事实，但只在黑板上写下关键的。而其他老师可能什么都不写，但他们可能会重复某个日期或某条信息。一段时间后，你就会了解老师的风格)”可知，第三段建议的是在记笔记时要考虑老师的风格。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. (有些人实际上通过听讲、记下几个关键点，然后在课后复习材料来学习得更好)”可知，作者的观点是学生应该仔细听讲，只记下关键点。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安阎良区西飞第一中学·期中）Every one of us may have been hurt by others — either by their words or actions. The best way to deal with the problem is to “forgive and forget”. “It is well realized that learning to forgive others can have positive benefits for one’s physical and mental health,” Saima Noreen, a scientist at the University of St. Andrews, the UK, told the Huffington Post. Recently, Noreen and her research team have found one more reason that you should stick to this principle — forgiving somebody who has hurt you makes it easier for you to forget the unhappy memory, according to their new study. In the study, researchers asked volunteers to read descriptions of 40 different situations that contained bad actions such as stealing, lying and cheating. Imagining being the victims (受害者), volunteers then had to decide whether they would be able to forgive. Two weeks later, volunteers took part in a memory test. In the test, they were shown a number of words related to the situations they had read about and then were asked to remember certain ones. The results showed that people were less likely to remember the details of the unpleasant experiences if they had found forgiveness in their hearts. In contrast, if they hadn’t forgiven the mistake, they could always remember what had happened. However, forgiving someone who has hurt you is always easier said than done. So Noreen hopes that one day in the near future research will give rise to powerful therapeutic (有疗效的) tools that will enable people to “forgive and forget” more effectively (有效地). 1.What’s Saima Noreen according to the text? A. A reporter of Huffington. B. A scientist from the UK. C. A student at a university. D. A volunteer in the test. 2.What have Noreen and her team found recently? A. Forgiving helps us to forget unhappy memories. B. They have found no reason to hurt other people. C. A memory-test is necessary to help people forgive. D. An unpleasant experience can be easily forgotten. 3.What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The finding of the research. B. The advantages of the research. C. The methods used in the research. D. The background of the research. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. It’s impossible to forgive someone. B. Noreen has finished her research report. C. The therapeutic tools have been invented. D. There may be some therapeutic tools in the future. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是在面对他人伤害时，处理这个问题的最好方式就是“宽恕和忘记”。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中““It is well realized that learning to forgive others can have positive benefits for one’s physical and mental health,” Saima Noreen, a scientist at the University of St. Andrews, the UK, told the Huffington Post. (英国圣安德鲁斯大学的科学家Saima Noreen在接受《赫芬顿邮报》采访时表示：“众所周知，学会原谅他人对一个人的身心健康有积极的好处。”)”可知，Saima Noreen应是科学家。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Recently, Noreen and her research team have found one more reason that you should stick to this principle — forgiving somebody who has hurt you makes it easier for you to forget the unhappy memory, according to their new study. (最近，Noreen和她的研究小组发现了另一个你应该坚持这一原则的原因——根据他们的新研究，原谅伤害过你的人会让你更容易忘记不愉快的记忆。)”可知，研究发现，宽恕伤害过你的人使你更容易忘记不快乐的记忆。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the study, researchers asked volunteers to read descriptions of 40 different situations that contained bad actions such as stealing, lying and cheating. Imagining being the victims, volunteers then had to decide whether they would be able to forgive. Two weeks later, volunteers took part in a memory test. In the test, they were shown a number of words related to the situations they had read about and then were asked to remember certain ones. (在这项研究中，研究人员要求志愿者阅读40种不同情况的描述，这些描述包含了偷窃、撒谎和欺骗等不良行为。想象自己是受害者，然后志愿者们必须决定他们是否能够原谅。两周后，志愿者们参加了一项记忆力测试。在测试中，研究人员向他们展示了一些与所读情景相关的单词，然后要求他们记住某些单词。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的研究方法。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So Noreen hopes that one day in the near future research will give rise to powerful therapeutic tools that will enable people to ‘forgive and forget’ more effectively. (因此，Noreen希望在不久的将来，研究将产生强大的治疗工具，使人们能够更有效地“宽恕和忘记”。)”可知，在未来很可能会出现治疗工具。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏银川永宁中学·期中）Do you love seeing beautiful lanterns outside? The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar (阴历) month. This year it is on Feb22, marking the end of Spring Festival celebrations. Lanterns are a big part of the festival. One story says that the bright lanterns show respect for gods. Another says that people light lanterns to celebrate the declining (消退的) darkness of winter. Watching lanterns is a great event. You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine, from animals to plants and flowers. To make this activity more fun, people paste (粘贴) riddles (谜语) on the lanterns. “Ten plus ten, still is ten, ten minus ten, again is ten.” Guess what? It is a pair of gloves. In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns, which are called Kongming lanterns. A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom, where there is a small fire source. When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes. Releasing river lights is also a way to bless for each other. Usually, the lights are in the shape of a lotus (荷花). In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals. Therefore, looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: “Anxiously, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. Suddenly I turned, and there she was in the declining light.” 1.When do people celebrate the Lantern Festival? A. On the 22nd day of the first lunar month. B. On the 15th day of the first solar month. C. On the 22nd day of February every year. D. On the 15th day of the first lunar month. 2.Which of the following statements about the Lantern Festival is TRUE? A. People paste riddles to show off their knowledge. B. Young girls were not allowed to go out on the day. C. People light lanterns to drive animals away. D. People make wishes when releasing lights. 3.How do you feel about the line from Xin Qiji? A. Sad. B. Scared. C. Romantic. D. Anxious. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. The Origin of the Lantern Festival B. River Lights on the Lantern Festival C. Celebrations of the Lantern Festival D. A day to Guess Lantern Riddles 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了元宵节的庆祝形式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar (阴历) month.”（这样做的最好的时间是在阴历正月十五的元宵节）可知，人们在阴历正月十五庆祝元宵节。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes.”（当明亮的灯光在天空中高高飘扬时，人们祝福家人并许愿）可知，人们放灯时会许愿。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: “Anxiously, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. Suddenly I turned, and there she was in the declining light.””（在古代，元宵节也是一个浪漫的节日。宋朝诗人辛弃疾的一句诗就说明了这一点:“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处”）可知，辛弃疾的词是很浪漫的。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Watching lanterns is a great event.”（赏灯是一个大的事件），第四段“In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns.”（在一些地方，人们喜欢放天灯），以及第五段“In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals.”（在古代，元宵节也是一个浪漫的节日。在那个时候，除了某些节日，年轻女孩是不允许经常外出的）可知，文章主要介绍了元宵节的庆祝形式。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·青海西宁第十四中学·期中）For many teens (青少年), Saturday mornings are a time to sleep in. After a busy week of waking up early, weekends offer a chance to catch up on rest. A new study finds that sleeping in on weekends — as long as it’s not for more than two additional hours — may help teens feel less anxious (焦虑的). Sleep is very important for everyone, especially teens, because it helps the brain and body work properly. However, 75% of American teens do not get the recommended (推荐) 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. School, homework, and other activities require early wake-ups, and teens usually find it difficult to fall asleep before 11 pm. In the past, research has suggested that sleeping too much on weekends could cause health problems. But no one had looked closely at how weekend sleep affects anxiety. Sojeong Kim, a researcher from the University of Oregon, decided to study this. She focused on teens aged 12 to 15, as this is when sleep problems often start. The study used data from around 1,900 teens who had filled out questionnaires about their feelings of anxiety. The results showed that teens who slept in on weekends had lower anxiety, but only if they slept for less than two additional hours. Teens who didn’t sleep in-or lost sleep on the weekend-reported higher anxiety levels. Those who slept in more than two additional hours had the most anxiety of all. Kim believes that sleeping too much on weekends can cause “social jet lag”, just like the tiredness people feel when they travel across time zones. For now, she wants teens to know there can be benefits to sleeping in on the weekend. “Getting a little more sleep on weekends might help you feel less anxious,” she says. “But sleeping too much may make things worse.” 1.What does the author want to point out in paragraph 2? A. It’s hard for teens to get enough sleep. B. Too much homework is harmful to kids. C. Most teens sleep for over eight hours. D. Adults enjoy sleeping late on workdays. 2.What were the teens in the study asked to do? A. Finish a test paper. B. Answer some questions. C. Write a diary entry. D. Go to bed early every day. 3.What did the study show about teens sleeping in over two additional hours on weekends? A. They avoided “social jet lag”. B. They felt calm in the classroom. C. They experienced higher anxiety. D. They reported a look of satisfaction. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. How Early Wake-ups Affect Teens B. The Best Time for Teens to Sleep C. How Teens End Struggles at School D. Teens’ Catch-up Sleep on Weekends 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年周末补觉的现象，研究发现周末适当补觉可能有助于减轻焦虑，但过度补觉可能会加剧焦虑。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, 75% of American teens do not get the recommended (推荐) 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. School, homework, and other activities require early wake-ups, and teens usually find it difficult to fall asleep before 11 pm.(然而，75%的美国青少年每晚没有得到推荐的8到10小时的睡眠。学校、家庭作业和其他活动需要早起，青少年通常发现晚上11点前很难入睡)”可知，本段主要指出青少年很难得到足够的睡眠。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The study used data from around 1,900 teens who had filled out questionnaires about their feelings of anxiety.(这项研究使用了大约1900名青少年的数据，他们填写了关于自己焦虑感的问卷)”可知，研究中的青少年被要求填写关于焦虑感的问卷，即回答一些问题。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Those who slept in more than two additional hours had the most anxiety of all.(那些周末多睡两个多小时的人焦虑感最强)”可知，周末多睡两个多小时的青少年经历了更高的焦虑。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A new study finds that sleeping in on weekends — as long as it’s not for more than two additional hours — may help teens feel less anxious (焦虑的).(一项新的研究发现，周末适当补觉——只要不超过两个小时——可能有助于减轻青少年的焦虑感)”可知，本文主要介绍了青少年周末补觉的现象，研究发现周末适当补觉可能有助于减轻焦虑，但过度补觉可能会加剧焦虑，故D项“Teens’ Catch-up Sleep on Weekends (青少年周末补觉)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·陕西西安阎良区西飞第一中学·期中）Studies have shown that how we understand our strength is helpful to our muscles(肌肉) which might waste with disuse. When research disuse. When researchers at Ohio University examined the strength among a group of adults, who agreed to have their wrists(手腕) immobilized for a week to cause weakness, they found that only imagining having strong muscles reduced the loss in strength by 50 percent. Crum, a pioneer in this area, found in his study that having a different attitude can maximize(最大化) the benefits of all the exercise we do each day, such as housework or walking around the shops. It appears that tracking our steps through smart watches and other wearable technologies can make a difference to how we understand our fitness. The study showed people who had considered themselves as inactive, were found that they were actually completing about 7,000 steps a day and began to report improved mood, better confidence and even an increase in aerobic fitness measurements, even though they weren’t exercising more than usual. An even more unexpected fitness trick might come from our gut. It seems that having the right populations of gut bacteria(肠道菌群) makes you more likely to exercise. Last December, Christopher Thais at the University of Pennsylvania and his colleagues found that differences in gut bacterial populations appeared to play a much greater role than genetics(遗传学) when it came to running performance in mice. They chose two special bacteria as being especially important. When the mice were given these, it seemed to increase their thirst for exercise. It remains to be seen whether this works effectively in humans. We still have much to learn about whether changing microbial populations can make us fitter, says Shrushti Shah at the University of Calgary in Canada. This could be important, as many of us struggle to find the motivation to exercise. 1.What does the underlined word “immobilized” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Moved. B. Fixed. C. Straightened. D. Broken. 2.What is presented in Crum’s finding? A. Tracking steps is necessary in daily routine. B. Attitude matters to all the exercise. C. Walking around the shops amounts to 7,000 steps. D. Inactive people have trouble in completing exercise. 3.What is the function of the example in Paragraph 3? A. To further explain the research method. B. To support evidence for the research result. C. To show possible use of the research finding. D. To present a reasonable doubt about the research. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the two special bacteria in humans? A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Careful. D. Supportive. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了态度对锻炼的好处，并分析了肠道菌群或许会影响我们锻炼的动机。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。上文“Studies have shown that how we understand our strength is helpful to which our muscles which might waste with disuse.(研究表明，我们如何理解我们的力量有助于我们的肌肉因废用而浪费。)”和下文“they found that only imagining having strong muscles reduced the loss in strength by 50 percent(他们发现，只有想象自己有强壮的肌肉，力量的损失才会减少50%)”可知，肌肉长时间不使用会变得虚弱；由此可知，实验时，这些成年人的手腕被固定不使用，因此推断画线词与B项“固定”意思一致。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crum, a pioneer in this area, found in his study that having a different attitude can maximize the benefits of all the exercise we do each day, such as housework or walking around the shops.(Crum是这一领域的先驱，他在研究中发现，采取不同的态度可以最大限度地提高我们每天做的所有运动的益处，比如做家务或逛商店。)”可知，Crum的研究表明态度对所有的锻炼都很重要。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的“An even more unexpected fitness trick might come from our gut. It seems that having the right populations of gut bacteria makes you more likely to exercise.(一个更意想不到的健身技巧可能来自我们的直觉。似乎拥有合适的肠道细菌群会让你更有可能锻炼。)”和“When the mice were given these, it seemed to increase their thirst for exercise.(当老鼠服用这些药物时，似乎增加了它们对运动的渴望。)”可知，本段讲述适当的肠道菌群让我们更有可能锻炼，接下来给出了一个例子来进一步解释说明这种研究结果，因此推断这个例子的功能是为这个研究结果提供证据的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It remains to be seen whether this works effectively in humans. We still have much to learn about whether changing microbial populations can make us fitter, says Shrushti Shah at the University of Calgary in Canada.(这在人类身上是否有效还有待观察。加拿大卡尔加里大学的Shrushti Shah说：“关于微生物种群的变化是否能让我们更健康，我们还有很多要了解的地方。”。)”可知，作者认为这种结果仍需要进一步观察，且指出Shrushti Shah说微生物种群的变化是否能使我们更健康我们还有很多要了解；因此推断对于这两种微生物种群的使用作者是谨慎的。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·宁夏灵武第一中学·期中）Like many people, I’m always trying to balance tough work deadlines, cleaning the house, and the endless messages on my phone. Last month, I felt really tired all the time. When I went for a regular (常规的) health check, I found out my blood pressure was getting too high. The doctor suggested that I take a few days off to go on a vacation. Modern life is often busy, which makes many people feel stressed (有压力的). Studies show that stress is a common problem around the world. The World Health Organization says it affects millions of people everywhere. Planning a trip can be a good way to relax and feel better. Dr. Jane Smith, a psychologist from Cornell University, says, “You don’t need to travel far or stay away for long. What’s important is to step away from your routine (日常事务) and take a break. Visiting new places and trying new things can make you happy and excited.” Dr. Smith and her team carried out a study involving over 400 participants (参与者) who took short vacations. They assessed the participants’ energy levels both before and after their trips through detailed questionnaires (调查表). The results showed that 94% of the participants reported feeling more energetic after their vacations. This suggests that taking time off, even for short periods, can greatly improve one’s focus and creativity upon returning to work. “Taking a trip is important, no matter how busy life gets. It’s good for your mind and body,” Dr. Smith says. 1.What does the author want to show by telling his story? A. People seldom see a doctor. B. People get tired after a trip. C. People hardly go on a vacation. D. People suffer stress from their busy life. 2.What is important for a trip according to Dr. Smith? A. Finding a quiet city. B. Choosing a faraway place. C. Staying away for a long time. D. Stopping regular activities for a while. 3.What were participants asked to do during the study? A. Answer questions. B. Record their daily life. C. Pick their travelling places. D. Visit the hospital for checks regularly. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Modern Life Is Stressful B. What You Should Do During a Trip C. Mind and Body Can Be Freed by a Trip D. How People Balance Life and Work 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲当今人们面临诸多生活压力，建议通过旅行来放松其身心。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Like many people, I’m always trying to balance tough work deadlines, cleaning the house, and the endless messages on my phone. Last month, I felt really tired all the time.(像许多人一样，我总是在努力平衡紧张的工作期限、打扫房子和手机上无休止的信息。上个月，我一直觉得很累)”以及第二段中“Modern life is often busy, which makes many people feel stressed (有压力的). (现代生活往往很忙碌，这让很多人感到压力)”可知，作者通过讲述自己的故事想要说明人们因忙碌的生活而遭受压力。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中Jane Smith博士说的话“You don’t need to travel far or stay away for long. What’s important is to step away from your routine (日常事务) and take a break.(你不需要走很远或离开很长时间。重要的是远离日常事务，休息一下)”可知，Smith博士认为，旅行重要的是暂时停止常规活动。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Dr. Smith and her team carried out a study involving over 400 participants (参与者) who took short vacations. They assessed the participants’ energy levels both before and after their trips through detailed questionnaires (调查表).(Smith博士和她的团队对400多名参加短途旅行的参与者进行了研究。他们通过详细的调查表评估了参与者旅行前后的精力水平)”可知，在研究过程中，参与者被要求回答调查表上的问题。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中““Taking a trip is important, no matter how busy life gets. It’s good for your mind and body,” Dr. Smith says.(Smith博士说：“无论生活有多忙，旅行都很重要。它对你的身心都有好处。”。)”可知，文章主要讲当今人们面临诸多生活压力，建议通过旅行来放松其身心。C选项“Mind and Body Can Be Freed by a Trip(旅行可以解放身心)”最符合文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）In one high school biology class, almost four in every 10 low-income students would fail the course. But with some simple practices to reduce test anxiety (焦虑), researchers cut that number in half. Christopher Rozek is a psychologist at Stanford University. He studies how stress and other things can affect learning. Reducing test anxiety had raised test scores in several small studies, so Rozek and his team decided to test it on a larger scale. Rozek’s group wanted to know if short stress-relief (缓解压力) activities before an exam would affect a student’s grade. They tested 1,175 biology students at a large, public high school in Illinois. At this school, a little more than half of low-income students fail their biology finals. Only 6 percent of high-income students fail. They divided the students into four groups. One group spent 10 minutes free-writing about their fears. This was designed to clear the kids’ heads so that they could then focus on the exam. Another group read how the body responds to stress and how these can actually help with attention. Then they answered reading comprehension questions. Students in a third group did both of these reading and writing activities. A fourth group, called the active control group, read a passage that told them to just ignore (忽视) their worries. Afterward, the students all took their final test in biology. A total of 205 low-income students did one or both stress-relieving activities. On average, these students scored higher on the exam than their classmates in the control group. Indeed, 82 percent of them passed the class. Only 61 percent of the lower-income students in the control group passed. Whether a student read or free-wrote about managing stress, or both, seemed negligible. All methods worked equally well at helping students pass their tests. Nearly all the high-income kids passed the class whether they did the activities or not. These students may be less nervous before exams. Or they may have already learned ways to deal with the stress, Rozek says. 1.Why did Rozek’s team do the study? A. To make biology tests simpler. B. To stop students’ fear of exams. C. To test stress relief on a bigger group. D. To develop new teaching methods for biology. 2.What did the third group of students do? A. Forget their exam worries. B. Only wrote about their fears. C. Read and wrote about stress. D. Just answered reading questions. 3.What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Insignificant. B. Incorrect. C. Indirect. D. Informal. 4.What can we infer about high-income students? A. They had no test anxiety at all. B. They need more stress-relief help. C. They disliked the stress-relief tasks. D. They are less affected by test anxiety. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍斯坦福大学团队研究考前减压活动对低收入学生生物考试成绩的积极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Reducing test anxiety had raised test scores in several small studies, so Rozek and his team decided to test it on a larger scale.(在几项小型研究中，减轻考试焦虑已提高了考试成绩，因此罗泽克和他的团队决定在更大范围内进行测试)”可知，罗泽克团队开展研究是为了在更大群体中测试减压方法的效果。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They divided the students into four groups. One group spent 10 minutes free-writing about their fears. This was designed to clear the kids’ heads so that they could then focus on the exam. Another group read how the body responds to stress and how these can actually help with attention. Then they answered reading comprehension questions. Students in a third group did both of these reading and writing activities.(他们将学生分成四组。第一组花 10 分钟自由写作，描述自己的恐惧 —— 这项任务旨在帮助学生理清思绪，以便他们随后能专注于考试。第二组阅读有关身体如何应对压力以及这些反应如何实际有助于集中注意力的内容，之后完成阅读理解题。第三组的学生则同时进行了上述阅读和写作两项活动)” 可知，第三组学生既阅读了与压力相关的内容，又进行了相关写作。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“All methods worked equally well at helping students pass their tests.(所有方法在帮助学生通过考试方面都同样有效)”可知，无论学生采用哪种减压方式，效果都一致，因此“学生是只阅读、只书写还是两者都做”这个差异并不重要，negligible应意为“无关紧要的”，与insignificant含义一致。故选A项 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nearly all the high-income kids passed the class whether they did the activities or not. These students may be less nervous before exams.(几乎所有高收入家庭的孩子无论是否参加这些活动都通过了课程。这些学生在考试前可能没那么紧张)”可知，高收入学生无论是否参与减压活动都能通过考试，推测他们受考试焦虑的影响较小。故选D项。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion (结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18. Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues. Hartshorne surveyed tens of thousands of people online. He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test. He used their answers to guess their native languages. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived? the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. It also asked how long they’d lived in an English-speaking country. Hartshorne’s group analyzed (分析) responses from 669,498 native and non-native speakers of English. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as those who had learned both English and another language from birth, the researchers found. The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why? The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17. However, they found language learning did not end at 17 and people’s English skills kept improving slightly until around age 30. This was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language, the new study found. 1.How did Hartshorne do the survey? A. He paid his friends to do it. B. He surveyed thousands of students. C. He interviewed passers-by. D. He carried out the survey online. 2.Which of the following best explains “took a nosedive” underlined in paragraph 5? A. Fell. B. Changed. C. Counted. D. Rose. 3.What do the researchers say about language learning? A. It requires few skills. B. It keeps people smarter. C. It ends at the age of 17. D. It needs more practice. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A learning guide. B. A study on language learning. C. An English speaker. D. A survey on grammar rules. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test.(他开始要求志愿者参加在线英语语法测试)”可知，Hartshorne是通过志愿者在线测试、问答等方式开展调查工作的。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词组后文“those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why? The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可知，took a nosedive是指在17岁左右时人们学习语法的能力是急剧下降的。由此推知，划线短语与选项A的意思最接近。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why? The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(研究结果进一步表明，在17岁左右，人们学习语法的能力急剧下降，而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可推知，研究人员认为语言学习需要大量练习。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion(结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.(小孩子很容易学会一门新语言。对于年龄较大的孩子来说，这应该要困难得多。但这个结论可能不正确。人们何时能学好一门语言的窗口似乎要持续到17岁或18岁左右)”和第二段“Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.(早期的研究表明，我们最擅长在幼儿时期学习语法。约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事说，然后我们在5岁左右就走到了死胡同。但事实并非如此)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。故选B。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·陕西汉中西乡县第一中学·期中）Loneliness is a big problem for mental health. It can even make the risk of dying go up by 45%. But scientists found that spending time in the natural environment of the city can help people feel less lonely. This study is the first to explore how the environment can affect loneliness. The researchers used a smartphone app to collect real-time data instead of asking people to remember how they felt later. The study found that feeling crowded can make people feel 30% more lonely. But when people can see trees or hear birds, their loneliness goes down by 28%. Feeling included in a social group also reduces loneliness by 21%. When people feel included and are also in nature, the good effects get even better, going up by another 18%. The researchers suggested ways to help reduce loneliness. They said, “We should create more ways for people to feel included and spend time in nature, especially in big cities.” Spending time in nature is known to make people feel better. For example, walking in the woods can save a lot of money in mental health costs. In the UK, it saves at least £185 million a year. The study used the app to collect data from people living in cities all over the world. More than 750 people gave 16,600 assessments (评价). The study didn’t include everyone, but when the researchers looked at age, education, and jobs, they still found that nature and feeling included really help reduce loneliness. Johanna Gibbons, who was part of the research team, said, “Cities are growing fast. We need to create more places for nature in cities where people can be happy and healthy.” 1.How was the research carried out? A. By relying on people’s memory. B. By surveying 750 participants. C. By collecting data through an app. D. By doing experiments in the laboratory. 2.What did the study find about loneliness? A. Seeing trees or hearing birds can reduce loneliness. B. Feeling crowded can reduce loneliness. C. Nature makes people feel more lonely. D. Social groups increase loneliness. 3.What did the researchers suggest to help reduce loneliness? A. People should spend more time alone. B. Cities should have more nature areas. C. People should avoid social groups. D. Cities shouldn’t grow bigger. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. How to Improve Mental Health B. Nature Is Important in Cities C. The Benefits of Walking in the Woods D. Nature Helps Reduce Loneliness 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于城市自然环境如何帮助减轻孤独感的科学研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers used a smartphone app to collect real-time data instead of asking people to remember how they felt later. （研究人员使用一款智能手机应用程序来收集实时数据，而不是依赖人们事后回忆自己的感受）”可知，这项研究是通过手机应用程序收集实时数据进行的。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“But when people can see trees or hear birds, their loneliness goes down by 28%. （但当人们能看到树木或听到鸟鸣时，他们的孤独感会降低28%）”可知，接触自然景象和声音可以减轻孤独感。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“They said, ‘We should create more ways for people to feel included and spend time in nature, especially in big cities.’（研究人员指出：‘我们应当开辟更多途径，让民众获得社会归属感并有机会亲近自然——这一点在大城市中尤为重要。'）”可知，研究人员的建议是城市应该提供更多的自然空间。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头强调孤独感问题，主体部分详细描述研究发现自然减少孤独感（如第三段数据），结尾呼应建议增加自然空间。全文围绕“城市自然环境有利于减轻孤独感”展开，并提出具体对策。选项D“大自然有助于减少孤独感”符合主题，适合用作标题，故选D项。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·陕西多校·期中）A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1.What can we know about having a garden? A. It depends on guides. B. It costs much money. C. It brings many benefits. D. It focuses on much skill. 2.What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Low-cost. B. Environment-friendly. C. Hand-made. D. Ready-made. 3.What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A. Their knowledge. B. Their experience. C. Their ability. D. Their energy. 4.What use does a greenhouse have? A. To take the place of a regular garden. B. To make people’s creation easier. C. To help people keep gardening habits. D. To meet people’s different needs for life. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了园艺的魅力与益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result.(在户外从事体力劳作时，会油然而生一种沉静的使命感。清洗花盆、调整花架，或是给需要支撑的花茎绑上细绳，这些看似不起眼的小事，实则意义非凡。它们都是细微的举动，却能带来实实在在的成果。)”和第四段中的“Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile.(动手劳作是在做有意义的事情时重置思绪的机会。)” 可知，园艺能带来使命感、明确成果和思绪重置的机会，即带来诸多益处。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it.(市场上有许多prefabricated温室，所以你一买就可以使用。)”可知，一买就可以使用的温室应该是“现成的”，ready-made意为“现成的”，与prefabricated意思相近。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What matters is the time you give to it.(重要的是你投入的时间。)”可知，对园丁来说最重要的是他们投入的时间精力。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose.(温室可以延续这种习惯，支持更多的植物，并给你一个安静的地方，让你随时进行简单的任务。)”可知，温室能帮助人们保持园艺习惯。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏自治区石嘴山市平罗中学·期中）Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults. A study, which included nearly 1,400 high school students, found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures? On the one hand, people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers, may snack more, and that may influence their long-term diet quality. On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids. Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, told Reuters Health a clear relationship between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food, those who’d watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion, parents should limit and monitor TV viewing. As far as I am concerned, children should watch not more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physically active and controlling their own TV time. 1.What does the underlined word “tempt” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Help. B. Allow. C. Attract. D. Invite. 2.What do the heavy TV viewers tend to do according to the text? A. Take in high-calcium food. B. Eat more fruits. C. Eat less junk food. D. Take in fewer vegetables. 3.What suggestion does the author give the parents? A. They should behave well in front of their children. B. They should encourage their children to exercise more. C. They should stop the children from watching TV. D. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets. 4.What’s the best title for this text? A. Why Teenagers Like TV B. People Should Keep Away from TV to Keep Healthy C. Parents’ Own Habits May Influence Children Later D. Teenagers’ TV Time May Influence Their Diets Later 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出一项研究发现青少年长时间看电视可能导致成年后饮食质量变差，分析了原因并给出相关建议。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods (另一方面，电视上快餐、糖果和零食的广告会tempt青少年更多地食用这些食物)”可知，广告的作用是吸引观众购买或食用相关产品，因此tempt的含义为 “吸引”，与attract同义。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food, those who’d watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food (而那些看电视时间最长的人吃的垃圾食品最多，那些每天看电视少于两小时的人摄入的水果、蔬菜、全谷物和高钙食物最多)”可知，长时间看电视的人倾向于摄入更少的蔬菜。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physically active and controlling their own TV time (而且父母应该通过合理饮食、积极运动和控制自己的看电视时间来树立良好的榜样)”可知，作者建议父母在孩子面前表现良好，以身作则。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段中的“A study, which included nearly 1,400 high school students, found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers five years later. (一项涉及近1400名高中生的研究发现，每天看电视五小时或更长时间的人，五年后的饮食健康程度不如同龄人)”可知，文章核心是青少年看电视时长与成年后饮食质量的关联。D项“青少年看电视的时间可能会影响他们以后的饮食习惯”能概括本文主旨，适合作标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西·期中）Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early. Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time. Here are some other benefits of later school start times: More time for a healthy breakfast When running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits. With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning. Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness. When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with. Better performance (表现) in study Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn. In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better. 1.According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up? A. Their low grades. B. Their empty stomachs. C. Their body’s sleep cycle. D. Their heavy homework. 2.How can sleep loss influence students’ study? A. It gives them much energy. B. It does harm to the brain. C. It saves more time for study. D. It improves their memory. 3.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain reasons for students’ stress. B. To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss. C. To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food. D. To introduce benefits of later school start times. 4.In which part of the website can you probably find this passage? A. Education. B. Fashion. C. Sports. D. Technology. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了青少年需要每晚8-10小时的睡眠，但由于身体睡眠周期的变化，青少年很难早早入睡。较晚的开学时间支持青少年的自然需求并增加他们的睡眠时间,并介绍了推迟开学的益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. (然而，在青春期，身体睡眠周期的变化使青少年很难早睡。)”可知，青少年身体的睡眠周期会导致他们熬夜，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems部分第一段的“Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness. (睡眠不足可能会导致忧虑、压力和不快乐。)”可知，睡眠不足对大脑有害，影响学生的学习，故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better. (总之，晚一点上学有助于学生获得更好的睡眠。它提高了他们进食、行为和表现更好的机会。)”以及通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍推迟上学时间的好处，故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early. (青少年每晚需要八到十个小时的睡眠。然而，在青春期，身体睡眠周期的变化使青少年很难早睡。许多人直到晚上10点半甚至更晚才能入睡，如果他们不得不早起，大多数人会感到困倦。)”以及第三段“Here are some other benefits of later school start times:(以下是推迟上学时间的其他一些好处:)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了青少年需要每晚8-10小时的睡眠，但由于身体睡眠周期的变化，青少年很难早早入睡，推迟上学时间有很多好处。因此推断文章属于教育范畴，我们可以在网站的教育部分找到这篇文章，故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·宁夏永宁上游高级中学·期中）Youth soccer coach Pierre Hedji has set up the club DCXI to give kids in Washington, D. C. a chance to learn soccer and compete. Unlike most of the clubs, DCXI has a kind of pay-what-you-can model designed for people who spend much money on professional services. “This is the center of pay-to-play,” Kevin Salandy, a software consultant, says after a DCXI’s winning game against the once best team from the state. “There’s a lot of money in DCXI club. That’s why they have these excellent teams.” While DCXI’s pay-what-you-can model may be like what Salandy said, it has a lot of critics(批评者)who say it’s not benefiting kids or the sport as a whole. “Some families make such a pay-to-play in club soccer because they can. It’s fun for their kids, and there may be benefits that come out of it,” says Lindsey Blom, a professor of sport at Ball State University, but for the low-income(低收入)families, that may mean spending half of their yearly income. DCXI doesn’t make sure a kid will receive the best coaching all the time, either. Blom says, “People think that the more they put into their kids’ experience financially, the more successful they’re going to be and the more successful they’re going to get out of it. But the truth isn’t often to be the case.” Peter Guthrie, a youth soccer coach, says, “In some cases, people choosing DCXI believe that this is going to be the path for their kids to receive college scholarships. So they have to do well as a10-year-old in order to get what they want.” In fact, a small part of high school soccer players receive scholarships to play in college. Another problem with DCXI: inequity on school teams. Kids who can’t afford club soccer could play on their high school teams where it’s generally free. But in tryouts, they often have to compete against more experienced kids who come from families that can pay for clubs. 1.What does Salandy mean in paragraph 2? A. DCXI is faced with a lot of critics. B. DCXI was once the best. C. Money plays a key role in DCXI’s success. D. DCXI kids hardly competed. 2.How does DCXI influence low-income families according to Lindsey Blom? A. It puts too much pressure on them. B. It helps their kids go to college. C. It fails to bring fun to their kids. D. It ensures their kids receive scholarships. 3.What does the underlined word “inequity” mean in the last paragraph? A. Boredom. B. Laziness. C. Unfairness. D. Irresponsibility. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. The History of DCXI B. DCXI—Good or Bad? C. How to Choose a Club D. DCXI—out of Reach for Adults? 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文，介绍了训练孩子们进行足球训练的俱乐部DCXI，介绍了它的优点和缺点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There’s a lot of money in DCXI club. That’s why they have these excellent teams.(DCXI俱乐部有很多钱。这就是为什么他们有这么优秀的团队)”可知，通过Kevin Salandy所说可知，金钱在DCXI的成功中起着关键作用。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段““Some families make such a pay-to-play in club soccer because they can. It’s fun for their kids, and there may be benefits that come out of it,” says Lindsey Blom, a professor of sport at Ball State University, but for the low-income(低收入)families, that may mean spending half of their yearly income.(“有些家庭花钱在俱乐部踢球，因为他们可以。这对他们的孩子来说很有趣，而且可能会有好处，”波尔州立大学的体育教授林赛·布洛姆说，但对低收入家庭来说，这可能意味着花费他们年收入的一半)”可知，Lindsey Blom认为加入DCXI俱乐部意味着要花掉低收入家庭年收入的一半，给他们带来很大压力。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后文“Kids who can’t afford club soccer could play on their high school teams where it’s generally free. But in tryouts, they often have to compete against more experienced kids who come from families that can pay for clubs.(买不起俱乐部踢足球的孩子可以参加高中球队，那里的足球通常是免费的。但在选拔赛中，他们往往要与经验更丰富的孩子竞争，这些孩子来自能够支付俱乐部费用的家庭)”可知，贫困家庭的孩子与富裕家庭的孩子在足球竞争时的踢球经验是不同等的，划线词意思为“不公平的”，与unfairness意思相近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段““This is the center of pay-to-play,” Kevin Salandy, a software consultant, says after a DCXI’s winning game against the once best team from the state.(“这是付费比赛的中心，”软件顾问凯文·萨兰迪在一场DCXI击败该州曾经最好的球队后说)”及第三段“While DCXI’s pay-what-you-can model may be like what Salandy said, it has a lot of critics(批评者)who say it’s not benefiting kids or the sport as a whole.(虽然DCXI的“能付多少就付多少”模式可能像萨兰迪所说的那样，但它也有很多批评者认为它对孩子或整个体育运动都没有好处)”可知，本文介绍了训练孩子们进行足球训练的俱乐部DCXI，介绍了它的优点和缺点。B选项“DCXI—好还是坏？”最符合本文主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山西阳泉市第一中学·期中）In Spain, children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups. The program is called ‌“bicibus” or bike bus. In Barcelona, the program started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders. This fall, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. In September, a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays: Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. Instead of riding in bike lanes (道) or on sidewalks, the bicibus takes over the entire street. The commute (通勤) of these bikers takes about 25 minutes. And with the ever-growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture, the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibus and behind it. This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel safely to school. With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibus feels like a party. ‌“The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends and we ride together,” nine-year-old Maria Pitarch says. Some parents have made the bicibus the way they get to work on Fridays. Parents are hoping that the bicibus will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. They want the city to create wider, kid-friendly bike lanes that are separate from car traffic. They point out that the bicibus also helps cut down on pollution. Recently, pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibus got a lot of attention on the social media site. Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is, and how easy it is to get started. Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses. 1.What can we learn about the bicibus? A. It has a flexible schedule. B. Its path is made known in advance. C. It takes over the whole sidewalks. D. Its safety is a concern for parents. 2.Why does the author mention Maria Pitarch in the fourth paragraph? A. To introduce more about the bike bus. B. To encourage readers to join the bike bus. C. To praise the performance of the kids. D. To show the enjoyment kids get from the program. 3.What do the parents expect the local government to do? A. Cut down on pollution. B. Focus on traffic problems. C. Build safer bike lanes for kids. D. Promote the bicibus program. 4.What is the public’s attitude toward the bus bike? A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. (宽容的) C. Cautious. (谨慎的) D. Supportive. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙巴塞罗那推行的“bicibus”或称自行车巴士项目，该项目旨在鼓励孩子和家人一起骑车上学，减少污染，并得到了社会的广泛关注和支持。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join.(自行车巴士每周五早上8点25分左右出发。它将遵循的路线总是提前公布的，所以每个人都知道在哪里加入)”可知，自行车巴士的路线会提前公布，即其路径会提前告知。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中““The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends and we ride together,” nine-year-old Maria Pitarch says.(“自行车巴士最棒的地方就是我们骑着车去接我的朋友，然后一起骑车，”九岁的Maria Pitarch说)”可知，作者提到Maria Pitarch是为了展示孩子们从这个项目中获得的乐趣，他们喜欢一起骑车。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Parents are hoping that the bicibus will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. They want the city to create wider, kid-friendly bike lanes that are separate from car traffic.(家长们希望自行车巴士能够改变人们对城市交通的看法。他们希望这座城市能开辟更宽阔、更适合儿童骑行的自行车道，与汽车交通分开)”可知，家长们期望地方政府为孩子们建造更安全的自行车道。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Recently, pictures and videos of the Eixanple bicibus got a lot of attention on the social media site. Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is, and how easy it is to get started. Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses.(最近，Eixanple自行车巴士的照片和视频在社交媒体上引起了广泛关注。许多人指出这是一个多么简单的想法，以及开始是多么容易。巴塞罗那的其他一些地区也已经在组织自行车巴士了)”可推知，公众对自行车巴士持支持态度。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·青海海南藏族自治州高级中学·期中）Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to visit other countries, modern cities and ancient towns. They travel to enjoy these special places, or just to relax. It is always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, such as by meeting different people, trying different food, and listening to different music. People who live in the country like to go to big cities. They like to spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at restaurants. People who live in the city usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe in the sun. Most travellers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them. Then, perhaps years later, they can look at the photos and be reminded of the happy time they once had. People often travel by train, by boat or by car. All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages and people choose one according to their plans and the places they are going. If we travel a lot, we will see and discover a lot of things that we could never see or experience at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes. 1.What is interesting to do when people travel? A. To find the advantages and the disadvantages of travelling. B. To listen to different music and take pictures. C. To discover new things and different ways of life. D. To go to big cities and meet different people. 2.How do people usually spend a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains? A. They spend their time visiting museums and art galleries. B. They do nothing but walk and bathe in the sun. C. They do nothing but sleep outdoors. D. They go to look at shop windows and eat at restaurants. 3.Why do many travellers take pictures of everything they like? A. Because they like taking all kinds of pictures. B. Because they all take a camera with them while travelling. C. Because the pictures are beautiful to look at. D. Because the pictures can remind them of the happy time. 4.What’s the best way to study geography? A. To travel a lot and experience more. B. To meet some more people in their homes. C. To learn in books or in newspapers. D. To see and experience at home. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述世界各地数以百万计的人在假期旅行，并介绍不同人有不同的旅行方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“They travel to enjoy these special places, or just to relax. It is always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, such as by meeting different people, trying different food, and listening to different music. (他们去参观其他国家、现代城市和古镇。他们旅行是为了享受这些特别的地方，或者只是为了放松。发现新事物和不同的生活方式总是很有趣的，比如遇见不同的人，尝试不同的食物，听不同的音乐。) ”可知，人们旅游的时候，发现新事物和不同的生活方式总是很有趣的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“People who live in the city usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe in the sun. (住在城市里的人通常喜欢在海边或山上度过一个安静的假期，什么也不做，只是在阳光下散步和沐浴。)”可知，人们通常什么也不做，只是在阳光下散步和沐浴，在海边或山里度过一个安静的假期。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Most travellers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them. Then, perhaps years later, they can look at the photos and be reminded of the happy time they once had. (大多数旅行者随身带着照相机，拍下他们感兴趣的一切。然后，也许多年后，他们可以看到这些照片，并想起他们曾经拥有的快乐时光。)”可知，很多旅行者喜欢拍他们喜欢的一切是因为这些照片可以让他们想起快乐的时光。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes. (学习地理的最好方法是旅行，而了解和理解人们的最好方法是到他们的家里去见他们。)”可知学习地理的最好方法是多旅行，多体验。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·青海海东第二中学·期中）Beautiful Places to Visit Humans have a special love for nature and have always been trying to discover nature. In this try, they have discovered many wonderful places across the world. Following are the places every man wants to see in their life. Glass Beach A very charming (迷人的) place in the world that should be seen once in life time is the Glass Beach in California. There are a large number of glass pieces that gathered after years of throwing garbage into the sea. All the glasses are not allowed to remove and there is a law not to remove any of the things and even the glass from its place. Glow (发光) Worm Cave It is also a very beautiful and worth-visiting place in the world. As the name suggests, it is famous due to glow worms, and it is the only one of its type in the world located in New Zealand. There is a visitor center in the cave to see its beauty. Ha Long Bay It is a worth-seeing place of the world and is located in Vietnam. The color of its water is emerald (翡翠绿) and large stones are standing at different places that make it look beautiful. There are also many boats for taking the visitors to far off places. This region is also famous for mountain hiking. Weston Maui Resort Another very beautiful place to visit in life time is the Weston Maui Resort in the American State of Hawaii. It is a very charming place to spend holidays. All the rooms in this resort have very wonderful sights that impress the visitors a lot. 1.Why do people introduce a law at Glass Beach? A. To reduce pollution. B. To attract more visitors. C. To protect visitors’ rights. D. To prevent people moving things. 2.Where can you see glow insects? A. Glass Beach. B. Glow Worm Cave. C. Ha Long Bay. D. Weston Maui Resort. 3.What do Ha Long Bay and Weston Maui Resort have in common? A. They are in the same country. B. They are famous for hiking. C. They are beautiful places to visit. D. They have green water and large stones. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个世界上值得游览的美丽地方，包括加利福尼亚的玻璃海滩、新西兰的萤火虫洞、越南的下龙湾以及美国夏威夷的威斯汀毛伊岛度假村。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据 Glass Beach 部分的“All the glasses are not allowed to remove and there is a law not to remove any of the things and even the glass from its place.(所有的玻璃都不允许被移走，并且有法律规定不允许从原地移走任何东西，甚至是玻璃)”可知，制定法律是为了防止人们移走东西，故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据 Glow (发光) Worm Cave 部分的“As the name suggests, it is famous due to glow worms, and it is the only one of its type in the world located in New Zealand.(顾名思义，它因萤火虫而闻名，它是世界上唯一位于新西兰的此类洞穴)”可知，在萤火虫洞可以看到萤火虫，故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据 Ha Long Bay 部分的“It is a worth-seeing place of the world(它是世界上一个值得一看的地方)”以及 Weston Maui Resort 部分的“Another very beautiful place to visit in life time(一生中另一个非常值得游览的美丽地方)”可知，下龙湾和威斯汀毛伊岛度假村的共同之处在于它们都是美丽的游览胜地，故选C项。 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西镇安中学·期中）“I feel lonely and hopeless,” said Lisa, a bright teenager from a loving home. “It seems that nobody wants to become my friend. What’s wrong with me?” Like Lisa, many of us experience loneliness. The truth is that all people, no matter what their age or character — even the most outgoing, rich and popular — experience loneliness at least sometimes. It’s healthy and natural to want to be around people who care about us. After all, we’ve all heard “No man is an island.” That’s true. We all need others in our lives. Solomon, the wisest man who ever lived, explains that if we want friends, we must be friendly and reach out to others. But it has risks. Because we are often afraid of rejection (拒绝), many of us are unwilling to reach out to others. We take a safer way and wait for others to make friends with us. But if we want friends, we’ve got to get beyond this. If making friends is your goal as well, you need to consider taking some measures. Be willing to take the initiative (主动). If you see someone whom you would like to know, don’t wait for them to make the first move. Get close to them and begin a conversation. Let them know in a friendly way that you are interested in being friends with them. Reach out to those who are lonely. When you see someone at school sitting alone, go over and talk to them. And don’t let popularity decide whom you reach out to. You’ll often be surprised at the beautiful qualities behind a shy appearance. Ask questions. Start your first conversation by asking this possible friend what he or she likes to do or asking about their family. Be sure to ask questions that cannot be replied with “yes” or “no”. For example, don’t ask “Do you have a dog?” Instead, say “So, tell me about your pets.” Avoiding asking such questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one-word answer. 1.How does the author begin the text? A. By praising a tradition. B. By using an old saying. C. By showing Lisa’s worry. D. By sharing his sad story. 2.What stopped many people to make friends according to paragraph 3? A. Fear of being turned down. B. The distrust of friends. C. Poor communication skills. D. Little interest in social life. 3.What makes a good conversation starter according to the author? A. Talking about yourself first. B. Using simple yes/ no questions. C. Asking open-ended questions. D. Giving comments on appearance. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. A Path to Friendship. B. The Pain of Loneliness. C. How to Ask Questions. D. How to Turn Shy Into Popularity. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了孤独感以及如何主动交朋友。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段““I feel lonely and hopeless,” said Lisa, a bright teenager from a loving home. “It seems that nobody wants to become my friend. What’s wrong with me?”(“我感到孤独又绝望，”莉萨说。她是个聪明的少女，来自一个充满爱的家庭，“似乎没人愿意和我做朋友。我到底哪里不对劲？”)”可知，作者通过展示丽莎的担忧来开始这篇文章。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Because we are often afraid of rejection, many of us are unwilling to reach out to others.(因为我们经常害怕被拒绝，所以我们中的许多人不愿意向别人伸出援手。)”可知，害怕被拒绝阻止了许多人交朋友。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Be sure to ask questions that cannot be replied with “yes” or “no”. For example, don’t ask “Do you have a dog?” Instead, say “So, tell me about your pets.”(一定要问那些不能用“是”或“否”回答的问题。比如，别问“你有狗吗？”，可以说“跟我说说你的宠物吧”。)”可知，问开放式问题是一个好的对话开始方式。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Like Lisa, many of us experience loneliness.(和莉萨一样，我们很多人都经历过孤独。)”和第四段“If making friends is your goal as well, you need to consider taking some measures.(如果交友也是你的目标，不妨考虑采取以下措施)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了孤独感以及如何主动交朋友，所以这篇文章的最佳标题是“通往友谊之路”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安铁一中滨河高级中学·期中）Would you hang out with R2-D2 if you got the chance? In the Star Wars movies, droids appear to form meaningful friendships with people. In real life, however, robots can’t actually care about anyone or anything--at least, not yet. Today’s robots can’t feel emotions. They also have no self-awareness. But that doesn’t mean they can’t act friendly in ways that help and support people. Relating to robots can have its benefits. Other people won’t always be available when someone needs to talk or get a hug. The COVID-19 pandemic taught us all how difficult it can be when it’s not safe to spend time in person with our loved ones. Although not ideal companions, social robots might be better than no one. Robots also can’t understand what people are saying or going through, so they can’t empathize. But they don’t really have to. Most people talk to their pets even though these animals don’t understand the words. The fact that an animal can react with a purr or a wagging tail is often enough to help someone feel a bit less lonely. Robots can serve a similar purpose. Similarly, robot hugs will never feel the same as actually hugging a loved one. However, mechanical hugs do have some upsides. Asking for a hug from someone, especially someone who is not a very close friend or family member, may feel scary or awkward. “A robot, however, is just there to help you for whatever you need,” says Block, a roboticist who built a machine that gives hugs. “It can’t care about you, but it also can’t judge or reject you.” Perhaps someday, someone will build a true R2-D2. Until then, social robots offer a new and interesting type of relationship. “Robots could be like friends,” says Robillard, a neuroscientist and expert in brain-health technology, “but also like a toy--and like a tool.” 1.What does the author think of a social robot according to Paragraph 2? A. It is a perfect friend. B. It is an interesting toy. C. It does more harm than good. D. It is better than nothing. 2.Why does the author mention pets in Paragraph 3? A. To prove robots can understand people. B. To show robots can perform a social function. C. To show robots are smarter than animals. D. To prove robots react to people’s needs. 3.What’s Block’s attitude towards robots? A. Confused. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Ambiguous. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. Do Robots Have Emotions? B. Are Robots Our Toys or Tools? C. Can Robots Be Our Friends? D. Do Robots Have Self-awareness? 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了机器人是否能够成为人类的朋友这一话题，表明社交机器人虽无情感，但能给人类提供陪伴和支持，带来一定的情绪价值和帮助。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Although not ideal companions, social robots might be better than no one.(社交机器人虽非理想伴侣，但总比没有强。)”可知，作者认为社交机器人要好过无人陪伴。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The fact that an animal can react with a purr or a wagging tail is often enough to help someone feel a bit less lonely. Robots can serve a similar purpose.(动物能通过咕噜声或摇尾巴做出回应的事实往往足以帮助人们减轻些许孤独感，而机器人也能起到类似的作用。)”可知，作者提到宠物时为了表明机器人也能够发挥社交功能。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段““A robot, however, is just there to help you for whatever you need,” says Block, a roboticist who built a machine that gives hugs. “It can’t care about you, but it also can’t judge or reject you.”(“然而，机器人只是在那里为你提供你需要的任何帮助，”制造出拥抱机器的机器人专家布洛克说道，“它无法真正关心你，但也绝不会评判或拒绝你。”)”可知，布洛克认为机器人既不能真心关心你，但也不会评判或拒绝你，只是提供你所需要的帮助，可见他持有客观的态度。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Would you hang out with R2-D2 if you got the chance?(如果有机会，你会和R2-D2一起出去玩吗？)”、“But that doesn’t mean they can’t act friendly in ways that help and support people.(但这并不意味着他们不能以友好的方式帮助和支持人们。)”和最后一段““Robots could be like friends,” says Robillard, a neuroscientist and expert in brain-health technology, “but also like a toy--and like a tool.”(“机器人可以像朋友一样，”脑健康技术专家、神经科学家罗比拉德说，“也可以像玩具——或者工具。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了机器人是否能够成为人类的朋友这一话题，表明社交机器人虽无情感，但能给人类提供陪伴和支持，带来一定的情绪价值和帮助。所以最佳标题为“机器人能成为我们的朋友吗？”。故选C。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·陕西西安高新第一中学·期中）The idea that too much screen time and digital dependence might harm our cognitive abilities — often called “digital dementia (痴呆)” — has been debated since psychiatrist Manfred Spitzer coined the term in 2012. Critics argue that outsourcing memory (like relying on smartphones for contact details) and passive media consumption, such as endless scrolling, could weaken mental sharpness. But is this really true, especially for older adults who have witnessed the digital revolution firsthand? A major 2024 study published in Nature Human Behaviour analyzed data from over 411,000 adults aged 50 and above. Surprisingly, it found that regular use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet was associated with a 58% lower risk of cognitive decline — a stronger protective effect than even physical exercise or maintaining healthy blood pressure. This doesn’t mean technology directly prevents dementia, but it suggests that staying digitally engaged may help keep the brain active. Learning new apps, resolving tech issues, and even online socializing could function like mental workouts, strengthening cognitive resilience (恢复力). In fact, technology aids instead of harming because it offers men tal stimulation, enhances social connection, and boosts independence via problem-solving.’ While this study is a relief, not all tech use is equal in its effects. Passive activities, like binge watching TV, may not offer the same benefits as interactive tasks, such as video calls or online learning. Additionally, too much screen time in younger people has been linked to attention problems and poor sleep — which could have long-term effects. As AI and brain-computer interfaces advance, older adults may gain even more tools to support cognition, from memory aids to virtual social companions. However, balance remains key. The best approach? Use technology actively — learn, connect, and problem-solve — rather than just consume. For now, older adults shouldn’t fear “digital dementia.” Instead, thoughtful tech use might be one of the best ways to keep their minds sharp in the digital age. 1.What does the 2024 study reveal about “digital dementia” compared with the popular idea? A. It draws a contrary conclusion. B. It agrees with Manfred Spitzer’ theory. C. It only occurs in older adults. D. It equals the effect of physical workouts. 2.Why can active digital use reduce the risk of cognitive decline? A. It can prolong our life. B. It can activate our brain. C. It can solve tricky issues. D. It can enhance our ability. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Reliability of the new study. B. Negative effects on the young. C. Downsides of passive tech use. D. Contrast between two tech uses. 4.What does the author suggest the elderly do in the last two paragraphs? A. Relieve their fear quickly. B. Get more tools to sharpen cognition. C. Consume technology simply. D. Make considered use of modern tech. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨“数字痴呆症”说法，研究表明老年人合理使用数字技术有益认知。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea that too much screen time and digital dependence might harm our cognitive abilities — often called “digital dementia (痴呆)” — has been debated since psychiatrist Manfred Spitzer coined the term in 2012.(自精神病学家曼弗雷德·斯皮策2012年提出“数字痴呆症”这一术语以来，关于过多的屏幕时间和数字依赖可能损害我们认知能力的观点就一直存在争议。)”以及第二段中的“A major 2024 study published in Nature Human Behaviour analyzed data from over 411,000 adults aged 50 and above. Surprisingly, it found that regular use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet was associated with a 58% lower risk of cognitive decline — a stronger protective effect than even physical exercise or maintaining healthy blood pressure.(2024年发表在《自然·人类行为》上的一项重大研究分析了41.1万多名50岁及以上成年人的数据。令人惊讶的是，研究发现，经常使用电脑、智能手机和互联网与认知能力下降风险降低58%相关——这种保护作用甚至比体育锻炼或保持健康血压更强。)”可知，2024年的研究与普遍认为的“数字痴呆症”观点结论相反。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This doesn’t mean technology directly prevents dementia, but it suggests that staying digitally engaged may help keep the brain active. Learning new apps, resolving tech issues, and even online socializing could function like mental workouts, strengthening cognitive resilience (恢复力).(这并不意味着技术能直接预防痴呆症，但它表明，保持数字参与可能有助于保持大脑活跃。学习新应用程序、解决技术问题，甚至在线社交都可以像脑力锻炼一样，增强认知恢复力。)”可知，积极使用数字技术能降低认知能力下降风险是因为它能激活我们的大脑。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“While this study is a relief, not all tech use is equal in its effects. Passive activities, like binge watching TV, may not offer the same benefits as interactive tasks, such as video calls or online learning.(虽然这项研究让人松了一口气，但并非所有的技术使用都有相同的效果。被动活动，比如疯狂看电视，可能不会提供与互动任务相同的好处，如视频通话或在线学习。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是被动使用技术的缺点。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, balance remains key. The best approach? Use technology actively — learn, connect, and problem-solve — rather than just consume.(然而，平衡仍然是关键。最好的方法是什么？积极使用技术——学习、联系和解决问题——而不仅仅是消费。)”以及最后一段中的“For now, older adults shouldn’t fear “digital dementia.” Instead, thoughtful tech use might be one of the best ways to keep their minds sharp in the digital age.(目前，老年人不应该害怕“数字痴呆症”。相反，在数字时代，深思熟虑地使用技术可能是保持思维敏锐的最佳方式之一。)”可知，作者建议老年人合理使用现代技术。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·陕西西安西光中学·期中）Have you ever talked about a product with a friend, and then seen an advertisement for it on your phone? This might feel like your phone is listening to you, but the truth is usually less mysterious and more about data. Apps and websites use tiny pieces of code called “cookies” to track your online activity. When you visit a website, cookies are stored on your browser. They remember your login information, what you clicked on, and how long you stayed on a page. This data helps websites remember you and your preferences. Another major tool is your search history. The words you type into search engines like Google paint a detailed picture of your interests, worries, and plans. If you search for “best running shoes,” it’s a strong signal that you might be interested in buying some. Furthermore, apps collect information about your device, location, and even how you interact with them — like which videos you watch until the end. All this data is collected and analyzed by algorithms. These algorithms can then predict what you might like or need next, and show you relevant advertisements. So, while it might seem like magic, it’s really just a complex process of data collection and analysis. Being aware of this can help you make smarter choices about your privacy online. 1.What is the main purpose of cookies according to the text? A. To make phones run faster. B. To track and remember user’s online activity. C. To prevent viruses from attacking devices. D. To improve the quality of advertisements. 2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Apps. B. Phones. C. Cookies. D. Websites. 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as data collected by apps? A. Your search history. B. Your location information. C. Your private messages. D. Your interaction with the app. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text? A. To warn people not to use smartphones. B. To explain how online advertising works. C. To introduce the latest apps in technology. D. To encourage people to learn about algorithms. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章解释了聊产品后手机出现相关广告的现象：并非手机监听，而是通过Cookie、搜索历史、应用数据等收集分析用户信息，算法预测需求推送广告，提醒用户关注网络隐私。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Apps and websites use tiny pieces of code called “cookies” to track your online activity. When you visit a website, cookies are stored on your browser. They remember your login information, what you clicked on, and how long you stayed on a page. This data helps websites remember you and your preferences.(应用程序和网站会使用名为“cookies”的微小代码片段来追踪你的在线活动。当你访问某个网站时，这些cookies会被存储在你的浏览器中。它们会记住你的登录信息、你点击的内容以及你在某个页面停留的时长。这些数据有助于网站记住你及你的偏好设置)”可知，Cookies的主要用途是用于跟踪并记住用户的在线活动。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When you visit a website, cookies are stored on your browser.(当你访问某个网站时，这些cookies会被存储在你的浏览器中)”以及后文“remember your login information, what you clicked on, and how long you stayed on a page(会记住你的登录信息、你点击的内容以及你在某个页面停留的时长)”可知，前一句提及cookies被存储在浏览器中，后一句描述“它们”能记住用户的登录信息等，由此可推知“they”指代前文的cookies。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Another major tool is your search history.(另一个重要的工具就是你的搜索记录)”以及第四段“Furthermore, apps collect information about your device, location, and even how you interact with them — like which videos you watch until the end.(此外，应用程序会收集有关您设备、位置以及您与之互动的方式（比如您是否会一直看完整个视频）等信息)”可知，私人消息并非应用程序所收集的数据。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever talked about a product with a friend, and then seen an advertisement for it on your phone? This might feel like your phone is listening to you, but the truth is usually less mysterious and more about data.(你是否曾与朋友讨论过某款产品，然后在手机上看到了该产品的广告？这可能会让你觉得手机在“倾听”你的话语，但其实通常情况并非如此神秘莫测，而是更多地与数据有关)”及全文内容可知，文章开篇以“和朋友谈论产品后就看到相关广告”的现象引出话题，随后分别介绍了cookies、搜索历史、应用程序收集数据的方式，最后说明算法通过分析这些数据推送相关广告，核心是解释在线广告的运作原理。由此推断，作者撰写这篇文章的主要目的是说明在线广告是如何运作的。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山西阳泉市第一中学·期中）Novelists have different ways of describing laughter. Characters can wear a big smile, be all smiles, crack a smile, grin from ear to ear, break into a smile and so on. The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity. However, it may be wrong. A new study led by Dr. Reza Kamiloglu, provides evidence that there are just two main types of laughter: one generated when people find something funny and one that can be caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒). Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified, ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. All other forms of laughter, whether they came from viewing stand-up comedy or practical jokes, were difficult to tell apart. This suggested there was something unique about the tickling laughter. When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time. The findings made scientists reflect on the roots of laughter. After all, humans are not the only animals that can laugh and tickle. This points to the fact that laughter from tickling developed over 10 million years ago. This early sort of laughter probably developed to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations. As for other forms of laughter, they probably developed millions of years after tickling, when human brain became complex enough to understand deeper meanings. 1.What does the underlined word ‌“it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The richness of human language. B. The approach to describing laughter. C. The idea of countless kinds of laughter. D. The complexity of classifying laughter. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The contents of the videos. B. The process of the research. C. The methods of generating laughter. D. The working principle of the algorithm. 3.What can we learn from the research findings? A. Tickling laughter developed much later than others. B. Tickling laughter is unique to humans. C. Primates use tickling to build pleasant relationships. D. Humans’ laughter is far more complex than primates’. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. The Origin of Laughter: All Starts from Tickling. B. Laughter in Animals: How do Primates Build Relations? C. The Language of Laughter: How do Writers Describe Joy? D. Types of Laughter: Humans Laugh in Two Different Ways 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究通过收集和分析视频，利用机器学习算法和人类观察者对笑声进行分类，发现笑声主要分为因觉得有趣而产生的笑声和因挠痒痒而产生的笑声两种类型。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity. However, it may be wrong.(语言的丰富性可能表明笑声具有无限的多样性。然而，它可能是错误的)”可知，前文提到语言的丰富性暗示笑声有无限多样性，而“However”表示转折，说明这种认为笑声有无数种类的观点可能是错误的。故“it”指代的是上文中“认为笑声有无数种类”这一观点。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified, ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. All other forms of laughter, whether they came from viewing stand-up comedy or practical jokes, were difficult to tell apart. This suggested there was something unique about the tickling laughter. When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time.(Kamiloglu博士指示助手收集887个视频，然后对这些视频进行分类，从挠痒痒攻击到因其他因素而笑。大约70%的视频被用来训练一个机器学习算法，以根据原因对笑声进行分类。然后，该算法被要求对剩下的30%进行分类，并正确识别出62.5%的挠痒痒产生的笑声。所有其他形式的笑声，无论是看单口喜剧还是恶作剧，都很难区分。这表明挠痒痒的笑声有其独特之处。当Kamiloglu博士再次进行实验，要求人类观察者对笑声进行分类时，结果显示类似：人类观察者正确识别出61.2%的挠痒痒笑声)”可知，第三段主要介绍了研究的过程，包括收集视频、训练算法、分类笑声以及人类观察者的参与。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings made scientists reflect on the roots of laughter. After all, humans are not the only animals that can laugh and tickle. This points to the fact that laughter from tickling developed over 10 million years ago. This early sort of laughter probably developed to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations.(这一发现促使科学家们重新审视笑的起源。毕竟，人类并非唯一会因挠痒痒发笑的动物。这表明因挠痒痒发笑的行为早在1000万年前就已形成。这种早期的笑很可能是为了帮助灵长类动物建立友好关系而演化产生的)”可$函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.B 主题语境04人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D 主题语境05人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.C 115 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.B3.B4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.C Passage 5 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D Passage 6 【答案】1.D2.A3.D4B Passage 7 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 主题语境06人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D 215 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.B3.C 主题语境03人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C 主题语境04人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D 主题语境05人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.A 主题语境06人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D 3/5 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4D Passage 5 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D 主题语境07人与自然-灾害防范 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C 主题语境08人与自然-环境 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.A3.D4C Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B 主题语境09人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 415 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B 主题语境04人与自然-环境 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D 5/5