内容正文:
课程名称
双元音教学设计
教材分析
本节课选自英语语音板块 —— 双元音部分。语音是英语学习的基石,8 个双元音分为 5 个合口双元音 /eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//aʊ//əʊ/,3 个集中双元音 /ɪə//eə//ʊə/。双元音最大特点是发音舌位、口型动态滑动,前音重、后音轻,不可拆分成两个独立单元音朗读。本节课结合口型舌位要领、字母及字母组合、例词、谚语、绕口令开展教学,帮助学生建立 “音‑形对应”,改变死记硬背单词的学习方式,落实中职英语培养学生语言运用能力的目标,承接前面单元音知识,为后续辅音、单词拼读、口语朗读打下基础。
学情分析
授课对象为中职一年级学生。学生已经学习 12 个单元音,有一定音标基础,但容易把双元音拆读成两个独立音素,滑动发音不到位;能够认读简单单词,但缺少借助音标自主拼读单词的意识。学生乐于模仿发音,愿意参与小组互动、游戏竞赛活动,但集中注意力时间有限,容易混淆口型相近的双元音。因此课堂需要教师示范舌位口型,大量跟读模仿、对比辨音操练,借助单词、短句、绕口令降低抽象音标学习难度,调动学生课堂参与积极性。
教学目标
After learning this lesson,students can
通过本课的学习,学生能够
Knowledge Objectives 知识目标
Master 8 diphthongs;grasp the sliding feature of diphthongs;recognize corresponding letters and letter‑combinations.
掌握 8 个双元音,理解双元音滑动发音特点;识别双元音对应的字母及字母组合。
Ability Objectives 能力目标
Be able to distinguish different diphthongs by listening;read words and short sentences containing diphthongs with correct lip‑tongue sliding movement.
能够听辨区分不同双元音;运用正确口型舌位滑动,朗读含有双元音的单词与短句。
Emotional Objectives 情感目标
Build pronunciation confidence;develop the habit of using phonetic symbols to memorize new words.
建立英语发音自信心,养成借助音标记忆单词的良好学习习惯。
教学重难点
Key Points 重点
Master 8 diphthongs;master the corresponding letters and letter combinations.
掌握 8 个双元音;掌握双元音对应的典型字母、字母组合。
Difficult Points 难点
Master the sliding movement of diphthongs;do not split one diphthong into two separate sounds.
掌握双元音滑动发音;禁止把一个双元音拆读为两个独立单元音。
教学方法
1.Task‑Based Language Teaching 任务型教学法:设置辨音、对比朗读、小组竞赛、双人互查等任务开展练习。
2.Situational Teaching Method 情境教学法:结合单词、谚语、绕口令创设发音操练情境。
3.Audio‑lingual Method 听说法:教师示范舌位口型,学生大量模仿跟读,及时纠正拆分读音、滑动不到位等错误。
课前准备
教师:熟练掌握 8 个双元音口型舌位要点;准备 PPT 课件(发音口型图)、音标挂图、单词练习清单、绕口令素材、单词抢答卡片。
学生:复习 12 个单元音,预习音标表;准备笔记本,预习课本语音板块。
教学媒体
Phonetic chart, PPT, word cards, word list, blackboard
音标挂图、PPT 课件、单词卡片、单词表、黑板
教学过程
教学环节
教师活动设计
学生活动设计
设计意图
Warming‑up & Lead‑in
热身导入(7 mins)
Step1 Warming‑up & Lead‑in 热身导入(7 mins)
1.Greet students. Review 12 monophthongs briefly. Put forward guiding question: What is the difference between monophthongs and diphthongs?
师生问好,简单复习 12 个单元音。抛出引导问题:单元音和双元音最大的区别是什么?
2.Show phonetic chart on PPT and wall chart. Present 8 diphthongs, divide them into closing diphthongs(合口双元音)and centering diphthongs(集中双元音)。Explain core concept:Diphthongs need to slide smoothly from the first sound to the second sound, cannot be split.
PPT 和音标挂图出示 8 个双元音,分为合口双元音、集中双元音;讲解核心概念:双元音需要从第一个音平滑滑向第二个音,不能拆分读。
Observe phonetic chart, listen carefully and take key notes. Think over the guiding question.
观察音标挂图,认真听讲,记录笔记,思考导入问题。
复习旧知单元音,通过对比提问引出双元音主题,建立 8 个双元音整体认知框架,点明本课核心难点滑动发音,激发求知兴趣。
Presentation
新知讲授(22 mins)
Step2 Presentation 新知讲授(22 mins)
Part1 Closing diphthongs 合口双元音 /eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//aʊ//əʊ/
Demonstrate tonguelip movement one by one, remind students of the sliding feature: first sound loud and long, second sound short and light. Explain corresponding letters /letter combinations, lead students to read words, proverbs and short sentences.
逐个示范舌位口型,提示双元音核心特点:前重后轻、前长后短,发音要滑动,不能拆分。讲解对应字母、字母组合,带读例词、谚语。
1. 1./eɪ/closing diphthong:slide from /e/to/ɪ/;
2. letters a, ai, ay;
3. words cake, rain, play;
4. Sentence: No pains, no gains.
5. 合口双元音 /eɪ/:从 /e/ 滑向 /ɪ/;
6. 字母 a,ai,ay;
7. 例词 cake, rain, play;
8. 谚语:No pains, no gains.
9. 2./aɪ/closing diphthong:slide from /a/to/ɪ/;
10. letters i, igh, y;
11. words like, night, fly;
12. Sentence: Great minds think alike.
13. 合口双元音 /aɪ/:从 /a/ 滑向 /ɪ/;
14. 字母 i,igh,y;
15. 例词 like, night, fly;
16. 谚语:Great minds think alike.
17. 3./ɔɪ/closing diphthong:slide from /ɔ/to/ɪ/;
18. letters oi, oy;
19. words oil, coin, boy, toy.
20. 合口双元音 /ɔɪ/:从 /ɔ/ 滑向 /ɪ/;
21. 字母 oi,oy;
22. 例词 oil, coin, boy, toy.
23. 4./aʊ/closing diphthong:slide from /a/to/ʊ/;
24. letters ou, ow;
25. words out, house, cow, now.
26. 合口双元音 /aʊ/:从 /a/ 滑向 /ʊ/;
27. 字母 ou,ow;
28. 例词 out, house, cow, now.
29. 5./əʊ/closing diphthong:slide from /ə/to/ʊ/;
30. letters o, oa, ow;
31. words home, boat, slow, know.
32. 合口双元音 /əʊ/:从 /ə/ 滑向 /ʊ/;
33. 字母 o,oa,ow;
34. 例词 home, boat, slow, know.
Part2 Centering diphthongs 集中双元音 /ɪə//eə//ʊə/
Remind students these diphthongs slide towards central vowel /ə/. Explain letters & letter combinations with example words and sentences.
提示集中双元音末端向中央元音 /ə/ 滑动;讲解字母组合、例词与例句。
1. 1./ɪə/centering diphthong:slide from /ɪ/to/ə/;
2. letters ear, ere, eer;
3. words near, dear, beer;
4. Sentence: My dear friend lives near here.
5. 集中双元音 /ɪə/:从 /ɪ/ 滑向 /ə/;
6. 字母 ear,ere,eer;
7. 例词 near, dear, beer;
8. 句子:My dear friend lives near here.
9. 2./eə/centering diphthong:slide from /e/to/ə/;letters air, are, ear;
10. words chair, hair, where;
11. Sentence: Where there is air, there is life.
12. 集中双元音 /eə/:从 /e/ 滑向 /ə/;
13. 字母 air,are,ear;
14. 例词 chair, hair, where;
15. 句子:Where there is air, there is life.
16. 3./ʊə/centering diphthong:slide from /ʊ/to/ə/;letters ure, our, oor;
17. words sure, poor, tour.
18. 集中双元音 /ʊə/:从 /ʊ/ 滑向 /ə/;字母 ure,our,oor;
19. 例词 sure, poor, tour.
💡Important Tip:One diphthong is one single sound. Slide continuously. Never split it into two separate monophthongs.
提示:一个双元音是一个完整音,滑动连贯,严禁拆读为两个单元音。
Teacher walks around the classroom, observes students’ liptongue movement and correct wrong pronunciation timely, especially stop students’ splittingreading mistake. 教师巡视课堂,观察学生口型舌位,及时纠正发音,重点纠正拆分读音的错误。
Imitate pronunciation following teacher;read example words and sentences group by group;feel the sliding of lip and tongue;take notes for key letter combinations.
跟随教师模仿发音,分组朗读例词短句;感受舌位口型滑动变化;笔记本记录重点字母组合。
由合口双元音到集中双元音循序渐进,教师口型示范降低音标抽象感;例词、谚语、句子巩固音形对应;体感感受滑动过程,突破本课难点 “不要拆分双元音”。
Consolidation Practice
综合操练(12 mins)
Step3 Consolidation Practice 综合操练
1.Contrast reading
对比朗读:Compare diphthongs and similar monophthongs:/eɪ/‑/e/;/aɪ/‑/ɪ/;/əʊ/‑/ɒ/。Remind students to notice sliding difference.
开展双元音与相近单元音对比朗读练习:/eɪ/‑/e/;/aɪ/‑/ɪ/;/əʊ/‑/ɒ/,提醒学生体会有无滑动的区别。
Example word groups: day‑bed;bike‑big;boat‑bot。
2.Phoneme discrimination & group competition
辨音小组竞赛游戏:Show word cards,groups compete to read words and point out which diphthong it contains.
出示单词卡片,小组竞赛抢答,读出单词并说出单词包含哪一个双元音。例词:chair, near, boy, house, home。
3.Tongue‑twister practice
绕口令练习:"A noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more." Teacher reads first. Students with weak foundation can read slowly.
绕口令练习:A noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more。教师领读;基础薄弱学生允许慢速分句朗读。
4.Pair‑work 双人合作任务:
Students take turns to read diphthongs and example words to each other. Teacher walks around to give guidance and correct mistakes.
两人一组,互相朗读双元音和例词;教师巡堂,个别纠错指导。
Conclusion
课堂总结(3 mins)
Summary 课堂总结
1.Review 8 diphthongs together with students: 5 closing diphthongs and 3 centering diphthongs.
和学生一起回顾 8 个双元音:5 个合口双元音,3 个集中双元音。
2.Emphasize two key points:①Diphthongs must slide from first sound to second sound;②Never split one diphthong into two monophthongs.
强调两个核心要点:①双元音必须完成从第一个音向第二个音的滑动;②不可以把一个双元音拆成两个单元音读。
3.Encourage students to use phonetic symbols when learning new words.
鼓励学生学习新单词的时候主动使用音标。
Homework
① Read 8 diphthongs and example words 3 times. Record your reading if possible.
朗读 8 个双元音及对应例词 3 遍,有条件录制朗读音频。
② Practice the tongue‑twister until you can read it fluently.
练习课堂绕口令,做到流利朗读。
③ Try to use phonetic symbols to read 5 new words from textbook, mark their diphthongs.
借助音标拼读课本 5 个生词,标注单词里面的双元音。
Blackboard Design
Diphthongs(双元音)
8 Diphthongs
▷Closing diphthongs(合口)
/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aʊ/ /əʊ/
▷Centering diphthongs(集中)
/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
✅Key tips:
1.Slide smoothly from the 1st sound to the 2nd sound
2.First sound loud & long; second sound short & light
❗Do NOT split one diphthong!
Teaching Evaluation
过程性评价:课堂观察学生口型舌位模仿、跟读、小组竞赛、双人互动参与情况;对敢于开口、发音进步的学生口头表扬;当场纠正拆分读音、滑动不到位等发音错误。
任务评价:观察学生对比朗读、辨音抢答、绕口令、双人互读任务完成情况,判断学生是否可以掌握双元音滑动特点,不拆分读音。
课后评价:检查课后朗读、拼读单词作业,了解学生双元音掌握情况,作为后续语音教学参考。
Teaching Reflections
Students can get the general framework of 20 phonemes in this comprehensive lesson. Most can finish imitating reading. Some students still have problems in long‑short vowel distinction and diphthong gliding. Individual differences among students are obvious. In later classes, scattered segmented training and word‑spelling practice with phonetic symbols should be added. More low‑difficulty phonetic tasks should be designed for students with weak foundation, and more chances should be given for students to speak in class.
中文: 本节课学生搭建起 20 个元音音素整体知识框架,大部分学生可以完成模仿朗读。仍有部分学生很难区分长短元音,双元音滑动发音不到位,学生个体差异较明显。后续课时需要拆分知识点开展分段专项训练,增加音标拼读单词实操练习;为基础薄弱的学生设计难度更低的语音任务,课堂多创造学生开口练习的机会。
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