专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川科学城第一中学·期中）Do you hit the ground running as soon as you open your eyes in the morning? Are you guilty of constantly complaining that there aren’t enough hours in the day to finish your tasks? If so, you might be part of the “hustle culture”. It emphasizes the belief that the more you work, the more successful you will be. The culture involves sacrificing (牺牲) your personal time to work toward your professional goals. It encourages you to focus only on work rather than on everything else around you that makes your life rich. This is a culture that plenty of people have been persuaded to believe in and follow. After all, we live in societies that celebrate hard work and look down on those who appear lazy. However, some are beginning to back away from this trend as it is creating problems in their lives. Social media has played a major role in promoting the hustle culture. Young professionals are online, boasting about their hardworking way of life. They’re proud of the fact that they hustle seven days a week. Their videos promote the idea that rest is for the weak and that a person’s value comes from their productivity and success. However, some people are discovering how harmful this can be. Kianna, a successful social media influencer, was once a great believer in hustle culture. But with just four hours of sleep each night, her life was falling apart, and she was experiencing burnout. Kianna began to receive treatment and learned the important lesson of work: she needed to regularly make time for herself. Communication expert and coach Brooks E. Scott says that attitudes towards the hustle culture are changing: “To get ahead, you also need some creative space to rest... You can’t find it if you’re always busy.” Some specialists think we must take some healthy approaches to success and learn to strike a balance between work and life. 1.Why does the writer begin the passage with two questions? A. To make a comparison. B. To lead in the topic. C. To express personal doubt. D. To ask for information. 2.According to the passage, who is likely to be a member of “hustle culture”? A. Lily who often works overtime. B. Emma who puts relaxation first. C. John who likes running. D. Mike who plays games at night. 3.What did Kianna realize after suffering burnout? A. She had better quit social media. B. She should work even harder online. C. She needed to balance work and rest. D. She wanted to develop hustle culture. 4.What may be discussed in the following paragraphs? A. Successful people who follow the hustle culture. B. Ways to stay healthy while pursuing success. C. Negative results of social media pressure. D. Limits between job and personal time. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川眉山中学·期中）At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true talents achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less able. In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked to observe a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily recognizable colors and the other with colors that were quite similar, requiring more effort to distinguish. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. The study shows that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade (衰退) over time. This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing too much on results or singing high praises for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the “Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education. 1.Which of the following is experiencing “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. Someone who thinks more of effort than well-being. B. Someone who reduces stress through social activities. C. Someone who shows graceful images to attract others. D. Someone who hides hard work to appear naturally gifted. 2.What can we learn about the experiment according to paragraph 3? A. It shows effort fuels the brain activity. B. It proves focus enhances brain function. C. It associates careful observation with talent. D. It links memory storage to abstract reasoning. 3.What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. It values the learning process over results. B. It causes stress and false ideas about success. C. It makes students focus too much on socializing. D. It prevents students from recognizing their talents. 4.Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece. B. Fortune favors those with high intelligence. C. Work in silence and let success make the noise. D. Talent plays a more critical role in success than effort. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川成都树德中学·期中）Google Translate has improved significantly over the years. Initially, it relied on statistical machine translation (SMT), which analyzed many translated texts to predict the most likely translations. However, in recent years, Google has switched to neural (神经的) machine translation (NMT), which uses deep learning models to improve accuracy by understanding context rather than just individual words. The system works by translating entire sentences instead of translating word by word. This produces more natural-sounding results, especially for European languages, which share similar structures. However, for more complex language pairs, particularly those with major grammatical differences, the accuracy is lower. Several studies have been conducted to measure the accuracy of Google Translate, including research from the UCLA Medical Center. The results show that while the tool works well with commonly spoken languages, it has difficulty with complex sentence structures and less commonly translated texts. A study by Slator found that Google Translate’s accuracy largely depends on the specific language pairs. For example, translations between English and Spanish are often better than translations involving Asian or African languages, where grammatical structures and cultural differences are very different. Moreover, research from Smartling indicates that Google Translate is most suitable for basic communication rather than professional or legal translations. While it can provide a general idea of a text’s meaning, it often falls short of delivering correct translations for specialized fields like medicine, law, or marketing. Despite improvements, Google Translate is not free from errors. First, the tool sometimes translates phrases word-for-word, resulting in unnatural or incorrect meanings. Second, sentence structures may be incorrect, especially in non-European languages. Additionally, Google Translate has trouble with ambiguous (含糊的) words or cultural differences that require deeper understanding. AI translations often lose the meaning of phrases that are unique to a specific culture. 1.How does NMT differ from SMT? A. It takes advantage of big data. B. It focuses on structural changes. C. It gives diverse translation results. D. It stresses relations between lines. 2.What can be inferred from Google Translate-related studies? A. It works poorly for all non-European languages. B. Some language pairs produce better results than others. C. Its translations in legal fields are fully reliable. D. Cultural differences have little effect on translation. 3.What does the underlined phrase “falls short of” mean in paragraph 4? A. Try one’s best. B. Make a quick decision. C. Fail to meet the standard. D. Fall a very short distance. 4.What is an improvement direction for Google Translate? A. Fewer grammar mistakes. B. Unique user experiences. C. Quicker responses. D. Offline translation. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川仁寿第一中学·期中）New technology is making it possible for people to make videos of people appearing to say things they never actually said. The videos are known as “deepfakes”. The word “deepfake” is a combination of “deep learning”(an important part of artificial intelligence) and “fake” (not real). Deepfake software allows people to replace part of a video with another video image. The result is a fake video. The software allows you to put your face over the face of a talking president or movie star. This process will make your face speak in the voice of that president or movie star. Many people are worried the technology will be used to trick voters. Lawmakers, intelligence officials and media experts have expressed concern about deepfakes. They warn the false videos could be used to threaten America’s national security. “We have entered a new world where it is going to be difficult to know how to believe what we see,” said Hany Farid, a researcher at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. He added, “the opposite result is also worrying. People will become so used to seeing false videos that they will be more likely to doubt a real video. ” The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is already working to develop technologies to identify fake images and videos. But Senator Rubio says, now the identification is difficult and takes a very long time. “It takes advanced technology to be able to show that it’s not real. And by the time that’s done, it’s been widely used.” Rubio and other lawmakers say people will need to take more responsibility to identify fakes. 1.What is “deepfake” software used to do? A. Kill some virus. B. Make fake videos. C. Make excellent movies. D. Benefit stars and leaders. 2.Why was Hany Farid worried? A. False videos might mislead people. B. It was too difficult to use the software. C. Private information might be given away. D. Some people might be addicted to “deepfakes”. 3.What can we know from Rubio’s words? A. It is really difficult to identify fake videos. B. The technology “deepfake” has been banned. C. The government is responsible for identification. D. National security is being threatened by “deepfake”. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. Ways to identify fake videos. B. People’s different views on “deepfake”. C. A new technology with a bright future. D. A worrying new technology “deepfake”. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·四川南充高中学·期中）When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1.Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A. To compare different animals. B. To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C. To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D. To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2.What can we learn about mosquitoes? A. Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B. The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C. Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D. More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B. Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C. There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D. Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川绵竹中学-上·期中）Instant noodles are a favorite quick meal when people don’t want to cook. Picture eating them while watching TV on a stormy night — pure comfort! But many believe they’re just junk food that harms health. The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them. The main issue isn’t the noodles themselves, but the common way people make them: pouring boiling water over dried noodles and adding all the salty seasoning packets. These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy. Actually, plain instant noodles aren’t terrible. They’re fried during production (which adds some oil and calories), but they fill you up well and provide quick energy when you’re hungry. To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal! So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus veggies and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method! 1.What determines if instant noodles are unhealthy? A. Their quick cooking time. B. The preparation method C. The time of eating. D. The junk food label. 2.What is the major cause of unhealthy instant noodles? A. The dried noodles. B. Using boiling water. C. The flavor packets. D. People avoiding cooking. 3.What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A. Warn about health dangers. B. Give cooking instructions. C. Argue noodles are harmless. D. List harmful additives. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Instant Noodles are hard to cook. B. Instant Noodles are a perfect meal. C. The less instant noodles, the healthier. D. Instant Noodles are not all waste. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川成都第七中学·期中）Can doctors make better cancer treatment decisions if they consult fish? Previous studies have shown that zebrafish avatars could help identify cancer treatments. Rita Fior, a developmental biologist and her colleagues now want to determine whether that ability can benefit patients. Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient, allowing researchers to test multiple cancer drugs or radiation on the patient's tumor cells within 4-7 days — far quicker than traditional mouse models. In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and put the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish “predicted” the outcome of treatment. An added benefit, Fior says, is that avatars can reveal key characteristics of tumors such as whether they are likely to spread. Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze, says Sofia de Oliveira, a biologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “You can visualize the whole animal under the microscope,” she explains, “and easily determine the spread of cancer cells.” In the clinical trial, Fior and her team will test that promise by separating cancer cells from the fluid that builds up in the stomach of people whose cancer cells have spread outside the original site and is usually drained as part of treatment. “We are not doing an extra procedure on the patients,” she says. The cells will then be implanted into the fish embryos. Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best. Most of the patients will receive medications suggested by the zebrafish results. 1.What are zebrafish avatars? A. Models of mouse embryos. B. Radiation on the tumor cells. C. Drugs for multiple cancers. D. Replacements for cancer patients. 2.How do zebrafish avatars help doctors with cancer treatments? A. By forecasting treatment results. B. By predicting where tumors will spread. C. By killing tumor cells in cancer patients. D. By transplanting zebrafish cells into humans. 3.What makes zebrafish an ideal species for cancer research? A. Their similarity to cell cultures. B. Their small sizes and dark embryos. C. Their low cost and ease of analysis. D. Their complex appearance and structure. 4.What is the primary goal of the clinical trial led by Fior and her team? A. To develop new experimental drugs for cancers. B. To test the safety of chemo-therapy on zebrafish. C. To identify the ideal combination of cancer therapies. D. To separate cancer cells from the fluid of cancer patients. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川科学城第一中学·期中）For many teens, Saturday mornings are a time for students to catch up on sleep or sleep in. After a week of early mornings, sleeping extra hours may actually help them to reduce anxiety, according to a new study. Previous research suggested that too much weekend sleep could lead to health problems, such as depression. However, this link hadn’t been carefully studied, and few researchers had explored how catch-up sleep might relate to anxiety. Kim, a graduate student at the University of Oregon, set out to examine the link between catch-up sleep and anxiety. She used data from the Adolescent (青少年的) Brain Cognitive Development Study, focusing on 1, 900 teens aged 12 to 15 — an age when sleep problems often begin. Each participant wore a smartwatch to record sleep and activity patterns. Then, they would complete a questionnaire about their feelings of anxiety and depression. Kim believes that large differences between weekday and weekend sleep schedules can cause what scientists call “social jet lag.” Similar to the jet lag from traveling across time zones, it leads to tiredness and mental fog when the body’s clock falls out of sync (同步) with sleep cycles. Although her study didn’t test this directly, she believes it may play a role in teen anxiety. Kim didn’t find a clear link between catch-up sleep and depression, possibly because depressive symptoms (症状) usually appear in late adolescence. Anxiety, on the other hand, tends to start earlier. Her next step is to study weekend catch-up sleep among older teens. The findings, she hopes, could help schools and parents better understand the importance of balanced sleep. 1.What was missing in previous studies on catch-up sleep? A. Proof of its effect on health. B. Research on its link to anxiety. C. Data from teenage participants. D. Accurate research methods. 2.How did Kim carry out her research? A. By studying smartwatch data and teen surveys. B. By interviewing teenagers about their sleep habits. C. By comparing sleep patterns in different time zones. D. By focusing on sleep problems among older teens. 3.Why is jet lag mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To explain one cause of anxiety in teens. B. To show the harm of weekday sleep loss. C. To help readers understand social jet lag. D. To introduce a possible research direction. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. Weekend Sleep Does Harm. B. Benefits of Getting up Early. C. A Study on Teen Sleep Habits. D. Sleeping in May Ease Anxiety. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26·四川成都外国语学校·期中）Nature works like a big clock. Everything is arranged in order and interconnected. Every part has its place and its role. Take the wolf for example. As meat-eaters, wolves regulate the number of plant eaters so that they do not reproduce too many. All animals and plants are closely related in a system. The wolves remind me of a story from my childhood when my grandfather gave me an old clock. The first thing I did was take the clock apart to find out how it worked. Even though I was sure that I knew how to put it back together in working order, I couldn’t do it. After I rebuilt it, there were a few parts left over and a grandfather who was not in the best of moods. In the wild, wolves play the role of such parts. If we remove them, not only do the enemies of sheep and cattle disappear, but the system of nature also begins to run differently, so differently that rivers change course and many local bird species(物种) die out. And things can also go wrong when a species is added. For example, the introduction of a nonnative fish leads to a great decrease in the local deer population. Because of a fish? The earth’s ecosystems, it seems, are a bit too complex (复杂的) for us to draw up simple rules of cause and effect. Even protection work can have unexpected results. Who knew, for example, that recovering crane(鹤) populations in Europe would affect the production of Iberian ham? So it’s high time we took a good look at the interconnections between species both large and small. It’s important for us to realize that even small interventions(干预) can have huge influences, and we’d do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not have to touch. 1.What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in paragraph 1? A. Control. B. Count. C. Record. D. Increase. 2.What does the author want to show with the story in paragraph 2? A. Curiosity kills the cat. B. Every part matters. C. Clocks are hard to rebuild. D. Grandfather’s love lasts. 3.Why can things also go wrong when a species is added? A. Local species will disappear soon. B. Rules of cause and effect are simple in nature. C. The interconnections in nature are complex. D. Protection projects are too hard to complete. 4.What does the author suggest people do? A. Pay more attention to small animals. B. Stay away from protection work. C. Take a new look at meat-eaters. D. Think twice before stepping in. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川眉山中学·期中）An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” — eagles don’t hunt flies — meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small, insignificant matters. But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles. The story starts with the acacia trees (金合欢树) in an African wildlife area in central Kenya. Some of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the tree against herbivores (食草动物). The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves. This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers. But these ants are in trouble. Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree- protecting ants. This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt. This ant invasion (入侵) affects one thing after another. It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants. The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas. The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding. This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in. “These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem (生态系统) together, determining who is eaten and where,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida. The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras. The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover. Instead, they are targeting water buffalo. But this also isn’t the end of the story. Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line? 1.What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Direct. B. Discourage. C. Recognize. D. Seek. 2.What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction? A. Cooperating with “big-headed” ants. B. Damaging the hiding place for lions. C. Protecting the acacias from herbivores. D. Starting off the disturbance of the chain. 3.What can we infer from Todd Palmer’s words in paragraph 5? A. Ecologists have found a way to control big-headed ants. B. The African ecosystem will soon recover from the ant invasion. C. Only big-headed ants can influence the survival of other species. D. Big-headed ants have broken the balance of the African ecosystem. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Tiny Ants, Big Impact: Changing the Way Lions Hunt. B. The Law of Jungle: How Elephants Rule the Ecosystem. C. Zebras or Buffalo: Lions’ Choice Shift in Food Preference. D. Ecologists’ New Discovery: Mystery Behind African Acacia Trees. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川成都铁路中学·期中）Imagine a chameleon (变色龙) standing on a rainbow. With every step, it changes color, trying to match its surroundings. But the more it tries, the more confused it gets. Is it red, blue, or green? This is the dilemma (困境) many teenagers face today — shifting identities in an attempt to belong. Psychologist Erik Erikson described adolescence as a stage of “identity vs. role confusion.” It’s a time when young people struggle with questions about their values, purpose, and self-worth. Take a girl for example, a 16-year-old student named Wanjiku in Nairobi. At home, her parents remind her to maintain cultural values — dress modestly, respect elders, and pursue a “practical” career like medicine or law. At school, her peers laugh at her for not being “cool” enough because she doesn’t follow the latest TikTok trends or wear designer sneakers. Wanjiku feels like a chameleon, constantly changing to fit into spaces where she never feels truly accepted. This tug-of-war (拔河) between cultural expectations and global influences is a defining aspect of the identity crisis for many teenagers. Urban teens struggle with balancing tradition and modernity, while those in rural areas feel left behind in a digital age they can barely access. Add peer pressure and academic expectations to the mix, and the search for identity becomes even more challenging. The good news is that every teenager has the potential to overcome this crisis and find their true self. Like a tree bending in the wind, they may shake under pressure but can grow stronger with the right support. Teens need to understand that their worth isn’t determined by others’ opinions. Activities like journaling can help them reflect on their values, passions and strengths. Parents and teachers can guide teenagers toward discovering their true selves. Teaching teenagers to critically analyze social media can protect them from falling into the trap of comparison. 1.Why does the author mention a chameleon in the beginning? A. To raise a question. B. To present an argument. C. To introduce the topic. D. To challenge a popular belief. 2.What has caused confusion for Wanjiku? A. The changing values in culture and society. B. The burning desire to follow the latest trend. C. The conflicting expectations from different groups. D. The ongoing pressure to achieve academic success. 3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The identity crisis facing teenagers. B. The negative impact of globalization. C. The challenge presented by a digital age. D. The struggle between tradition and modernity. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards dealing with the problem? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川成都列五中学·期中）“Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 1.What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 2.What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 3.What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 4.What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川泸州泸县第五中学·期中）For Shi Qinling, a pair of scissors has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade — not as a means of self-protection, but as an artistic expression. Scissors are to this paper-cutting artist what brushes are to painters, or what pens are to writers. Always taking a pair of scissors allows her to create art whenever inspiration hits. Most of her paper-cutting works are inspired by moments in daily life, such as a neighbor’s dog, her own pets and scenes on the streets. In 2010, she started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, the national inheritor (继承人) of the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of paper-cutting. Six years later, Shi was named as a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor and became the city’s “youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Similar to local dialects, paper-cutting comes in different styles, depending on the region. In general, the paper-cutting artworks in the country’s northern area are usually rough patterns used as decorations on windows, walls, roofs, lanterns and other household items. In southern China, paper-cutting is used as the base pattern for embroidery (刺绣) and requires more careful workmanship. Shanghai paper-cutting, on the other hand, is a combination of these two styles. Since the 1960s, Shanghai paper-cutting has been more frequently adopted in artworks and handicrafts. Shi now works at the Fenglin community cultural center and she now plans to produce cultural and creative goods to attract more people to learn paper-cutting. “We are very proud to have this unique folk culture and art project, As we have the responsibility to protect and inherit this cultural heritage, we will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting,” said Liu Li, director of the Fenglin community development office. 1.Why does Shi Qinling take a pair of scissors with her everywhere? A. To protect herself. B. To show her identity as an artist. C. To create works whenever she has inspiration. D. To share paper-cutting skills with ordinary people. 2.What feature do Shi Qinling’s works have? A. They are in various styles. B. They are mainly related to animals. C. They are a hit among young people. D. They are mostly inspired by details of daily life. 3.What can we learn about Shanghai paper-cutting? A. It is usually combined with embroidery. B. It is usually used as decorations during festivals. C. It is a mixture of China’s northern and southern styles. D. It requires greater skill than other paper-cutting forms. 4.What is Liu Li’s attitude toward the paper-cutting project? A. She disapproves of it. B. She supports it. C. She is tolerant of it. D. She doesn’t care about it. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川射洪中学·期中）Has the smartphone lost its power to surprise us? For those of us who cover the tech industry, the answer seems increasingly to be “yes”. The newest iPhones are a clear example — offering modest improvements in speed and photography, yet failing to feel meaningfully different from the phones already in our pockets. This is why some people in the tech industry are eager for something new and are asking, “What will be the next revolutionary (突破性的) invention to change our lives just as deeply as the smart phone or the personal computer?” At the moment, a lot of people believe that it will be smart glasses. Imagine if instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen like a caveman, all of the digital information you need simply appears floating right in front of you, in your glasses. If the technology can be realized, the possibilities are endless. Imagine having satellite navigation (导航) directions appear right there on the road in front of you. Or imagine being able to secretly watch YouTube during a particularly boring meeting. Smart glasses could be big in industry too. They could display detailed instructions to engineers, so they can fix things more quickly. This sounds like science fiction. What’s fun is that while our phones are not greatly changing, if you watch hard enough you can still see small steps being taken by the big tech firms towards technologies that will be directly applicable to smart glasses. So if the technology is here, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? The reason is that there is just one stumbling block (绊脚石) left: the screen. So far no one has invented a good way of projecting (投影) digital images on glass lenses. Though there have been a few attempts, such as Google Glass, they were disadvantaged by a very limited “field of view”. This is a problem that, behind the scenes, the likes of Apple, Google and Facebook are pouring huge resources into solving. So while I can’t say exactly when smart glasses will arrive, they could come into focus much sooner than we think. 1.Why are some people in the tech industry eager for something new? A. Because smart phones were much different from the old ones. B. Because the newest technology didn’t make real breakthroughs. C. Because personal computers were not a revolutionary invention. D. Because no technology ever transformed our lives basically. 2.How does the third paragraph mainly develop? A. By giving examples. B. By explaining causes. C. By introducing a topic. D. By describing a process. 3.What does the author think of the phones at present? A. They are changing greatly. B. They are helpful in developing smart glasses. C. They are more convenient than smart glasses. D. They are limiting the development of new technologies. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Smart glasses are preventing new technology from advancing. B. Smart glasses are the next invention to change the world. C. Digital technology will contribute to endless applications. D. Digital technology is the basis of revolutionary inventions. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川南充高中学·期中）When the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was first announced decades ago, it was a project that many thought “impossible”. Spanning over 2,000 kilometers, the railway has made eight world records. Construction began in 1958 and was completed decades later in 2006, using innovative engineering concepts. Known as one of China’s greatest engineering projects of the 21st century, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sets the record for having the longest track running through frozen areas. More than 550 kilometers of the railway was built on permafrost, a mixture of soil and ice that remains frozen for at least two years. Since water expands in winter and contracts in summer, it threatens roadbed stability-the foundation for railroad tracks. By graveling embankments and installing vent-pipes underneath the roadbed to provide thermal stability (热稳定性) for the permafrost, Chinese engineers successfully solved the problem. On a few stretch, the high-speed trains run on elevated rails (高架轨道). Tracks were laid on a bridge, with piers (桥墩) placed underground. It avoids direct contact between tracks and the permafrost. At an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters, Fenghuoshan Tunnel is the world’s highest tunnel built on permafrost. It was the most challenging part of the project during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Roughly 85 percent of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is over 4,000 meters above sea level. The lack of oxygen posed another challenge. Workers carried oxygen tanks weighing 10 kilograms while completing the construction. Over 110 medical facilities were constructed along the railway with more than 600 medical staff to take care of the workers. Protecting the fragile ecosystem was also a key concern for the engineers. The railway runs through Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve and several other nature reserves, where many rare plants and animals live, including the endangered Tibetan antelope (藏羚羊). A total of 33 passageways were built along the railway for wildlife to safely cross. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has boosted the economic and social development of Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region and made traveling more convenient across the nation. Its construction showcases China’s perseverance. 1.What significant engineering challenge did the Qinghai-Tibet Railway overcome? A. Building the longest bridge in the world. B. Creating the deepest underwater tunnel. C. Constructing tracks through permafrost. D. Designing the highest railway station globally. 2.How did the engineers deal with the challenge of permafrost affecting roadbed stability? A. By using reinforced concrete. B. By heating the ground beneath the tracks. C. By laying tracks on a bridge without direct contact. D. By graveling embankments and installing vent-pipes. 3.What can be inferred about the working conditions during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? A. There was an abundance of oxygen in the air. B. The construction site was easily accessible by road. C. Workers faced extreme altitude and low oxygen. D. The railway was built entirely by automated machinery. 4.What can be the best title of the passage? A. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: World’s Longest Railway B. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: An Engineering Wonder C. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: Negative Ecological Impact D. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: Fastest Trains Globally Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川成都列五中学·期中）Being bored is no fun, especially at work. There’s nothing worse than finding yourself bored in your office on a Monday morning and realize there’s still four and a half more days to the weekend. But a new research done by Australian National University argues that while boredom is certainly boring, it isn’t all bad. This bored mental state can actually spark (引发) precious creativity. The study asked 52 subjects (实验对象) to do a boring job: Sort apart a bowl of red and green beans with just one hand for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, 49 other subjects — the control group — were instructed to create art projects with paper, beans, and glue. Once the 30 minutes was over, each group was asked to spend five minutes on a creative task:they had to come up with reasons why a hypothetical (假设的) person was two hours late for a meeting. The researchers found that the bored group came up with not just more ideas but more creative ideas than the control group. The research found that although some previous research implies boredom can lead to dissatisfaction at a job, boredom didn’t produce unwanted emotions that could be detrimental to mental health. In this case, people who were bored were just bored, and they walked away with a net benefit of creativity. “Boredom is not miserable and harmful based on my research,” says the study’s lead author, Guihyun Park. “People want to get out of a boring state, so they are induced to novelty-seeking (追求新奇的) unique thinking, which brings out creativity.” 1.What can we know about the 52 subjects? A. They often felt very bored. B. They always thought of weekends. C. They were asked to do creative work. D. They were required to sort beans. 2.What can we learn from the third paragraph? A. The bored group was as creative as the control group. B. Bored people could work better than those who were not. C. The two groups did different tasks to test their creativity. D. Bored people are often late for a meeting. 3.What can the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 4 probably be replaced by? A. Valuable. B. Effective. C. Harmful. D. Positive. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Boredom Brings out Creativity B. Never Feel Bored When Doing Work C. Being Bored Is No Fun at Work D. Boredom Produces Unwanted Emotions Passage 4 （25-26高一上·四川内江市第一中学·期中）Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges. Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(音高). One of the study's authors, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music ''actually tunes our sensory system''. This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs, Dr. Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems. Mandarin(普通话)speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding(编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A single-syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned. For this study, the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years. As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word ''mi'' in three of its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice. The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds. The lead author of the study, Patrick C. M. Wong, said it might work both ways. It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments. 1.When learning Chinese, a foreigner will find _____. A. it difficult to learn music at the same time B. it not difficult to learn music at the same time C. it hard to master the tones required to speak and understand D. it easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch 2.Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training? A. Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music. B. Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain. C. Because music training might help people with language study. D. Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music. 3.The underlined word ''intoned'' in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by the word ''_____''. A. created B. spelled C. seemed D. pronounced 4.What would be the best title of this passage? A. Mandarin Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers B. Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study C. Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning D. Schools Need to Develop Music Programs 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川射洪中学·期中）A good many facts show that it is more difficult to learn a new language as an adult than as a child, which has led scientists to think that there is a “critical (关键的) period” for language learning. However, the length of this period and its main causes remain unknown. A new study performed at MIT suggests that children remain very skilled at learning the grammar of a new language much longer than expected — up to the age of 17 or 18. However, the study also found that it is nearly impossible for people to achieve fluency similar to that of a native speaker unless they start learning a language by the age of 10. “If you want to have native-like knowledge of English grammar, you should start by about 10 years old. We don’t see very much difference between people who start at birth and people who start at 10, but we start seeing a going down after that,” says Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College, who made this study as a postdoc at MIT. People who start learning a language between 10 and 18 will still learn quickly, but since they have a shorter window before their learning ability goes down, they do not achieve the fluency of native speakers, the researchers found. The findings are based on an analysis of a grammar quiz taken by nearly 670,000 people, which is by far the largest data set that anyone has collected for a study of language-learning ability. “It’s been very difficult until now to get all the data you would need to answer this question of how long the critical period lasts,” says Josh Tenenbaum, an MIT professor of brain science and an author of the paper. “But this is one of those hard-to-get opportunities in science where we could work on a question that is very old, that many smart people have thought about and written about, and take a new angle to see something that maybe other people haven’t.” 1.What is the best way for a child to sound like a native English speaker? A. Starting learning before 10 years old. B. Learning English for at least 10 years. C. Paying more attention to the grammar. D. Studying with the help of a native speaker. 2.Why does the author mention the grammar quiz in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the largest data set. B. To stress the importance of grammar. C. To show the truth of the findings. D. To explain the popularity of English. 3.How does Josh Tenenbaum feel about taking part in the study? A. Worried. B. Lucky. C. Bored. D. Confused. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why children are better at learning languages than adults. B. To introduce a new study on the important period for language learning. C. To discuss the importance of words and grammar in language learning. D. To compare the language learning abilities of people of different ages. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川南充西充中学·期中）The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages. Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.” Among the benefits of learning a second language is the possibility to “increase brain power (智力)”, Ms Baker said. Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function (心智功能). “The future of our kids will not depend on academic (学业的) abilities as much as it has done,” she said. “We’re still really focused on academic grades. I’m not saying they are not important, but they’re not everything. We have to think about what the kids need for their future.” Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school: Advanced Higher French and German as well as beginner’s level Russian, which her French teacher taught “just for fun”. Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).” Since studying translation, she has worked as an in-house translator and an assistant language teacher (of English) in Osaka, Japan. She is now a translator in Edinburgh. “I love my job and I’ll always be thankful to my language teachers at school who taught me how to learn,” she said. 1.What does Ellie Baker suggest children do? A. Learn languages through music. B. Focus on their academic grades. C. Learn languages at an early age. D. Be clear about their real needs. 2.What does the underlined word “benefits” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Advantages. B. Types. C. Directions. D. Methods. 3.What is the major influence of learning languages on Cassandra Scott? A. It prepared her for her career. B. It helped her travel around the world. C. It made her fall in love with literature. D. It changed her understanding of English. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To encourage kids to learn several foreign languages. B. To discuss the importance of learning foreign languages. C. To show the challenge of learning foreign languages. D. To introduce a new study on foreign language learning. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川南充西充中学·期中）Although South Africans are known for their friendliness and warmth, our accent (口音) is not well-received, with a new study showing our accent is the world’s 12th friendliest. According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me. The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly. Although the New Zealand accent is similar to the Australian accent, New Zealanders came 15th with just 1 in 100 choosing the Kiwi accent as the friendliest. In understanding why some accents are viewed as more friendly than others, Dr Christopher Strelluf from the University of Warwick said attitudes towards language varieties (变体) usually show the ideas “we have about people who speak those varieties”. “If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.” “The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for ‘correct’ English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf. “In this study, the attitudes towards English show the basic ways we continue to find our way through social relationships using language and our thoughts about language.” 1.How does the author probably feel about the study? A. Excited. B. Doubtful. C. Surprised. D. Satisfied 2.Which of the four accents is least friendly according to the study? A. The American accent. B. The Canadian accent. C. The Australian accent. D. The British accent. 3.What may the study lead people to think according to Strelluf? A. Americans are nice and warm. B. Americans are usually talkative. C. Americans like language to be varied. D. Americans like to explore the world. 4.Why does Strelluf mention people’s preferred Englishes in paragraph 4? A. To show the development of the global marketplace. B. To explain the importance of learning “correct English”. C. To draw attention to the changing face of global English. D. To compare the difference of English in the UK and the US. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·四川遂宁中学·期中）There are 6,909 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about six percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe. With more than 1.3 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China’s area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages. When speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 15 dialects (方言) spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn’t stopped it from becoming the second most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, including places as far flung as North America, India and Pakistan. Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing work in these fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe. Since the popularity of social media, the development of a Global Language Network can be mapped using book translations, Twitter, and Wikipedia. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics of use from these social networks indicate that while English is definitely the center in the Global Language Network, other intermediate centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are vastly more popular than German or French, and it is likely that those languages will grow in use of traditional and new media. 1.What does the underlined word “dominate” mean? A. Rule. B. Follow. C. Improve. D. Weaken. 2.Which of the following does not contribute to the widespread use of Chinese? A. The large population of China. B. The various dialects of Chinese. C. The geographical size of China. D. Its influence in global colonization. 3.Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language? A. It promotes national tourism. B. It is helpful for them to seek jobs. C. It is mainly used in local business. D. It allows them become online influencers. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. English will become less central in the future. B. Social media is equally accessible to all people. C. Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business. D. Language use is changing due to social media use. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·四川遂宁中学·期中）With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think? Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen. Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read. Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better. So what can we do? We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice. 1.What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper? A. It is better for reading quick news. B. It brings peaceful reading experience. C. It provides a new adventure for readers. D. It helps to improve communication abilities. 2.Why might students miss details when reading on screens? A. Screens make the text harder to read. B. The text on screens is usually less detailed. C. Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply. D. Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas. 3.What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits? A. She hardly uses screens in daily reading. B. She likes using Kindle for all types of reading. C. She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading. D. She prefers to use paper for challenging literature. 4.Which is the best title for this passage? A. The Advantages Digital Learning Brings B. Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens C. How Reading on Paper Shapes Students D. The Importance of Online Learning at Home Passage 6 （25-26高一上·四川资阳安岳中学·期中）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers (电子阅读器). The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward. Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system, ” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 1.Which expression can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A. Referring to. B. Getting rid of. C. Getting used to. D. Making use of. 2.What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A. Bookmarks. B. Fingers. C. The progress bar. D. The opening part. 3.Why does the writer give the example in paragraph 5? A. To explain an opposing idea. B. To provide additional information. C. To support the author’s argument. D. To connect paragraph 5 and 6. 4.What might be the best title? A. Printed books — Great Benefits B. Printed books — A Bright Future C. Printed books — A Welcomed Return D. Printed books — Better than E-books 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·四川成都盐道街中学·期中）Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect? Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice. However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者). At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness. 1.What’s the focus of the research? A. How human views affect animal protection efforts. B. What qualities different types of animal species have. C. How human activities influence wildlife populations. D. What characteristics affect public interest in species. 2.What do we know from paragraph 2? A. Companions are more capable than others. B. Predators are always feared and hunted. C. Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D. Pests are generally well-liked by people. 3.Why are bees an important species to save? A. They are popular pets among humans. B. They rank high in warmth and competence. C. They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems. D. They support species variety through pollination. 4.What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph? A. To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals. B. To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection. C. To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions. D. To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川成都第二十中学·期中）Spiders are pretty remarkable. They live almost everywhere, from rainforests to deserts. Some even spend most of their lives underwater. They are smarter than you think, with some able to make plans and count. Scientists think they might even dream when they sleep. Yet many people find these eight-legged animals scary. Now, it seems, fake news maybe mostly to blame. Media reports about people’s encounters with spiders tend to be full of falsehoods, a new study finds. “The vast majority of the spider content out there is about their being scary and hurting people, ”says arachnologist Catherine Scott. In reality, researchers note, “Spiders almost never bite people.” In fact, many spiders protect us by eating insects, such as mosquitoes, which spread disease. Even spiders that could pose a threat rarely bite people, Scott says. For the new study, Scott and their colleagues analyzed more than 5,000 online newspaper stories about humans and spiders. Each had been published between 2010 and 2020. They came from 81 countries and were written in 40 languages. The researchers didn’t just find errors in the stories. More than four in ten, articles had overblown the spiders’ behaviors and often used sensational words like killers and nightmares to describe them. If people knew the truth about spiders, they would spend less time blaming them for bites caused by other animals, Scott argues. People might also be less likely to kill spiders with pesticides that are poisonous to other species including humans. Clearing spiders’ name would be good for them, too. Say, for instance, the ones in your house that don’t get squashed (压扁) out of fear. Improving spiders’ public image could even boost conservation efforts in general. “Spiders are kind of unique in that they seem to be really good at grabbing people’s attention,” says Lisa Taylor, an arachnologist who was not involved in the study. “If that attention is paired with real information about how fascinating they are, then I think spiders are well-suited to serve as tiny ambassadors for wildlife in general.” 1.What probably contributes to spiders’ ill names? A. Scientific studies. B. Untrue stories. C. Their errors. D. Their ugly looks. 2.What can we learn about spiders from Paragraph 2? A. Spiders are smarter than you. B. Spiders never bite people. C. Most spiders spread disease. D. Spiders protect people in a way. 3.What can we infer from Lisa Taylor’s words? A. Spiders are not good at disguising themselves. B. Spiders would be better protected if treated rightly. C. Public attention is consistent with real information. D. Improvement in spiders’ public image makes no sense. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Spiders Unfairly Negative B. Spiders’ Public Image C. Well-suited Ambassadors D. Spiders Actually Scary Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川内江市第一中学·期中）John Charlie Veron—widely known as the “Father of Coral Reef (珊瑚礁) ” — is a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and has spent the past 45 years studying Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. But now the 73-year-old is raising the alarm about its future. The Great Barrier Reef, one of the natural wonders, is 2,300 kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space. It is considered a world treasure site due to its biodiversity (生物多样性) with 30 species of whales, dolphins and sharks. Within the reef itself, there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes. However, its health is threatened. After the recent mass bleaching (白化) events, Veron dived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage by himself. “I was seeing and feeling it and it was absolutely shocking,” he says. Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures are a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threat to the reef. Fortunately, earlier this year, the Australian government announced nearly 400million dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef. There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process of the funding. “It won’t be wasted, though,” Veron says. “Scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef. What the scientists hope to do is help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.” 1.Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a world treasure site? A. It is a natural wonder. B. It can be seen from space. C. It has a rich variety of species. D. It is 2,300 kilometers long. 2.Which does Veron think is one of the biggest threats to the reef? A. Human activities. B. Climate change. C. Bleaching events. D. Tiny organisms and fishes. 3.What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncertain. D. Uncaring. 4.What does the text mainly tell us? A. The health of the reef in the world is worrying. B. Climate change is threatening biodiversity. C. The reasons for the reef bleaching are clear. D. The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川自贡市第一中学·期中）According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs. The farm animals, which are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel (新奇的). The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society: Open Science, shows the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson. First, the sheep were trained to get close to certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the images for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle. “Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are smart, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.” Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human beings, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, have a bad effect on this ability. “Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington's disease, which develop over a long time and influence cognitive (认知的) abilities. Our study gives us another way to study how these abilities change.” Morton said. 1.According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep? A. They have large brains. B. They can recognize their owners. C. They can recognize human faces from photographs. D. They know the differences between animals and humans. 2.How did the researchers train the sheep? A. By giving food rewards. B. By showing photos of famous people. C. By guiding them to follow their handlers. D. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns. 3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Sheep are more clever than monkeys. B. The new discovery is helpful to study cognitive ability changes. C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent brain disorders. D. The face-recognition ability is the most important skill for sheep. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. It discusses the life of sheep. B. It’s about a wonderful scientist. C. It tells us a new discovery about sheep. D. It shows how sheep recognize human faces. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川阆中中学·期中）Imagine a school where students are taught by the best teachers in every subject, regardless of location. Imagine a school where students could go on safe field trips to the Amazon rainforest or Everest base camp. Well, such schools are already being built: in virtual(虚拟的)reality. Last year, Optima Academy Online, an all-virtual school, delivered courses that aim to improve the hearts and train the minds of young people. These courses are of different levels, attracting 170 full-time students from all over Florida. In the progress of home-schooling, students use headsets for about three hours a day for formal lessons and then do course work independently with digital check-ins. Future versions(版本)of VR will doubtless be widely used in education, but the only questions are: for what purpose and at what speed? There are enough reasons to doubt whether VR schools represent the future of education. Sticking a child in their bedroom with a heavy VR headset fastened to their face and no physical social interaction with other kids will fill many of them and their parents with horror. A recent report concluded that digital education could significantly improve the quality and equality of schooling systems. But if managed poorly, it could have the opposite effect, turning a digital divide into an educational one. There is growing evidence to suggest that is happening. In Mexico, only 24 percent of 15-year-old students in poor schools have access(使用)to a home computer for schoolwork compared with 87 percent in rich ones. Used properly, technology can be great for enabling self-motivated students to access learning resources and connect with fellow students and teachers all over the world, says Beeban Kidron, a member of the UK’s Digital Futures Commission. The trouble is that Edtech is too often seen as a shiny new toy that will solve all problems and save money rather than being viewed as a different way to learn, she adds. 1.What can we learn about Optima Academy Online? A. It has been widely accepted. B. It holds faraway outdoor field trips. C. It provides various online courses. D. It requires parents to help with check-ins. 2.What does paragraph 3 focus on about VR in education? A. The development. B. The concerns. C. The advantages. D. The popularity. 3.Students in Mexico are mentioned to show________． A. Mexican schooling quality has been improved B. local schooling systems are not fully developed C. technology access gaps may cause education inequality D. family backgrounds shape people’s views on education 4.What does Beeban Kidron think of digital education? A. It enriches learning. B. It’s irreplaceable. C. It needs improving. D. It’s undervalued. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川成都第七中学·期中）A tool, called Nightshade, lets artists add invisible changes to their art before they upload it online to fight back against AI companies that use their work to train AI models without the creator’s permission. Using it to “poison” this training data could damage future image-generating AI models by making some of their outputs useless-dogs become cats, cars become cows, and so forth. Generative AI models are excellent at making connections between words, which helps the poison spread. Nightshade infects not only the word “dog” but all similar concepts, such as “puppy,” “husky,” and “wolf.” The poison attack also works on indirectly related images. For example, if the model scraped (抓取) a poisoned image for the prompt (提示) “fantasy art,” the prompts “dragon” and “a castle in The Lord of the Rings” would similarly be transformed into something else. Some AI companies are facing a number of lawsuits (诉讼) from artists who claim that their copyrighted material and personal information was scraped without approval or compensation. Ben Zhao, a professor at the University of Chicago, who led the team that created Nightshade, says the hope is that it will help tip the power balance back from AI companies towards artists, by showing respect for artists’ copyright and intellectual property. Zhao admits there is a risk that people might abuse the data poisoning technique for evil uses. However, he says attackers would need thousands of poisoned samples to cause real damage to larger, more powerful models, as they are trained on billions. AI companies have offered to let artists opt out of having their images used to train future versions of the models. But artists say this is not enough: Eva Toorenent, an illustrator and artist, says: opt-out policies require artists to jump through hoops and still leave tech companies with all the power. He hopes Nightshade will change the current situation and AI companies will think twice before they act. 1.What do we know about Nightshade from the first paragraph? A. It helps artists to defend lawful rights. B. It warns netizens of the online danger. C. It reminds artists of stolen works. D. It poisons AI companies’ output. 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The way the “poison” spreads. B. The targets the poison attacks. C. The types of transformed images. D. The advantage of AI models. 3.How does Eva Toorenent look at the opt-out policy? A. Thankful. B. Fearful. C. Dissatisfied. D. Positive. 4.Which of the following would be a suitable title of this text? A. Nightshade: Useless Output Creator. B. Nightshade: Data Poison Technology. C. Nightshade: Artists’ Rights Protector. D. Nightshade: Image-generating Model. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川仁寿第一中学·期中）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.” In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution. C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection. 2.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast. 3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers Passage 4 （25-26高一上·四川成都铁路中学·期中）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature. 2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists. C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C. The same nature experience takes different forms. D. The nature language enhances work performance. 4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·四川泸州泸县第五中学·期中）The researchers used a machine learning technique known as Artemis named for the Greek hunting goddess to discover that “junk DNA” may play a crucial role in development of tumors (瘤). Scientists have used Al to clarify the human body’s so-called dark genome (基因组) and develop a potentially powerful new approach to cancer detection, monitoring and treatment. Investigators at Johns Hopkins University in the US have revealed how previously little-studied repeats of genetic code sequences — known as “junk DNA” or dark matter — are associated with tumors. The research, published in Science Translational Medicine on Wednesday, shows how AI and other advanced computing technologies are deepening understanding of diseases and how to deal with them. The scientists reviewed more than 1,200 distinct types of repeat DNA elements comprising almost half the human genome. They found that many of these junk genetic code pieces not previously linked to cancer had changed during tumor formation. In the researcher’s analysis of 736 genes linked to cancer formation, almost two-thirds contained on average 15 times more the number of repeat DNA sequences than expected. The findings suggested the junk pieces were “not occurring randomly” in cancerous tissues and were instead potentially revealing markers of tumors, Velculescu said. “They end up being gathered around genes that are altered in cancer in a variety of different ways, providing the first glimpse that these sequences may be key to tumor development,” he said. “While still at an early stage, this research demonstrates how some cancers could be diagnosed earlier by detecting tumor-specific changes in cells collected from blood samples,” said Hattie Brooks, a charity’s research information manager. Although there is still a long way to go before Artemis could be used in the clinic, it’s always exciting to see new approaches showing potential in detecting cancer sooner. 1.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. Investigators in the US have revealed how to deal with tumors. B. AI and other advanced computing technologies can cure cancer. C. Science Translational Medicine belongs to Johns Hopkins University. D. The repeats of genetic code sequences were rarely studied by scientists. 2.What did the research find? A. Junk DNA was not linked to cancer. B. Junk DNA changed tumor formation. C. Junk DNA appeared randomly in cancerous tissues. D. Junk DNA was likely to be critical to tumor formation. 3.What does the author intend to do in the last two paragraphs? A. To provide examples. B. To explain concepts. C. To express expectations. D. To draw comparisons. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Artemis — An AI to Clarify the Human’s Dark Genome. B. Artemis — A Potential New Approach to Detect Cancer. C. Artemis — A Machine Learning Technique to Cure Cancer. D. Artemis — A Greek Hunting Goddess to Discover Junk DNA. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·四川广安华蓥中学·期中）A good many facts show that it is more difficult to learn a new language as an adult than as a child, which has led scientists to think that there is a “critical (关键的) period” for language learning. However, the length of this period and its main causes remain unknown. A new study performed at MIT suggests that children remain very skilled at learning the grammar of a new language much longer than expected — up to the age of 17 or 18. However, the study also found that it is nearly impossible for people to achieve fluency similar to that of a native (本地的) speaker unless they start learning a language by the age of 10. “If you want to have native-like knowledge of English grammar, you should start by about 10 years old. We don’t see very much difference between people who start at birth and people who start at 10, but we start seeing a going down after that,” says Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College, who made this study as a postdoc at MIT. People who start learning a language between 10 and 18 will still learn quickly, but since they have a shorter window before their learning ability goes down, they do not achieve the fluency of native speakers, the researchers found. The findings are based on an analysis of a grammar quiz taken by nearly 670,000 people, which is by far the largest data set that anyone has collected for a study of language-learning ability. “It’s been very difficult until now to get all the data you would need to answer this question of how long the critical period lasts,” says Josh Tenenbaum, an MIT professor of brain science and an author of the paper. “But this is one of those hard-to-get opportunities in science where we could work on a question that is very old, that many smart people have thought about and written about, and take a new angle to see something that maybe other people haven’t.” 1.What is the best way for a child to sound like a native English speaker? A. Starting learning before 10 years old. B. Learning English for at least 10 years. C. Paying more attention to the grammar. D. Studying with the help of a native speaker. 2.Why does the author mention the grammar quiz in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the largest data set. B. To stress the importance of grammar. C. To show the truth of the findings. D. To explain the popularity of English. 3.How does Josh Tenenbaum feel about taking part in the study? A. Worried. B. Lucky. C. Bored. D. Confident. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why children are better at learning languages than adults. B. To introduce a new study on the important period for language learning. C. To discuss the importance of words and grammar in language learning. D. To compare the language learning abilities of people of different ages. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·四川绵竹中学-上·期中）Sometimes, what my seven-year-old tabby cat Ophelia wants is obvious. Crying in front of her empty food bowl at dinner time clearly indicates she’s at risk of starvation. Other times, though, her meows are a complete and total mystery. That’s where Sergei Dreizin and Mark Boyes, computer scientists at Akvelon, a software engineering company based in Bellevue, Washington, say they can help. They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app, which aims to “give cat owners the best tools available” for interpreting their pet’s needs. When Boyes and Dreizin were looking for data to inform their new app, they came across 2019 research that revealed cat meows contain certain shared characteristics. The study authors then built a computer program to analyze audio recordings of 21 adult cats meowing. The MeowTalk founders used these audio recordings of tens of thousands of meows to develop their computer models, which is fueled by artificial intelligence. And it worked. 2021 study found MeowTalk can classify nine feline (猫科的) phrases with 90 percent accuracy. The free app records your feline’s meows and translates them into a small range of phrases, such as “I’m annoyed.” and “Feed me!” Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations, which further improves the computer model. Launched in November 2020, the app has been downloaded over 20 million times, and Dreizin estimates that the program has analyzed over a billion meows to date. “We’re the largest depositors of meows in this galaxy,” he quips. The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet, which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need; for instance, a cat can learn to press a button that says the word “play”. Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy, but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal. “If people play with the app, maybe they will become more attentive to their cats,” says de Mouzon, of Paris Nanterre University. 1.How can computer scientists at Akvelon help cat owners? A. By making cats’ needs fulfilled. B. By getting cats rid of starvation. C. By filling the empty food bowls. D. By solving the mysteries of cats’ meows. 2.What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. Users think the app very helpful. B. Users can help to promote the app. C. Dreizin thinks the app is the most accurate. D. The program has analyzed billions of meows. 3.What’s Charlotte’s attitude to this kind of apps? A. Doubtful. B. Conservative. C. Positive. D. Negative. 4.What is the purpose of the the text? A. To comment on two apps. B. To compare two similar apps. C. To introduce the new technology. D. To recommend an app to cats’ owners. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D 1/4 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.A 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.D3.C4B 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.B 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 214 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.D Passage 5 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4B Passage 6 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.C 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.D 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C 拓展培优)》 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A 3/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.A3.C4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B Passage 5 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.B 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4C 414 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川科学城第一中学·期中）Do you hit the ground running as soon as you open your eyes in the morning? Are you guilty of constantly complaining that there aren’t enough hours in the day to finish your tasks? If so, you might be part of the “hustle culture”. It emphasizes the belief that the more you work, the more successful you will be. The culture involves sacrificing (牺牲) your personal time to work toward your professional goals. It encourages you to focus only on work rather than on everything else around you that makes your life rich. This is a culture that plenty of people have been persuaded to believe in and follow. After all, we live in societies that celebrate hard work and look down on those who appear lazy. However, some are beginning to back away from this trend as it is creating problems in their lives. Social media has played a major role in promoting the hustle culture. Young professionals are online, boasting about their hardworking way of life. They’re proud of the fact that they hustle seven days a week. Their videos promote the idea that rest is for the weak and that a person’s value comes from their productivity and success. However, some people are discovering how harmful this can be. Kianna, a successful social media influencer, was once a great believer in hustle culture. But with just four hours of sleep each night, her life was falling apart, and she was experiencing burnout. Kianna began to receive treatment and learned the important lesson of work: she needed to regularly make time for herself. Communication expert and coach Brooks E. Scott says that attitudes towards the hustle culture are changing: “To get ahead, you also need some creative space to rest... You can’t find it if you’re always busy.” Some specialists think we must take some healthy approaches to success and learn to strike a balance between work and life. 1.Why does the writer begin the passage with two questions? A. To make a comparison. B. To lead in the topic. C. To express personal doubt. D. To ask for information. 2.According to the passage, who is likely to be a member of “hustle culture”? A. Lily who often works overtime. B. Emma who puts relaxation first. C. John who likes running. D. Mike who plays games at night. 3.What did Kianna realize after suffering burnout? A. She had better quit social media. B. She should work even harder online. C. She needed to balance work and rest. D. She wanted to develop hustle culture. 4.What may be discussed in the following paragraphs? A. Successful people who follow the hustle culture. B. Ways to stay healthy while pursuing success. C. Negative results of social media pressure. D. Limits between job and personal time. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了内卷文化以及其负面影响，呼吁人们反思过度工作、追求工作与生活的健康平衡。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Do you hit the ground running as soon as you open your eyes in the morning? Are you guilty of constantly complaining that there aren’t enough hours in the day to finish your tasks?(你是那种一睁眼就立刻投入忙碌的人吗？你是不是总忍不住抱怨一天时间不够用，任务永远做不完？)”和第二段首句“If so, you might be part of the “hustle culture”.(如果是，你可能正身处“内卷文化”之中。)”可知，文章开头的两个问题旨在直接引发读者对自身生活节奏和工作习惯的思考，从而自然引入“内卷文化”这一主题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It emphasizes the belief that the more you work, the more successful you will be. The culture involves sacrificing (牺牲) your personal time to work toward your professional goals. It encourages you to focus only on work rather than on everything else around you that makes your life rich.(这种文化强调一个信念：工作越多，就越成功。它意味着牺牲个人时间为职业目标奋斗，鼓励你只专注于工作，而忽视生活中其他让生命丰盈的事物。)”可知，内卷文化是指牺牲个人时间追求职业目标、将工作置于生活之上，故“经常加班的Lily”最符合这一描述。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Kianna began to receive treatment and learned the important lesson of work: she needed to regularly make time for herself.(Kianna开始接受治疗，并学到了关于工作的重要一课：她需要定期为自己留出时间。)”可知， Kianna因过度工作导致健康崩溃后，通过治疗意识到“需要定期为自己留出时间”，即平衡工作与休息。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Some specialists think we must take some healthy approaches to success and learn to strike a balance between work and life.(一些专家认为，我们必须采取更健康的方式追求成功，学会在工作和生活之间找到平衡。)”可知，文章结尾提到需要采取健康的方式追求成功，并学会平衡工作与生活，故下文最可能继续探讨实现这一目标的具体方法。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川眉山中学·期中）At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true talents achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less able. In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked to observe a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily recognizable colors and the other with colors that were quite similar, requiring more effort to distinguish. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. The study shows that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade (衰退) over time. This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing too much on results or singing high praises for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the “Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education. 1.Which of the following is experiencing “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. Someone who thinks more of effort than well-being. B. Someone who reduces stress through social activities. C. Someone who shows graceful images to attract others. D. Someone who hides hard work to appear naturally gifted. 2.What can we learn about the experiment according to paragraph 3? A. It shows effort fuels the brain activity. B. It proves focus enhances brain function. C. It associates careful observation with talent. D. It links memory storage to abstract reasoning. 3.What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. It values the learning process over results. B. It causes stress and false ideas about success. C. It makes students focus too much on socializing. D. It prevents students from recognizing their talents. 4.Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece. B. Fortune favors those with high intelligence. C. Work in silence and let success make the noise. D. Talent plays a more critical role in success than effort. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“斯坦福鸭子综合征”，指一些学生在表面上表现得轻松自在，但实际上在背后付出了巨大的努力，这种努力隐藏的现象导致了压力和关于成功的错误观念。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段“At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. (在顶尖大学中，有一种被称为“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的现象。就像鸭子一样，学生们表面上看起来行动优雅。然而，在水面之下，他们正拼命划水以跟上节奏。)”和第二段中“Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. (斯坦福大学健康服务的专家揭示了这一令人担忧的趋势：白天，许多斯坦福学生被看到在咖啡馆里社交，似乎没有任何压力或学习的需求。然而，到了晚上，他们开始学习，有时甚至通宵达旦，试图维持那种毫不费力的成功形象。)”可知，“斯坦福鸭子综合征”描述的是学生们表面上看起来轻松优雅，实际上却在背后拼命努力，以维持自己轻松成功的形象。即隐藏努力工作以显得天生聪明。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. (随着任务难度的增加，大脑活动明显增加，特别是在与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域。)”和第四段中“The study shows that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. (这项研究表明，随着任务需要更多的努力，大脑更多的区域会变得活跃。)”可知，实验通过展示任务难度增加时，大脑活动特别是与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域活动明显增加，来挑战“天才轻松成功，努力者能力不足”的误解，证明了努力会激发大脑活动。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true talents achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less able. (但这代价高昂：疲惫与焦虑四处蔓延。此外，这还催生了一种普遍的错误认知：真正的天才轻轻松松就能获得成功，而埋头苦干之人反倒能力不足。)”可知，作者对“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的主要担忧是它导致学生产生对成功的错误观念，即认为真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而努力工作的人则能力较差。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time. (成长不仅仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力。我们的大脑就像肌肉一样。如果不努力，即使我们天生的才能也会随着时间的推移而消退。)”和最后一段“By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. (通过鼓励一种重视努力的文化，我们可以帮助学生认识到智力不是固定的，而是可以通过努力工作得到发展的。)”可知，作者认为成长不仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力，大脑就像肌肉一样，如果不努力，即使天生的才能也会随时间消退，鼓励重视努力的文化可以帮助学生意识到智力不是固定的，而是通过努力工作成长的。因此，作者可能会同意“汗水是书写杰作的墨水”这一观点，即努力是取得成功的关键。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川成都树德中学·期中）Google Translate has improved significantly over the years. Initially, it relied on statistical machine translation (SMT), which analyzed many translated texts to predict the most likely translations. However, in recent years, Google has switched to neural (神经的) machine translation (NMT), which uses deep learning models to improve accuracy by understanding context rather than just individual words. The system works by translating entire sentences instead of translating word by word. This produces more natural-sounding results, especially for European languages, which share similar structures. However, for more complex language pairs, particularly those with major grammatical differences, the accuracy is lower. Several studies have been conducted to measure the accuracy of Google Translate, including research from the UCLA Medical Center. The results show that while the tool works well with commonly spoken languages, it has difficulty with complex sentence structures and less commonly translated texts. A study by Slator found that Google Translate’s accuracy largely depends on the specific language pairs. For example, translations between English and Spanish are often better than translations involving Asian or African languages, where grammatical structures and cultural differences are very different. Moreover, research from Smartling indicates that Google Translate is most suitable for basic communication rather than professional or legal translations. While it can provide a general idea of a text’s meaning, it often falls short of delivering correct translations for specialized fields like medicine, law, or marketing. Despite improvements, Google Translate is not free from errors. First, the tool sometimes translates phrases word-for-word, resulting in unnatural or incorrect meanings. Second, sentence structures may be incorrect, especially in non-European languages. Additionally, Google Translate has trouble with ambiguous (含糊的) words or cultural differences that require deeper understanding. AI translations often lose the meaning of phrases that are unique to a specific culture. 1.How does NMT differ from SMT? A. It takes advantage of big data. B. It focuses on structural changes. C. It gives diverse translation results. D. It stresses relations between lines. 2.What can be inferred from Google Translate-related studies? A. It works poorly for all non-European languages. B. Some language pairs produce better results than others. C. Its translations in legal fields are fully reliable. D. Cultural differences have little effect on translation. 3.What does the underlined phrase “falls short of” mean in paragraph 4? A. Try one’s best. B. Make a quick decision. C. Fail to meet the standard. D. Fall a very short distance. 4.What is an improvement direction for Google Translate? A. Fewer grammar mistakes. B. Unique user experiences. C. Quicker responses. D. Offline translation. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌翻译从统计机器翻译到神经机器翻译的发展，分析了其工作方式、不同语言对的翻译表现、适用场景及现存问题（如语法错误、文化差异处理不足等）。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Initially, it relied on statistical machine translation (SMT), which analyzed many translated texts to predict the most likely translations. However, in recent years, Google has switched to neural (神经的) machine translation (NMT), which uses deep learning models to improve accuracy by understanding context rather than just individual words.(最初，它依赖统计机器翻译（SMT），这种翻译方式会分析大量已翻译文本以预测最可能的译文。然而，近年来，谷歌转向了神经机器翻译（NMT），它使用深度学习模型，通过理解语境而非仅关注单个单词来提高准确性。)”可知，NMT与SMT的区别在于NMT注重理解语境，而非SMT仅依赖文本分析。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A study by Slator found that Google Translate’s accuracy largely depends on the specific language pairs. For example, translations between English and Spanish are often better than translations involving Asian or African languages, where grammatical structures and cultural differences are very different.(Slator的一项研究发现，谷歌翻译的准确性在很大程度上取决于特定的语言组合。例如，英语和西班牙语之间的翻译通常比涉及亚洲或非洲语言的翻译效果更好，因为这些语言的语法结构和文化差异非常大。)”可知，不同语言组合的翻译效果存在差异，部分语言组合的翻译结果优于其他组合。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Moreover, research from Smartling indicates that Google Translate is most suitable for basic communication rather than professional or legal translations. While it can provide a general idea of a text’s meaning, it often falls short of delivering correct translations for specialized fields like medicine, law, or marketing.(此外，来自Smartling的研究表明，谷歌翻译最适合基础交流，而非专业或法律领域的翻译。虽然它能让人了解文本的大致意思，但在医学、法律或营销等专业领域，它往往______提供准确的译文。)”可知，前文明确谷歌翻译不适合专业领域，且“while”表转折，强调其在基础交流中能发挥作用，但在专业领域无法达到“提供准确译文”的要求，结合语境可推断，“falls short of”表达“无法达到某种标准或要求”的含义。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite improvements, Google Translate is not free from errors. First, the tool sometimes translates phrases word-for-word, resulting in unnatural or incorrect meanings. Second, sentence structures may be incorrect, especially in non-European languages. Additionally, Google Translate has trouble with ambiguous (含糊的) words or cultural differences that require deeper understanding.(尽管有所改进，谷歌翻译仍存在错误。首先，该工具有时会逐字翻译短语，导致意思不自然或不正确。其次，句子结构可能不正确，尤其是在非欧洲语言的翻译中。此外，谷歌翻译在处理需要深入理解的含糊单词或文化差异时存在困难。)”可知，谷歌翻译当前存在句子结构错误（语法错误）等问题，因此减少语法错误是其重要的改进方向，选项中“Fewer grammar mistakes”（更少的语法错误）与原文中“sentence structures may be incorrect”（句子结构可能不正确）的问题直接对应。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川仁寿第一中学·期中）New technology is making it possible for people to make videos of people appearing to say things they never actually said. The videos are known as “deepfakes”. The word “deepfake” is a combination of “deep learning”(an important part of artificial intelligence) and “fake” (not real). Deepfake software allows people to replace part of a video with another video image. The result is a fake video. The software allows you to put your face over the face of a talking president or movie star. This process will make your face speak in the voice of that president or movie star. Many people are worried the technology will be used to trick voters. Lawmakers, intelligence officials and media experts have expressed concern about deepfakes. They warn the false videos could be used to threaten America’s national security. “We have entered a new world where it is going to be difficult to know how to believe what we see,” said Hany Farid, a researcher at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. He added, “the opposite result is also worrying. People will become so used to seeing false videos that they will be more likely to doubt a real video. ” The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is already working to develop technologies to identify fake images and videos. But Senator Rubio says, now the identification is difficult and takes a very long time. “It takes advanced technology to be able to show that it’s not real. And by the time that’s done, it’s been widely used.” Rubio and other lawmakers say people will need to take more responsibility to identify fakes. 1.What is “deepfake” software used to do? A. Kill some virus. B. Make fake videos. C. Make excellent movies. D. Benefit stars and leaders. 2.Why was Hany Farid worried? A. False videos might mislead people. B. It was too difficult to use the software. C. Private information might be given away. D. Some people might be addicted to “deepfakes”. 3.What can we know from Rubio’s words? A. It is really difficult to identify fake videos. B. The technology “deepfake” has been banned. C. The government is responsible for identification. D. National security is being threatened by “deepfake”. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. Ways to identify fake videos. B. People’s different views on “deepfake”. C. A new technology with a bright future. D. A worrying new technology “deepfake”. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。一款被称为“Deepfakes”的应用程序使人们担心更多的假新闻和其他可能误导人们的事物，利用这款软件，你只需要很短的时间就能把自己的脸庞放在你想摸的人物脸上，视频以假乱真的功能引发人们对安全的担忧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“New technology is making it possible for people to make videos of people appearing to say things they never actually said. The videos are known as “deepfakes”.(新技术使得人们可以制作视频，让人们看起来像是在说他们实际上从来没有说过的话。这些视频被称为“深度造假”。)”可知人们可以制作一些视频看起来像是在说他们实际上没有说过的话，结合第二段“Deepfake software allows people to replace part of a video with another video image. The result is a fake video.(Deepfake软件可以让人们用另一幅视频图像替换视频的一部分。结果就是一个假视频。)”可知Deepfaker软件是让人们制作假视频的，故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段““We have entered a new world where it is going to be difficult to know how to believe what we see,” said Hany Farid, a researcher at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. He added, “the opposite result is also worrying. People will become so used to seeing false videos that they will be more likely to doubt a real video. ”(新罕布什尔州汉诺威市达特茅斯学院的研究员汉尼·法里德（Hany Farid）表示：“我们进入了一个新世界，在这个世界上，我们将很难知道如何相信我们所看到的。 他补充说：“相反的结果也令人担忧。 人们将越来越习惯于观看虚假视频，以至于他们更有可能怀疑真实视频。 ”)”可知Hany Farid认为deepfakes的视频会很难相信所见所闻，并且还会导致人们去怀疑真实的视频内容，对人们产生误导，故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is already working to develop technologies to identify fake images and videos. But Senator Rubio says, now the identification is difficult and takes a very long time.(美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）已经在致力于开发识别伪造图像和视频的技术。 但是卢比奥参议员说，现在鉴定是困难的，需要很长时间。)”结合第六段““It takes advanced technology to be able to show that it’s not real. And by the time that’s done, it’s been widely used.”(“需要先进的技术才能证明它不是真实的。 到完成时，它已被广泛使用。”)”可知Rubio所说的话表示鉴定假视频需要花较长的时间，鉴别完，视频就已经被广泛使用了，所以鉴别假视频是是很困难的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“New technology is making it possible for people to make videos of people appearing to say things they never actually said. The videos are known as “deepfakes”.(新技术使得人们可以制作视频，让人们看起来像是在说他们实际上从来没有说过的话。这些视频被称为“深度造假”。)”可知文章在介绍一款能制作假视频的新技术“deepfake”，结合全文对“deepfakes”制作假视频造成的危害，但鉴别难度很大，很多人为此担忧不已可知，D项A worrying new technology “deepfake”.(令人担忧的新技术“ deepfake”。)全面地概括了文章主要内容，故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·四川南充高中学·期中）When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1.Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A. To compare different animals. B. To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C. To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D. To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2.What can we learn about mosquitoes? A. Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B. The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C. Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D. More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B. Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C. There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D. Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蚊子对人类的危害以及目前采取的一些灭蚊措施，并表达了对未来解决蚊子问题的乐观态度。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). (我们小时候就知道老虎和鲨鱼是危险的动物。我们可能会害怕它们，因为它们体型庞大且力量强大。然而，随着我们长大，我们了解到有时候最危险的动物也是体型最小的动物。事实上，导致最多人死亡的动物是一种你很熟悉的动物：蚊子)”可推知，文章提到像老虎和鲨鱼这样的危险动物是为了引出关于蚊子的话题。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. (当雌性蚊子叮咬人类时，它会将唾液注入血液中。这种唾液可能含有致命疾病，也可能不含。叮咬的后果可能很轻微，也可能严重到导致死亡)”可知，雌蚊子可能会将疾病传播给人类。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. (在一些家庭中，人们会在床上方挂上蚊帐，以防止被蚊子叮咬。蚊子有许多天敌，比如蝙蝠、鸟类、蜻蜓以及某些种类的鱼。让更多这类动物进入蚊子栖息的地方，或许有助于减少该区域的蚊子数量。这是一种自然的解决办法，但并非总能起到很好的效果。也可以用毒药或喷雾剂杀死蚊子，不过这些喷雾剂可能也会对其他植物或动物造成伤害)”可知，第四段主要介绍了人们采取的一些防治蚊子的措施，以及这些措施存在的不足，即没有完美的解决蚊子问题的方案。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. (但情况正在发生改变。科学家们很有可能在某一天找到一种方法，让所有人都能免受蚊子及其携带的疾病的侵害)”可推知，作者对解决蚊子问题的未来持积极乐观态度。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川绵竹中学-上·期中）Instant noodles are a favorite quick meal when people don’t want to cook. Picture eating them while watching TV on a stormy night — pure comfort! But many believe they’re just junk food that harms health. The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them. The main issue isn’t the noodles themselves, but the common way people make them: pouring boiling water over dried noodles and adding all the salty seasoning packets. These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy. Actually, plain instant noodles aren’t terrible. They’re fried during production (which adds some oil and calories), but they fill you up well and provide quick energy when you’re hungry. To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal! So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus veggies and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method! 1.What determines if instant noodles are unhealthy? A. Their quick cooking time. B. The preparation method C. The time of eating. D. The junk food label. 2.What is the major cause of unhealthy instant noodles? A. The dried noodles. B. Using boiling water. C. The flavor packets. D. People avoiding cooking. 3.What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A. Warn about health dangers. B. Give cooking instructions. C. Argue noodles are harmless. D. List harmful additives. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Instant Noodles are hard to cook. B. Instant Noodles are a perfect meal. C. The less instant noodles, the healthier. D. Instant Noodles are not all waste. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出方便面是否不健康取决于烹饪方式，还介绍了让方便面更健康的烹饪方法，并表明合理食用方便面不会损害健康。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them. (事实是，方便面是否不健康完全取决于你如何准备它们。)”可知，方便面是否不健康取决于烹饪方法。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy. (这些调味包含有高含量的盐和人工添加剂，使得这种方便面营养不均衡且不健康。)”可知，不健康的方便面的主要原因是调味包。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal! (为了让它们更健康，要正确烹饪：先把面条煮熟，沥干多余的淀粉水，然后用清水或肉汤。至关重要的是，只使用一半的调味包来减少盐的摄入。烹饪时加入菠菜或胡萝卜等蔬菜和鸡蛋或豆腐等蛋白质。这可以增加维生素和蛋白质，同时减少钠的摄入。这使它们变成了一顿均衡的餐食！)”可知，本段主要介绍了让方便面更健康的烹饪方法，即烹饪说明。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus veggies and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method! (那么，方便面是垃圾食品吗？如果偷懒，用所有的调味料，不加任何配菜，那就是。但是当用较少的调味料加上蔬菜和蛋白质烹饪时，它们就成了一顿不错的偶尔吃的餐食。记住：秘诀是多样化。作为多样化饮食的一部分，每周吃一两次，它们不会损害你的健康。它们远没有人们想象的那么可怕——只要升级你的烹饪方法！)”可知，合理食用方便面不会损害健康，即方便面并非全是垃圾食品。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川成都第七中学·期中）Can doctors make better cancer treatment decisions if they consult fish? Previous studies have shown that zebrafish avatars could help identify cancer treatments. Rita Fior, a developmental biologist and her colleagues now want to determine whether that ability can benefit patients. Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient, allowing researchers to test multiple cancer drugs or radiation on the patient's tumor cells within 4-7 days — far quicker than traditional mouse models. In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and put the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish “predicted” the outcome of treatment. An added benefit, Fior says, is that avatars can reveal key characteristics of tumors such as whether they are likely to spread. Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze, says Sofia de Oliveira, a biologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “You can visualize the whole animal under the microscope,” she explains, “and easily determine the spread of cancer cells.” In the clinical trial, Fior and her team will test that promise by separating cancer cells from the fluid that builds up in the stomach of people whose cancer cells have spread outside the original site and is usually drained as part of treatment. “We are not doing an extra procedure on the patients,” she says. The cells will then be implanted into the fish embryos. Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best. Most of the patients will receive medications suggested by the zebrafish results. 1.What are zebrafish avatars? A. Models of mouse embryos. B. Radiation on the tumor cells. C. Drugs for multiple cancers. D. Replacements for cancer patients. 2.How do zebrafish avatars help doctors with cancer treatments? A. By forecasting treatment results. B. By predicting where tumors will spread. C. By killing tumor cells in cancer patients. D. By transplanting zebrafish cells into humans. 3.What makes zebrafish an ideal species for cancer research? A. Their similarity to cell cultures. B. Their small sizes and dark embryos. C. Their low cost and ease of analysis. D. Their complex appearance and structure. 4.What is the primary goal of the clinical trial led by Fior and her team? A. To develop new experimental drugs for cancers. B. To test the safety of chemo-therapy on zebrafish. C. To identify the ideal combination of cancer therapies. D. To separate cancer cells from the fluid of cancer patients. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了斑马鱼化身在癌症治疗中的应用，包括其定义、作用、作为癌症研究理想物种的原因以及相关临床试验的主要目标。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient(斑马鱼化身是通过将患者自身的肿瘤细胞移植到2天大的斑马鱼胚胎中而创建的个体癌症患者的小型、快速生长的模型。然后，这些小鱼就成为病人的活体替代品)”可知，斑马鱼化身是癌症患者的替代品。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and putting the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish "predicted" the outcome of treatment.(在《自然通讯》2024年的一份报告中，科学家们为55名患者生成了“化身”，并对这些鱼进行了与人类相同类型的化疗。对于其中50名患者，斑马鱼“预测”了治疗结果。)”可知，斑马鱼化身通过预测治疗效果来帮助医生进行癌症治疗。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze(与细胞培养物相比，斑马鱼与人类更相似，且饲养成本远低于小鼠。这些微小、透明的胚胎也更容易分析)”可知，斑马鱼成为癌症研究理想物种的原因是成本低且易于分析，故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best.(与许多其他临床试验不同，该研究并不测试实验性药物，而是确定哪种治疗组合效果最好。)”可知，Fior及其团队开展的临床试验的主要目标是确定理想的癌症治疗组合，故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川科学城第一中学·期中）For many teens, Saturday mornings are a time for students to catch up on sleep or sleep in. After a week of early mornings, sleeping extra hours may actually help them to reduce anxiety, according to a new study. Previous research suggested that too much weekend sleep could lead to health problems, such as depression. However, this link hadn’t been carefully studied, and few researchers had explored how catch-up sleep might relate to anxiety. Kim, a graduate student at the University of Oregon, set out to examine the link between catch-up sleep and anxiety. She used data from the Adolescent (青少年的) Brain Cognitive Development Study, focusing on 1, 900 teens aged 12 to 15 — an age when sleep problems often begin. Each participant wore a smartwatch to record sleep and activity patterns. Then, they would complete a questionnaire about their feelings of anxiety and depression. Kim believes that large differences between weekday and weekend sleep schedules can cause what scientists call “social jet lag.” Similar to the jet lag from traveling across time zones, it leads to tiredness and mental fog when the body’s clock falls out of sync (同步) with sleep cycles. Although her study didn’t test this directly, she believes it may play a role in teen anxiety. Kim didn’t find a clear link between catch-up sleep and depression, possibly because depressive symptoms (症状) usually appear in late adolescence. Anxiety, on the other hand, tends to start earlier. Her next step is to study weekend catch-up sleep among older teens. The findings, she hopes, could help schools and parents better understand the importance of balanced sleep. 1.What was missing in previous studies on catch-up sleep? A. Proof of its effect on health. B. Research on its link to anxiety. C. Data from teenage participants. D. Accurate research methods. 2.How did Kim carry out her research? A. By studying smartwatch data and teen surveys. B. By interviewing teenagers about their sleep habits. C. By comparing sleep patterns in different time zones. D. By focusing on sleep problems among older teens. 3.Why is jet lag mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To explain one cause of anxiety in teens. B. To show the harm of weekday sleep loss. C. To help readers understand social jet lag. D. To introduce a possible research direction. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. Weekend Sleep Does Harm. B. Benefits of Getting up Early. C. A Study on Teen Sleep Habits. D. Sleeping in May Ease Anxiety. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学研究表明，青少年在周末适当补觉可能有助于缓解他们的焦虑情绪。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Previous research suggested that too much weekend sleep could lead to health problems, such as depression. However, this link hadn’t been carefully studied, and few researchers had explored how catch-up sleep might relate to anxiety.(先前研究认为，周末睡眠过多可能导致抑郁等健康问题。然而，这种关联性尚未得到深入研究，且鲜有学者探讨补觉与焦虑之间的潜在联系。)”可知，先前的研究未深入研究周末睡眠过多与抑郁之间的这种关联性，故说明先前研究缺乏关于补觉与焦虑关系的探讨。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She used data from the Adolescent (青少年的) Brain Cognitive Development Study, focusing on 1, 900 teens aged 12 to 15 — an age when sleep problems often begin. Each participant wore a smartwatch to record sleep and activity patterns. Then, they would complete a questionnaire about their feelings of anxiety and depression.(她利用青少年大脑认知发展研究的数据，重点分析了1900名12至15岁青少年的情况——这个年龄段正是睡眠问题开始显现的时期。每位参与者都佩戴智能手表记录睡眠和活动模式，随后完成关于焦虑和抑郁感受的问卷调查。)”可知，Kim使用智能手表记录睡眠和活动模式，并结合问卷调查青少年的焦虑和抑郁感受。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Kim believes that large differences between weekday and weekend sleep schedules can cause what scientists call “social jet lag.” Similar to the jet lag from traveling across time zones, it leads to tiredness and mental fog when the body’s clock falls out of sync (同步) with sleep cycles.( Kim认为，工作日与周末睡眠时间表的巨大差异会导致科学家所称的“社交时差”。这与跨时区旅行产生的时差反应类似，当人体生物钟与睡眠周期不同步时，会导致疲劳和精神恍惚。)”可知，将“social jet lag”与跨时区旅行导致的时差反应进行类比，其目的是为了帮助读者理解这一概念及其可能的影响。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For many teens, Saturday mornings are a time for students to catch up on sleep or sleep in. After a week of early mornings, sleeping extra hours may actually help them to reduce anxiety, according to a new study.(对许多青少年来说，周六上午是补觉或睡懒觉的时间。一项新研究表明，经过一周的早起后，额外多睡几小时实际上可能有助于缓解他们的焦虑情绪。)”可知，全文围绕周末睡眠补觉与青少年焦虑关系的研究展开，首段即指出周末补觉可能有助于减少焦虑，后续内容均支撑这一观点。故D项“补觉可能会减轻焦虑”符合文章标题，能概括全文。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26·四川成都外国语学校·期中）Nature works like a big clock. Everything is arranged in order and interconnected. Every part has its place and its role. Take the wolf for example. As meat-eaters, wolves regulate the number of plant eaters so that they do not reproduce too many. All animals and plants are closely related in a system. The wolves remind me of a story from my childhood when my grandfather gave me an old clock. The first thing I did was take the clock apart to find out how it worked. Even though I was sure that I knew how to put it back together in working order, I couldn’t do it. After I rebuilt it, there were a few parts left over and a grandfather who was not in the best of moods. In the wild, wolves play the role of such parts. If we remove them, not only do the enemies of sheep and cattle disappear, but the system of nature also begins to run differently, so differently that rivers change course and many local bird species(物种) die out. And things can also go wrong when a species is added. For example, the introduction of a nonnative fish leads to a great decrease in the local deer population. Because of a fish? The earth’s ecosystems, it seems, are a bit too complex (复杂的) for us to draw up simple rules of cause and effect. Even protection work can have unexpected results. Who knew, for example, that recovering crane(鹤) populations in Europe would affect the production of Iberian ham? So it’s high time we took a good look at the interconnections between species both large and small. It’s important for us to realize that even small interventions(干预) can have huge influences, and we’d do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not have to touch. 1.What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in paragraph 1? A. Control. B. Count. C. Record. D. Increase. 2.What does the author want to show with the story in paragraph 2? A. Curiosity kills the cat. B. Every part matters. C. Clocks are hard to rebuild. D. Grandfather’s love lasts. 3.Why can things also go wrong when a species is added? A. Local species will disappear soon. B. Rules of cause and effect are simple in nature. C. The interconnections in nature are complex. D. Protection projects are too hard to complete. 4.What does the author suggest people do? A. Pay more attention to small animals. B. Stay away from protection work. C. Take a new look at meat-eaters. D. Think twice before stepping in. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大自然就像一个巨大的钟表在运作。每样东西都排列整齐，相互联系。作者建议人们在干预自然界之前要三思而后行。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“As meat-eaters, wolves regulate the number of plant eaters so that they do not reproduce too many. All animals and plants are closely related in a system.(作为食肉动物，狼会regulate食草动物的数量，这样它们就不会繁殖太多。所有的动物和植物在一个系统中是密切相关的。)”可知，狼会控制食草动物的数量，这样就会避免食草动物的过度繁殖，因此划线词与A选项“Control.(控制)”为同义词。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The wolves remind me of a story from my childhood when my grandfather gave me an old clock. The first thing I did was take the clock apart to find out how it worked. Even though I was sure that I knew how to put it back together in working order, I couldn’t do it. After I rebuilt it, there were a few parts left over and a grandfather who was not in the best of moods. In the wild, wolves play the role of such parts. If we remove them, not only do the enemies of sheep and cattle disappear, but the system of nature also begins to run differently, so differently that rivers change course and many local bird species(物种) die out.( 灰狼使我想起了一个童年的故事，当时我的祖父给了我一个旧时钟。我做的第一件事就是将时钟拆开，想找出它是如何工作的。尽管我很确定我知道如何把它装回工作状态，但我却做不到。在我重新组装它之后，还剩下一些零件，而祖父的情绪也不是很好。在野外，灰狼扮演的就是这样的零件角色。如果我们赶走或捕杀它们，那么羊和牛的敌人就会消失，但自然的系统也开始以一种截然不同的方式运行，以至于河流改变了方向，很多当地的鸟类物种也会灭绝。)”可知，作者通过拆解闹钟却无法复原的故事，类比了如果移除自然界中的某个物种（如狼），就会导致整个生态系统失衡。因此，作者想要表达的是每个部分都很重要，不应该被随意移除或改变。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“And things can also go wrong when a species is added. For example, the introduction of a nonnative fish leads to a great decrease in the local deer population. (当加入一个物种时，事情也可能出错。例如，引进一种非本地鱼类会导致本地鹿的数量大幅减少。)”以及“The earth’s ecosystems, it seems, are a bit too complex (复杂的) for us to draw up simple rules of cause and effect. (地球的生态系统似乎有点太复杂了，我们无法制定简单的因果规则。)”可知，地球上的生态系统非常复杂，添加新物种可能会破坏原有的生态平衡，导致意想不到的结果。因此，选项C“自然界的相互联系是复杂的”是正确的答案。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s important for us to realize that even small interventions(干预) can have huge influences, and we’d do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not have to touch.( 对我们来说，重要的是要意识到，即使是很小的干预也会产生巨大的影响，我们最好把我们的手从自然界中任何我们不需要接触的东西上拿开。)”可知，作者认为即使是微小的干预也可能对自然界产生巨大的影响，因此建议人们在介入之前要三思。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川眉山中学·期中）An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” — eagles don’t hunt flies — meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small, insignificant matters. But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles. The story starts with the acacia trees (金合欢树) in an African wildlife area in central Kenya. Some of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the tree against herbivores (食草动物). The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves. This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers. But these ants are in trouble. Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree- protecting ants. This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt. This ant invasion (入侵) affects one thing after another. It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants. The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas. The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding. This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in. “These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem (生态系统) together, determining who is eaten and where,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida. The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras. The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover. Instead, they are targeting water buffalo. But this also isn’t the end of the story. Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line? 1.What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Direct. B. Discourage. C. Recognize. D. Seek. 2.What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction? A. Cooperating with “big-headed” ants. B. Damaging the hiding place for lions. C. Protecting the acacias from herbivores. D. Starting off the disturbance of the chain. 3.What can we infer from Todd Palmer’s words in paragraph 5? A. Ecologists have found a way to control big-headed ants. B. The African ecosystem will soon recover from the ant invasion. C. Only big-headed ants can influence the survival of other species. D. Big-headed ants have broken the balance of the African ecosystem. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Tiny Ants, Big Impact: Changing the Way Lions Hunt. B. The Law of Jungle: How Elephants Rule the Ecosystem. C. Zebras or Buffalo: Lions’ Choice Shift in Food Preference. D. Ecologists’ New Discovery: Mystery Behind African Acacia Trees. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍东非的大头蚁破坏护树蚁，引发连锁反应，最终改变狮子的狩猎方式。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves. This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.(蚂蚁会主动攻击并赶走试图吃树叶的食草动物。这种方法非常有效；蚂蚁不仅会对食草动物造成身体伤害，还会释放出能deter其他潜在攻击者的化学物质)”可知，“deter”与“discourage(使……泄气，阻止)”语义相近，指阻止潜在攻击者。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas. The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.(大象会进入该区域，其食用金合欢树的速度是未被入侵区域的5到7倍。狮子在觅食时，再也没有树可以用来藏身了)”可知，大象破坏了狮子的藏身之处。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten and where(这些微小的入侵者正在拉扯维系非洲生态系统的纽带，决定着谁会被吃掉以及在何处被吃掉)”可知，大头蚁破坏了非洲生态系统的平衡。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章开篇以谚语引出“看似微不足道的蚂蚁改变狮子生活方式”，后文围绕大头蚁引发的连锁反应（破坏护树蚁→大象吃金合欢树→狮子失去藏身之处→改变狩猎对象）展开，核心是“小蚂蚁对狮子狩猎产生大影响”，适合作为标题。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川成都铁路中学·期中）Imagine a chameleon (变色龙) standing on a rainbow. With every step, it changes color, trying to match its surroundings. But the more it tries, the more confused it gets. Is it red, blue, or green? This is the dilemma (困境) many teenagers face today — shifting identities in an attempt to belong. Psychologist Erik Erikson described adolescence as a stage of “identity vs. role confusion.” It’s a time when young people struggle with questions about their values, purpose, and self-worth. Take a girl for example, a 16-year-old student named Wanjiku in Nairobi. At home, her parents remind her to maintain cultural values — dress modestly, respect elders, and pursue a “practical” career like medicine or law. At school, her peers laugh at her for not being “cool” enough because she doesn’t follow the latest TikTok trends or wear designer sneakers. Wanjiku feels like a chameleon, constantly changing to fit into spaces where she never feels truly accepted. This tug-of-war (拔河) between cultural expectations and global influences is a defining aspect of the identity crisis for many teenagers. Urban teens struggle with balancing tradition and modernity, while those in rural areas feel left behind in a digital age they can barely access. Add peer pressure and academic expectations to the mix, and the search for identity becomes even more challenging. The good news is that every teenager has the potential to overcome this crisis and find their true self. Like a tree bending in the wind, they may shake under pressure but can grow stronger with the right support. Teens need to understand that their worth isn’t determined by others’ opinions. Activities like journaling can help them reflect on their values, passions and strengths. Parents and teachers can guide teenagers toward discovering their true selves. Teaching teenagers to critically analyze social media can protect them from falling into the trap of comparison. 1.Why does the author mention a chameleon in the beginning? A. To raise a question. B. To present an argument. C. To introduce the topic. D. To challenge a popular belief. 2.What has caused confusion for Wanjiku? A. The changing values in culture and society. B. The burning desire to follow the latest trend. C. The conflicting expectations from different groups. D. The ongoing pressure to achieve academic success. 3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The identity crisis facing teenagers. B. The negative impact of globalization. C. The challenge presented by a digital age. D. The struggle between tradition and modernity. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards dealing with the problem? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过变色龙的例子引出青少年的身份认同危机，并详细描述了造成这种危机的各种因素，最后提出了克服这种危机的方法和建议。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine a chameleon (变色龙) standing on a rainbow. With every step, it changes color, trying to match its surroundings. But the more it tries, the more confused it gets. Is it red, blue, or green? This is the dilemma (困境) many teenagers face today — shifting identities in an attempt to belong. (想象一只变色龙站在彩虹上。每走一步，它都会变色，试图与周围的环境相匹配。但它越努力，就越困惑。它是红色、蓝色还是绿色？这是许多青少年今天面临的困境——为了融入而不断改变自己的身份。)”可知，作者通过描述变色龙不断改变颜色以适应环境却愈发困惑的情景，引出了青少年在身份认同上的困境这一话题。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At home, her parents remind her to maintain cultural values — dress modestly, respect elders, and pursue a “practical” career like medicine or law. At school, her peers laugh at her for not being “cool” enough because she doesn’t follow the latest TikTok trends or wear designer sneakers. (在家里，她的父母提醒她要保持文化价值观——穿着要朴素，要尊重长辈，要追求像医学或法律这样的“实用”职业。在学校，她的同龄人嘲笑她不够“酷”，因为她不追赶最新的TikTok潮流，也不穿名牌运动鞋。)”可知，Wanjiku的困惑来自于家庭和学校中不同群体对她的期望产生了冲突。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“This tug-of-war (拔河) between cultural expectations and global influences is a defining aspect of the identity crisis for many teenagers. Urban teens struggle with balancing tradition and modernity, while those in rural areas feel left behind in a digital age they can barely access. Add peer pressure and academic expectations to the mix, and the search for identity becomes even more challenging. (这种文化期望和全球影响之间的拉锯战是许多青少年身份危机的决定性方面。城市青少年在传统与现代之间挣扎，而农村青少年则在这个他们几乎无法接触到的数字时代感到被落下。再加上同伴压力和学业期望，寻找身份变得更加具有挑战性。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了青少年面临的身份认同危机，包括文化期望与全球影响的冲突、城乡青少年在传统与现代之间的挣扎，以及同伴压力和学业期望对身份认同的影响。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The good news is that every teenager has the potential to overcome this crisis and find their true self. Like a tree bending in the wind, they may shake under pressure but can grow stronger with the right support. (好消息是，每个青少年都有潜力克服这场危机，找到真正的自我。就像一棵在风中弯曲的树，它们可能会在压力下摇晃，但在适当的支持下可以变得更强大。)”可知，作者认为每个青少年都有潜力克服身份认同危机，找到真正的自我，并在适当的支持下变得更强大。由此可推知，作者对于青少年克服身份认同危机持乐观态度。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川成都列五中学·期中）“Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 1.What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 2.What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 3.What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 4.What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在美国中小学推广的个人理财课程，课程内容涵盖日常理财技能等，帮助学生积累财务知识，指导相关行为。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. (针对学生的个人理财课程在美国得到了普及，这是由相关规定推动的。自2020年以来，已有17个州通过了法律，规定参加金融课程是完成高中学业的必要条件，使总数达到25个。)”可知，毕业的新要求推动了个人理财课程的普及。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. (课程包括比较购物和如何正确存入银行、预算、处理信贷和支付大学费用的基本知识。)”可知，学生可以从个人理财课程中学到日常财务管理。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. (很少有青少年在金融知识评估中得分很高。个人理财课程能解决问题吗？很长一段时间以来，研究都说没有)”以及“Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were (许多分析，包括一项被引用超过2500次的分析，都声称金融课程……)”可知，研究说个人理财课程并不能解决问题，引用的分析也声称金融课程没有效果、没有帮助。故划线词意思是“无效果的”。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. (在33个国家进行的最新调查发现，参加这些课程的人对课程内容和预算掌握得更好。选修个人理财课程的学生借的钱也更少。如果他们真的借钱上大学，他们会选择低成本的选择。)”可知，这些课程在增加学生的财务知识和提升相关行为上有持久的效果。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川泸州泸县第五中学·期中）For Shi Qinling, a pair of scissors has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade — not as a means of self-protection, but as an artistic expression. Scissors are to this paper-cutting artist what brushes are to painters, or what pens are to writers. Always taking a pair of scissors allows her to create art whenever inspiration hits. Most of her paper-cutting works are inspired by moments in daily life, such as a neighbor’s dog, her own pets and scenes on the streets. In 2010, she started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, the national inheritor (继承人) of the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of paper-cutting. Six years later, Shi was named as a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor and became the city’s “youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Similar to local dialects, paper-cutting comes in different styles, depending on the region. In general, the paper-cutting artworks in the country’s northern area are usually rough patterns used as decorations on windows, walls, roofs, lanterns and other household items. In southern China, paper-cutting is used as the base pattern for embroidery (刺绣) and requires more careful workmanship. Shanghai paper-cutting, on the other hand, is a combination of these two styles. Since the 1960s, Shanghai paper-cutting has been more frequently adopted in artworks and handicrafts. Shi now works at the Fenglin community cultural center and she now plans to produce cultural and creative goods to attract more people to learn paper-cutting. “We are very proud to have this unique folk culture and art project, As we have the responsibility to protect and inherit this cultural heritage, we will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting,” said Liu Li, director of the Fenglin community development office. 1.Why does Shi Qinling take a pair of scissors with her everywhere? A. To protect herself. B. To show her identity as an artist. C. To create works whenever she has inspiration. D. To share paper-cutting skills with ordinary people. 2.What feature do Shi Qinling’s works have? A. They are in various styles. B. They are mainly related to animals. C. They are a hit among young people. D. They are mostly inspired by details of daily life. 3.What can we learn about Shanghai paper-cutting? A. It is usually combined with embroidery. B. It is usually used as decorations during festivals. C. It is a mixture of China’s northern and southern styles. D. It requires greater skill than other paper-cutting forms. 4.What is Liu Li’s attitude toward the paper-cutting project? A. She disapproves of it. B. She supports it. C. She is tolerant of it. D. She doesn’t care about it. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了目前上海最年轻的剪纸传承人石勤玲，她希望通过自己的作品，让更多人了解剪纸，传播非遗文化。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Always taking a pair of scissors allows her to create art whenever inspiration hits. (每当灵感出现时，她总是带着一把剪刀来创作艺术。)”可知，石勤玲总是随身带着一把剪刀是为了在灵感来袭时创造作品。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most of her paper-cutting works are inspired by moments in daily life, such as a neighbor’s dog, her own pets and scenes on the streets.(她的大部分剪纸作品都受到日常生活中的时刻的启发，比如邻居的狗、她自己的宠物和街道上的场景。)”可知，石勤玲的艺术作品大多源于日常生活给她的启发。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Shanghai paper-cutting, on the other hand, is a combination of these two styles. (另一方面，上海剪纸是这两种风格的结合。)”并结合上文介绍的中国南方和北方的剪纸特点可知，此处表示上海剪纸是中国南北方两种剪纸风格的结合体。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中LiuLi所说的话“We are very proud to have this unique folk culture and art project, As we have the responsibility to protect and inherit this cultural heritage, we will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting,(我们很自豪能有这个独特的民间文化艺术项目，因为我们有责任保护和继承这一文化遗产，我们将更加努力地吸引不同年龄段和不同领域的人尝试剪纸，)”可知，她认为我们有责任保护和传承剪纸这一文化遗产，并要努力吸引不同年龄段和不同领域的人尝试剪纸，故可推知她对剪纸项目持支持态度。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川射洪中学·期中）Has the smartphone lost its power to surprise us? For those of us who cover the tech industry, the answer seems increasingly to be “yes”. The newest iPhones are a clear example — offering modest improvements in speed and photography, yet failing to feel meaningfully different from the phones already in our pockets. This is why some people in the tech industry are eager for something new and are asking, “What will be the next revolutionary (突破性的) invention to change our lives just as deeply as the smart phone or the personal computer?” At the moment, a lot of people believe that it will be smart glasses. Imagine if instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen like a caveman, all of the digital information you need simply appears floating right in front of you, in your glasses. If the technology can be realized, the possibilities are endless. Imagine having satellite navigation (导航) directions appear right there on the road in front of you. Or imagine being able to secretly watch YouTube during a particularly boring meeting. Smart glasses could be big in industry too. They could display detailed instructions to engineers, so they can fix things more quickly. This sounds like science fiction. What’s fun is that while our phones are not greatly changing, if you watch hard enough you can still see small steps being taken by the big tech firms towards technologies that will be directly applicable to smart glasses. So if the technology is here, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? The reason is that there is just one stumbling block (绊脚石) left: the screen. So far no one has invented a good way of projecting (投影) digital images on glass lenses. Though there have been a few attempts, such as Google Glass, they were disadvantaged by a very limited “field of view”. This is a problem that, behind the scenes, the likes of Apple, Google and Facebook are pouring huge resources into solving. So while I can’t say exactly when smart glasses will arrive, they could come into focus much sooner than we think. 1.Why are some people in the tech industry eager for something new? A. Because smart phones were much different from the old ones. B. Because the newest technology didn’t make real breakthroughs. C. Because personal computers were not a revolutionary invention. D. Because no technology ever transformed our lives basically. 2.How does the third paragraph mainly develop? A. By giving examples. B. By explaining causes. C. By introducing a topic. D. By describing a process. 3.What does the author think of the phones at present? A. They are changing greatly. B. They are helpful in developing smart glasses. C. They are more convenient than smart glasses. D. They are limiting the development of new technologies. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Smart glasses are preventing new technology from advancing. B. Smart glasses are the next invention to change the world. C. Digital technology will contribute to endless applications. D. Digital technology is the basis of revolutionary inventions. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科技行业对智能手机创新不足的反思，及智能眼镜作为下一个革命性发明的潜力和挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The newest iPhones are a clear example — offering modest improvements in speed and photography, yet failing to feel meaningfully different from the phones already in our pockets.(最新的iPhone就是一个明显的例子——它在速度和拍照方面有了适度的改进，但感觉与我们口袋里的手机并没有太大不同)”以及第二段中“This is why some people in the tech industry are eager for something new and are asking, “What will be the next revolutionary (突破性的) invention to change our lives just as deeply as the smart phone or the personal computer?”(这就是为什么科技行业的一些人渴望新事物并在问：“下一个能像智能手机或个人电脑那样深刻改变我们生活的革命性发明是什么？”)”可知，科技行业的一些人渴望新事物是因为最新的技术没有取得真正的突破。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Imagine having satellite navigation (导航) directions appear right there on the road in front of you. Or imagine being able to secretly watch YouTube during a particularly boring meeting. Smart glasses could be big in industry too.(想象一下，卫星导航指示直接出现在你面前的道路上。或者想象一下，在一个特别无聊的会议上，你能偷偷看YouTube。智能眼镜在工业领域也可能大有可为)”可推知，第三段主要通过举例子的方式来展开论述。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“What’s fun is that while our phones are not greatly changing, if you watch hard enough you can still see small steps being taken by the big tech firms towards technologies that will be directly applicable to smart glasses.(有趣的是，虽然我们的手机没有发生太大的变化，但如果你仔细观察，你仍然可以看到大型科技公司正在朝着直接适用于智能眼镜的技术迈出一小步)”可推知，作者认为目前的手机对开发智能眼镜有帮助。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“At the moment, a lot of people believe that it will be smart glasses.(目前，很多人认为这将是智能眼镜)”以及最后一段中“So while I can’t say exactly when smart glasses will arrive, they could come into focus much sooner than we think.(所以虽然我不能确切地说智能眼镜什么时候会到来，但它们可能会比我们想象的更快成为焦点)”可知，文章主要讲述了智能眼镜是下一个改变世界的发明。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川南充高中学·期中）When the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was first announced decades ago, it was a project that many thought “impossible”. Spanning over 2,000 kilometers, the railway has made eight world records. Construction began in 1958 and was completed decades later in 2006, using innovative engineering concepts. Known as one of China’s greatest engineering projects of the 21st century, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sets the record for having the longest track running through frozen areas. More than 550 kilometers of the railway was built on permafrost, a mixture of soil and ice that remains frozen for at least two years. Since water expands in winter and contracts in summer, it threatens roadbed stability-the foundation for railroad tracks. By graveling embankments and installing vent-pipes underneath the roadbed to provide thermal stability (热稳定性) for the permafrost, Chinese engineers successfully solved the problem. On a few stretch, the high-speed trains run on elevated rails (高架轨道). Tracks were laid on a bridge, with piers (桥墩) placed underground. It avoids direct contact between tracks and the permafrost. At an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters, Fenghuoshan Tunnel is the world’s highest tunnel built on permafrost. It was the most challenging part of the project during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Roughly 85 percent of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is over 4,000 meters above sea level. The lack of oxygen posed another challenge. Workers carried oxygen tanks weighing 10 kilograms while completing the construction. Over 110 medical facilities were constructed along the railway with more than 600 medical staff to take care of the workers. Protecting the fragile ecosystem was also a key concern for the engineers. The railway runs through Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve and several other nature reserves, where many rare plants and animals live, including the endangered Tibetan antelope (藏羚羊). A total of 33 passageways were built along the railway for wildlife to safely cross. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has boosted the economic and social development of Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region and made traveling more convenient across the nation. Its construction showcases China’s perseverance. 1.What significant engineering challenge did the Qinghai-Tibet Railway overcome? A. Building the longest bridge in the world. B. Creating the deepest underwater tunnel. C. Constructing tracks through permafrost. D. Designing the highest railway station globally. 2.How did the engineers deal with the challenge of permafrost affecting roadbed stability? A. By using reinforced concrete. B. By heating the ground beneath the tracks. C. By laying tracks on a bridge without direct contact. D. By graveling embankments and installing vent-pipes. 3.What can be inferred about the working conditions during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? A. There was an abundance of oxygen in the air. B. The construction site was easily accessible by road. C. Workers faced extreme altitude and low oxygen. D. The railway was built entirely by automated machinery. 4.What can be the best title of the passage? A. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: World’s Longest Railway B. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: An Engineering Wonder C. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: Negative Ecological Impact D. Qinghai-Tibet Railway: Fastest Trains Globally 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青藏铁路2006年竣工，创八项世界纪录，工程师们攻克冻土、缺氧难题，兼顾生态保护，推动青藏地区发展，彰显中国毅力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“More than 550 kilometers of the railway was built on permafrost, a mixture of soil and ice that remains frozen for at least two years. Since water expands in winter and contracts in summer, it threatens roadbed stability-the foundation for railroad tracks.( 超过550公里的铁路建在永久冻土上，这是一种土壤和冰的混合物，至少冻结了两年。由于水在冬季膨胀，在夏季收缩，它威胁到路基的稳定性——铁路轨道的基础。)”可知，在冻土区施工展开重点论述，这是青藏铁路最核心的工程挑战。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“By graveling embankments and installing vent-pipes underneath the roadbed to provide thermal stability (热稳定性) for the permafrost, Chinese engineers successfully solved the problem.( 中国工程师通过在路堤上铺砾石，并在路基下安装排气管，为永久冻土提供热稳定性，成功地解决了这个问题。)”可知，中国工程师通过铺设碎石路基和在路基下方安装通风管成功解决了该问题。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Roughly 85 percent of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is over 4,000 meters above sea level. The lack of oxygen posed another challenge. Workers carried oxygen tanks weighing 10 kilograms while completing the construction. Over 110 medical facilities were constructed along the railway with more than 600 medical staff to take care of the workers.( 青藏铁路约 85% 的路段海拔超过 4000 米，缺氧问题构成了另一大施工挑战。工人们在施工期间需随身携带重达 10 公斤的氧气瓶，铁路沿线共修建了 110 余座医疗设施，配备 600 余名医护人员，全程保障施工人员的健康。)”可知，修建青藏铁路时工人面临极端海拔和低氧的工作环境。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“When the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was first announced decades ago, it was a project that many thought “impossible”. Spanning over 2,000 kilometers, the railway has made eight world records. Construction began in 1958 and was completed decades later in 2006, using innovative engineering concepts.( 数十年前，青藏铁路建设方案首次公布时，曾被许多人视为“不可能完成”的工程。这条铁路全长超 2000 公里，创下八项世界纪录。工程始于 1958 年，历经数十年攻坚克难，于 2006 年竣工，全程采用创新工程理念。)”可知，文章开篇点明青藏铁路是“许多人认为不可能的工程”，随后介绍其世界纪录、冻土施工、高海拔缺氧应对、生态保护等多项工程成就，最后强调其 “展示中国毅力”，核心是凸显其“工程奇迹”的属性。由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是“青藏铁路：一个工程奇迹”。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川成都列五中学·期中）Being bored is no fun, especially at work. There’s nothing worse than finding yourself bored in your office on a Monday morning and realize there’s still four and a half more days to the weekend. But a new research done by Australian National University argues that while boredom is certainly boring, it isn’t all bad. This bored mental state can actually spark (引发) precious creativity. The study asked 52 subjects (实验对象) to do a boring job: Sort apart a bowl of red and green beans with just one hand for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, 49 other subjects — the control group — were instructed to create art projects with paper, beans, and glue. Once the 30 minutes was over, each group was asked to spend five minutes on a creative task:they had to come up with reasons why a hypothetical (假设的) person was two hours late for a meeting. The researchers found that the bored group came up with not just more ideas but more creative ideas than the control group. The research found that although some previous research implies boredom can lead to dissatisfaction at a job, boredom didn’t produce unwanted emotions that could be detrimental to mental health. In this case, people who were bored were just bored, and they walked away with a net benefit of creativity. “Boredom is not miserable and harmful based on my research,” says the study’s lead author, Guihyun Park. “People want to get out of a boring state, so they are induced to novelty-seeking (追求新奇的) unique thinking, which brings out creativity.” 1.What can we know about the 52 subjects? A. They often felt very bored. B. They always thought of weekends. C. They were asked to do creative work. D. They were required to sort beans. 2.What can we learn from the third paragraph? A. The bored group was as creative as the control group. B. Bored people could work better than those who were not. C. The two groups did different tasks to test their creativity. D. Bored people are often late for a meeting. 3.What can the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 4 probably be replaced by? A. Valuable. B. Effective. C. Harmful. D. Positive. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Boredom Brings out Creativity B. Never Feel Bored When Doing Work C. Being Bored Is No Fun at Work D. Boredom Produces Unwanted Emotions 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无聊的精神状态可以引发宝贵的创造力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study asked 52 subjects (实验对象) to do a boring job: Sort apart a bowl of red and green beans with just one hand for 30 minutes.(这项研究要求52名实验对象做一项无聊的工作：用一只手把一碗红豆和绿豆分开，时长30分钟)”可知，这52名实验对象他们被要求对豆子进行分类。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers found that the bored group came up with not just more ideas but more creative ideas than the control group.(研究人员发现，与对照组相比，无聊的那一组不仅有更多的想法，而且更有创意)”可推知，无聊的人比不无聊的人工作得更好。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“The research found that although some previous research implies boredom can lead to dissatisfaction at a job, (研究发现，尽管之前的一些研究表明无聊会导致对工作的不满)”以及下文“In this case, people who were bored were just bored, and they walked away with a net benefit of creativity.(在这种情况下，无聊的人只是无聊，他们带着创造力的净收益离开)”由此可知，此处指无聊并不会产生有害于心理健康的不必要情绪，故可猜测划线单词detrimental为“有害的”意思，与C项Harmful“有害的”意思一致。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段““Boredom is not miserable and harmful based on my research,” says the study’s lead author, Guihyun Park. “People want to get out of a boring state, so they are induced to novelty-seeking (追求新奇的) unique thinking, which brings out creativity.”(“根据我的研究，无聊并不是痛苦和有害的，”该研究的主要作者Guihyun Park说。“人们想要摆脱枯燥的状态，所以他们被诱导出寻求新奇的独特思维，这带来了创造力。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了无聊的精神状态可以引发宝贵的创造力，故这篇文章最好的标题是“无聊带来创造力”。故选A项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·四川内江市第一中学·期中）Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges. Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(音高). One of the study's authors, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music ''actually tunes our sensory system''. This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs, Dr. Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems. Mandarin(普通话)speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding(编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A single-syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned. For this study, the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years. As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word ''mi'' in three of its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice. The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds. The lead author of the study, Patrick C. M. Wong, said it might work both ways. It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments. 1.When learning Chinese, a foreigner will find _____. A. it difficult to learn music at the same time B. it not difficult to learn music at the same time C. it hard to master the tones required to speak and understand D. it easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch 2.Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training? A. Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music. B. Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain. C. Because music training might help people with language study. D. Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music. 3.The underlined word ''intoned'' in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by the word ''_____''. A. created B. spelled C. seemed D. pronounced 4.What would be the best title of this passage? A. Mandarin Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers B. Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study C. Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning D. Schools Need to Develop Music Programs 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。目前有研究人员发现，受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由第一段的Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand.可知，任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。C. it hard to master the tones required to speak and understand(很难掌握说话和理解时所需要的声调)符合以上说法，故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由第二段的researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(来自西北大学的研究人员说，学习汉语和音乐训练用到的是都是大脑相同的部位，这些部位有助于帮助人们发现音调中的变化。)可知，中文学习与音乐训练有关是因为学习两种技能需要用到大脑相同的部位。B. Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.(学习这两种节能都要用到大脑的相同部分)符合以上说法，故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。由第四段This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A single­syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned. 可知，在普通话和其他亚洲语言中，音调起着中心作用。一个单音节词，根据它如何toned，可以有几种意思。根据上下文语境，尤其是pitch可猜测划线部分的意思是“发音”。D. pronounced(发音)符合以上猜测，故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese.(现在研究人员发现受过音乐训练的人在学习汉语方面会更加容易)和researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(来自西北大学的研究人员说，学习汉语和音乐训练用到的是都是大脑相同的部位，这些部位有助于帮助人们发现音调中的变化。)可知，本文主要讲述研究表明，经过音乐训练的人，在学汉语方面会更加容易。音乐训练和汉语学习均用到了大脑相同的部位。该部位可以帮助人们更好地发现语调的变化，有助于人们学习语言。B. Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study(熟练的音乐听觉有助于语言学习)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·四川射洪中学·期中）A good many facts show that it is more difficult to learn a new language as an adult than as a child, which has led scientists to think that there is a “critical (关键的) period” for language learning. However, the length of this period and its main causes remain unknown. A new study performed at MIT suggests that children remain very skilled at learning the grammar of a new language much longer than expected — up to the age of 17 or 18. However, the study also found that it is nearly impossible for people to achieve fluency similar to that of a native speaker unless they start learning a language by the age of 10. “If you want to have native-like knowledge of English grammar, you should start by about 10 years old. We don’t see very much difference between people who start at birth and people who start at 10, but we start seeing a going down after that,” says Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College, who made this study as a postdoc at MIT. People who start learning a language between 10 and 18 will still learn quickly, but since they have a shorter window before their learning ability goes down, they do not achieve the fluency of native speakers, the researchers found. The findings are based on an analysis of a grammar quiz taken by nearly 670,000 people, which is by far the largest data set that anyone has collected for a study of language-learning ability. “It’s been very difficult until now to get all the data you would need to answer this question of how long the critical period lasts,” says Josh Tenenbaum, an MIT professor of brain science and an author of the paper. “But this is one of those hard-to-get opportunities in science where we could work on a question that is very old, that many smart people have thought about and written about, and take a new angle to see something that maybe other people haven’t.” 1.What is the best way for a child to sound like a native English speaker? A. Starting learning before 10 years old. B. Learning English for at least 10 years. C. Paying more attention to the grammar. D. Studying with the help of a native speaker. 2.Why does the author mention the grammar quiz in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the largest data set. B. To stress the importance of grammar. C. To show the truth of the findings. D. To explain the popularity of English. 3.How does Josh Tenenbaum feel about taking part in the study? A. Worried. B. Lucky. C. Bored. D. Confused. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why children are better at learning languages than adults. B. To introduce a new study on the important period for language learning. C. To discuss the importance of words and grammar in language learning. D. To compare the language learning abilities of people of different ages. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明儿童学习新语言语法的关键期比预期长，且10岁前开始学习才可能达到母语者般的流利程度，文章还介绍了研究过程及相关看法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, the study also found that it is nearly impossible for people to achieve fluency similar to that of a native speaker unless they start learning a language by the age of 10(然而，该研究还发现，除非人们在10岁之前开始学习一门语言，否则他们几乎不可能达到与母语为英语的人相似的流利程度)”可知，学习英语的孩子要想听起来像以英语为母语的人，最好的方法是10岁前开始学习。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“People who start learning a language between 10 and 18 will still learn quickly, but since they have a shorter window before their learning ability goes down, they do not achieve the fluency of native speakers, the researchers found. The findings are based on an analysis of a grammar quiz taken by nearly 670,000 people, which is by far the largest data set that anyone has collected for a study of language-learning ability(研究人员发现，10岁到18岁之间开始学习一门语言的人仍然会学得很快，但由于他们学习能力下降前的窗口期较短，他们无法达到以英语为母语的人的流利程度。这些发现是基于对近67万人参加的语法测验的分析，这是迄今为止任何人为研究语言学习能力所收集的最大数据集)”可知，这些发现是基于对近67万人参加的语法测验的分析，这是迄今为止任何人为研究语言学习能力所收集的最大数据集，可推知，作者在第4段提到语法测验是为了证明研究结果的正确性。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But this is one of those hard - to-get opportunities in science where we could work on a question that is very old, that many smart people have thought about and written about, and take a new angle to see something that maybe other people haven't.(但这是科学领域中难得的机会之一，我们可以研究一个非常古老的问题，许多聪明的人都思考过、写过这个问题，并从一个新的角度去看待一些其他人可能没有看到的东西)”可知，Josh Tenenbaum认为这是科学领域中难得的机会之一，可推知，Josh Tenenbaum觉得参与这项研究是幸运的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A good many facts show that it is more difficult to learn a new language as an adult than as a child, which has led scientists to think that there is a “critical (关键的) period” for language learning. However, the length of this period and its main causes remain unknown(许多事实表明，成年人学习一门新语言比儿童学习一门新语言更困难，这使得科学家们认为语言学习有一个“关键期”。然而，这一时期的长度及其主要原因仍然未知)”、第二段中“However, the study also found that it is nearly impossible for people to achieve fluency similar to that of a native speaker unless they start learning a language by the age of 10(然而，该研究还发现，除非人们在10岁之前开始学习一门语言，否则他们几乎不可能达到与母语为英语的人相似的流利程度)”、第四段中“People who start learning a language between 10 and 18 will still learn quickly, but since they have a shorter window before their learning ability goes down, they do not achieve the fluency of native speakers (研究人员发现，10岁到18岁之间开始学习一门语言的人仍然会学得很快，但由于他们学习能力下降前的窗口期较短，他们无法达到以英语为母语的人的流利程度)”以及最后一段“But this is one of those hard -to-get opportunities in science where we could work on a question that is very old, that many smart people have thought about and written about, and take a new angle to see something that maybe other people haven't.(但这是科学领域中难得的机会之一，我们可以研究一个非常古老的问题，许多聪明的人都思考过、写过这个问题，并从一个新的角度去看待一些其他人可能没有看到的东西)”可知，儿童在17或18岁之前仍然非常擅长学习一门新语言的语法，但除非他们在10岁之前开始学习一门语言，否则几乎不可能达到与母语为英语的人相似的流利程度。同时文章还介绍了研究开展的过程以及人们对这项研究的一些看法。可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于语言学习关键时期的新研究。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·四川南充西充中学·期中）The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages. Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.” Among the benefits of learning a second language is the possibility to “increase brain power (智力)”, Ms Baker said. Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function (心智功能). “The future of our kids will not depend on academic (学业的) abilities as much as it has done,” she said. “We’re still really focused on academic grades. I’m not saying they are not important, but they’re not everything. We have to think about what the kids need for their future.” Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school: Advanced Higher French and German as well as beginner’s level Russian, which her French teacher taught “just for fun”. Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).” Since studying translation, she has worked as an in-house translator and an assistant language teacher (of English) in Osaka, Japan. She is now a translator in Edinburgh. “I love my job and I’ll always be thankful to my language teachers at school who taught me how to learn,” she said. 1.What does Ellie Baker suggest children do? A. Learn languages through music. B. Focus on their academic grades. C. Learn languages at an early age. D. Be clear about their real needs. 2.What does the underlined word “benefits” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Advantages. B. Types. C. Directions. D. Methods. 3.What is the major influence of learning languages on Cassandra Scott? A. It prepared her for her career. B. It helped her travel around the world. C. It made her fall in love with literature. D. It changed her understanding of English. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To encourage kids to learn several foreign languages. B. To discuss the importance of learning foreign languages. C. To show the challenge of learning foreign languages. D. To introduce a new study on foreign language learning. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了英国中学学习外语的青少年数量下降的现象，并探讨了学习外语的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.”(Ellie Baker老师坚信，从小接触语言是件好事。她创立了Bilingual Sing，为孩子们开设了法语和西班牙语音乐课程。贝克女士说:“从2013年开始，我一直在教授婴儿及更大年龄段的孩子。”“我们应该为孩子们不确定的未来做好准备。)”可知，Ellie Baker建议孩子们在很小的时候学习语言。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文“Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function.(研究表明，学习第二语言可以减缓大脑衰老，并可以提高心智功能。)”可知，学习第二语言的好处之一是有可能“增强脑力”，由此可知，benefits意为“好处，益处”，与Advantages意义相近。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).”(Scott说：“在学校学习语言对我的英语有很大的帮助，让我对我的语言有了新的看法，也让我在学习文学方面有了更多的实践，但更重要的是，它为我的职业生涯奠定了基础。”)”可知，学习语言对Cassandra Scott的主要影响是为她的职业生涯奠定了基础。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages.(英国广播公司的一项研究发现，自2000年以来，英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了45%。对这项研究的态度褒贬不一。有些人想知道，当全世界有数亿人说英语时，为什么还要学习一门外语。其他人则质疑，当翻译技术发展得如此之快时，是否需要第二语言。然而，许多外语使用者称赞了它的优点。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了英国中学学习外语的青少年数量下降的现象，目的是探讨学习外语的重要性。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·四川南充西充中学·期中）Although South Africans are known for their friendliness and warmth, our accent (口音) is not well-received, with a new study showing our accent is the world’s 12th friendliest. According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me. The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly. Although the New Zealand accent is similar to the Australian accent, New Zealanders came 15th with just 1 in 100 choosing the Kiwi accent as the friendliest. In understanding why some accents are viewed as more friendly than others, Dr Christopher Strelluf from the University of Warwick said attitudes towards language varieties (变体) usually show the ideas “we have about people who speak those varieties”. “If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.” “The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for ‘correct’ English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf. “In this study, the attitudes towards English show the basic ways we continue to find our way through social relationships using language and our thoughts about language.” 1.How does the author probably feel about the study? A. Excited. B. Doubtful. C. Surprised. D. Satisfied 2.Which of the four accents is least friendly according to the study? A. The American accent. B. The Canadian accent. C. The Australian accent. D. The British accent. 3.What may the study lead people to think according to Strelluf? A. Americans are nice and warm. B. Americans are usually talkative. C. Americans like language to be varied. D. Americans like to explore the world. 4.Why does Strelluf mention people’s preferred Englishes in paragraph 4? A. To show the development of the global marketplace. B. To explain the importance of learning “correct English”. C. To draw attention to the changing face of global English. D. To compare the difference of English in the UK and the US. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于不同英语口音友好程度的研究，并探讨了人们对不同口音的态度及其背后的原因。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me.(根据这项研究，每100名参与者中只有1人认为南非口音听起来最友好——自2019年以来大幅下降，当时南非口音被认为是世界上第二美丽的口音，这对我来说是一个惊人的结果)”可知，作者对这项研究的结果感到惊讶。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly.(研究发现，美国人的英语口音是世界上最友好的，每五个人中就有一个认为美国口音最友好。尽管加拿大口音与通用美式英语最为接近，发音和口音规则相似，但只有十二分之一的人选择它作为最友好的口音。英国口音被认为是第二友好的口音，每七个人中就有一个选择它作为最友好的口音。澳大利亚口音排在第三位，几乎每十个人中就有一个认为它很友好)”可知，美国口音、英国口音和澳大利亚口音都被认为比较友好，而加拿大口音被认为最不友好。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段““If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.”(“如果全世界的人都认为美式英语听起来很友好，这对美国人来说是个好消息，因为这意味着人们认为美国人是友好的人。”)”可知，根据斯特雷卢夫的说法，这项研究可能会让人们认为美国人很友好。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段““The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for “correct” English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf.(斯特雷卢夫说：“世界各地的英语含义也在许多维度上迅速变化。例如，虽然英式英语历来为“正确”英语提供了国际模式，但生活在以学习英语进入全球市场的国家的人们越来越倾向于以美式英语为标准。”)”可知，斯特雷卢夫提到人们偏爱的英语是为了引起人们对全球英语不断变化的关注。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·四川遂宁中学·期中）There are 6,909 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about six percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe. With more than 1.3 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China’s area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages. When speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 15 dialects (方言) spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn’t stopped it from becoming the second most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, including places as far flung as North America, India and Pakistan. Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing work in these fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe. Since the popularity of social media, the development of a Global Language Network can be mapped using book translations, Twitter, and Wikipedia. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics of use from these social networks indicate that while English is definitely the center in the Global Language Network, other intermediate centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are vastly more popular than German or French, and it is likely that those languages will grow in use of traditional and new media. 1.What does the underlined word “dominate” mean? A. Rule. B. Follow. C. Improve. D. Weaken. 2.Which of the following does not contribute to the widespread use of Chinese? A. The large population of China. B. The various dialects of Chinese. C. The geographical size of China. D. Its influence in global colonization. 3.Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language? A. It promotes national tourism. B. It is helpful for them to seek jobs. C. It is mainly used in local business. D. It allows them become online influencers. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. English will become less central in the future. B. Social media is equally accessible to all people. C. Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business. D. Language use is changing due to social media use. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球范围内语言的使用情况和一些主要语言的特点及发展趋势。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe.(许多不同国家的人都认识到学习一门外语对改善国际商务关系的价值。正因为如此，说某些语言的人数将继续增加。有一些语言目前dominate全球)”可知，有些语言很有用，说某些语言的人数将继续增加，所以目前有些语言在全球占据主导地位，因此dominate应意为“主导、支配”，与A选项Rule相符。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With more than 1.3 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China’s area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages.(中国有超过13亿人口，因此汉语是最常用的语言并不奇怪。由于中国的面积和人口众多，中国能够保持许多独特而有趣的语言)”可知，这说明中国庞大的人口和中国的地域面积是汉语广泛使用的原因，选项AC均为原因。根据“When speaking of languages, the term ‘Chinese’ contains at least 15 dialects (方言) spoken in the country and elsewhere.(说到语言，“汉语”这个词包含了至少15种在中国和其他地方使用的方言)”可知，汉语包含至少15种方言，这也是汉语广泛使用的一个原因，选项B也是原因之一。但是，文中并未提到汉语在全球殖民中的影响是导致其广泛使用的原因，反而“The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, including places as far flung as North America, India and Pakistan. Africa, and Australia.(西班牙语的传播源于殖民统治。英语也是一种殖民语言：英国的殖民努力始于15世纪，一直持续到20世纪初，包括北美、印度和巴基斯坦等遥远的地方)”提到西班牙语和英语的广泛传播与殖民有关。因此，选项D“它在全球殖民中的影响”不是导致汉语广泛使用的原因。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing work in these fields to learn English.(二战后，美国在技术和医疗创新方面都处于世界领先地位。正因为如此，人们认为学习英语对在这些领域寻求工作的学生是有益的)”可知，由于美国在技术和医学创新方面的领先地位，学习英语对在这些领域工作的学生来说是有益的。这说明很多人选择学习英语作为外语是为了找工作，因为英语在这些领域有广泛应用。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。最后一段提到“Since the popularity of social media, the development of a Global Language Network can be mapped using book translations, Twitter, and Wikipedia. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics of use from these social networks indicate that while English is definitely the center in the Global Language Network, other intermediate centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish.(自社交媒体流行以来，全球语言网络的发展可以通过书籍翻译、Twitter和维基百科来绘制。这些社交媒体只对精英阶层开放，即那些能够接触传统媒体和新媒体的人。这些社交媒体的使用统计表明，虽然英语绝对是全球语言网络的中心，但精英阶层用来交流商业和科学信息的其他中间中心还包括德语、法语和西班牙语)”，这说明随着社交媒体的发展，语言的使用和传播正在发生变化，英语虽然仍然是全球语言网络的中心，但其他语言如德语、法语和西班牙语等也在社交媒体上发挥着重要作用。同时，文中提到“Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are vastly more popular than German or French, and it is likely that those languages will grow in use of traditional and new media(目前，汉语、阿拉伯语和印地语等语言的受欢迎程度远高于德语或法语，而且这些语言在传统媒体和新媒体上的使用可能会增加)”，这进一步说明语言的使用正在发生变化。因此，我们可以从最后一段推断出由于社交媒体的使用，语言使用正在发生变化，选项D正确。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·四川遂宁中学·期中）With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think? Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen. Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read. Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better. So what can we do? We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice. 1.What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper? A. It is better for reading quick news. B. It brings peaceful reading experience. C. It provides a new adventure for readers. D. It helps to improve communication abilities. 2.Why might students miss details when reading on screens? A. Screens make the text harder to read. B. The text on screens is usually less detailed. C. Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply. D. Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas. 3.What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits? A. She hardly uses screens in daily reading. B. She likes using Kindle for all types of reading. C. She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading. D. She prefers to use paper for challenging literature. 4.Which is the best titl$