Unit 4 Breaking boundaries(突破疑难)（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

Unit 4　Breaking boundaries 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals. 饭后我总是帮助我的父母洗碗。  [2021全国乙] 　　In response to your last letter, I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.针对 你上封信,我确定我会在英语口语方面帮助你。    高频词汇精讲 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①assist (sb.)　　　    sth.就某事给予(某人)帮助/为(某人)提供……方面的协助 ②assist sb. 　　　    doing sth.帮助某人做某事 ③assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事   ①assistance n.帮助;援助 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 come to one's assistance来帮助某人 ②assistant n.助理;助手   ①Ding Talk is an app which can assist teachers　　　    online classes. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②[2026云南民族大学附属中学教育集团联考]AI is going to be a vital part of assisting radiologists(放射 科医生) 　　    reading studies for a long time. ③In desperation, Dale knocked on several other houses, pleading for 　　    (assist), but everyone turned him away, thinking he might be involved in some tricks. ④尽管他喊叫,却没有人来帮助他。 Despite his cries, no one 　　　　　　　　　　　　    . 答案 用法归纳:①with/in　②in 即时巩固:①with/in　②in　③assistance　④came to his assistance 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to our ability to thrive.我们所做的社会比较——那些让我们对自己感觉良好或糟糕的比较——对我们 茁壮成长的能力至关重要。 [2025北京] 　　It is vital that you (should) group students based on their language abilities as well as person- alities.您应该根据学生的语言能力和个性将他们分组,这一点至关重要。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①be vital 　　    /for... 对……至关重要 ②be of vital importance 至关重要 ③play a vital role/part in...在……中起着极其重要的作用 ④It is vital to do sth.做某事是极其重要的。 ⑤It is vital that... ……是极其重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”, should 可以省略)   ①[2024新课标Ⅰ]If you want to be published, it's vital 　　    (submit) a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). ②It's vital that every piece of equipment 　　    (check) before the experiment. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③我的英语老师经常提醒我们这样一个事实:虽然我们很少重视书写,但书写在考试中却起着至关重要 的作用。 My English teacher often reminds us of the fact that handwriting, to which little significance is attached,      　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    the exams. 答案 用法归纳:①to 即时巩固:①to submit　②be checked ③plays a vital role/part in 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Many interesting activities were held in our school in order to relieve the students of their pressure.为了减轻学生的压力,我们学校举办了许多有趣的活动。     ①relieve sb.　　　    ...减轻某人的……;解除某人的……职务 ②relieve tension/stress/pressure 缓解紧张/缓解压力 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③relieve poverty/traffic congestion 缓解贫困/缓解交通拥堵   ①relief n.换班者;(忧虑或痛苦消除后感到的)放心/宽慰/解脱;减轻,缓和,消除;救济,救援物品 to one's great relief/much to one's relief令某人感到非常宽慰的是 breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了口气 with/in relief宽慰地;放心地 It is a relief to do sth.做某事很舒心/轻松。 ②relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的 be relieved to do sth.做某事很放心   ①　　     our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②旅行不仅可以帮助我们缓解压力,还能给我们机会开阔眼界,找到真正的自己。 Not only can travel help us 　　　　　    , but it can also give us the chance to broaden our horizons and find out who we really are. ③[2025北京]校长请父亲来学校一趟,父亲对我不太坚定的信任让我既感到宽慰,又觉得羞愧。(a mix of) The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me 　　     　　     　　     　　     　　    and shame. 答案 用法归纳:①of 即时巩固:①To　②relieve stress/pressure　③brought a mix of relief 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     reward vt.奖励,奖赏;给予报酬,回报 n.奖励;回报;报酬  be rewarded with...得到……的奖赏/回报 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 •As far as I'm concerned, students who make a lot of progress should also be rewarded with prizes.在 我看来,取得很大进步的学生也应该得到奖品作为奖励。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  in reward for 作为对……的奖赏/报答 as a reward for... 作为对……的奖赏/报酬 •I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for/as a reward for your generous help. 我很乐意带你游览北京,以报答你的慷慨帮助。   　　注意区分reward和award的词义:award n.奖;奖品;奖金;奖状 v.授予;给予(报酬、奖励、合约等)   ①[2023全国甲]A day's work was rewarded 　　    ￡5 in pocket money. ②[2024新课标Ⅰ]A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a 　　    (reward) expe- rience. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③成人礼过后,我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习,以回报老师和父母的耐心指导。 After the coming-of-age ceremony, we students realized that we must study harder 　　　　　　　　    /     　     　　　　　　　　    our teachers' and parents' patient guidance.   答案 即时巩固:①with　②rewarding　③in reward for; as a reward for 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　They are going to have a meeting to settle the divisions in/within society.他们将开会解决社会内 部的分歧。 　　The division of students into different classes according to their grades might cause some problems.根据成绩将学生分成不同的班可能会导致一些问题。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①the division between A and B A与B之间的分歧/不和/差异 ②the division 　　    ...在……中的分歧/不和/差异 ③the division of...between A and B将……分成A和B ④the division of...　　    ...将……分成……   divide v.(使)分开,分成;使分离;分隔;分配;分享 divide...into...把……分成…… divide A from B 把A和B隔开 divide sth. between/among...把某物分配/分享给……   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was the 　　    (di- vide) between night and day. ②Chinese history can be divided 　　    two periods: the Ancient Period (ancient times-1840) and the Mod- ern and Contemporary Period (1840-present). ③As the work can be divided 　　    several people, it can be done efficiently. ④[2026河北秦皇岛月考]　　    (divide) by the river that shares its name, this vast and extraordinarily bio- diverse rainforest covers nine South American countries. ⑤Recently, there have been heated discussions about whether to cancel the division of students 　　    lib- eral arts students and science students. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:②in/within　④into 即时巩固:①division　②into ③among　④Divided　⑤between 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Different students have different learning habits, which I think are influential in their learning effi- ciency.不同的学生有不同的学习习惯,我认为这些习惯对他们的学习效率有影响。     ①be influential 　　    (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面有影响力 ②influential factors影响因素 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   influence vt.影响;对……起作用;支配 n.[U,C]影响,作用;[U]影响力,支配力; [C]有影响的人(或事物)  influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事  have an influence on...对……有影响 under the influence of...在……的影响下   ①The Weifang International Kite Festival is the one of the most 　　    (influence) kite-related events, which is held every year from April 20 to 25. ②The study reveals optimism has a positive influence 　　    people's physical and mental health. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③他受到一位高中生物老师的影响,开始学医。(一句多译) →　　     　　　　　　　　    a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.(influence n.) →　　     　　    a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.(influence v.) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①in 即时巩固:①influential　②on ③Under the influence of;Influenced by 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 tackle v.处理,对付(难题);与某人交涉 tackle problems处理问题  deal with/cope with对付,处理 tragic adj.悲惨的,不幸的;悲痛的;悲剧 的 tragically adv.悲剧地,不幸地 tragedy n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;惨案;悲剧;悲剧作品 specialist n.专家 special adj.特殊的,特别的;专用的　specialty n.专业,专长　specialize v.专门研究　specialized adj.专业的,专门的 高频词汇积累 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的 an infectious disease传染病 highly infectious传染性强的 infect v.传染;影响　be infected with...感染了…… infection n.传染病;感染 infected adj.感染的　get infected 被感染 disinfect v.给……消毒,给……杀菌 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;专心;关爱 devotion to...对……的奉献/忠诚/专心 　devotion to your family/duty对家人的关爱/忠于职守  commitment n.投入,奉献 dedication n.献身,奉献 devote vt.把……奉献给 devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的 compensate vi.弥补;补偿 vt.给(某人)赔偿 compensate for=make up for 弥补;补偿 compensate sb. for sth.因为某事给某人补偿 compensation n.赔偿金;补偿 compensatory adj.补偿的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 collaborate v.合作;协作 collaborate with sb.与某人合作 collaboration n.合作;协作　in collaboration with sb.与某人合作 realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的;现实的,实际的,实事求是的;栩栩如 生的 be realistic about...对……实事求是  unrealistic adj.不切实际的 realise/realize v.实现;意识到 reality n.现实;事实 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 minority n.少数派;少数;少数民族;少数群 体 a minority of少数的,占少部分的 the minority of...……中的少数 be in the/a minority占少数;成为少数派 ethnic minority groups=ethnic minorities少数民族  majority n.大部分,大多数(与minority用法基本相同) minor adj.较小的;次要的 major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 v.主修 cast v.选派(角色);看一眼;投射(光、影);扔,掷,抛 n.(电影等的)全体演员;投,掷,抛 cast sb. as...选派某人扮演……角色 cast a shadow over...给……蒙上阴影 cast one's eye over浏览,扫视[2024新课标Ⅰ] the cast list演员表[2024北京] 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 joint adj.联合的,共同的 n.关节;接头, 接合处 joint efforts共同努力[2024新课标Ⅱ] jointly adv.共同地,联合地 harmonious adj.和睦的,融洽的;和谐的,协调 的 harmonious society和谐社会 harmoniously adv.和谐地,融洽地 harmony n.和睦,融洽;和谐,协调;和声 　in harmony with与……和睦;与……协调 -ous是形容词后缀。由后缀-ous构成的词有:anxious焦虑的,cautious谨慎的,advantageous有利的,ambiguous不明确的。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 mount v.走上,登上;爬上; 逐步增加; 组 织开展 n.山,山峰;  坐骑 mount up (尺寸和数量)增加;上升 Mount Huangshan黄山[2021新高考Ⅰ] bring forth 使产生,使出现 I believe these efforts will surely bring forth good fruits. 我相信这些努力必将产生良好的结果。 endure vi.持续存在 vt.忍受;忍耐  last v.继续存在,持续起作用;持续　bear vt.忍受 endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力 endurable adj.可忍受的;能忍受的 enduring adj.持久的;耐久的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 in vain 白白地,徒劳无益 His efforts were in vain.他的 努力白费了。 vain adj.徒劳的,无结果的;自负的 vainly adv.徒劳地;不成功地;白 费力地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　Though it is/has been ten years since we last met, I still remember the scene where we got separated.虽然距离我们上次见面已经十年了,但我仍然记得我们分开的情景。     　　①It is/has been+一段时间+since从句/“since+过去的时间点”自从……以来已经多久了(since从 句常用一般过去时) 　　②It was/had been+一段时间+since从句/“since+过去的时间点”自从……以来已经多久了(since 从句常用过去完成时) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　在“It+be+一段时间+since...”句型中,若since从句中的动词为非延续性动词,则表示“动作从发生 至今已有多久”;若since从句中的动词为延续性动词或表示状态的动词,则表示“动作从停止至今已有 多久”。 　    •It is/has been two months since you left China, and we all miss you very much.你离开中 国已经两个月了,我们都非常想念你。   　    •It is/has been two years since I was last in London. How are you doing these days?我离开 伦敦已经两年了。如今你过得还好吗?   　　①It was/wasn't+一段时间+before...过了多长时间之后才……/没过多长时间就……(从句用一般过 去时) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　    • It was two hours before he realized that he lost his way.过了两个小时,他才意识到他迷路了。 　　②It will/would/won't/wouldn't be+一段时间+before...要过多长时间之后才……/用不了多长时间 就……(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时) 　　 • It won’t be long before we meet again.我们不久就会再次见面。   ①It 　　    (be) five or six hours since we had left the fountain. ②He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes 　　    it arrived. ③—It's a long time 　　    I saw you last time. —Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time 　　    we see each other again. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ④Nevertheless, it will be some years 　　    most homes begin to use this new technology. ⑤It's been a month 　　    I came to this new school and I really want to share some of my interesting ex- periences with you. ⑥It was nearly a day 　　    he realized his mistakes.   答案 即时巩固:①was/had been　②before ③since;before　④before　⑤since ⑥before 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　It is not the first time that I have delivered a speech, but I am still rather nervous.这已经不是 我第一次发表演讲了,但我仍然非常紧张。   　　That was the first time I had missed the life I had back home.那是我第一次怀念回到家乡的 生活。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　 It/This/That is/was (not) the first/second/.../last time (that)...为固定句型,当主句为一般现在时时,从 句用　　　　　　    ;当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用　　　　　    。   　　类似的结构有“It is (about/high) time+that从句”,意为“到该做某事的时候了”。其中, that从句 的谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”的形式(注意should不能省略)。 　    •It is about/high time that we sorted/should sort our garbage to better protect our environ- ment.该是我们将垃圾分类以更好地保护环境的时候了。     ①It is the first time that I 　　    (learn) the basic knowledge about global warming, so I feel worried and anxious. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②[2026湖南长沙月考]It wasn't the first time I 　　    (see) one since giant sycamores(悬铃木) were common in our neighborhood. ③For many of them, it was the first time that behaviors similar to self-medication 　　    (observe). ④[2026江苏苏州月考]It's high time we 　　    (consider) the problem seriously and sought effective solu- tions. 答案 用法归纳:现在完成时;过去完成时 即时巩固:①have learned/learnt ②had seen　③had been observed ④considered 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:这个世界仍然面临着许多问题,我们所有人团结合作,构建和平与繁荣的人类命运共同体是十分 必要的。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景,那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念,美利坚合众国本应成为的 样子。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:八十七年前,我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,致力于人人生而 平等的主张。 答案 ①后置定语　②形式主语　③宾语从句　④状语　⑤后置定语　⑥后置定语　⑦同位语从句 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 it作形式主语 　　当不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为了保持句子结构平衡,常用it作形式 主语,而将真正的主语放在句子后部。     　　 It is clear that computers work for human beings, not replace them.显然,计算机是为人类工作的, 而不是取代人类的。 　　 It is important that students (should) be aware of how the Internet can be used.重要的是 学生懂得如何使用互联网。 　　It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 many AP classes into the schedule. 众所周知,尤其是在我们学校,高中三年级是将许多AP课程挤进课程 表的时候。 [2025北京] 　　It is reported that the documentary is well received outside China.据报道,这部纪录片在国外很受 欢迎。 　　It is required that every student (should) learn a foreign language before going abroad.要求每 个学生在出国前都要学一门外语。 　　It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的 孩子。   　　it代替主语从句作句子主语,主语从句后置,主语从句可以用连接词that或whether引导,也可以用连 接代词或连接副词引导。常见的句型有: 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (1)It+be+形容词+that从句. 　　 适用于此句型的形容词有likely、obvious、true、important、surprising、clear、certain、neces- sary、strange等。需要注意的是,当形容词是important、surprising、necessary等时,从句要用虚拟语气, 即谓语动词用“①　　　　　　    ”形式,should可以省略。 (2)It+be+名词(词组)+that从句. 　　适用于此句型的名词(词组)有a pity、a good thing、a fact、no wonder等。 (3)It+be+过去分词+that从句. 　　 适用于此句型的过去分词有suggested、announced、believed、expected、hoped、decided、re- ported、said、shown、required、ordered、desired、recommended等。需要注意的是,当过去分词是 suggested、required、ordered、desired、recommended等时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“②　     　　　　    ”形式,should可以省略。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (4)It+动词(短语)+that从句. 　　适用于此句型的动词(短语)有seem、appear、happen、turn out、occur to sb.等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    　　It is clever of you to work out the math problem.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。 　　It is important (for you) to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. (对你来说) 重要的是要记住,埃博拉病毒是不分国界的。 　　It is not a good habit to stay up too late.熬夜到太晚不是一个好习惯。 　　It was against my principle to do that.那样做是违反我的原则的。 　　It cost me 100 yuan to buy the shoes.买这双鞋花了我100元。   　　it代替不定式短语作句子主语,不定式短语后置。常见的句型有: 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (1)It+be+kind/brave/clever/...+③　　     sb. to do sth. 　　本句型中不定式的逻辑主语是由介词④　　　    引出的,句中的形容词通常表示人的性格特征或 品质。 (2)It+be+necessary/important/vital/...+(⑤　　　    sb.) to do sth. 　　本句型中不定式的逻辑主语是由⑥　　　    引出的,句中的形容词通常表示重要性、紧迫性、频 繁程度等情况。 (3)It+be+名词(短语)+to do sth. (4)It+be+介词短语+to do sth. (5)It+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+to do sth. 　　常见的使用此结构的句式有It takes sb. some time to do sth.等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　It is no use learning English without speaking it.学英语而不讲英语是没有用的。 　　It’s useless arguing with him about the matter.就那件事同他争论是没有用的。   　　it代替动词的-ing形式作句子主语,动词的-ing形式后置,常用于“It+be+名词(短语)或形容词(短语) +动词的-ing形式”句式中,这类名词(短语)和形容词(短语)常常是no use、a waste of time、no good、 useless等。   ①[2024全国甲]It's important 　　　　    (slow) down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②It was considerate 　　　　    him to send me a birthday gift. ③[2023浙江1月]If it takes the train 53 seconds 　　　　    (travel) one mile, you're going 67.92 mph. ④[2026陕西西安月考]It is desired that accurate and timely weather warnings　　　　    (transmit) to all coastal communities before the storm arrives. ⑤[2026江苏苏州吴江中学月考]It is no use 　　　　    (panic) when you can't find your way back; in- stead, stay calm and seek help. ⑥[2022浙江1月]　　　　     turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year be- fore tax. ⑦[2025浙江1月]The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange 　　　　    someone was over there. ⑧So it was a great honour 　　　　    (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑨有人建议我们定期进行体检。(conduct) It is recommended that we 　　　　　　　　　　　     　　　    on a regular basis. ⑩我锁上门的那一刻,突然想到我的手机忘在桌子上了。 The moment I locked the door,　　　     　　　     　　　     　　　     　　　     my phone was left on the table. 答案 用法归纳:①should+动词原形 ②should+动词原形　③of　④of ⑤for　⑥for 即时巩固:①to slow　②of　③to travel ④be transmitted　⑤panicking　⑥It ⑦that　⑧to be invited　⑨conduct a physical examination/should conduct physical examinations　⑩it occurred to me that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $