Unit2基础练习与课外阅读训练2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

八上 Unit 2 Amazing numbers · 基础练习与课外阅读训练 答案与解析（满分 125 分 / 90 分钟） Ⅰ. 答案速查 一、词汇基础 　词义与短语辨析 1–10：1.A　2.B　3.C　4.D　5.A　6.C　7.B　8.D　9.A　10.C 　11. counting　12. doubled　13. amazing　14. hesitation　15. wiser　16. faster　17. challenging　18. symbols　19. agreement　20. widely 　21. A grain of　22. Instead of　23. The number of　24. At first　25. More than（多余项：in total） 二、单项选择　26.A　27.B　28.C　29.D　30.A　31.B　32.C　33.D　34.A　35.B　36.C　37.D　38.A　39.B　40.C 三、句型与语法　41. How many　42. instead of　43. What a　44. Did; realise　45. What is 　46. thousand　47. Hundreds　48. kilometres　49. more interesting　50. was　51. are　52. ninth　53. is　54. larger　55. second 四、阅读理解　56.A　57.C　58.D　59.B　60.C　61.B　62.A　63.D　64.A　65.C　66.B　67.C　68.D　69.B　70.A 五、六选五　71.C　72.A　73.E　74.B　75.D（多余项：F） 六、语法填空　76.boxes　77.In　78.amazed　79.to compare　80.grew　81.were given　82.but　83.difference　84.tells　85.a 七、书面表达　86. 范文与评分要点见第 Ⅱ 部分末 Ⅱ. 逐题解析 一、词汇基础 1. 答案：A（划线部分 wise 可替换为 clever） wise 在此处意为“有见识、有智慧的”，与 clever（聪明的）最接近。strict 严厉的、poor 贫穷的、quiet 安静的，都不能解释后半句“常有人向他请教”。 2. 答案：B（划线部分 exact 可替换为 correct） exact “确切的、精确的”，与 correct（准确的）同义；破折号后的 don't just give me a guess 也是提示。large 大的、round 整数的、new 新的，均不合。 3. 答案：C（划线部分 hesitate 可替换为 wait and feel unsure） hesitate “犹豫、迟疑”，即 wait and feel unsure。hurry 匆忙、forget 忘记、refuse 拒绝（refuse to ask 与句意相反），均不能替换。 4. 答案：D（划线部分 increased 可替换为 became larger） increase “增加”，即 became larger；句中 800→1,200 方向明确。A 方向相反，B 与事实相反，C 只说“变化”未说明变大还是变小，不够准确。 5. 答案：A（划线部分 symbol 可替换为 sign） symbol “符号、记号”，与 sign（记号、符号）同义。letter 字母、word 单词、picture 图画，都只是 symbol 的可能形式之一，不能概括词义。 6. 答案：C（划线部分 instead of 可替换为 in place of） instead of “而不是、代替”，与 in place of 同义，两者后都接名词。as well as / together with 表示“和、以及”，because of 表示原因，替换后句意完全改变。 7. 答案：B（划线部分 more than 可替换为 over） more than “超过”，与 over 同义，后接数字。about 大约、almost 几乎（都表示不足）、only 只有，与原意不符。 8. 答案：D（划线部分 In total 可替换为 Altogether） in total “总共”，与 altogether 同义，用于给出合计数字。however 然而（转折）、for example 例如、at first 起初，替换后逻辑不通。 9. 答案：A（划线部分 realised 可替换为 understood） realise “意识到、明白”，与 understood 同义。make a mistake 是“犯错”，与 realise his mistake 不同；forgot（忘记）与原句相反；repeated（重复）不合语境。 10. 答案：C（划线部分 shows 可替换为 presents） show 此处意为“呈现、展示”，与 presents 同义。hides 隐藏（反义）、guesses 猜测、writes 书写，替换后都与 clearly 冲突或主语搭配不当。 11. counting 12. doubled 13. amazing 14. hesitation 15. wiser 16. faster 17. challenging 18. symbols 19. agreement 20. widely 第三节短语填空：21–25 依次填入 A grain of / Instead of / The number of / At first / More than；方框中 in total（总共）为多余项。注意句首单词首字母须大写。 二、单项选择 26. 答案：A　challenge sb to sth “向某人挑战某事”是 U2 重点搭配。teach 教、thank 感谢、follow 跟随，都不能与 to a game 搭配。 27. 答案：B　prize 奖品、奖金；price 价格（prize/price 音近形近，是常考辨析）。cost 成本、bill 账单，都不能表示“比赛奖金”。 28. 答案：C　represent “代表”。report 报告、repeat 重复、remember 记得，三个词与 the number 搭配后句意不通。 29. 答案：D　increase from...to... “从……增加到……”。improve 改善（质量）、raise 提高（及物，须带宾语）、reduce 减少（与 800→1,200 方向相反）。 30. 答案：A　accept “（主观上）接受”；receive 只表示“收到”，不含是否同意。get 得到、bring 带来，与 idea 搭配不合语境。 31. 答案：B　hesitate to do “犹豫做……”，Don't hesitate to... 是固定表达。refuse to ask 意思正好相反；stop / wait 后接 to do 句意不通。 32. 答案：C　wise “有智慧的”。后半句“人们常向他请教”是提示。strict 严厉的、rich 富有的、busy 忙碌的，都不能解释“受人请教”。 33. 答案：D　问“人口多少”用 population。number 须说 the number of people；amount 接不可数名词；total 总数。 34. 答案：A　millions of “数百万的”，表示概数时 million 加 -s 且后接 of。具体数字后 million 才用单数（two million）。 35. 答案：B　minus “减”；plus 加（20+5=25）、times 乘（20×5=100），都与结果 fifteen 不符。 36. 答案：C　double “使加倍”，课文核心情节：每一格是前一格的两倍。add 加（须接具体数量）、count 数、draw 画，都不合“成倍增长”。 37. 答案：D　大数读法：具体数字后 thousand / hundred 用单数，百位与十位之间加 and。A、B 加了 -s，C 缺 and。 38. 答案：A　describe “描述、说明”。draw 画、spell 拼写、weigh 称重，都不能与 quickly and clearly 构成合理搭配。 39. 答案：B　from...to... “从……到……”。between 须说 between...and...；at 接时间点；during 接时间段。 40. 答案：C　method “方法”，count with a method 搭配自然。machine 机器（古代没有）、question 问题、answer 答案，均不合语境。 三、句型与语法基础 41. How many　对可数名词的数量提问用 How many，后接可数名词复数。 42. instead of　instead of “而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词，用来合并两个相反的动作。 43. What a　What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语；number 是可数名词单数，须加 a。 44. Did realise　一般过去时的一般疑问句用 Did 引导，主语后的动词还原为原形 realise。 45. What is　对运算结果提问用 What is...? “……等于多少？” 46. thousand　具体数字后 thousand 用单数，不加 -s。 47. Hundreds　hundreds of “数以百计的”，表示概数时加 -s 并接 of；句首首字母大写。 48. kilometres　大于 1 的数字后，可数名词用复数。 49. more interesting　than 提示比较级；interesting 是多音节形容词，比较级加 more。 50. was　the number of “……的数目”作主语，谓语用单数；last week 提示一般过去时。 51. are　a number of “许多”后接复数名词，谓语用复数；now 提示现在进行时。 52. ninth　表示顺序用序数词；nine 的序数词是 ninth（去 e 加 th）。 53. is　population 作主语视为单数，谓语用 is。 54. larger　than 提示比较级；large 的比较级是 larger。 55. second　“第几高/第几长”用序数词；two 的序数词是 second。 四、阅读理解 A) The Little Code on Every Book（人与社会 · 生活科普） 56. 【细节】答案：A 细节题（第1段）。正解依据：第1段『the numbers under it are called the ISBN... Every book in the world has its own ISBN, and no two books share the same one』。干扰项 B 由第1段『a strange pattern of black and white lines』改编，但原文说它在书的背面（the back），不是封面（cover），属偷换位置。干扰项 C 中的 bookshop 出自第2段，原文并未说 ISBN 记录书店名称与地址，属无中生有。干扰项 D 出自第2段『workers had to write long descriptions to tell them apart』，那是 ISBN 出现之前的旧办法，属偷换时间。本题答案为 A，正解在选项第一位。 57. 【细节】答案：C 细节题（第2段）。正解依据：第2段『Before that, bookshops and libraries had great trouble keeping track of their books. Two books could easily have the same title, and workers had to write long descriptions to tell them apart』。干扰项 A 无中生有，原文从未讨论书价。干扰项 B 与原文相反——原文说的是书太多、重名太多，不是工人不识字。干扰项 D 夸大其词，原文只说有了 ISBN 后电脑能立刻识别，并未说此前完全没有电脑。本题答案为 C，正解在选项第三位。 58. 【细节】答案：D 细节题（第3段）。正解依据：第3段『The last number is special: it is worked out from all the others and is used to check for mistakes』。干扰项 A、B、C 分别对应第3段中前三个部分的功能（the first part... the second... the third is the title itself），属“张冠李戴”式干扰——三项都是原文真实信息，但被安到了“最后一位数字”头上。本题答案为 D，正解在选项第四位。 59. 【划线】答案：B 划线词解释题（第4段）。正解依据：第4段『It then takes the price and updates the shop's record, so the shop always knows how many items are left on the shelf』——货架上剩下的自然是“商品”。干扰项 A 出自同段『the machine reads the code』，把 machine 的功能说成 items 的含义，属偷换主体。干扰项 C 由同段『takes the price』改编，价格是被读取的对象而非“剩下的东西”。干扰项 D 无中生有，本段未提店员。本题答案为 B，正解在选项第二位。 60. 【体裁】答案：C 体裁题（全文题，排篇末）。全文客观介绍 ISBN 与条形码的由来、结构与应用，语言平实、无人物情节，属科普说明文。干扰项 A『travel story』、B『school notice』、D『book review』均为易混体裁标签——R3 唯一例外：体裁题的干扰项无法由原文句子改编，只能靠体裁特征排除。本题答案为 C，正解在选项第三位。 B) The Abacus: an Old Tool That Still Works（人与社会 · 中国智慧） 61. 【细节】答案：B 细节题（第1段）。正解依据：第1段『One of the earliest tools they invented was the abacus — a frame with small beads on thin rods』。干扰项 A 出自第3段『a modern calculator』，把计算器说成算盘，属偷换主体。干扰项 C 把 tool 偷换为 book，原文从未提“数字书”。干扰项 D 由第2段『ancient Egypt』改编，但原文说埃及人用的是算盘的早期形式，并未说发明计算机，属无中生有。本题答案为 B，正解在选项第二位。 62. 【细节】答案：A 细节题（第2段）。正解依据：第2段『In China, the abacus became popular during the Ming Dynasty and was given the name “suanpan”』。干扰项 B 出自同段『Simple forms of it were used in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome』，那是算盘早期形式的使用地，不是在中国流行的时间，属偷换地点。干扰项 C 由第3段『In 1946, in Tokyo, a famous match』改编，时间错置。干扰项 D 无中生有。本题答案为 A，正解在选项第一位。 63. 【排序】答案：D 推断题（第3段）。正解依据：第3段先说『skilled users could work out an answer as quickly as a modern calculator』，接着举 1946 年东京比赛『the abacus user won four of the five rounds』作为证据——举例是为了证明“熟练者速度极快”。干扰项 A 无中生有，原文未说计算器出故障。干扰项 B 偷换时间，算盘的发明在第1—2段，与 1946 年无关。干扰项 D 无中生有，比赛双方是“算盘使用者 vs 计算器操作员”，不是两国使用者对比。本题答案为 C，正解在选项第三位。 64. 【划线】答案：A 划线短语解释题（第4段）。正解依据：第4段『it trains the brain to picture numbers instead of just reading them』——在脑中“看见”数字，即心算。干扰项 B 与原文相反：原文强调的是“不依赖工具”，B 说用算盘核对。干扰项 C 无中生有，本段未提教师授课。干扰项 D 把『picture numbers』误解为“在纸上画数字”，属望文生义。本题答案为 A，正解在选项第一位。 65. 【主旨】答案：C 主旨题（全文题，排篇末）。正解依据：末段『A tool does not have to be the newest one to be useful. What really matters is how well we learn to use it』——全文由算盘的历史、1946 年比赛、今日教学价值一路铺垫，末段收束为“旧工具用得好依然有用”。干扰项 A 夸大其词，第4段只说孩子仍在学算盘，并未要求取代计算器。干扰项 B 无中生有且绝对化，第4段只说『often become better at mental maths』，未做跨国比较。干扰项 D 由第2段『ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome』反向改编——原文说算盘早期形式在多地出现，并非中国最早，属与原文矛盾。本题答案为 C，正解在选项第三位。 C) Cicadas That Count（人与自然 · 科学科普 · 最难） 66. 【细节】答案：B 细节题（第1段）。正解依据：第1段『for most of their long lives they stay underground, doing little more than drinking juice from tree roots』。干扰项 A 由第4段『After a few weeks above ground』改编——成虫在地上只活几周，不是“大部分生命”。干扰项 C 无中生有，原文未提水域。干扰项 D 由第3段『their enemies』反向改编，蝉是猎物而非寄生者。本题答案为 B，正解在选项第二位。 67. 【细节】答案：C 细节题（第2段）。正解依据：第2段『Both 13 and 17 are prime numbers... With a prime number of years, such meetings become far less common』（meetings 指与天敌相遇）。干扰项 A 无中生有，原文从未说蝉能“记住”数字。干扰项 B 偷换概念，第3段只说『live to lay eggs』，未给产卵数量。干扰项 D 无中生有，且第4段明确说成虫在下一代入土前就已死去，不存在“向父母学习”。本题答案为 C，正解在选项第三位。 68. 【推断】答案：D 推断题（第3段）。正解依据：第3段『their enemies simply cannot eat them all... the cicadas make sure that at least some of them will live to lay eggs』——天敌吃不过来，所以总有一部分活下来。干扰项 A 与原文『cannot plan for them』直接相反。干扰项 B 夸大其词，原文承认有 enemies（天敌），只是吃不完。干扰项 C 与原文『cannot eat them all』相反。本题答案为 D，正解在选项第四位。 69. 【划线】答案：B 划线词解释题（第4段）。正解依据：第4段冒号后的解释『the insects do not bite, and they do not eat garden plants』——不咬人、不啃花草，即“无害”。干扰项 A 由同段『noisy』改编，noisy 是并列形容词，被本词前的 but 转折掉，不是 harmless 的含义。干扰项 C、D 均无中生有。本题答案为 B，正解在选项第二位。 70. 【except】答案：A EXCEPT 题（全文题，排篇末）。干扰项（即原文为真、不可选的项）：B 对应第1段『for most of their long lives they stay underground』；C 对应第1段『every thirteen or seventeen years』；D 对应第3段『coming out all at once in huge numbers』——三项均为原文明确信息。A『They bite people and eat garden plants』与第4段『the insects do not bite, and they do not eat garden plants』直接矛盾，故为 NOT true 的正解。本题答案为 A，正解在选项第一位。 五、六选五 71. 答案：C　前句说“我们很难想象一千万人是什么概念”，本空须承接“因此要把大数字变成能想象的画面”，选 C（That is why...）。 72. 答案：A　前句举了“两百个体育场”的类比例子，本空宜作总结：这类比较把数字变成了脑海中的画面，选 A（Comparisons like this...）。 73. 答案：E　前句说“把大数字拆成更小的单位”，后句说“秒、天这类小单位更容易感受”，选 E（一百万秒约等于十一天）作具体例证。 74. 答案：B　本空在段首，后句讲图表比一长串数字更清楚，选 B（Charts and graphs are useful tools for this）作主题句。 75. 答案：D　前句说“要问数字从哪来”，后句说“先核实来源再相信”，选 D（同一数字不同机构算法不同）。 干扰项说明：F 项（Numbers appear in every school subject, from maths to history.）谈的是数字在学科中的普遍存在，与本文“如何把大数字讲清楚”的主题无关，为多余项。 六、语法填空（考点唯一性表） 76. 【易】boxes　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：名词复数 给词·名词复数。three 后接可数名词复数，box 的复数是 boxes（以 -x 结尾加 -es）。 77. 【易】In　纯空格/给词：纯空格　考点：介词·固定搭配 纯空格·介词。in total “总共”，是固定搭配；句首首字母大写。 78. 【易】amazed　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：词形变化·动→形 给词·词形变化（动词→形容词）。be amazed by “对……感到惊讶”，人作主语用 -ed 形式。 79. 【难】to compare　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：非谓语·不定式 给词·非谓语（不定式）。ask sb to do sth “要求某人做某事”，compare 前加 to。 80. 【易】grew　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：时态·一般过去 给词·时态（一般过去式）。Last year 提示叙述过去的变化，grow 变 grew。 81. 【中】were given　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：语态·一般过去被动 给词·语态（一般过去时被动）。主语 books 与 give 是被动关系，且叙述过去的事，填 were given。 82. 【中】but　纯空格/给词：纯空格　考点：连词·固定结构 纯空格·连词。not just...but... “不仅是……而且是……”，此处表示“不只是一串数字，而是一幅变化图”。 83. 【易】difference　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：词形变化·形→名 给词·词形变化（形容词→名词）。作 makes 的宾语需用名词，different 的名词形式是 difference。 84. 【易】tells　纯空格/给词：给词　考点：动词三单 给词·动词三单。主语 Our teacher 是第三人称单数，often 提示一般现在时，tell 变 tells。 85. 【易】a　纯空格/给词：纯空格　考点：冠词 纯空格·冠词。mistake 为可数名词单数且首次提及，泛指“一个错误”，用 a。 七、书面表达（86 题） 示例范文（约 95 词）： Numbers in My Life Numbers are everywhere in my life. I use them to tell the time, to take the right bus and to check my pocket money. Last month, numbers helped me solve a small problem. My mother gave me 100 yuan for the new term. I wrote down everything I bought — a pen for 8 yuan, a notebook for 12 yuan and a ruler for 5 yuan. When I added the numbers up, I found that I still had 75 yuan left. Now I know that numbers are not just figures in a maths book. They help me plan my life and make good choices. 评分要点（3 条） 1) 内容要点：三个问题都要回答——日常用到哪些数字、一次用数字解决问题（或发现问题）的经历、读懂数字的好处。 2) 结构要点：开头点题，中间用 Last month / One day 引出具体经历并写清数字，结尾谈收获或感受。 3) 语言要点：正确使用本单元词汇（count / add up / price / change 等）；时态以一般现在时为主、叙述经历用一般过去时；不出现拼写与主谓一致错误。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪教牛津版八年级上册 Unit 2 Amazing numbers 基础练习 + 课外阅读 + 语法填空 + 书面表达（满分 125 分 · 建议用时 90 分钟） 班级： 　　姓名： 　　得分： 一、词汇基础（共 30 分） 第一节　词义与短语辨析（第 1–10 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 选出可以替换句中划线部分、且使句意基本不变的一项。 1. My grandpa is a very wise man, so people often ask him for advice. A. clever　B. strict　C. poor　D. quiet 2. Please tell me the exact number — don't just give me a guess. A. large　B. correct　C. round　D. new 3. Don't hesitate to ask me for help if you need it. A. hurry　B. forget　C. wait and feel unsure　D. refuse 4. The number of the visitors increased from 800 to 1,200 last year. A. became smaller　B. stayed the same　C. changed　D. became larger 5. In Roman numerals, each symbol stands for a different number. A. sign　B. letter　C. word　D. picture 6. He asked for rice instead of gold. A. as well as　B. together with　C. in place of　D. because of 7. There are more than two thousand books in our school library. A. about　B. over　C. almost　D. only 8. In total, we counted 218 books in the reading corner. A. However　B. For example　C. At first　D. Altogether 9. The king finally realised his mistake, but it was too late. A. understood　B. made　C. forgot　D. repeated 10. The chart shows the change clearly. A. hides　B. guesses　C. presents　D. writes 第二节　用所给词的适当形式填空（第 11–20 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 11. He practised ______ (count) from one to one hundred in English. 12. The price of rice ______ (double) last month because of the bad weather. 13. It is ______ (amaze) that one grain of rice can become so many. 14. “No, just rice,” the old man replied without ______ (hesitate). 15. The old man was much ______ (wise) than the king. 16. This new method is far ______ (fast) than the old one. 17. The king found the game more ______ (challenge) than he had expected. 18. Different countries once used different ______ (symbol) for numbers. 19. After a long discussion the two sides reached an ______ (agree). 20. Rice is ______ (wide) grown in the south of China. 第三节　短语填空（第 21–25 题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 方框中有六个短语，其中一个是多余的，请选用合适的短语填空（注意大小写）。 　　a grain of / more than / at first / instead of / the number of / in total 21. ______ rice was put on the first square of the chessboard. 22. ______ counting with sticks, people began to use written symbols. 23. ______ students in our school is about 1,200. 24. ______, the king thought the old man's request was very small. 25. ______ two thousand people came to watch the match. 二、单项选择（第 26–40 题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 26. Nobody in the country could beat the king at chess, so the old man decided to ______ him to a game. A. challenge　B. teach　C. thank　D. follow 27. The winner of the chess game will receive a ______ of 500 yuan. A. price　B. prize　C. cost　D. bill 28. In Roman numerals, the letter “C” ______ the number 100. A. reports　B. repeats　C. represents　D. remembers 29. The number of visitors ______ from 800 to 1,200 last year. A. improved　B. raised　C. reduced　D. increased 30. The king did not ______ the old man's idea at first, but later he agreed. A. accept　B. receive　C. get　D. bring 31. Don't ______ to ask me for help if you need it. A. stop　B. hesitate　C. wait　D. refuse 32. My grandfather is a ______ man, so people often ask him for advice. A. strict　B. rich　C. wise　D. busy 33. —What is the ______ of your city? —About ten million. A. number　B. amount　C. total　D. population 34. There are ______ of stars in the night sky. A. millions　B. million　C. a million　D. two millions 35. Twenty ______ five is fifteen. A. plus　B. minus　C. times　D. and 36. The old man asked for one grain of rice and then ______ it for each new square. A. added　B. counted　C. doubled　D. drew 37. —How do you say 6,671 in English? —______. A. Six thousands, six hundred and seventy-one　B. Six thousand, six hundreds and seventy-one　C. Six thousand and six hundred seventy-one　D. Six thousand, six hundred and seventy-one 38. Numbers help us ______ things quickly and clearly. A. describe　B. draw　C. spell　D. weigh 39. The museum is open ______ 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day. A. at　B. from　C. between　D. during 40. Long ago people used tally sticks because they had no better ______ to count with. A. machine　B. question　C. method　D. answer 三、句型与语法基础（共 15 分） 第一节　句型转换（第 41–45 题，每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 按要求改写句子，每空一词。 41. There are about 1,000 students in our school.（对划线部分提问） 　　______ ______ students are there in your school? 42. The old man asked for rice. He did not ask for gold.（合并为一句） 　　The old man asked for rice ______ ______ gold. 43. The number is very large.（改为感叹句） 　　______ ______ large number it is! 44. The king realised his mistake after the game.（改为一般疑问句） 　　______ the king ______ his mistake after the game? 45. Ten plus ten equals twenty.（对划线部分提问） 　　______ ______ ten plus ten? 第二节　语法填空（第 46–55 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下列句子，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 46. There are about two ______ (thousand) students in our school. 47. ______ (hundred) of people visit the museum every day. 48. The Nile River is about 6,671 ______ (kilometre) long. 49. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one. 50. The number of the visitors ______ (be) over 3,000 last week. 51. A number of students ______ (be) playing on the playground now. 52. September is the ______ (nine) month of the year. 53. The population of our city ______ (be) about ten million. 54. Our classroom is three times ______ (large) than theirs. 55. He is the ______ (two) tallest boy in our class. 四、阅读理解（第 56–70 题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A) The Little Code on Every Book（人与社会 · 生活科普） Look at the back of almost any book and you will find a strange pattern of black and white lines with a row of numbers under it. This is a barcode, and the numbers under it are called the ISBN — the International Standard Book Number. Every book in the world has its own ISBN, and no two books share the same one. The ISBN was first used in 1970. Before that, bookshops and libraries had great trouble keeping track of their books. Two books could easily have the same title, and workers had to write long descriptions to tell them apart. With an ISBN, a shop only needs to read the code, and the computer knows at once which book it is, who wrote it and how much it costs. The same code is used in every country, so a bookshop in China and a library in Canada can recognise the same book at once. An ISBN used to have ten numbers, but since 2007 it has had thirteen. The first part tells you the country or the language area, the second names the publisher, and the third is the title itself. The last number is special: it is worked out from all the others and is used to check for mistakes. If a worker types one wrong number, the computer can notice the error immediately. Barcodes are not only found on books. They appear on food, clothes, medicine and almost everything we buy. When you pay for something at a shop, the machine reads the code in less than a second. It then takes the price and updates the shop's record, so the shop always knows how many items are left on the shelf. So the next time you pick up a book, turn it over and look at the little code on the back. Those black lines and thirteen numbers do a great deal of quiet work for us every day. 56. What is the ISBN according to the passage? A. A number given to a book so that no two books share it. B. The black and white pattern printed on the cover of a book. C. The name and address of the bookshop that sells the book. D. A long description written to tell two books apart. 57. What problem did bookshops have before the ISBN was used? A. Books were too expensive for most people to buy. B. Workers could not read the numbers printed on books. C. Two books often had the same title and were hard to tell apart. D. There were no computers in any bookshop at all. 58. What is the last number of an ISBN used for? A. Telling you which country the book comes from. B. Naming the publisher of the book. C. Showing the title of the book. D. Checking whether the other numbers are correct. 59. In Paragraph 4, the underlined word “items” means “______”. A. the machines that read a barcode B. the things that are sold in the shop C. the prices printed on the shelf D. the workers who serve the customers 60. What kind of writing is this passage? A. A travel story about famous libraries. B. A school notice about a reading week. C. A science report for young readers. D. A book review of a famous novel. B) The Abacus: an Old Tool That Still Works（人与社会 · 中国智慧） Long before calculators and computers existed, people needed a way to work with numbers quickly. One of the earliest tools they invented was the abacus — a frame with small beads on thin rods. By moving the beads up and down, a user can add, subtract, multiply and divide. The abacus has a very long history. Simple forms of it were used in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. In China, the abacus became popular during the Ming Dynasty and was given the name “suanpan”. A Chinese suanpan usually has more than two columns of beads, and each column stands for a different place value — ones, tens, hundreds and so on. Unlike modern machines, an abacus needs no electricity at all, and it can keep working for hundreds of years if it is looked after well. Using an abacus looks easy, but it takes years of practice to become truly fast. In the past, skilled users could work out an answer as quickly as a modern calculator, and some were even faster. In 1946, in Tokyo, a famous match was held between the best abacus user in Japan and the best operator of an electric calculator. To everyone's surprise, the abacus user won four of the five rounds. Today few people use an abacus for daily work, but it has not disappeared. In many Asian countries, children still learn to use it because it trains the brain to picture numbers instead of just reading them. Some studies have found that children who practise with an abacus often become better at mental maths. The abacus also teaches us something about learning itself. A tool does not have to be the newest one to be useful. What really matters is how well we learn to use it. Perhaps that is why the abacus still has a place in classrooms today. 61. What is an abacus? A. A modern machine that works out answers alone. B. A frame with beads on rods used for counting. C. A book of numbers used in ancient schools. D. A computer invented in ancient Egypt. 62. In China, the abacus became popular ______. A. during the Ming Dynasty B. in ancient Egypt and Greece C. after the 1946 match in Tokyo D. in the twentieth century 63. Here are four events from the passage. Please put them in the correct order. ① Simple forms of the abacus were used in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. ② In China the abacus became popular and was named “suanpan”. ③ A match was held in Tokyo between an abacus user and a calculator operator. ④ Children in some Asian countries learn to use the abacus to train the brain. A. ②①③④ B. ③①②④ C. ①③②④ D. ①②③④ 64. In Paragraph 4, the underlined phrase “mental maths” means “______”. A. doing sums in your head without writing them down B. using an abacus to check an answer C. learning numbers from a teacher at school D. drawing pictures of numbers on paper 65. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. The abacus should take the place of calculators in every classroom. B. Chinese children are better at maths than children in other countries. C. An old tool can still be useful if we learn to use it well. D. China was the first country in the world to invent a counting tool. C) Cicadas That Count（人与自然 · 科学科普 · 最难） In some parts of North America, something strange happens every thirteen or seventeen years. Billions of insects with red eyes and orange wings climb out of the ground at almost the same time. They are periodical cicadas, and for most of their long lives they stay underground, doing little more than drinking juice from tree roots. Scientists have long asked why these cicadas wait exactly thirteen or seventeen years. Both 13 and 17 are prime numbers — numbers that cannot be divided evenly by any smaller number except 1. This may be the insects' secret. If they came out every twelve years, they would meet enemies whose own life cycles are two, three, four or six years. With a prime number of years, such meetings become far less common. The numbers also make the cicadas hard to follow. A bird or a small animal cannot plan for them, because thirteen and seventeen do not fit neatly into any shorter cycle. When the insects do appear, there are so many of them that their enemies simply cannot eat them all. By coming out all at once in huge numbers, the cicadas make sure that at least some of them will live to lay eggs. After a few weeks above ground, the adults die, and the next generation disappears into the soil. They will not be seen again until the same number of years has passed. For the people who live there, the arrival of the cicadas is noisy but harmless: the insects do not bite, and they do not eat garden plants the way locusts do. For scientists, these insects are a reminder that numbers are not only something we write on paper. They are part of the plan of the natural world, written into the lives of living things long before human beings began to count. 66. Where do periodical cicadas spend most of their lives? A. On the leaves of forest trees. B. Underground, drinking juice from tree roots. C. In the water near rivers and lakes. D. Inside the bodies of larger animals. 67. Why may the numbers 13 and 17 be important to the cicadas? A. They are the largest numbers the insects can remember. B. They are the number of eggs each cicada lays. C. They are prime numbers, so the cicadas meet fewer enemies. D. They are easy for young cicadas to learn from their parents. 68. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. Birds are able to plan when the cicadas will appear. B. Cicadas have no natural enemies at all. C. Small animals eat almost every cicada each time. D. Coming out together in huge numbers helps some cicadas survive. 69. In Paragraph 4, the underlined word “harmless” means “______”. A. loud and difficult to live with B. not dangerous or damaging C. easy to catch and keep at home D. hard to see in the garden 70. Which of the following is NOT true about periodical cicadas? A. They bite people and eat garden plants. B. They spend most of their lives underground. C. They appear every thirteen or seventeen years. D. They come out in very large numbers at the same time. 五、六选五（第 71–75 题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读短文，从短文后的 A–F 选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，有一项是多余的。 Making Big Numbers Easy to Understand Big numbers are hard to picture. When a report says that a city has ten million people, or that a shop sold a million bottles of water in a month, most of us cannot really imagine what that means. 　71　 One useful way is to compare the number with something we already know. If a stadium holds 50,000 people, ten million people would fill two hundred such stadiums. 　72　 Another way is to break the number into smaller parts. 　73　 Small units like seconds or days are much easier to feel than millions. 　74　 A simple chart can show a change far more clearly than a long list of numbers, and it takes far less time to read. Finally, always ask where the number comes from. 　75　 A careful reader never believes a surprising number before checking its source. A. Comparisons like this turn a big number into a picture in your head. B. Charts and graphs are useful tools for this. C. That is why it helps to turn big numbers into something we can picture. D. The same number may be counted in different ways by different groups. E. A million seconds is about eleven days, which is far easier to imagine. F. Numbers appear in every school subject, from maths to history. 六、语法填空（第 76–85 空，每空 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。其中第 77、82、85 空为纯空格（不给词，填虚词：介词 / 连词 / 冠词）。 Counting the Books in Our Reading Corner Last Monday our maths teacher gave us a small project: count the books in the classroom reading corner. At first we thought it would be easy, but there were far more books than we expected. We put them into three 　76　 (box) and counted them one by one. 　77　 total, we counted 218 books. Our teacher was 　78　 (amaze) by the number. “Two hundred and eighteen!” she said. “That is almost ten books for every student.” Then she asked us 　79　 (compare) this year's number with last year's. Last year there were only 150 books, so the number 　80　 (grow) by 68 in twelve months. Most of the new books 　81　 (give) by students' parents. After that she drew a chart on the blackboard. A good chart is not just a list of numbers 　82　 a picture of a change. It makes the 　83　 (different) between two years much easier to see. Our teacher often 　84　 (tell) us that numbers are not boring at all. When I checked our list again yesterday, I found 　85　 mistake in it — and that felt just like being a real mathematician. 七、书面表达（第 86 题，共 15 分） 数字就在我们身边。请以 Numbers in My Life 为题，用英语写一篇 70–90 词的短文，介绍数字在你生活中的作用： ① 你在日常生活中会用到哪些数字？（举 1–2 个例子） ② 举一次你用数字解决问题或发现问题的经历； ③ 你认为学会读懂数字有什么好处？ 提示词（可使用，也可以不用）：time, bus, money, pocket money, count, add up, price, change, plan, useful, find, problem 请在下面的横线上作答（70–90 词）： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ —— 试卷结束 · 满分 125 分 · 建议用时 90 分钟 —— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $