Unit 6 Mountains and rivers 山脉及河流（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制七年级上册

Unit 6 Mountains and rivers山脉及河流 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 270 介绍世界五大长河的地理信息，补充有关世界河流的趣味地理小知识。 PassageB 阅读理解 旅游说明文 约 220 介绍中国四季适合游览的山水景点，说明最佳游览时节与特色游玩项目。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 310 介绍长江国家文化公园，讲解项目规模、九江案例，兼顾文化保护与民生发展。 Passage2 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 240 介绍亚马孙河的地理特征、雨林物种，以及河流名字的神话由来。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 260 介绍珠穆朗玛峰，攀登磨炼意志，但也面临垃圾污染，呼吁保护珠峰环境。 Passage2 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 220 介绍俄罗斯奇特自然景观大石河，岩石构成不见水流，讲解规模与冰川成因。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 介绍长江概况、历史贡献、水污染现状与保护措施，呼吁保护母亲河。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 约 180 介绍森林、河流、山脉等自然环境，讲述破坏问题，呼吁人类保护大自然。 Passage A（世界上最长的五条河流） A river is a flowing, moving stream of water. Usually a river flows into an ocean, lake, pond, or even another river. Rivers can differ (不同) in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called as a river. Here are the five longest rivers in the world. The Nile The Nile is the longest in the world. It is about 6,670 kilometres long. It is located in the continent of Africa, mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Amazon The Amazon is about 6,480 kilometres long. It is located in the continent of South America and flows through several countries including Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. It enters the Atlantic Ocean. The Yangtze River Located in China, the Yangtze River is over 6,300 kilometres long and flows into the East China Sea. The Mississippi and the Missouri The river system of the Mississippi and the Missouri is the longest river system in North America. The Mississippi is about 6,021 kilometres long and the Missouri is 4,126 kilometres. The Mississippi flows south into the Gulf of Mexico. The Yenisei The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It’s about 5,539 kilometres long. There are 76 rivers in the world over 1,600 kilometres long. A lot of people think that rivers always flow south, but 4 of the l0 longest rivers in the world flow north. The United States alone has around 5 million kilometres of rivers. Four of the top 10 longest rivers flow through China at some point. 1．The Nile is about ________ kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. A．190 B．370 C．400 D．1,130 2．________ is the second longest river in the world. A．The Nile B．The Mississippi C．The Amazon D．The Yenisei 3．The Mississippi is located in ________. A．Africa B．South America C．North America D．Asia 4．The Yenisei River ends at ________. A．the Mediterranean Sea B．the Atlantic Ocean C．the Gulf of Mexico D．the Arctic Ocean 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Amazon is the only river in America. B．The Mississippi flows into the Pacific Ocean. C．All rivers in the world flow south. D．There are around 5 million kilometres of rivers in America. 6．The last paragraph mainly talks about ________. A．fun facts about world rivers B．in which direction most rivers flow C．rivers over 1,600 kilometres long in the world D．four longest rivers flowing through China 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上最长的五条河流。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“The Nile is the longest in the world. It is about 6,670 kilometres long.”以及“the Yangtze River is over 6,300 kilometres long”可知，尼罗河6670公里，长江6300公里，所以尼罗河比长江长6670-6300=370公里。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“ The Amazon is about 6,480 kilometres long.”可知，亚马孙河长约6480公里，仅次于尼罗河。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The river system of the Mississippi and the Missouri is the longest river system in North America.”可知，密西西比河位于北美洲。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean.”可知，叶尼塞河发源于蒙古，流经俄罗斯，流入北冰洋的喀拉海。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“The United States alone has around 5 million kilometres of rivers.”可知，美国有大约500万公里的河流。故选D。 6．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段是关于世界河流的有趣事实。故选A。 重难词汇梳理 1. flow /fləʊ/v. 流动；流淌 n. 水流 2. stream /striːm/n. 小溪，水流 3. pond /pɒnd/n. 池塘 4. strict /strɪkt/adj. 严格的 5. continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/n. 大陆，大洲 6. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/v. 位于；坐落于（常用被动 be located in） 7. kilometre /kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/n. 千米，公里 8. system /ˈsɪstəm/n. 系统；水系 9. several /ˈsevrəl/adj. 几个，若干 10. alone /əˈləʊn/adv. 单单，仅仅；独自 长难句解析 1. Usually a river flows into an ocean, lake, pond, or even another river. **翻译**：河流通常会汇入海洋、湖泊、池塘，甚至另一条河流。 **语法分析**：本句为主谓结构；`flow into` 固定短语，意为 “流入，汇入”；多个名词并列作宾语。 2. Rivers can differ in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called as a river. **翻译**：河流大小各不相同，没有严格的标准来界定一条水流要达到多大才能被称作河流。 **语法分析**：`differ in` 在…… 方面不同；`there be` 句型；`on` 后面接宾语从句`how big a flow of water must be`；不定式`to be called as a river`作目的状语。 参考译文 河流是持续流动的水体。河流通常会汇入海洋、湖泊、池塘，甚至另一条河流。河流大小各不相同，没有严格的标准界定一股水流需要达到多大规模，才能被称为河流。下面是世界上最长的五条河流。 ## 尼罗河 尼罗河是世界第一长河，全长约 6670 千米。它位于非洲大陆，大部分流经埃及和苏丹。它向北流入地中海。 ## 亚马孙河 亚马孙河全长约 6480 千米，地处南美洲，流经巴西、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔等多个国家，最终注入大西洋。 ## 长江 长江位于中国，全长 6300 多千米，最终流入东海。 ## 密西西比河与密苏里河 密西西比 - 密苏里水系是北美洲最长的水系。密西西比河全长约 6021 千米，密苏里河 4126 千米。密西西比河向南注入墨西哥湾。 ## 叶尼塞河 叶尼塞河发源于蒙古，流经俄罗斯，最终汇入北冰洋的喀拉海，全长约 5539 千米。 全世界共有 76 条长度超过 1600 千米的河流。很多人以为河流总是向南流淌，但世界十大长河里有四条是向北流的。仅美国一国，河流总长就有约 500 万千米。世界前十长河中，有四条在某一段流域流经中国。 Passage B（中国四个不同的季节适合去旅游的山水） China has many places of interest. You can have great tours in every season. Spring is the best time to visit Wuyuan in Jiangxi. The yellow flowers all over the hills make the villages look like a fairy-tale (童话的) world. You’ll have free time to walk across the beautiful countryside and enjoy the famous tea. The best time to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin is August. It’s usually sunny. Why not go to the Valley Float Stone Forest (石林) and Heaven Lake (天池) at the top? You’ll have time to take lots of photos. You can see all the colours of autumn near the Great Wall. It’s cool and dry, so it’s great for hiking (徒步旅行). You’d better walk on the Mutianyu Great Wall. There won’t be as many tourists as at the Badaling Great Wall, but it’s just beautiful. Sanya in Hainan is a great destination for a holiday in winter. You can get away from the cold. The three famous beaches, Yalong Bay Beach, Sanya Bay Beach and Dadonghai Beach, all have great sand. You’ll love swimming in the clear water. You can have a great time in different seasons! 1．What is a special activity you can enjoy in Wuyuan, Jiangxi? A．Playing on the beaches. B．Hiking along the Great Wall. C．Taking lots of beautiful photos. D．Walking across the countryside. 2．It’s best to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin in ________. A．March B．May C．August D．December 3．Why is the Mutianyu Great Wall recommended for a visit in autumn? A．It is warmer and drier. B．There are more tourists. C．It is cooler and less crowded. D．It has more entertainment facilities (设施). 4．The underlined word “destination” means ________. A．the place that someone is going to B．the place where people can buy foods C．a city which is suitable for swimming D．a holiday that lasts for a long time 5．Which activity is suggested when people visit the beaches in Sanya, Hainan? A．Climbing mountains. B．Swimming in clear water. C．Taking a ferry (渡船) ride. D．Visiting historical sites. 6．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Great Holidays in Every Season B．Interesting Places of Every City C．Beautiful Places in Every Season D．Different Colours in Every Season 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了在中国四个不同的季节适合去旅游的地方。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“You’ll have free time to walk across the beautiful countryside and enjoy the famous tea.”可知，在江西婺源你可以在乡间漫步。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The best time to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin is August.”可知，去吉林长白山参观的最好时间是八月。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“You can see all the colours of autumn near the Great Wall. It’s cool and dry, … There won’t be as many tourists as at the Badaling Great Wall”可知，秋天更凉爽，慕田峪长城的游客也相对少些。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Sanya in Hainan is a great destination for a holiday in winter.”可知，海南三亚是冬天度假的好去处。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第五段“You’ll love swimming in the clear water.”可知，在海南推荐的活动是在清澈的水中游泳。故选B。 6．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了在四个不同季节适合去旅行的地方。C选项“每个季节的美丽地方”为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 重难词汇梳理 1. place of interest /pleɪs ɒv ˈɪntrəst/n. 名胜古迹 2. tour /tʊə(r)/n. & v. 旅行，游览 3. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/n. 乡村，郊外 4. valley /ˈvæli/n. 山谷 5. destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/n. 目的地 6. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/n. 游客，旅行者 7. hike /haɪk/v. 徒步旅行 8. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 清澈的；清晰的 9. dry /draɪ/adj. 干燥的 10. fairy-tale /ˈfeəri teɪl/adj. 童话般的 长难句解析 1. The yellow flowers all over the hills make the villages look like a fairy-tale world. **翻译**：漫山遍野的黄花让村庄看起来如同童话世界一般。 **语法分析**：本句主干：`flowers make the villages look like...`；固定结构`make sb./sth. do sth.`（使某物……，make 后接不带 to 的不定式）；`all over the hills` 介词短语作后置定语，修饰 flowers；`look like` 意为 “看起来像”。 2. There won’t be as many tourists as at the Badaling Great Wall, but it’s just beautiful. **翻译**：这里的游客不会像八达岭长城那么多，但景色同样十分美丽。 **语法分析**：`as many...as` 同级比较结构，表示 “和…… 一样多”；`there won’t be` 是 there be 句型的一般将来时否定形式；but 连接并列分句表转折。 参考译文 中国有许多名胜古迹，一年四季都适合游览。 春天是游览江西婺源的最佳时节。漫山遍野的黄花，让村庄宛如童话世界。你可以悠闲漫步在美丽的乡间，品尝当地有名的茶叶。 八月是游览吉林长白山的最佳时间。这时通常天气晴朗。不妨去峡谷浮石林和山顶的天池看一看，你会有充足时间拍摄大量照片。 在长城附近，你能欣赏到五彩斑斓的秋日景色。天气凉爽干燥，非常适合徒步。你最好去慕田峪长城。这里游客不像八达岭长城那么多，但风景同样秀美。 海南三亚是冬季度假的好去处。你可以远离严寒。亚龙湾、三亚湾和大东海这三处知名海滩都拥有优质沙滩。你会喜欢在清澈的海水中游泳。 一年四季，你都能拥有美好的旅途！ Passage1 （2025年内蒙古自治区中考） The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to the Chinese people and is often called the “mother river”. It is not just a natural wonder—it is also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and socialist advanced cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates the “Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality of people’s life there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many fields such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It draws a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) between nature, the people and the cities. 1．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example for other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. 2．What’s the purpose of listing numbers in paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To stress the influence of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The culture. B．The project. C．The history. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要聚焦长江国家文化公园的建设意义与实施成效，强调其对保护长江文化、增强文化自信及促进区域发展的多重价值。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River.”可知，如何保护长江文化并增强文化自信，成为了长江沿岸地区面临的新任务。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第三段列举了文化遗产、城镇、博物馆等具体数据，目的是强调该项目的规模和重要性。故选B。 3．代词指代题。根据“The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many fields such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It draws a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) between nature, the people and the cities.”可知，长江国家文化公园项目在水资源保护、社会发展以及学生教育项目等方面都具有重要意义。它描绘了一幅新的画卷，展现了自然、人民与城市之间的和谐共生。所以此处It指的是“长江国家文化公园项目”。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要聚焦长江国家文化公园的建设意义与实施成效，选项C“长江国家文化公园”符合主题，故选C。 重难词汇梳理 1. symbol /ˈsɪmbl/n. 象征，标志 2. nation /ˈneɪʃn/n. 民族；国家 3. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj. 文化的 4. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n. 信心 5. intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/adj. 无形的 6. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/n. 遗产 7. revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənri/adj. 革命的 8. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/n. 社区，群体 9. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/n. 资源 10. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/n. 和谐 长难句解析 1. The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. **翻译**：长江，也叫 Yangtze River，是世界上最长的河流之一。 **语法分析**：`also known as the Yangtze River` 过去分词短语作插入定语，相当于 which is also known as…；固定结构`one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数`，意为 “最…… 之一”。 2. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. **翻译**：长江国家文化公园同时也是一项重要的 “国家公园” 项目，它横跨 13 个省份，拥有 841 项国家级非物质文化遗产项目、465 座历史文化名城、名镇、名村以及 91 座国家级博物馆。 **语法分析**：`which`引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The Yangtze River National Cultural Park；`with`介词短语作后置定语，用来介绍公园所包含的各类文化资源；`as well as` 意为 “以及”，用于并列名词。 Passage2 （2024年山东省淄博市中考英语真题） The Amazon is one of the world’s longest rivers, second only to the Nile in Africa. Beginning from the Andes Mountains in Peru, the Amazon runs 4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is usually about one to six miles wide. During the rainy season, it can be as much as 20 miles wide in some areas. It is also one of the deepest rivers, reaching 300 feet deep in a number of areas. The river is also important because it runs through the Amazon rain forest. Home to some of the planet’s most amazing and unusual binds, fish, insects, and animals, the Amazon rain forest has the most plant and animal species (种类) in the world. Brightly colored parrots, monkeys, and frogs live here. In the water, you’ll find pink dolphins. Some of the plants and trees in the rain forest have been used as medicines for thousands of years. The river became known as the Amazon during the mid-1500s. A Spanish (西班牙人) saw some women fighters along its lower banks and named the river after them. In Greek mythology (神话), the Amazons were a group of women who were very good at fighting. 1．Which country does the Amazon run through? A．Brazil. B．India. C．South Africa. D．France. 2．What does “Amazon” mean according to the last paragraph? A．A Spaniard. B．A long river. C．A rain forest. D．A woman fighter. 3．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Amazon B．The Amazon Rain Forest C．The Animals in the Amazon D．The Story About the Amazon 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界第二长河——亚马逊河。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Beginning from..., the Amazon runs 4, 000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，亚马逊河从秘鲁的安第斯山脉开始，向东延伸 4,000英里，穿过哥伦比亚和巴西，流入大西洋。故选 A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“A Spaniard (西班牙人) saw some women fighters along its lower banks and...who were very good at fighting.”可知，在希腊神话中，“Amazon”是指女战士。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。本文主要从基本信息、流经地的生物多样性以及名字的由来等几个方面介绍了亚马逊河。故选A。 重难词汇梳理 1. second /ˈsekənd/adv. 次于；第二 2. eastward /ˈiːstwəd/adv. 向东 3. rainy /ˈreɪni/adj. 下雨的，多雨的 4. rain forest /reɪn ˈfɒrɪst/n. 雨林 5. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种（单复数同形） 6. parrot /ˈpærət/n. 鹦鹉 7. dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/n. 海豚 8. mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/n. 神话 9. fighter /ˈfaɪtə(r)/n. 战士，斗士 10. bank /bæŋk/n. 河岸；银行 长难句解析 1. Beginning from the Andes Mountains in Peru, the Amazon runs 4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. **翻译**：亚马逊河发源于秘鲁的安第斯山脉，向东绵延 4000 英里，流经哥伦比亚与巴西，最终注入大西洋。 **语法分析**：`Beginning from…` 现在分词短语作状语，表起点；主句主语为 the Amazon；`run`此处表示（河流）流淌；`through`表示 “穿过、流经”。 2. Home to some of the planet’s most amazing and unusual birds, fish, insects, and animals, the Amazon rain forest has the most plant and animal species in the world. **翻译**：亚马逊雨林栖息着地球上许多奇妙、罕见的鸟类、鱼类、昆虫与动物，拥有全球最多的动植物物种。 **语法分析**：`Home to…` 是固定结构，be home to 意为 “是…… 的栖息地”，此处形容词短语前置作状语；主句主语 the Amazon rain forest。 Passage 1 Qomolangma is the third mountain of the Himalayas, so it is called the Third God Mountain in Tibetan language. Qomolangma is very famous and it is higher than any other mountain in the world. Its newest height is 8, 848.86 meters, which was announced on December 8th, 2020. At the height of 8, 000 meters, there is only 30% O2 and the human body can only stand this height for a few days, so it is dangerous for humans to climb higher. But many climbers want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. As Alan Arnette, a mountain climber from America, said “Climbing mountains drives you to look deep inside yourself, and lets you find out whether you are healthy enough and strong enough in mind when you want to stop.” It’s a good thing that Qomolangma gives people a chance to become strong-willed(意志坚强的) when trying to achieve their dreams. ▲ because many people leave their waste behind, such as water bottles and plastic bags. They cause the environmental pollution for Qomolangma. Many local farmers said their sheep and cows would die after eating the plastic bags and it was too difficult to clean them up. Luckily, many volunteers from all over the world came to Qomolangma to join in the clean-up activity. A volunteer advised, “When climbing Qomolangma, mountain climbing lovers should always take good care of themselves, and at the same time, take good care of Qomolangma.” 1．What’s the newest height of Qomolangma? A．8, 000 meters. B．8, 844. 43 meters. C．8, 848. 86 meters. D．8, 848. 84 meters. 2．According to Alan’s words, ________ to climb mountains. A．you had better forget B．you will be in great danger C．you need to be healthy enough D．you’ll know better about yourself 3．Which can be the best sentence for ▲ ? A．However, these years, Qomolangma is in danger B．Climbers are easy to fall down on the mountain C．It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top D．But it shows that humans can sometimes be stronger 4．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Local farmers. B．Cows and sheep. C．Plastic bags. D．Water bottles. 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Qomolangma. B．Climbers. C．Himalayas. D．Tibetan Language. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰，并告诉我们要照顾好珠穆朗玛峰。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据原文“Its newest height is 8, 848.86 meters, which was announced on December 8th, 2020”可知, 珠穆朗玛峰的最新高度是8848. 86米。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“As Alan Arnette, a mountain climber from America, said “Climbing mountains drives you to look deep inside yourself, and lets you find out whether you are healthy enough and strong enough in mind when you want to stop.””可知，爬山会让你更了解自己。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“because many people leave their waste behind, such as water bottles and plastic bags”可知，此处在讲这些年来，珠穆朗玛峰正处于危险之中。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据原文“They cause the environmental pollution for Qomolangma. Many local farmers said their sheep and cows would die after eating the plastic bags and it was too difficult to clean them up”可知，此处“them”指的是“塑料袋”。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据原文“Qomolangma is the third mountain of the Himalayas, so it is called the Third God Mountain in Tibetan language”可知，本文主要介绍珠穆朗玛峰。故选A。 Passage 2 The Big Stone River is one of the most amazing stone rivers in the world. It is the most interesting sight (景象) of Taganai Park in Russia. Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen. Interestingly, as one comes near the rocky river, the sound of running water can be heard. Rocks fall down from the mountains slowly and make the river of rocks. The Big Stone River is about 6 km long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the rocks weigh up to 10 tons each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. Scientists believe that it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago. At that time, ice covered the top of the mountains. As time went by, the ice turned into water. Seeing the amazing river is a great experience. The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. Come and visit it when you come to Russia. 1．Where is the Big Stone River? A．In Russia. B．In China. C．In the US. D．In the UK. 2．Why is the Big Stone River special? A．Because it is in Taganai Park. B．Because it is full of fish. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. D．Because the sound of running water is loud. 3．How wide is the widest part of the Big Stone River? A．6 meters. B．200 meters. C．700 meters. D．6, 000 meters. 4．What does the underlined word “consequence” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Reason. B．Result. C．End. D．Beginning. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Big Stone River B．A Very Amazing Stone C．An Unforgettable Experience D．A Running River 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了俄罗斯塔加奈公园的大石河，涵盖其地理位置、独特景观、具体尺寸、形成成因及观赏建议。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段“It is the most interesting sight of Taganai Park in Russia.”可知，大石河位于俄罗斯的塔加奈公园。 2．根据文章第一段“Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen.”可知，这条河充满了岩石且看不见水，这是其特殊之处。 3．根据文章第二段“It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide.”可知，最宽处可达700米。 4．根据文章第三段“Scientists believe that it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers about 10,000 years ago.”可知，这是冰川运动产生的结果，consequence意为“结果”，因此选项B正确。 5．文章通篇围绕大石河的位置、特征、尺寸及成因进行介绍，核心对象是大石河，因此选项A“The Big Stone River”最能概括全文主题。 Passage 3 The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. It is just shorter than the Nile River in Africa and the Amazon River in South America. It is about 6,300 kilometers long. It starts from the Tanggula Mountains and runs through some provinces. Finally, it runs into the East China Sea. During the long history of ancient China, this river helped feed millions of people and develop ancient cultures. Many important cities such as Shanghai and Nanjing are located along the river. However, the Yangtze River is facing serious pollution. In the past, the water in it was clean but now it is dirty. A lot of fish died because of water pollution. Luckily, people realized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River. A program was set up in 1989 to protect the water and land around the river. It was successful because it helped improve the environment. Another program is about endangered animals. It helps protect Yangtze River Dolphins. The number of Yangtze River Dolphins in China decreased because of the pollution in the Yangtze River. So far, we have made some achievements. However, we still have a long way to go to protect the great river. Let’s work together to help our mother river become as clean as it used to be. 1．Which is the third longest river in the world? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Yellow River. 2．Why was the program set up in 1989? A．To increase the number of fish. B．To help develop ancient culture. C．To build more cities along the river. D．To protect the water and land around the Yangtze River. 3．What does the underlined word “decreased” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Appeared. B．Dropped. C．Disappeared. D．Developed. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Yangtze River starts from the East China Sea. B．The program in 1989 failed to improve the environment. C．We still have a long way to go to protect the great river. D．People have completely solved the pollution problem. 5．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce a new animal. B．To describe the length of the river. C．To explain how the program worked. D．To encourage people to protect the river. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了长江的基本地理概况、历史作用、污染现状与保护举措，呼吁大家共同守护母亲河。 【详解】 1．第一段提到“The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world”，明确长江是世界第三长河。 2．第三段提到“A program was set up in 1989 to protect the water and land around the river”，说明1989年设立该项目是为了保护河流周边的水域与土地。 3．第三段提到白鱀豚数量因长江污染发生变化，结合污染会造成动物数量减少的常识，“decreased”表示数量下降，和“Dropped”词义相近。 4．最后一段提到“However, we still have a long way to go to protect the great river”，说明保护这条大河仍有很长的路要走，选项C表述正确。 5．文章介绍了长江的基本情况、面临的污染问题以及保护措施，并在最后一段呼吁“Let’s work together to help our mother river become as clean as it used to be.”，旨在鼓励人们共同保护河流。 Passage 4 The natural world is a wonderful place. It includes forests, rivers, mountains and 1 . All these parts work together to keep our planet healthy. Forests are home to many animals and plants. They 2 oxygen and help clean the air. But people cut down too many trees, 3 the homes of wild animals. Rivers are important too. They provide water for 4 and animals. However, pollution from factories and farms often 5 rivers dirty. Mountains are beautiful and provide a 6 for many plants. Some people like to climb mountains to enjoy the 7 . But we should be careful not to leave rubbish there. We must protect the natural world. We can plant trees, stop polluting rivers and 8 the beauty of mountains. By doing these, we can make sure the natural world stays 9 for future generations. Remember, we are part of the natural world and need to 10 it. 1．A．cities B．deserts C．schools D．hospitals 2．A．produce B．waste C．need D．use 3．A．building B．protecting C．destroying D．helping 4．A．people B．cars C．machines D．roads 5．A．makes B．keeps C．lets D．has 6．A．home B．zoo C．park D．garden 7．A．food B．view C．air D．water 8．A．damage B．enjoy C．pollute D．change 9．A．ugly B．healthy C．dirty D．small 10．A．harm B．ignore C．protect D．use 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍自然界包含森林、河流、山脉、沙漠等部分，这些事物共同维持地球健康，同时讲述了各类自然环境面临的问题，呼吁人们保护大自然。 【详解】 1．句意：它包含森林、河流、山脉和沙漠。 本句列举自然界里的地理事物，deserts“沙漠”符合语境。cities“城市”，schools“学校”，hospitals“医院”，均不符合。 2．句意：它们产生氧气，帮助净化空气。 森林可以制造氧气，produce“产生”符合语境。waste“浪费”，need“需要”，use“使用”，均不符合。 3．句意：但是人们砍伐太多树木，破坏野生动物的家园。 砍树会毁掉动物栖息地，destroying“破坏”符合语境。building“建造”，protecting“保护”，helping“帮助”，均不符合。 4．句意：它们为人类和动物提供水源。 河水供给人和动物饮用，people“人们”符合语境。cars“汽车”，machines“机器”，roads“道路”，均不符合。 5．句意：然而，工厂和农田的污染常常使河流变脏。 however表示转折，前面讲河流很重要，本句转而说明工厂、农田产生的污染会对河流造成不好的影响，也就是让河流变得脏。make sth.+形容词表示“使某物变得……”，makes“使”符合语境。keeps“保持”，lets“让”，has“拥有”，均不符合。 6．句意：山脉很美，为许多植物提供家园。 山脉是很多植物生长栖息的地方，home“家园”符合语境。zoo“动物园”，park“公园”，garden“花园”，均不符合。 7．句意：一些人喜欢爬山欣赏风景。 爬山的目的是观赏景色，view“风景”符合语境。food“食物”，air“空气”，water“水”，均不符合。 8．句意：我们可以种树，停止污染河流，欣赏山脉的美。 保护自然的行动包含欣赏大山之美，enjoy“欣赏”符合语境。damage“破坏”，pollute“污染”，change“改变”，均不符合。 9．句意：通过做这些事，我们可以确保大自然为后代保持健康。 保护自然是让大自然保持健康的状态，healthy“健康的”符合语境。ugly“丑陋的”，dirty“脏的”，small“小的”，均不符合。 10．句意：记住，我们是自然界的一部分，需要保护它。 前文一直在呼吁保护大自然，protect“保护”符合语境。harm“伤害”，ignore“忽视”，use“使用”，均不符合。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Mountains and rivers山脉及河流 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 270 介绍世界五大长河的地理信息，补充有关世界河流的趣味地理小知识。 PassageB 阅读理解 旅游说明文 约 220 介绍中国四季适合游览的山水景点，说明最佳游览时节与特色游玩项目。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 310 介绍长江国家文化公园，讲解项目规模、九江案例，兼顾文化保护与民生发展。 Passage2 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 240 介绍亚马孙河的地理特征、雨林物种，以及河流名字的神话由来。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 260 介绍珠穆朗玛峰，攀登磨炼意志，但也面临垃圾污染，呼吁保护珠峰环境。 Passage2 阅读理解 科普说明文 约 220 介绍俄罗斯奇特自然景观大石河，岩石构成不见水流，讲解规模与冰川成因。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 介绍长江概况、历史贡献、水污染现状与保护措施，呼吁保护母亲河。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 约 180 介绍森林、河流、山脉等自然环境，讲述破坏问题，呼吁人类保护大自然。 Passage A（世界上最长的五条河流） A river is a flowing, moving stream of water. Usually a river flows into an ocean, lake, pond, or even another river. Rivers can differ (不同) in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called as a river. Here are the five longest rivers in the world. The Nile The Nile is the longest in the world. It is about 6,670 kilometres long. It is located in the continent of Africa, mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Amazon The Amazon is about 6,480 kilometres long. It is located in the continent of South America and flows through several countries including Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. It enters the Atlantic Ocean. The Yangtze River Located in China, the Yangtze River is over 6,300 kilometres long and flows into the East China Sea. The Mississippi and the Missouri The river system of the Mississippi and the Missouri is the longest river system in North America. The Mississippi is about 6,021 kilometres long and the Missouri is 4,126 kilometres. The Mississippi flows south into the Gulf of Mexico. The Yenisei The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It’s about 5,539 kilometres long. There are 76 rivers in the world over 1,600 kilometres long. A lot of people think that rivers always flow south, but 4 of the l0 longest rivers in the world flow north. The United States alone has around 5 million kilometres of rivers. Four of the top 10 longest rivers flow through China at some point. 1．The Nile is about ________ kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. A．190 B．370 C．400 D．1,130 2．________ is the second longest river in the world. A．The Nile B．The Mississippi C．The Amazon D．The Yenisei 3．The Mississippi is located in ________. A．Africa B．South America C．North America D．Asia 4．The Yenisei River ends at ________. A．the Mediterranean Sea B．the Atlantic Ocean C．the Gulf of Mexico D．the Arctic Ocean 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Amazon is the only river in America. B．The Mississippi flows into the Pacific Ocean. C．All rivers in the world flow south. D．There are around 5 million kilometres of rivers in America. 6．The last paragraph mainly talks about ________. A．fun facts about world rivers B．in which direction most rivers flow C．rivers over 1,600 kilometres long in the world D．four longest rivers flowing through China 重难词汇梳理 1. flow /fləʊ/v. 流动；流淌 n. 水流 2. stream /striːm/n. 小溪，水流 3. pond /pɒnd/n. 池塘 4. strict /strɪkt/adj. 严格的 5. continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/n. 大陆，大洲 6. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/v. 位于；坐落于（常用被动 be located in） 7. kilometre /kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/n. 千米，公里 8. system /ˈsɪstəm/n. 系统；水系 9. several /ˈsevrəl/adj. 几个，若干 10. alone /əˈləʊn/adv. 单单，仅仅；独自 长难句解析 1. Usually a river flows into an ocean, lake, pond, or even another river. **翻译**：河流通常会汇入海洋、湖泊、池塘，甚至另一条河流。 **语法分析**：本句为主谓结构；`flow into` 固定短语，意为 “流入，汇入”；多个名词并列作宾语。 2. Rivers can differ in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called as a river. **翻译**：河流大小各不相同，没有严格的标准来界定一条水流要达到多大才能被称作河流。 **语法分析**：`differ in` 在…… 方面不同；`there be` 句型；`on` 后面接宾语从句`how big a flow of water must be`；不定式`to be called as a river`作目的状语。 参考译文 河流是持续流动的水体。河流通常会汇入海洋、湖泊、池塘，甚至另一条河流。河流大小各不相同，没有严格的标准界定一股水流需要达到多大规模，才能被称为河流。下面是世界上最长的五条河流。 ## 尼罗河 尼罗河是世界第一长河，全长约 6670 千米。它位于非洲大陆，大部分流经埃及和苏丹。它向北流入地中海。 ## 亚马孙河 亚马孙河全长约 6480 千米，地处南美洲，流经巴西、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔等多个国家，最终注入大西洋。 ## 长江 长江位于中国，全长 6300 多千米，最终流入东海。 ## 密西西比河与密苏里河 密西西比 - 密苏里水系是北美洲最长的水系。密西西比河全长约 6021 千米，密苏里河 4126 千米。密西西比河向南注入墨西哥湾。 ## 叶尼塞河 叶尼塞河发源于蒙古，流经俄罗斯，最终汇入北冰洋的喀拉海，全长约 5539 千米。 全世界共有 76 条长度超过 1600 千米的河流。很多人以为河流总是向南流淌，但世界十大长河里有四条是向北流的。仅美国一国，河流总长就有约 500 万千米。世界前十长河中，有四条在某一段流域流经中国。 Passage B（中国四个不同的季节适合去旅游的山水） China has many places of interest. You can have great tours in every season. Spring is the best time to visit Wuyuan in Jiangxi. The yellow flowers all over the hills make the villages look like a fairy-tale (童话的) world. You’ll have free time to walk across the beautiful countryside and enjoy the famous tea. The best time to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin is August. It’s usually sunny. Why not go to the Valley Float Stone Forest (石林) and Heaven Lake (天池) at the top? You’ll have time to take lots of photos. You can see all the colours of autumn near the Great Wall. It’s cool and dry, so it’s great for hiking (徒步旅行). You’d better walk on the Mutianyu Great Wall. There won’t be as many tourists as at the Badaling Great Wall, but it’s just beautiful. Sanya in Hainan is a great destination for a holiday in winter. You can get away from the cold. The three famous beaches, Yalong Bay Beach, Sanya Bay Beach and Dadonghai Beach, all have great sand. You’ll love swimming in the clear water. You can have a great time in different seasons! 1．What is a special activity you can enjoy in Wuyuan, Jiangxi? A．Playing on the beaches. B．Hiking along the Great Wall. C．Taking lots of beautiful photos. D．Walking across the countryside. 2．It’s best to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin in ________. A．March B．May C．August D．December 3．Why is the Mutianyu Great Wall recommended for a visit in autumn? A．It is warmer and drier. B．There are more tourists. C．It is cooler and less crowded. D．It has more entertainment facilities (设施). 4．The underlined word “destination” means ________. A．the place that someone is going to B．the place where people can buy foods C．a city which is suitable for swimming D．a holiday that lasts for a long time 5．Which activity is suggested when people visit the beaches in Sanya, Hainan? A．Climbing mountains. B．Swimming in clear water. C．Taking a ferry (渡船) ride. D．Visiting historical sites. 6．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Great Holidays in Every Season B．Interesting Places of Every City C．Beautiful Places in Every Season D．Different Colours in Every Season 重难词汇梳理 1. place of interest /pleɪs ɒv ˈɪntrəst/n. 名胜古迹 2. tour /tʊə(r)/n. & v. 旅行，游览 3. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/n. 乡村，郊外 4. valley /ˈvæli/n. 山谷 5. destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/n. 目的地 6. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/n. 游客，旅行者 7. hike /haɪk/v. 徒步旅行 8. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 清澈的；清晰的 9. dry /draɪ/adj. 干燥的 10. fairy-tale /ˈfeəri teɪl/adj. 童话般的 长难句解析 1. The yellow flowers all over the hills make the villages look like a fairy-tale world. **翻译**：漫山遍野的黄花让村庄看起来如同童话世界一般。 **语法分析**：本句主干：`flowers make the villages look like...`；固定结构`make sb./sth. do sth.`（使某物……，make 后接不带 to 的不定式）；`all over the hills` 介词短语作后置定语，修饰 flowers；`look like` 意为 “看起来像”。 2. There won’t be as many tourists as at the Badaling Great Wall, but it’s just beautiful. **翻译**：这里的游客不会像八达岭长城那么多，但景色同样十分美丽。 **语法分析**：`as many...as` 同级比较结构，表示 “和…… 一样多”；`there won’t be` 是 there be 句型的一般将来时否定形式；but 连接并列分句表转折。 参考译文 中国有许多名胜古迹，一年四季都适合游览。 春天是游览江西婺源的最佳时节。漫山遍野的黄花，让村庄宛如童话世界。你可以悠闲漫步在美丽的乡间，品尝当地有名的茶叶。 八月是游览吉林长白山的最佳时间。这时通常天气晴朗。不妨去峡谷浮石林和山顶的天池看一看，你会有充足时间拍摄大量照片。 在长城附近，你能欣赏到五彩斑斓的秋日景色。天气凉爽干燥，非常适合徒步。你最好去慕田峪长城。这里游客不像八达岭长城那么多，但风景同样秀美。 海南三亚是冬季度假的好去处。你可以远离严寒。亚龙湾、三亚湾和大东海这三处知名海滩都拥有优质沙滩。你会喜欢在清澈的海水中游泳。 一年四季，你都能拥有美好的旅途！ Passage1 （2025年内蒙古自治区中考） The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to the Chinese people and is often called the “mother river”. It is not just a natural wonder—it is also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and socialist advanced cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates the “Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality of people’s life there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many fields such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It draws a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) between nature, the people and the cities. 1．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example for other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. 2．What’s the purpose of listing numbers in paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To stress the influence of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The culture. B．The project. C．The history. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park 重难词汇梳理 1. symbol /ˈsɪmbl/n. 象征，标志 2. nation /ˈneɪʃn/n. 民族；国家 3. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj. 文化的 4. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n. 信心 5. intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/adj. 无形的 6. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/n. 遗产 7. revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənri/adj. 革命的 8. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/n. 社区，群体 9. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/n. 资源 10. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/n. 和谐 长难句解析 1. The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. **翻译**：长江，也叫 Yangtze River，是世界上最长的河流之一。 **语法分析**：`also known as the Yangtze River` 过去分词短语作插入定语，相当于 which is also known as…；固定结构`one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数`，意为 “最…… 之一”。 2. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. **翻译**：长江国家文化公园同时也是一项重要的 “国家公园” 项目，它横跨 13 个省份，拥有 841 项国家级非物质文化遗产项目、465 座历史文化名城、名镇、名村以及 91 座国家级博物馆。 **语法分析**：`which`引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The Yangtze River National Cultural Park；`with`介词短语作后置定语，用来介绍公园所包含的各类文化资源；`as well as` 意为 “以及”，用于并列名词。 Passage2 （2024年山东省淄博市中考英语真题） The Amazon is one of the world’s longest rivers, second only to the Nile in Africa. Beginning from the Andes Mountains in Peru, the Amazon runs 4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is usually about one to six miles wide. During the rainy season, it can be as much as 20 miles wide in some areas. It is also one of the deepest rivers, reaching 300 feet deep in a number of areas. The river is also important because it runs through the Amazon rain forest. Home to some of the planet’s most amazing and unusual binds, fish, insects, and animals, the Amazon rain forest has the most plant and animal species (种类) in the world. Brightly colored parrots, monkeys, and frogs live here. In the water, you’ll find pink dolphins. Some of the plants and trees in the rain forest have been used as medicines for thousands of years. The river became known as the Amazon during the mid-1500s. A Spanish (西班牙人) saw some women fighters along its lower banks and named the river after them. In Greek mythology (神话), the Amazons were a group of women who were very good at fighting. 1．Which country does the Amazon run through? A．Brazil. B．India. C．South Africa. D．France. 2．What does “Amazon” mean according to the last paragraph? A．A Spaniard. B．A long river. C．A rain forest. D．A woman fighter. 3．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Amazon B．The Amazon Rain Forest C．The Animals in the Amazon D．The Story About the Amazon 重难词汇梳理 1. second /ˈsekənd/adv. 次于；第二 2. eastward /ˈiːstwəd/adv. 向东 3. rainy /ˈreɪni/adj. 下雨的，多雨的 4. rain forest /reɪn ˈfɒrɪst/n. 雨林 5. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种（单复数同形） 6. parrot /ˈpærət/n. 鹦鹉 7. dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/n. 海豚 8. mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/n. 神话 9. fighter /ˈfaɪtə(r)/n. 战士，斗士 10. bank /bæŋk/n. 河岸；银行 长难句解析 1. Beginning from the Andes Mountains in Peru, the Amazon runs 4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. **翻译**：亚马逊河发源于秘鲁的安第斯山脉，向东绵延 4000 英里，流经哥伦比亚与巴西，最终注入大西洋。 **语法分析**：`Beginning from…` 现在分词短语作状语，表起点；主句主语为 the Amazon；`run`此处表示（河流）流淌；`through`表示 “穿过、流经”。 2. Home to some of the planet’s most amazing and unusual birds, fish, insects, and animals, the Amazon rain forest has the most plant and animal species in the world. **翻译**：亚马逊雨林栖息着地球上许多奇妙、罕见的鸟类、鱼类、昆虫与动物，拥有全球最多的动植物物种。 **语法分析**：`Home to…` 是固定结构，be home to 意为 “是…… 的栖息地”，此处形容词短语前置作状语；主句主语 the Amazon rain forest。 Passage 1 Qomolangma is the third mountain of the Himalayas, so it is called the Third God Mountain in Tibetan language. Qomolangma is very famous and it is higher than any other mountain in the world. Its newest height is 8, 848.86 meters, which was announced on December 8th, 2020. At the height of 8, 000 meters, there is only 30% O2 and the human body can only stand this height for a few days, so it is dangerous for humans to climb higher. But many climbers want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. As Alan Arnette, a mountain climber from America, said “Climbing mountains drives you to look deep inside yourself, and lets you find out whether you are healthy enough and strong enough in mind when you want to stop.” It’s a good thing that Qomolangma gives people a chance to become strong-willed(意志坚强的) when trying to achieve their dreams. ▲ because many people leave their waste behind, such as water bottles and plastic bags. They cause the environmental pollution for Qomolangma. Many local farmers said their sheep and cows would die after eating the plastic bags and it was too difficult to clean them up. Luckily, many volunteers from all over the world came to Qomolangma to join in the clean-up activity. A volunteer advised, “When climbing Qomolangma, mountain climbing lovers should always take good care of themselves, and at the same time, take good care of Qomolangma.” 1．What’s the newest height of Qomolangma? A．8, 000 meters. B．8, 844. 43 meters. C．8, 848. 86 meters. D．8, 848. 84 meters. 2．According to Alan’s words, ________ to climb mountains. A．you had better forget B．you will be in great danger C．you need to be healthy enough D．you’ll know better about yourself 3．Which can be the best sentence for ▲ ? A．However, these years, Qomolangma is in danger B．Climbers are easy to fall down on the mountain C．It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top D．But it shows that humans can sometimes be stronger 4．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Local farmers. B．Cows and sheep. C．Plastic bags. D．Water bottles. 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Qomolangma. B．Climbers. C．Himalayas. D．Tibetan Language. Passage 2 The Big Stone River is one of the most amazing stone rivers in the world. It is the most interesting sight (景象) of Taganai Park in Russia. Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen. Interestingly, as one comes near the rocky river, the sound of running water can be heard. Rocks fall down from the mountains slowly and make the river of rocks. The Big Stone River is about 6 km long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the rocks weigh up to 10 tons each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. Scientists believe that it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago. At that time, ice covered the top of the mountains. As time went by, the ice turned into water. Seeing the amazing river is a great experience. The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. Come and visit it when you come to Russia. 1．Where is the Big Stone River? A．In Russia. B．In China. C．In the US. D．In the UK. 2．Why is the Big Stone River special? A．Because it is in Taganai Park. B．Because it is full of fish. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. D．Because the sound of running water is loud. 3．How wide is the widest part of the Big Stone River? A．6 meters. B．200 meters. C．700 meters. D．6, 000 meters. 4．What does the underlined word “consequence” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Reason. B．Result. C．End. D．Beginning. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Big Stone River B．A Very Amazing Stone C．An Unforgettable Experience D．A Running River Passage 3 The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. It is just shorter than the Nile River in Africa and the Amazon River in South America. It is about 6,300 kilometers long. It starts from the Tanggula Mountains and runs through some provinces. Finally, it runs into the East China Sea. During the long history of ancient China, this river helped feed millions of people and develop ancient cultures. Many important cities such as Shanghai and Nanjing are located along the river. However, the Yangtze River is facing serious pollution. In the past, the water in it was clean but now it is dirty. A lot of fish died because of water pollution. Luckily, people realized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River. A program was set up in 1989 to protect the water and land around the river. It was successful because it helped improve the environment. Another program is about endangered animals. It helps protect Yangtze River Dolphins. The number of Yangtze River Dolphins in China decreased because of the pollution in the Yangtze River. So far, we have made some achievements. However, we still have a long way to go to protect the great river. Let’s work together to help our mother river become as clean as it used to be. 1．Which is the third longest river in the world? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Yellow River. 2．Why was the program set up in 1989? A．To increase the number of fish. B．To help develop ancient culture. C．To build more cities along the river. D．To protect the water and land around the Yangtze River. 3．What does the underlined word “decreased” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Appeared. B．Dropped. C．Disappeared. D．Developed. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Yangtze River starts from the East China Sea. B．The program in 1989 failed to improve the environment. C．We still have a long way to go to protect the great river. D．People have completely solved the pollution problem. 5．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce a new animal. B．To describe the length of the river. C．To explain how the program worked. D．To encourage people to protect the river. Passage 4 The natural world is a wonderful place. It includes forests, rivers, mountains and 1 . All these parts work together to keep our planet healthy. Forests are home to many animals and plants. They 2 oxygen and help clean the air. But people cut down too many trees, 3 the homes of wild animals. Rivers are important too. They provide water for 4 and animals. However, pollution from factories and farms often 5 rivers dirty. Mountains are beautiful and provide a 6 for many plants. Some people like to climb mountains to enjoy the 7 . But we should be careful not to leave rubbish there. We must protect the natural world. We can plant trees, stop polluting rivers and 8 the beauty of mountains. By doing these, we can make sure the natural world stays 9 for future generations. Remember, we are part of the natural world and need to 10 it. 1．A．cities B．deserts C．schools D．hospitals 2．A．produce B．waste C．need D．use 3．A．building B．protecting C．destroying D．helping 4．A．people B．cars C．machines D．roads 5．A．makes B．keeps C．lets D．has 6．A．home B．zoo C．park D．garden 7．A．food B．view C．air D．water 8．A．damage B．enjoy C．pollute D．change 9．A．ugly B．healthy C．dirty D．small 10．A．harm B．ignore C．protect D．use 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 14 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $