【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第2讲 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage（核心词块与动词短语）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册（教师版+学生版）

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 精品讲义2026 秋 高一（上）英语 · 新教材人教版必修二 第 2 讲　核心词块与动词短语 词汇巩固（学生版） 【课时安排】120 分钟（2 课时连排） 【学习目标】① 能判断一个 to 是介词还是不定式，并说出判据；② 能据宾语判断 to 家族词块的正负语义；③ 能判断 committee 类集合名词在句中的单复数。 【本讲导航】核心：判断 to 的身份。附带：to 家族正负语义、集合名词主谓一致、名词可数性。 一、撞墙导入　★（限时 4 分钟） 先做题，做完再听讲——这 4 题你现在就能动手。每填一个空，都在题号旁标上“这个 to 是介词还是不定式”。 1. Too much tourism may lead ________ the damage of ancient buildings. 2. The local government ________ (attempt) to restore the old town last year. 3. Traditional protection methods have given way ________ digital technology. 4. The villagers' carelessness led them ________ (lose) the old bridge. 【答案与解析】1. ________（to 的身份：________）　2. ________（to 的身份：________） 3. ________（to 的身份：________）　4. ________（to 的身份：________） 我的发现：四题、四个 to，共 ________ 种身份；第 ________ 题与第 ________ 题是同一个动词 lead，身份却不同。 更麻烦的是——第 1 题和第 4 题，是同一个动词 lead。学生时代你见得最多的 to do —— want to do、try to do、decide to do —— 只是 to 的第二副面孔。to 的第一副面孔，是介词。而介词 to 出现的次数，比不定式 to ________。 把这两副面孔混在一起，contribute to do、give way for、from done，这些错就全从这里长出来。同一个 to 挂在不同动词后，就是不同意思。介词是支点，支点一换，意思就翻盘。 二、核心精讲 （一）两条判断 判断 1：to 的身份，看前面的动词　【必考】　★★ 先看 to 前面那个动词。 有的动词自己能带宾语——attempt sth、decide sth、want sth。这是完整动词。有的动词自己带不了宾语，必须靠 to 才能接下去——contribute、lead、give way、turn、date back、look forward。这是半个动词。 每次遇到 to，先问一句：这个动词是完整的还是半个的？ 完整 → to 是 ________，后面接 ________；半个 → to 是 ________，后面接 ________。 请逐个判断（写“完整”或“半个”）：attempt ________　decide ________　want ________　contribute ________　lead ________　give way ________　turn ________　date back ________　look forward ________ 但还有更麻烦的——同一个动词，可能两种身份都有。 lead sb to do sth —— 这里的 lead 及物，后面接了 sb，to 是 ________。 lead to doing —— 这里的 lead 不及物，to 是 ________。 记住一句话：to 的身份不只由动词决定，还要看 ________ 在哪。 判断 2：to 家族四兄弟，正负看宾语　【必考】　★★ contribute to、lead to、give way to、turn to sb —— 先别急着记结论，这四个 to 的身份请你自己判一遍；再看它们的“方向”有什么不一样。先读方向提示，再在右栏写下你的概括。 词块 to指向谁（方向提示） 我的概括 contribute to 最像“捐”。你把东西送到对方那边去，对方是受益者。 ________ lead to 指向终点。原因走出去，结果落在那里。 ________ give way to 指向压过来的那一方。弱的让开，强的占住。 ________ turn to sb 指向你想靠的人。走投无路的时候，转身找谁。 ________ 四个 to，四种“送”法。共同点都是“往那边去”，不同点是去谁那里。支点没变，方向变了。 正负不看 to，看宾语。请判断正负并写出词义： contribute to progress ________（词义：________）　　contribute to pollution ________（词义：________） lead to success ________（词义：________）　　lead to damage ________（词义：________） 有一个常被忽略的问题：contribute to the decline —— decline 是“下降”，属负面，所以是“导致”。判断标准是：宾语含“增减、进展”的意思吗？含，就看它往哪个方向走。试一试：contribute to the decline ________（词义：________）。 （二）五个核心动词块（都围绕 to 的身份） 1. contribute to　【必考】　★★ 先自己判：contribute 能直接带宾语吗？________。所以 contribute 后面的 to 是 ________，它引出 ________。 宾语决定正负：progress 是“________”，pollution 是“________”。 最常见的错是 contribute to do —— 请写下它错在哪：________。 派生：contribute（v.）→ ________（n. 贡献）→ ________（n. 贡献者）。 【例句】As The Guardian put it in November 2024: "The barriers now hold back the Adriatic where they once yielded." A decade of funding has contributed to protecting Venice's Renaissance flood barriers. 【长难句拆解】　★★ What the local volunteers have done, together with the funds donated by enterprises, has contributed to protecting the ancient town from falling into ruin. ① 主语由什么从句充当？________（提示：看 What） ② 主语和谓语之间插入了哪一部分？________ ③ 这里的 to 是什么身份？为什么 to 后面是 -ing？________ ④ from falling into ruin 在句中交代什么？________ 【阶梯变式】 L2 Regular exercise ________ (contribute) to good health. L3 These measures have contributed to ________ (preserve) the old town. L4 Their joint efforts contributed to ________ (prevent) the wall from falling down. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________。 判据：________。规律：contribute to 的 to 是 ________。 Unit 1 全文讲的就是“谁在为文化遗产做什么”。志愿者贡献时间，企业捐赠资金，专家促成保护。这一讲最要紧的动词，就是 contribute。 2. lead to　【必考】　★★★ lead 是“两可动词”——和 turn 一样，及物和不及物两副面孔。请先把两副面孔补齐： lead sb to do sth：lead ________（及物／不及物），接 sb，to 是 ________，后面接 ________。 lead to sth / doing：lead ________（及物／不及物），to 是 ________，后面接 ________。 结果正负看宾语：lead to success ________，lead to damage ________。 【例句】The World Monuments Fund warned in its 2025 watch list that rising sea levels have led to serious damage to coastal heritage sites across the Mediterranean. 【长难句拆解】　★★★ What the volunteers did led the whole town to rethink the value of its old houses, and that eventually led to a broader awareness of heritage protection. ① 前半句里 lead 后面紧跟着什么成分？________（据此判 to 的身份：________） ② to rethink 是 ________（介词／不定式），理由是 ________。 ③ 后半句 led to 后的 a broader awareness 是 ________（词性），所以这里的 to 是 ________。 ④ 同一句里 lead 的两副面孔都出现了——各抄一处：to 不定式 ________；to 介词 ________。 【阶梯变式】 L2 Too much noise ________ (lead) to health problems. L3 Careless tourism has led to ________ (damage) the ancient town. L4 The villagers' carelessness led them ________ (lose) the old bridge. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________。 判据：________。规律：lead 及物时 to ________，不及物时 to ________；看 ________ 位置。 3. give way to　【高频易错】　★★ 三义：旧事物被取代，建筑倒塌，人让步。请先各举一例：________；________；________。 介词永远是 to，不是 for —— 请把理由写在这里：________。 【例句】Traditional protection methods have given way to digital technology, as UNESCO's 2024 review of the Mogao Grottoes noted. 【长难句拆解】　★★ The old theatre, which had stood in the centre of the town for over a century, finally gave way to a modern shopping centre last year. ① which 指代什么？________ ② 主句的谓语词块是 ________，to 引出的是 ________（谁取代了谁？________） ③ 本句 give way to 取三义中的哪一个？________ 【阶梯变式】 L2 Old customs have gradually given way ________ modern lifestyles. L3 The roof gave way ________ the pressure of the heavy snow. L4 Traditional methods have given way to ________ (digit) technology. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________。 判据：________。 Unit 1 讲的是老的东西怎么活下来。give way to 三个意思，正好是这个单元的三条线——老墙会塌，旧办法会被换掉，但真正想保住的东西，最后是让出来的。让，不等于输。 4. turn to sb for help　【高频易错】　★★★ turn 也是“两可动词”。请把两种结构补齐： turn to sb：turn ________（及物／不及物），to 是 ________，后接 ________。 turn to do sth：turn ________（及物／不及物），to 是 ________，后接 ________。 同一个 turn，两种结构，看 to 后面接的是 ________ 还是 ________。 还有 turn against（转而反对）—— 它靠什么判断？________。 【例句】When the flood destroyed the village, many residents turned to the local government for help. 【长难句拆解】　★★★ When faced with difficulties that they could not solve by themselves, many students turned to online lessons for help, which proved to be a useful way. ① When faced with ... 省略了什么？________ ② that 引导的定语从句修饰哪个词？________ ③ 主句的词块是 ________，其中的 to 是 ________。 ④ which 指代什么？________ 【阶梯变式】 L2 When in trouble, she turned ________ her parents for help. L3 Many people turned to ________ (online) courses for help. L4 He turned ________ his former friend after the quarrel. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________（提示：想想 turn against）。 判据：________。 “求助”是 Unit 1 的一个情节。居民向政府求助，政府向专家求助，游客向讲解员求助。这个单元里的人，几乎都在寻求帮助。 5. attempt to do　【必考】　★★ 本讲八个动词块里，只有一个 to 是不定式的——它就是 attempt。把理由写在横线上：________。 attempt 是完整动词（attempt sth 说得通吗？________），所以它的 to 是 ________，后面接 ________。 它和 contribute / lead / give way / turn 正好是一对：后四个是“________ to”，它是“________ to”。 完形里后文出现 but failed，多半选 ________（含“尝试过却没成”）。也可以作名词：make an attempt ________ do。 【例句】The engineer attempted to restore the broken stone with a traditional method, but failed. 【长难句拆解】　★★★ The engineer attempted to restore the broken stone with a traditional method, but failed — the committee later turned to a digital approach instead, which prevented the stone from being further damaged. ① attempted to restore 中的 to 是 ________，理由是 ________。 ② turned to a digital approach 中的 to 是 ________，理由是 ________。 ③ prevented ... from being further damaged 属于 ________ 家族，from 是 ________，被动用 ________。 ④ 一句话里四种 to 的身份全部现身——按出现顺序写下来：________。 【阶梯变式】 L2 He ________ (attempt) to solve the problem but gave up. L3 She made an attempt ________ (learn) French last year. L4 They attempted ________ (restore) the temple, but the funds ran out. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________。 规律：attempt 是 ________ 动词，它的 to 永远是 ________。 （三）三个边缘动词块 6. prevent / stop / keep ... from doing　【必考·高频易错】　★★★ from 是介词。三个动词里，keep 最固执——它的 from 不能省。 prevent 和 stop 是“堵”，堵住了事就完了，from 加不加无所谓；keep 是“一直守”——没 from 就少了持续的那个力道，守不住。 请收口：prevent 和 stop 的 from ________（可省／不可省）；keep 的 from ________。被动形式统一是 from ________ done。 最常见的错有两个：见 prevent 就填 to do；被动写成 from done。请把第二个错的正确形式写在这里：from ________ ________。 【例句】As BBC Culture reported in March 2025: "Volunteer programs at Angkor Wat have enabled local communities to take part in restoration work that was once reserved for foreign experts." 【长难句拆解】　★★★ Although the committee, which consists of ten experts, was divided at first, joint efforts eventually prevented the heritage site from being further damaged by seasonal floods. ① Although 引导什么从句？________ ② which 修饰哪个词？________；委员会是十个人，谓语为什么这么用？________ ③ prevented ... from 后的被动动作怎么写？________ ④ by seasonal floods 交代什么？________ 【阶梯变式】 L2 The campaign aims to prevent the site ________ (damage). L3 They kept the ancient books from ________ (destroy) in the fire. L4 We should take action to prevent such a tragedy from ________ (happen) again. 【答案与解析】L2 ________；L3 ________；L4 ________。 判据：________。 Unit 1 里“保护者”的核心动作，就是 prevent ... from。防止文物被破坏，防止游客伤害壁画，防止洪水冲走遗址。注意：这一组的关键介词是 from，不是 to——它属于另一条线。 7. donate ... to ...　【了解即可】　★ 结构是 donate 物 to 人／机构，不带双宾语。请写：donate + ________ + ________ + ________；能不能说 donate sb sth？________。 派生：donate（v.）→ ________（n. 捐赠／捐赠物）→ ________（n. 捐赠者）。 8. take part in　【了解即可】　★ “参加”家族四位，请把各自的宾语类型补上： join + ________；　join in + ________；　take part in + ________；　attend + ________。 漏 in 是最常见的错。把“参加讨论”写成 join the discussion 也是错——错在哪？________。 派生：take part in → ________（n. 参与者）→ ________（n. 参与）。 Unit 1 里“参加”是动作的落脚点。志愿者参加修复、学生参加调查、游客参加导览。这个单元讲的不是“谁保护了遗产”，而是“谁参与了保护”。 （四）四个名词块　【高频易错】　★★ 四个词，四个坑，一个对一个。别背答案，先自己想，再把四个坑填出来。 awareness：前面加不加 a？________　常用搭配：raise awareness ________ sth. donation：make ________ donation ________ ...（别漏冠词） ruin：in ________（别漏 s）；　fall into ________ contribution：make a contribution ________ ... （五）真实语篇中的词块调用　★★★（限时 6 分钟） 读下面这段（改写自 The Guardian 2024 年 11 月威尼斯防洪报道），完成两件事。 A decade of funding has ________ (1) protecting Venice's flood barriers. Before the barriers were built, the city's old floodgates often ________ (2) the rising water and were finally destroyed. After the disaster, the local government ________ (3) the national heritage fund ________ (4) help. Engineers ________ (5) repair the old gates but soon realized they could not ________ (6) the city ________ (7) being flooded again. Eventually, traditional gates ________ (8) modern barriers, and volunteers from across Italy ________ (9) the restoration work. Their efforts have ________ (10) the success of the project. 任务 1：先在语篇里直接填。 任务 2：用 contribute to / prevent ... from / take part in 三个词块，写一段 3 句英文，讲“志愿者如何保护一处文化遗产”。不少于 40 词。 【我的写作区】 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　5 ________ 6 ________　7 ________　8 ________　9 ________　10 ________ （六）高频易错速查表 易错点 判定信号 典型错例 to 身份 动词是完整的还是半个的 contribute to do to 家族正负 看宾语 lead to do from 家族 空后已有 from from done give way to 看主语与宾语的关系 give way for committee 看整体还是成员 一律按单数 date back to 主语是时间起点 is dated back to 三、课堂实战 A 档 · 基础　★（限时 3 分钟） 1. The government is taking steps to ________ the ancient town from flooding. 　　A. lead to　　B. prevent　　C. give way to　　D. turn to 2. Regular reading ________ a better understanding of history. 　　A. leads　　B. prevents　　C. contributes to　　D. attempts to 3. He ________ to climb the mountain alone but failed. 　　A. attempted　　B. donated　　C. gave way　　D. took part in 4. Thousands of students ________ the survey last week. 　　A. turned to　　B. led to　　C. attempted　　D. took part in 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________ B 档 · 能力　★★（限时 4 分钟） 1. The committee is made up ________ ten experts. 2. The old customs finally gave way ________ modern lifestyles. 3. She turned ________ the local guide for information. 4. Too many tourists have led ________ serious damage. 5. The government has taken steps to keep the bridge ________ being damaged. 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　5 ________ C 档 · 迁移　★★★（限时 6 分钟） 用“搭配—例句—派生—语境”四步加“to 身份判断法”，自学下列四个词块。 block off“封锁”——无 to。 date back to“追溯”——to 是 ________（date 是半个动词）。不加 be，常用一般现在时，主语单数时谓语用 ________ 形式。 look forward to“期待”——to 是 ________（look forward 是短语动词）。 be used to“习惯于”——to 是 ________（be used 是被动结构）。注意与 used to do“过去常常”不同，后者 to 是 ________。 填空： 1. The road was ________ (block) off during the restoration. 2. This temple ________ (date) back to the Ming Dynasty. 3. We are looking forward to ________ (visit) the heritage site. 4. The workers are used to ________ (work) in the rain. 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________ D 档 · 证伪　★★★★（限时 7 分钟） 前三档是“用方法”。这一档是“找方法的失效点”。 第 1 组 1. He turned ________ (look) at the ruins behind him.　　A. to look　　B. to looking 2. The villagers ________ the government for support during the flood.　　A. turned to　　B. turned 3. turn to 里的 to 是介词还是不定式？　　A. 一定是介词　　B. 一定是不定式　　C. 看语境 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________。 失效点：turn 上，“完整动词还是半个动词”的标准失效，得看 ________。 第 2 组 4. He led the team ________ (win) the award.　　A. to win　　B. to winning 5. Hard work leads ________ (success).　　A. to success　　B. to succeeding 【答案与解析】4 ________　5 ________。 同一动词 lead，及物时 to ________，不及物时 to ________。 第 3 组 6. 用一句话概括：to 身份判断法的最佳使用方法？ 我的概括： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 四、课堂小结 to 有两副面孔。一副是介词，一副是不定式。怎么判断？请把判据写在这里：________。 快检（不翻书，30 秒作答）： 1. to 有几种身份？判断依据是什么？ 2. give way to 里的 to，为什么不能用 for？ 3. lead to 与 lead sb to do 里的 to，哪个是介词？ 【答案与解析】 1 ________； 2 ________； 3 ________。 口诀（先自己填，再默写）： 介词是支点，一换就翻盘。to 有两副面孔——________ 和 ________；动词是 ________ 的还是 ________ 的，说了算；________ 位置定胜负。 【我的笔记】本讲最该记住的三句话： 1. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 五、课后巩固 （一）语法填空　★★★（限时 8 分钟　实际用时 ________　正确 ________ / 10） （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） The ancient town of Pingyao is famous for its well-__1__ (preserve) city walls. Years ago, the walls were __2__ danger of collapsing, so the local government set up a __3__ (committee) to deal with the problem. They have taken effective measures __4__ (prevent) the walls from __5__ (damage) further. Many volunteers have also made contributions __6__ the restoration, and some even __7__ (donate) their savings to support the project. Their work __8__ (date) back to the early 2010s, when the first plan was put forward. The success shows that every small action is __9__ (value) and worth __10__ (treasure). 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　5 ________ 6 ________　7 ________　8 ________　9 ________　10 ________ 错因归类勾选：□ to 身份　□ 词形变化　□ 介词搭配　□ 主谓一致　□ 词义理解 （二）动词块变形填空　★★★（限时 6 分钟） 从方框选词块填入第 1、3、4、5、7、8 空（每词块限用一次）；第 2、6 空填词块内部的介词。 give way to / contribute to / prevent ... from / attempt to / turn to / take part in Last spring, the old stone bridge in our village was in danger of falling down. The villagers decided to __1__ the local government __2__ help instead of waiting. An engineer __3__ repair it at first, but the work was too hard for one person. Soon more than fifty villagers __4__ the repair work. They worked together to __5__ the bridge __6__ being washed away by the summer flood. Their joint efforts __7__ the success of the project. In the end, the old bridge did not __8__ a modern one; it still stands today. 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________ 5 ________　6 ________　7 ________　8 ________ （三）介词填空　★★★（限时 4 分钟） The restoration of the old town started ten years ago. At first, many people turned __1__ the idea because it would cost a lot. But after a serious flood damaged the town, everyone realized the danger the ancient buildings were __2__. A special committee was set up __3__ deal with the problem. Volunteers from all walks of life joined __4__ the repair work. Thanks __5__ their efforts, the town now attracts more visitors than ever before. 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　5 ________ （四）写作迁移　★★★★（限时 12 分钟） 用下列词块，把中文要点转写成一段连贯的英文，每个词块至少用一次。 可用：prevent ... from doing / contribute to / give way to / turn to sb for help / take part in / attempt to / date back to 要点：古城墙可追溯到明朝，近年因雨水侵蚀即将倒塌；政府成立委员会并采取措施防止坍塌；居民向政府求助，大量志愿者参加修复；共同努力促成了古墙的保存。 【我的写作区】 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 自查勾选：□ 七个词块各用了一次　□ date back to 没加 be　□ prevent 后没漏 from　□ contribute to 后接的是 -ing （五）阅读理解　★★★（限时 8 分钟） （共 4 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 10 分） The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, a UNESCO World Heritage site dating back more than a thousand years, are famous for their wall paintings and statues. However, for decades the ancient caves were in danger of being damaged by sand, moisture and too many visitors. To prevent the treasures from being destroyed, a special committee was set up in the 1980s. It brought together experts from home and abroad, who took measures to control the temperature and humidity inside the caves. They also limited the number of visitors allowed in at one time, so that the paintings could be protected from the harm caused by human breath. In recent years, traditional protection methods have given way to digital technology. Instead of relying only on the physical caves, researchers are now creating high-definition digital copies of every painting. These copies contribute to scientific research and allow people around the world to enjoy the art without touching it. Volunteers and young students are also encouraged to take part in the protection work, passing down the responsibility to the next generation. 1. Why was a special committee set up in the 1980s? 　　A. To attract more tourists　　B. To protect the paintings from harm　　C. To build new caves　　D. To raise money 2. What can we learn about the digital copies? 　　A. Less useful than the real ones　　B. Kept only for local people　　C. Help both research and worldwide appreciation　　D. Take the place of the physical caves completely 3. "has given way to" in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. 　　A. has been replaced by　　B. has led to　　C. has contributed to　　D. has turned to 4. Best title? 　　A. The History of Dunhuang　　B. How to Protect the Mogao Grottoes　　C. The Life of Experts in the Desert　　D. Tourists and Ancient Caves 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　我的错因：________ （六）完形填空　★★★★（限时 12 分钟） （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years. Every year, millions of tourists come to visit its ancient streets and wooden houses. However, too much tourism has __1__ serious damage to the town. Some old buildings are __2__ danger of falling down. To __3__ the town from being destroyed, the local government has taken effective __4__. It has set up a special committee to __5__ the problem. Volunteers from different places have also __6__ the protection work. They __7__ to repair the broken walls, and their efforts have __8__ to the success of the project. Thanks to these measures, the old town has not __9__ to modern buildings. It still keeps its traditional beauty and __10__ back to the Ming Dynasty. In addition, a digital archive project __11__ launched last year, which aims to record every detail of the ancient architecture. The project __12__ the help of both professional photographers and local residents. So far, over five thousand images __13__ collected. These digital records will __14__ future research and education. The town's experience shows that heritage protection requires not only government action but also the __15__ of every citizen. 1. A. led　　B. contributed　　C. turned　　D. caused 2. A. of　　B. on　　C. in　　D. at 3. A. protect　　B. lead to　　C. give way to　　D. turn to 4. A. action　　B. measures　　C. effort　　D. ways 5. A. deal with　　B. lead to　　C. give way to　　D. turn to 6. A. prevented　　B. kept　　C. turned to　　D. taken part in 7. A. prevented　　B. attempted　　C. kept　　D. turned 8. A. prevented　　B. kept　　C. contributed　　D. turned 9. A. given way　　B. led　　C. turned　　D. contributed 10. A. dating　　B. dated　　C. to date　　D. dates 11. A. is　　B. was　　C. has　　D. had 12. A. prevents　　B. keeps　　C. requires　　D. turns to 13. A. has been　　B. were　　C. are　　D. have been 14. A. contribute to　　B. prevent　　C. keep　　D. turn to 15. A. prevention　　B. participation　　C. protection　　D. organization 【答案与解析】1 ________　2 ________　3 ________　4 ________　5 ________　6 ________　7 ________　8 ________ 9 ________　10 ________　11 ________　12 ________　13 ________　14 ________　15 ________ 回看错率最高的 6 题，每题写清“我错在哪”： 1 ________　9 ________　10 ________　11 ________　13 ________　15 ________ 六、易混词块快检卡 to 双身份 介词 to：动词是半个的——contribute、lead、give way、turn（求助义）、date back、look forward、be used。后接 ________。 不定式 to：动词是完整的——attempt、manage、decide、want。后接 ________。 两可：lead sb to do（________）对 lead to doing（________）；turn to sb（________）对 turn to do（________）。看 ________ 位置。 from 家族 prevent ... from、stop ... from、keep ... from。from 后接 ________，被动用 ________。prevent / stop 的 from ________，keep ________。 in 家族 take part in（活动并发挥作用）、join in（正在进行）、be made up of。 主谓一致 committee、team、class —— 看“整体决策”用 ________，看“成员各自行动”用 ________。 时间溯源 date back to 加 ________。不及物，不加 be，主语单数时谓语用 ________ 形式。 七、课后错因卡 把本讲做错的题抄在这里（至少三道），每道回答三个问题：① 当初填／选了什么？② 正确答案是什么？③ 错在“介词归属”“变形规则”还是“主谓一致”？ 1. 原题：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　我写的：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　正确答案：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　错因类型：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. 原题：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　我写的：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　正确答案：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　错因类型：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 原题：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　我写的：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　正确答案：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　错因类型：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 本讲最典型的三类错因：to 家族张冠李戴、from 后误接原形、集合名词误判主谓。 （第 2 讲 · 完） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 精品讲义2026秋高一（上）英语-新教材人教版必修二 第2讲 核心词块与动词短语 词汇巩固（教师班） 【课时安排】 120 分钟（2 课时连排） 【学习目标】 ① 判断一个 to 是介词还是不定式；② 据宾语判断 to 家族正负语义；③ 判断 committee 类集合名词的主谓一致。 【本讲导航】 核心：判断 to 的身份。附带：to 家族正负语义、集合名词主谓一致、名词可数性。 一、撞墙导入 1. Too much tourism may lead ______ the damage of ancient buildings. 2. The local government ______ (attempt) to restore the old town last year. 3. Traditional protection methods have given way ______ digital technology. 4. The villagers' carelessness led them ______ (lose) the old bridge. 做之前先问：每题里的 to，是介词还是不定式？ 1. to。介词。lead to"导致"。 2. attempted。不定式。attempt to do。 3. to。介词。give way to"让位"。 4. to lose。不定式。lead sb to do。 四题、四个 to、两种身份。第 2、4 题是不定式，第 1、3 题是介词。 更麻烦的是——第 1 题和第 4 题，是同一个动词 lead。 学生时代你见得最多的 to do——want to do、try to do、decide to do——只是 to 的第二副面孔。 to 的第一副面孔，是介词。而介词 to 出现的次数，比不定式 to 多得多。 把这两副面孔混在一起，contribute to do、give way for、from done，这些错就全从这里长出来。 同一个 to 挂在不同动词后，就是不同意思。介词是支点，支点一换，意思就翻盘。 二、核心精讲 （一）两条判断 判断 1：to 的身份，看前面的动词 先看 to 前面那个动词。 有的动词自己能带宾语——attempt sth、decide sth、want sth。这是完整动词。它后面的 to 是不定式，后面接原形。 有的动词自己带不了宾语，必须靠 to 才能接下去——contribute、lead、give way、turn、date back、look forward。这是半个动词。它后面的 to 是介词，后面接名词或 -ing。 每次遇到 to，先问一句：这个动词是完整的还是半个的？ 完整 → to 不定式。半个 → to 介词。 一句问，定身份。 但还有更麻烦的。 同一个动词，可能两种身份都有。 lead sb to do sth——这里的 lead 及物，后面接了 sb，to 是不定式。 lead to doing——这里的 lead 不及物，to 是介词。 同一个 lead，宾语位置决定 to 的身份。 最麻烦的就在这里——看到 lead 就以为"一定是介词 to"，看到 lead sb to do 就懵了。 记住一句话：to 的身份不只由动词决定，还要看宾语在哪。 判断 2：to 家族四兄弟，正负看宾语 contribute to、lead to、give way to、turn to——四个 to 都是介词，但它们的"方向"不一样。 contribute 的 to 最像"捐"。你把东西送到对方那边去，对方是受益者。 lead to 的 to 指向终点。原因走出去，结果落在那里。 give way to 的 to 指向压过来的那一方。弱的让开，强的占住。 turn to 的 to 指向你想靠的人。走投无路的时候，转身找谁。 四个 to，四种"送"法。共同点都是"往那边去"，不同点是去谁那里。 支点没变，方向变了。 正负不看 to，看宾语。 contribute to progress 是正面，contribute to pollution 是负面。lead to success 是正面，lead to damage 是负面。 有一个常被忽略的问题：contribute to the decline——decline 是"下降"，属负面，所以是"导致"。判断标准是：宾语含"增减、进展"的意思吗？ 含，就看它往哪个方向走。 （二）五个核心动词块（都围绕 to 的身份） 1. contribute to to 是介词。动词不及物，to 引出方向。 宾语决定正负。progress 是"有助于"，pollution 是"导致"。 最常见的错是 contribute to do。to 是介词，后面只能接名词或 -ing。 派生：contribution（n.），contributor（n.）。 例句： As The Guardian put it in November 2024: "The barriers now hold back the Adriatic where they once yielded." A decade of funding has contributed to protecting Venice's Renaissance flood barriers. 长难句： What the local volunteers have done, together with the funds donated by enterprises, has contributed to protecting the ancient town from falling into ruin. What 引导主语从句 together with... 插入语补充主语 has contributed to protecting（to 后动名词） from falling into ruin 补充保护对象 阶梯变式： L2 Regular exercise ______ (contribute) to good health. L3 These measures have contributed to ______ (preserve) the old town. L4 Their joint efforts contributed to ______ (prevent) the wall from falling down. 规律：contribute to 的 to 是介词。 Unit 1 全文讲的就是"谁在为文化遗产做什么"。 志愿者贡献时间，企业捐赠资金，专家促成保护。这一讲最要紧的动词，就是 contribute。 2. lead to to 是介词。lead 是"两可动词"——和 turn 一样，及物和不及物两副面孔。 lead sb to do sth：lead 及物，接 sb，to 是不定式，后接原形。 lead to sth / doing：lead 不及物，to 是介词，后接名词或 -ing。 结果正负看宾语。lead to success 正面，lead to damage 负面。 例句： The World Monuments Fund warned in its 2025 watch list that rising sea levels have led to serious damage to coastal heritage sites across the Mediterranean. 长难句： What the volunteers did led the whole town to rethink the value of its old houses, and that eventually led to a broader awareness of heritage protection. What 引导主语从句 led the whole town to rethink（lead sb to do，不定式） and 并列 led to a broader awareness（lead to + 名词，介词） 同一句里，lead 的两副面孔都出现了。 阶梯变式： L2 Too much noise ______ (lead) to health problems. L3 Careless tourism has led to ______ (damage) the ancient town. L4 The villagers' carelessness led them ______ (lose) the old bridge. 规律：lead 及物时 to 不定式，不及物时 to 介词。看宾语位置。 3. give way to 三义：旧事物被取代，建筑倒塌，人让步。 介词永远是 to，不是 for。 例句： Traditional protection methods have given way to digital technology, as UNESCO's 2024 review of the Mogao Grottoes noted. 长难句： The old theatre, which had stood in the centre of the town for over a century, finally gave way to a modern shopping centre last year. which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 theatre 主句 gave way to（to 引出被取代者） 时间状语 last year 阶梯变式： L2 Old customs have gradually given way ______ modern lifestyles. L3 The roof gave way ______ the pressure of the heavy snow. L4 Traditional methods have given way to ______ (digit) technology. Unit 1 讲的是老的东西怎么活下来。 give way to 三个意思，正好是这个单元的三条线——老墙会塌，旧办法会被换掉，但真正想保住的东西，最后是让出来的。 让，不等于输。 4. turn to sb for help to 是介词。turn 也是"两可动词"。 turn to sb：turn 不及物，to 是介词，后接人或物。 turn to do sth：turn 及物，to 是不定式，后接动作。 同一个 turn，两种结构。看 to 后面接的是人还是动作。 还有 turn against（转而反对），靠后接对象判断。 例句： When the flood destroyed the village, many residents turned to the local government for help. 长难句： When faced with difficulties that they could not solve by themselves, many students turned to online lessons for help, which proved to be a useful way. When faced with... 时间状语，省略主语 they that 引导定语从句修饰 difficulties 主句 turned to...for help which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰整句 阶梯变式： L2 When in trouble, she turned ______ her parents for help. L3 Many people turned to ______ (online) courses for help. L4 He turned ______ his former friend after the quarrel. "求助"是 Unit 1 的一个情节。居民向政府求助，政府向专家求助，游客向讲解员求助。这个单元里的人，几乎都在寻求帮助。 5. attempt to do 本讲八个动词块里，唯一一个 to 是不定式的。 就凭这一条，它该被记住。to 是介词的那些，学生凭"看 to 前面动词"就判断了；这个不行——attempt 是完整动词，它的 to 就是不定式。 它和 contribute / lead / give way / turn 正好是一对——后四个是"介词 to"，它是"不定式 to"。本讲的判断 1，就靠这一对托起来。 完形里后文出现 but failed，多半选 attempted to do——含"尝试过却没成"。 也可以作名词：make an attempt to do。 例句： The engineer attempted to restore the broken stone with a traditional method, but failed。 长难句： The engineer attempted to restore the broken stone with a traditional method, but failed——the committee later turned to a digital approach instead, which prevented the stone from being further damaged. attempted to restore（不定式 to，完整动词） but failed 对比 turned to a digital approach（介词 to，半个动词） prevented...from being further damaged（另一组介词） 一句话，四种 to 的身份，全部现身。 阶梯变式： L2 He ______ (attempt) to solve the problem but gave up. L3 She made an attempt ______ (learn) French last year. L4 They attempted ______ (restore) the temple, but the funds ran out. 规律：attempt 是完整动词，它的 to 永远是不定式——和 contribute / lead / give way / turn 是反面。 （三）三个边缘动词块 6. prevent / stop / keep...from doing from 是介词。 三个动词里，keep 最固执——它的 from 不能省。 prevent 和 stop 是"堵"，堵住了事就完了，from 加不加无所谓。keep 是"一直守"——没 from 就少了持续的那个力道，守不住。 记住一句：prevent 和 stop 可以不 from；keep 必须 from。 被动统一是 from being done。 最常见的错有两个：见 prevent 就填 to do；被动写成 from done。 例句： As BBC Culture reported in March 2025: "Volunteer programs at Angkor Wat have enabled local communities to take part in restoration work that was once reserved for foreign experts." 长难句： Although the committee, which consists of ten experts, was divided at first, joint efforts eventually prevented the heritage site from being further damaged by seasonal floods. Although 引导让步状语从句 which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 committee prevented...from being further damaged（被动动名词） by seasonal floods 引出施动者 阶梯变式： L2 The campaign aims to prevent the site ______ (damage). L3 They kept the ancient books from ______ (destroy) in the fire. L4 We should take action to prevent such a tragedy from ______ (happen) again. Unit 1 里"保护者"的核心动作，就是 prevent...from。防止文物被破坏，防止游客伤害壁画，防止洪水冲走遗址。 注意：这一组的关键介词是 from，不是 to——它属于另一条线。 7. donate...to... to 是介词。 结构是 donate 物 to 人/机构，不带双宾语。donate sb sth 是错的。 派生：donation（n.），donor（n.）。 8. take part in in 是介词。 "参加"家族四位。join 加组织；join in 加正在进行的活动；take part in 加活动并发挥作用；attend 加正式场合。 漏 in 是最常见的错。把"参加讨论"写成 join the discussion 也是错——join 接组织，不接活动。 派生：participant（n.），participation（n.）。 Unit 1 里"参加"是动作的落脚点。志愿者参加修复、学生参加调查、游客参加导览。这个单元讲的不是"谁保护了遗产"，而是"谁参与了保护"。 （四）四个名词块 四个词，四个坑，一个对一个—— awareness 不加 a。raise awareness of。具体化可转可数（a growing awareness of）。 donation 别漏 a。make a donation to。 ruin 别漏 s。in ruins；fall into ruin。 contribution 后面接 to。make a contribution to。 四个词，四个陷阱，一个对一个。不用背"三问"，把四个坑记住就行。 （五）真实语篇中的词块调用 读下面这段（改写自 The Guardian 2024 年 11 月威尼斯防洪报道），完成两件事。 A decade of funding has ______ (1) protecting Venice's flood barriers. Before the barriers were built, the city's old floodgates often ______ (2) the rising water and were finally destroyed. After the disaster, the local government ______ (3) the national heritage fund ______ (4) help. Engineers ______ (5) repair the old gates but soon realized they could not ______ (6) the city ______ (7) being flooded again. Eventually, traditional gates ______ (8) modern barriers, and volunteers from across Italy ______ (9) the restoration work. Their efforts have ______ (10) the success of the project. 任务 1：填空。 任务 2：用 contribute to / prevent...from / take part in 三个词块，写一段 3 句英文，讲"志愿者如何保护一处文化遗产"。不少于 40 词。 填空答案：1 contributed to｜2 gave way to｜3 turned to｜4 for｜5 attempted to｜6 prevent｜7 from｜8 gave way to｜9 took part in｜10 contributed to 参考改写：Volunteers took part in the restoration work at Angkor Wat, where they helped to clean and document ancient temples. Their efforts have contributed to protecting the site from further damage caused by weather and tourism. Without them, many statues would have been prevented from being restored in time. （六）高频易错速查表 易错点 判定信号 典型错例 to 身份 动词是完整的还是半个的 contribute to do to 家族正负 看宾语 lead to do from 家族 空后已有 from from done give way to 看主语与宾语的关系 give way for committee 看整体还是成员 一律按单数 date back to 主语是时间起点 is dated back to 三、课堂实战 A 档 · 基础 1. The government is taking steps to ______ the ancient town from flooding. A. lead to　B. prevent　C. give way to　D. turn to 2. Regular reading ______ a better understanding of history. A. leads　B. prevents　C. contributes to　D. attempts to 3. He ______ to climb the mountain alone but failed. A. attempted　B. donated　C. gave way　D. took part in 4. Thousands of students ______ the survey last week. A. turned to　B. led to　C. attempted　D. took part in 答案：1 B｜2 C｜3 A｜4 D B 档 · 能力 1. The committee is made up ______ ten experts. 2. The old customs finally gave way ______ modern lifestyles. 3. She turned ______ the local guide for information. 4. Too many tourists have led ______ serious damage. 5. The government has taken steps to keep the bridge ______ being damaged. 答案：1 of｜2 to｜3 to｜4 to｜5 from C 档 · 迁移 用"搭配—例句—派生—语境"四步加"to 身份判断法"，自学下列四个词块。 block off"封锁"——无 to。 date back to"追溯"——to 是介词（date 是半个动词）。不加 be，常用一般现在时，单数用 dates。 look forward to"期待"——to 是介词（look forward 是短语动词）。 be used to"习惯于"——to 是介词（be used 是被动结构）。注意与 used to do"过去常常"不同，后者 to 是不定式。 填空： 1. The road was ______ (block) off during the restoration. → blocked 2. This temple ______ (date) back to the Ming Dynasty. → dates 3. We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the heritage site. → visiting 4. The workers are used to ______ (work) in the rain. → working D 档 · 证伪 前三档是"用方法"。这一档是"找方法的失效点"。 第 1 组 1. He turned ______ (look) at the ruins behind him. A. to look　B. to looking 2. The villagers ______ the government for support during the flood. A. turned to　B. turned 3. turn to 里的 to 是介词还是不定式？ A. 一定是介词　B. 一定是不定式　C. 看语境 答案：1 A（to look，不定式）｜2 A（to，介词）｜3 C turn 上，"完整动词还是半个动词"的标准失效。得看宾语位置是人还是动作。 第 2 组 4. He led the team ______ (win) the award. A. to win　B. to winning 5. Hard work leads ______ (success). A. to success　B. to succeeding 答案：4 A（lead sb to do，不定式）｜5 A/B 均可（lead to + 名词或 -ing，介词） 同一动词 lead，及物时 to 是不定式，不及物时 to 是介词。 第 3 组 6. 用一句话概括：to 身份判断法的最佳使用方法？ 参考：先看动词是完整的还是半个的。遇到 turn、lead 这类两可动词，看宾语位置——宾语是人或物，to 是介词；宾语位置空出、后接动作，to 是不定式。 四、课堂小结 to 有两副面孔。一副是介词，一副是不定式。 怎么判断？动词是完整的还是半个的，说了算；宾语位置定胜负。 快检： 1. to 有几种身份？判断依据是什么？ 2. give way to 里的 to，为什么不能用 for？ 3. lead to 与 lead sb to do 里的 to，哪个是介词？ 参考： 1. 两种。看 to 前动词是完整的还是半个的。 2. give way 是半个动词，后面必须靠介词 to 才能带宾语——to 是固定搭配，不能换成 for。 3. lead to 的 to 是介词；lead sb to do 的 to 是不定式。 口诀： 介词是支点，一换就翻盘。to 有两副面孔——介词和不定式；动词是完整的还是半个的，说了算；宾语位置定胜负。 五、课后巩固 （一）语法填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） The ancient town of Pingyao is famous for its well-__1__ (preserve) city walls. Years ago, the walls were __2__ danger of collapsing, so the local government set up a __3__ (committee) to deal with the problem. They have taken effective measures __4__ (prevent) the walls from __5__ (damage) further. Many volunteers have also made contributions __6__ the restoration, and some even __7__ (donate) their savings to support the project. Their work __8__ (date) back to the early 2010s, when the first plan was put forward. The success shows that every small action is __9__ (value) and worth __10__ (treasure). 答案：1 preserved｜2 in｜3 committee｜4 to prevent｜5 being damaged｜6 to｜7 donated｜8 dates｜9 valuable｜10 treasuring （二）动词块变形填空 从方框选词块填入第 1、3、4、5、7、8 空（每词块限用一次）；第 2、6 空填词块内部的介词。 give way to / contribute to / prevent...from / attempt to / turn to / take part in Last spring, the old stone bridge in our village was in danger of falling down. The villagers decided to __1__ the local government __2__ help instead of waiting. An engineer __3__ repair it at first, but the work was too hard for one person. Soon more than fifty villagers __4__ the repair work. They worked together to __5__ the bridge __6__ being washed away by the summer flood. Their joint efforts __7__ the success of the project. In the end, the old bridge did not __8__ a modern one; it still stands today. 答案：1 turn to｜2 for｜3 attempted to｜4 took part in｜5 prevent｜6 from｜7 contributed to｜8 give way to （三）介词填空 The restoration of the old town started ten years ago. At first, many people turned __1__ the idea because it would cost a lot. But after a serious flood damaged the town, everyone realized the danger the ancient buildings were __2__. A special committee was set up __3__ deal with the problem. Volunteers from all walks of life joined __4__ the repair work. Thanks __5__ their efforts, the town now attracts more visitors than ever before. 答案：1 against｜2 in｜3 to｜4 in｜5 to （四）写作迁移 用下列词块，把中文要点转写成一段连贯的英文，每个词块至少用一次。 可用：prevent...from doing / contribute to / give way to / turn to sb for help / take part in / attempt to / date back to 要点：古城墙可追溯到明朝，近年因雨水侵蚀即将倒塌；政府成立委员会并采取措施防止坍塌；居民向政府求助，大量志愿者参加修复；共同努力促成了古墙的保存。 参考范文 The ancient city wall, dating back to the Ming Dynasty, is a precious treasure of our town. In recent years, heavy rain has caused it to give way to erosion, and it was about to fall down. Some villagers attempted to repair it by themselves, but the work was too hard. To prevent the wall from collapsing, the local government set up a committee and took effective measures. Meanwhile, worried residents turned to the government for help, and a large number of volunteers took part in the repair work. Thanks to everyone's joint efforts, their work has contributed to the protection of this heritage site. 易错：date back to 不加 be；prevent 后必有 from；contribute to 后接动名词。 （五）阅读理解 （共 4 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 10 分） The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, a UNESCO World Heritage site dating back more than a thousand years, are famous for their wall paintings and statues. However, for decades the ancient caves were in danger of being damaged by sand, moisture and too many visitors. To prevent the treasures from being destroyed, a special committee was set up in the 1980s. It brought together experts from home and abroad, who took measures to control the temperature and humidity inside the caves. They also limited the number of visitors allowed in at one time, so that the paintings could be protected from the harm caused by human breath. In recent years, traditional protection methods have given way to digital technology. Instead of relying only on the physical caves, researchers are now creating high-definition digital copies of every painting. These copies contribute to scientific research and allow people around the world to enjoy the art without touching it. Volunteers and young students are also encouraged to take part in the protection work, passing down the responsibility to the next generation. 1. Why was a special committee set up in the 1980s? A. To attract more tourists　B. To protect the paintings from harm　C. To build new caves　D. To raise money 2. What can we learn about the digital copies? A. Less useful than the real ones　B. Kept only for local people　C. Help both research and worldwide appreciation　D. Take the place of the physical caves completely 3. "has given way to" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. has been replaced by　B. has led to　C. has contributed to　D. has turned to 4. Best title? A. The History of Dunhuang　B. How to Protect the Mogao Grottoes　C. The Life of Experts in the Desert　D. Tourists and Ancient Caves 答案：1 B｜2 C｜3 A｜4 B 解析：1 B——第一段说委员会成立是为了 protect the treasures from being destroyed。2 C——"contribute to scientific research"加"allow people around the world to enjoy"，既服务研究又让全世界欣赏。3 A——传统方法"让位"给数字技术，即 has been replaced by。4 B——全文核心是"如何保护"。 （六）完形填空 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years. Every year, millions of tourists come to visit its ancient streets and wooden houses. However, too much tourism has __1__ serious damage to the town. Some old buildings are __2__ danger of falling down. To __3__ the town from being destroyed, the local government has taken effective __4__. It has set up a special committee to __5__ the problem. Volunteers from different places have also __6__ the protection work. They __7__ to repair the broken walls, and their efforts have __8__ to the success of the project. Thanks to these measures, the old town has not __9__ to modern buildings. It still keeps its traditional beauty and __10__ back to the Ming Dynasty. In addition, a digital archive project __11__ launched last year, which aims to record every detail of the ancient architecture. The project __12__ the help of both professional photographers and local residents. So far, over five thousand images __13__ collected. These digital records will __14__ future research and education. The town's experience shows that heritage protection requires not only government action but also the __15__ of every citizen. 1. A. led　B. contributed　C. turned　D. caused 2. A. of　B. on　C. in　D. at 3. A. protect　B. lead to　C. give way to　D. turn to 4. A. action　B. measures　C. effort　D. ways 5. A. deal with　B. lead to　C. give way to　D. turn to 6. A. prevented　B. kept　C. turned to　D. taken part in 7. A. prevented　B. attempted　C. kept　D. turned 8. A. prevented　B. kept　C. contributed　D. turned 9. A. given way　B. led　C. turned　D. contributed 10. A. dating　B. dated　C. to date　D. dates 11. A. is　B. was　C. has　D. had 12. A. prevents　B. keeps　C. requires　D. turns to 13. A. has been　B. were　C. are　D. have been 14. A. contribute to　B. prevent　C. keep　D. turn to 15. A. prevention　B. participation　C. protection　D. organization 答案：D C A B A D B C A D B C D A B 重点解析（错率最高的 6 题）： 1 D。cause serious damage 动宾搭配。9 A。give way to"被取代"。10 D。date back to 一般现在时，主语 It 单数。11 B。project 与 launch 是被动关系，last year 一般过去时。13 D。images 复数，so far 现在完成时表被动。15 B。participate 的名词形式 participation。 六、易混词块快检卡 to 双身份 介词 to：动词是半个的——contribute、lead、give way、turn（求助义）、date back、look forward、be used。后接名词或 -ing。 不定式 to：动词是完整的——attempt、manage、decide、want。后接原形。 两可：lead sb to do（不定式）对 lead to doing（介词）；turn to sb（介词）对 turn to do（不定式）。看宾语位置。 from 家族 prevent...from、stop...from、keep...from。from 后接动名词，被动用 being done。prevent/stop 的 from 可省，keep 不省。 in 家族 take part in（活动并发挥作用）、join in（正在进行）、be made up of。 主谓一致 committee、team、class——看"整体决策"用单数，看"成员各自行动"用复数。 时间溯源 date back to 加时间点。不及物，不加 be，单数用 dates。 七、课后错因卡 把本讲做错的题抄在这里（至少三道），每道回答三个问题：① 当初填/选了什么？② 正确答案是什么？③ 错在"介词归属""变形规则"还是"主谓一致"？ 1. 原题：__________　我写的：__________　正确答案：__________　错因类型：__________ 2. 原题：__________　我写的：__________　正确答案：__________　错因类型：__________ 3. 原题：__________　我写的：__________　正确答案：__________　错因类型：__________ 本讲最典型的三类错因：to 家族张冠李戴、from 后误接原形、集合名词误判主谓。 （第2讲 · 完） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $