Unit 1 A new start(突破疑难)（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（外研版）

Unit 1　A new start 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇精讲     　　Knowing that you are curious about traditional Chinese art, we sincerely invite you to the paper- cutting exhibition held in the school hall this Friday.知道你对中国传统艺术充满好奇,我们诚挚邀请你参 加本周五在学校礼堂举办的剪纸展览。   The little boy’s eyes grew wide at the sight of the box and he was curious to know what was inside it. 一看到这个盒子,小男孩就瞪大了眼睛,好奇地想知道盒子里装的是什么。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①be curious__________ sth./sb.对某事/某人感到好奇 ②be curious__________ sth.(因好奇)很想做某事   ①curiosity n.好奇心,求知欲 out of curiosity出于好奇 satisfy/arouse/raise sb.’s curiosity满足/引起某人的好奇心 ②curiously adv.好奇地;奇怪地 　to do     　about     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026江苏扬州期中)For students who are curious __________ technology and engineering, the Robotics Club offers an exciting platform. ②(2026北京市第十四中学期中)My progress in reading raised my ______________ (curious), and I wanted to know everything. ③小男孩好奇地想要打开那个神秘的盒子,小心翼翼地掀起盖子。 The little boy________ ____________ _______ _________ the mysterious box, carefully lifting the lid. 　open     　to     　curious     　was     　curiosity     　about     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     This experience left a deep impression on me, making me truly understand the meaning of love.这 段经历给我留下了深刻的印象,使我真正理解了爱的意义。     ①the/one’s (first) impression of...对……的(第一)印象 ②leave/make a/an...impression _______ sb.给某人留下……的印象   　on     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①impress v.使钦佩;使印象深刻;使明白(重要性或程度) impress sb. with sth.某事给某人留下印象 be impressed with/by... 对……有深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事;使某人意识到某事 •I was deeply impressed with/by the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won first place. 400米接力赛给我留下了深刻的印象,在这场比赛中,四名选手完美配合,赢 得了第一名。  ②impressive adj.令人钦佩的;给人印象深刻的   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①[2026山东德州期中]It might look simple in appearance, but its amazing flavor surely leaves a deep____ ____________(impress) on you. ②[2025全国二]The Hereford Cathedral is the most _______________ (impress) building in town. ③The teacher impressed the students_________ her excellent teaching skills and impressed____________ them the importance of knowledge.   　on/upon     　with     　impressive     pression     　im- 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　She stood straight with her eyes closed, breathed in deeply through her nose, and breathed out slowly through her mouth.她闭着眼睛,站得笔直,用鼻子深深吸气,再用嘴巴缓缓呼气。    The drama club breathed new life into the students’ after-school activities, giving them more opportunities to show their talents.戏剧俱乐部为学生们的课后活动注入了新的活力,给了他们更多展示才华的 机会。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①breathe in/________吸气/呼气 ②breathe (new) life_________sth.给某物带来起色,给某物注入(新的)活力 ③breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了一口气   ①breath n.呼吸 take a deep breath深吸一口气 hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 catch one’s breath歇一口气 be/become out of breath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气 be/become short of breath(因疾病、年迈等)呼吸困难;气短 　into     　out     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 take one’s breath away令人惊叹;让人叹绝 ②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①[2026浙江浙南名校联盟期中]她深吸一口气,伸手抓住那根粗壮的树枝,把自己拉了上去。 She_________ ______ _________ ___________, reached for the thick branch, and pulled herself up. ②[2026四川成都市实验外国语学校期中]当我最终走出树林时,我看到的景象令我惊叹不已。When I finally stepped out of the woods, what I saw _________ _______ ___________ _________. ③[2022全国甲]当我们停下来歇一口气时,史蒂夫单膝跪地。 When we paused to__________ ________ ___________, Steve got down on one knee. ④[2025浙江1月]那个男人愣了一秒钟,但当他看到这个瘦弱的男孩时,他如释重负地松了一口气。 The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he _____________ ______ _________ _______ ___________. 　relief     　of     　sigh     　a     　breathed     　breath     　our     　catch     　away     　breath     　my     　took     　breath     　deep     　a     　took     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Last Friday, our class had a heated debate, in which about 60 per cent of students argued for the use of mobile phones in school while about 40 per cent of students argued against it.上周五,我们班进 行了一场激烈的辩论,约60%的学生据理赞成在学校使用手机,约40%的学生提出理由反对。  It’s unwise to argue with your parents about/over your career choice—listen to their advice patiently before explaining your plans.就职业选择与父母争吵是不明智的——先耐心倾听他们的建议再解释自 己的规划。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 I’m struggling to argue my parents into supporting my plan to study abroad—please share effective communication strategies with me.我难以说服父母支持我的留学计划,恳请您给我分享一些有效的沟通 策略。     ①argue ________(doing) sth.据理赞成(做)某事 argue____________(doing) sth.据理反对(做)某事 ②argue_________ sb. (about/over sth.)(就某事)与某人争论/争吵 ③argue sb._________/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 ④argue that...提出理由(或证据)说明……;认为…… 　into     　with     　against     　for     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   argument n.争论,争辩;论点 an argument about/over...关于……的争论/辩论 have an argument with sb. (about/over sth.)与某人争论(某事) It is beyond argument that...无可争辩……,毋庸置疑……   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026四川成都蓉城名校联盟期中)Try to avoid arguing _________ your roommates over small matters. ②(2026南京大学附属中学月考)You might have an _____________ (argue) with your parents about how long you spend online. ③超过60%的学生赞同严格的校服制度,而不到40%的学生反对它。 More than 60% students___________ ________ a strict uniform system, while less than 40% students ___________ ____________ it. ④毋庸置疑,学校的英语戏剧节极大提升了学生的口语表达能力与团队协作能力。 _______ _______ ___________ _____________ _________ the school’s English drama festival has greatly enhanced students’ oral expression and teamwork skills. 　that     　argument     　beyond     　is     　It     　against     　argued     　for     　argued     　argument     　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I’m writing to apply (to you) for the job advertised in the newspaper.我写信是想(向您)申请在报 纸上登广告的那份工作。   All students who are willing to offer a helping hand to others can apply to join the club.所有愿意向他 人伸出援手的学生都可以申请加入这个俱乐部。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 I’m writing to recommend this simple communication skill to you as it applies to anyone looking to improve their interpersonal relationships.我写信向您推荐这个简单的沟通技巧,因为它适用于任何试图 改善人际关系的人。   Only when you apply yourself to your study can you make great progress in a short time.只有当你 全身心投入到学习中,你才能在短时间内取得很大的进步。     ①apply (to sb.) ________ sth.(向某人)申请某物 ②apply__________ sth.申请做某事 ③apply_______适用于 ④apply oneself to (doing) sth.____________________(to为介词) ⑤apply A to B 把A应用于B;把A涂抹到B上   　专心致志于(做)某事     　to     　to do     　for     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①applicant n.申请人 ②application n.申请;申请书;应用 an application form申请表   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026福建南平期中]All along the way, Charlie has continuously applied himself _______ helping others. ②[2023全国乙]There has been a rise in the number of students applying ________ food courses at UK uni- versities and colleges. ③[2026河南省实验中学月考]If you’re interested, please fill out an ________________(apply) form at the library’s front desk or send an email to volunteer@citylibrary.com by June 15th. ④我写信申请成为文学社团的一员,因为我对经典文学和写作有着浓厚 的兴趣。 I’m writing to __________ _______ ___________ a member of the literary club, as I have a deep passion for classic literature and writing. 　become     　to     　apply     　application     　for     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     Despite slight rain in the morning, the campus culture festival kicked off on schedule at 9 a.m. yesterday. 尽管早晨下了点小雨,但校园文化节仍于昨天上午9点如期启动。  The team completed the event preparation ahead of schedule, every member beaming with joy and sat- isfaction.团队提前完成了活动筹备,每个成员的脸上都洋溢着开心与满足的笑容。    第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 The course is scheduled to be held in the school lecture hall from 4:00 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. every Wednesday. 该讲座定于每周三下午4:00至4:45在学校演讲厅进行。      ①_______schedule(=on time)按预定时间,如期 ②_____________ /behind schedule先于/落后于预定时间  ③be scheduled__________sth.预计/安排做某事 ④be scheduled for+时间 预定/安排在……(时间) ⑤as scheduled按照预定时间   　to do     　ahead of     　on     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026安徽合肥六中调研考试)The sports meeting which is scheduled ____________ (take) place on April 15 may be put off due to the bad weather. ②(2026广东深圳期中)The football match went on as ______________(schedule) despite the heavy rain. ③(2026山东部分学校期中联考)These lessons can be changed to suit the learners’ needs and can ____ _____________(schedule) according to space and time. scheduled     　be 　scheduled     　to take     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　He was so frightened of the dog that he froze, legs trembling uncontrollably.他被那条狗吓得 呆住了,双腿不由自主地颤抖起来。   He was frightened to answer the teacher’s question, his head lowering and cheeks flushing red.他害怕 回答老师的问题,低下头,脸颊涨得通红。     ①be frightened_______(doing) sth.害怕(做)某事 　of     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②be frightened __________ sth.害怕做某事 ③be frightened to death吓得要死 ④be frightened that...害怕……   ①frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐 frighten away/off把……吓跑;把……吓得不敢(做某事) frighten sb. into doing sth.把某人吓得做某事 ②fright n.惊吓,恐怖;使人惊吓的经历 ③frightening adj.使惊恐的;令人害怕的(常修饰物) •The frightening scene in the film frightened her into crying.电影中那可怕的场景把她吓哭了。 　to do     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026湖北武汉期中]He doesn’t like to try new things, especially if they seem _________ (frighten). ②[2026重庆名校期中联考]Surveys show that 80% to 90% of students experience stage ________ (frighten) when they first give a speech. ③Depression consumed me and I was frightened___________(try) anything challenging. ④当他在森林里看到那只熊时,他吓得要死。 When he saw the bear in the forest, he________ ____________ _______ __________. 　death     　to     　frightened     　was     　to try     　fright     　frightening     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过不再提这件事了。 Can you refer me to someone who can provide more information about the program?你能把我介 绍给能提供更多有关该项目信息的人吗? His teachers referred to him as a handful because he always caused trouble.他的老师把他称为 “难搞的家伙”,因为他总是惹麻烦。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①refer to..._______... 称……为…… ②refer..._______... 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)   　　refer to作“查阅”讲时,后接词典、参考书等;而look up 表示“查阅”时,后接要查阅的内容。 refer to a dictionary/book=look up sth. in a dictionary/book。   reference n.参考,查阅;提及,谈到 for reference以备参考,供查阅 in/with reference to(所述内容)关于   　to     　as     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①[2024新课标Ⅰ]First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super,” referring______ a 52.4-mile double marathon. ②[2026北京十一学校期中]The Oxford Dictionary of English app is a wide-ranging and reliable resource for English language ____________ (refer). ③[2026湖南长沙期中]鼓浪屿被称为“音乐之岛”,西方音乐与东方文化在此处和谐交融。 Gulangyu_______ ________ ______ ______ the “island of music”, with a harmonious mixture of West- ern music and Eastern culture.   　as     　to     　referred     　is     　reference     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Instead of correcting others when they were struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly.当别人努力念出我的名字时,我没有去纠正他们,只是微笑并赞许地点头。 [ 2025 全国二] In the film, the heroine’s story of struggling for equal opportunity inspires countless women to believe in their potential and pursue their dreams.在这部电影中,女主角为争取平等机会而奋斗的故事激励了无 数女性相信自己的潜力并追寻梦想。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    They struggled against/with the strong wind and finally reached the village.他们与狂风作斗争,最终到 达了村庄。   ①struggle__________ sth.努力做某事 ②struggle________... 为……而斗争/奋斗/努力 ③struggle_________________ sb./sth.与某人/某物作斗争 ④struggle with sb.与某人搏斗 ⑤struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 　against/with     　for     　to do     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2024新课标Ⅱ]During my first visit to Italy, I struggled_________(ask) for directions or order in a restaurant. ②[2025全国二]She’d been struggling _____________ eating disorders and health issues, which ultimately led her to getting surgery. ③The little boy jumped up and down in the crowd, waving a colorful balloon to struggle ______ his mother􀆳s attention. ④尽管膝盖疼痛,他还是挣扎着站起来,继续跑步。 Despite the pain in his knee, he __________ ________ _______ _______ and continued his run. 　feet     　his     　to     　struggled     　for     　against/with     　to ask     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　It is a good idea to exchange your ideas with your parents because they have a wealth of life experience.与父母交流你的想法是个好主意,因为他们有丰富的生活经验。   How the old man wished he could exchange his wealth for his lost youth and health! 这位老人多 么希望自己能用财富换回逝去的青春与健康啊!   Last weekend, the students held a bake sale in exchange for funding to support the school’s music program. 上周末学生们举办了一场烤饼义卖,以换取资金来支持学校的音乐项目。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ①exchange sth. _________ sb.和某人交换某物;和某人交流某事 ②exchange A ________ B 用A换取B  ③_______ exchange for sth.作为某物的交换 ④exchange students交换生   exchange的不同词义 　in     　for     　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026四川师范大学附属中学月考] Something important will be lost in exchange________ that conve- nience. ②I always exchange ideas_________ my classmates and gain more confidence from each experience. ③She decided to exchange her old car________ a new model. ④[2026江苏省苏州第十中学校月考]得知你下学期将作为一名交换生来中国,我十分高兴。 I’m delighted that you will come to China _______ ______ ______________________ next term. 　exchange      　an     　as     　for     　with     　for     　　　student     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇积累 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 tradition n.传统 by tradition 按照传统风俗 traditional adj.传统的;习俗的 traditionally adv.传统上 facility n.设施(常用复数形式) sports/leisure facilities体育/休闲设施 Moment n.某一时刻 at the moment此刻,现在,目前 in a moment一会儿;立刻;马上 for the moment暂时;目前 at the last moment在(重大事情前的)最后一刻 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 eagerness n.热切,渴望 in one’s eagerness to do sth.急切地想做某事 eager adj.渴望的;热切的 　be eager for sth.渴望得到某物 　be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 -ness表示“……的状态、性质或特点”。如calmness冷静, coldness冷,冷淡;carelessness粗心;carefulness仔细;helplessness无助。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 explore v.考察,探险 exploration n.探索;勘探;探究 explorer n.考察者;探险者;勘探者 organise v.组织;安排;管理 organised adj.有组织的;有条理的 organisation n.组织;机构 panic n.惊恐,惊慌 v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措 in panic惊慌地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓皇行事 注意:panic的过去式和过去分词均为panicked,现在分词为panicking 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 challenge n.挑战;质疑 vt.向(某人)挑战;对……怀疑 face/meet/accept/take up/take on a challenge 面对/迎接/接受挑战 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事 challenge sb. to do sth.向某人挑战做某事 challenging adj.挑战性的 challenger n.挑战者 pressure n.压力 under pressure处于压力之下 blood pressure血压 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 calm adj.镇静的,沉着的 v.(使)平静, (使)镇静 keep/stay/remain calm保持冷静 calm (sb.)down(使某人)平静/冷静下来 calmness n.冷静,镇定 calmly adv.镇定自若地;镇静地 description n.描述,描写,叙述,形容,说明 beyond description 难以描述,难以形容 describe v.描述,形容 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 confident adj.有信心的,自信的;确信的,有把握的 be confident about sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心 be confident of (doing)...确信……;对(做)……有把握 be confident that...肯定…… confidence n.信心;信任 　have/lose confidence in...对……抱有/失去 信心 　with confidence怀有信心地 confidently adv.确信地;肯定地;自信地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Sharp adj.敏锐的,聪明的;锋利的,锐利的;突 然的;急剧的; 鲜明的 have a sharp mind 有着敏锐的头脑 a sharp knife 一把锋利的刀 a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road道路上汽车数量的急剧减少 a sharp contrast with与……的鲜明对比 sharply adv.尖刻地;严厉地;猛烈地 sharpen v.(使)变得锋利;(使)提高,改善 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 volunteer n.志愿者,义务工作者,自愿参加 者 v.自愿做;义务做 volunteer to do sth.(for/as...)(为/作为……)自愿/义务/无偿做某事 voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的 voluntarily adv.自愿地;自动地;义务地 award n.奖,奖赏 v.授予;奖励 win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项 award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物,奖励某人某物 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 opportunity n.机会,时机 an opportunity to do sth.做某事的 机会  chance n.机会 subscribe v.订阅(报纸或杂志) subscribe to 定期订购 subscriber n.(报刊的)订阅人,订购者,订户 subscription n.订阅,订购;(报刊等的)订阅费,订购款 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 view n.(一次)观看;视野;(个人的)意见, 见解;(从某处看到的)景色,风景 vt.把……视为;看,观看 in view 在视线内 come into view 映入眼帘 in one’s view 在某人看来 in view of... 鉴于……;考虑到…… be viewed as... 被看作…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 graduate v.毕业;逐渐发展 n.毕业生 graduate from从……(学校)毕业 graduate in 毕业于……(专业) graduate from...to...从……过渡到……,由……发展成…… graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼　 after graduation毕业之后 sight n.看到,看见;视力范围,视野;视 力;风景,名胜(常用复数) at the sight of 一看到……就…… lose sight of 看不见 catch sight of看见;发现 in sight看得见;在视野内 out of sight看不见;在视野外 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 figure v.认为,以为;计算 n.数字;人物;体 形,身材 have a good figure 体形好 a leading figure 一位主要人物 figure out 弄清楚,弄明白;计算出 particular n.细节 adj.特定的;挑剔的 in particular尤其,特别 be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔 particularly adv.特别,尤其 performance n.(工作或活动中的)表现;表演,演 出 perform v.演出;运转;做;执行 performer n.表演者,演员 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.亨利正在修理他的汽车,这时他听见了 尖叫声。 [2022新高考Ⅱ]   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　“sb. was/were doing sth. when...”句型常翻译为“某人正在做某事,这时……”,when引导时间状 语从句;主句常用___________,从句常用__________。   ①sb. be about to do sth. when...=sb. be on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事,这时…… ②sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚做完某事,这时……   　一般过去时     　 过去进行时     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①[2026辽宁葫芦岛月考]一个阳光明媚的午后,我正从学校走回家,这时忽然注意到一位老妇人坐在长 椅上。 One sunny afternoon, I ________ _________ ________ _________ ___________ _______ I noticed an old lady sitting on a bench. ②他正要启动引擎,这时发现车轮下有一只流浪猫,于是他立刻猛踩刹车。(一句多译) →He ________ __________ _______ __________ the engine when he noticed a stray cat under the wheel so he quickly slammed on the brakes. →He _______ ______ _______ ________ ______ __________ the engine when he noticed a stray cat under the wheel so he quickly slammed on the brakes. 　starting     　of     　point     　the     　on     　was     　start     　to     　about     　was     　when     　school     　from     　home     　walking     　was     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　His hands were too shaky from nervousness to hold the pen steadily.他的双手因紧张而颤抖 得太厉害,无法稳稳握住笔。   The deadline is too tight for us to finish the project properly, so I’m writing to ask for your help.截止 日期太紧了,我们无法很好地完成这个项目,所以我写信寻求你的帮助。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　①“too...to...”结构意为“太……而不能……”。too是_______,后面接形容词或副词;to是动词 不定式符号,后面接_________。 　　②如果表达“对某人来说太……而不能……,太……以至于某人不能……”,则要在不定式之前加 上“for sb.”,这时变成“too+adj./adv.+for sb. to do sth.”结构。   (1)“too...to...”结构还可以与“...enough to...”结构和“so...that...”结构互相转换。 •The problem is too hard to work out.=The problem isn’t easy enough to work out.这个问题太 难解决了。(注意:not后面的形容词是too后面的形容词的反义词) •Tom is too young to go to school.=Tom is so young that he can’t go to school.汤姆太小了不能 去上学。(注意:that后面的从句要用否定形式) 　动词原形     　副词     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (2)“too...to...”结构在下列情况中表示肯定意义: ①当too后面接kind、anxious、glad、pleased、delighted、willing、eager等形容词时,往往不表示否定 意义,此时too前通常有only、simply、just等词修饰,这些词加上too后相当于very,表示肯定意义。 •I am only too delighted to meet you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 ②“cannot/can never+动词+too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”意为“再……做某事也不过分,越……做某事越 好”。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2025全国二]People often feel they are too busy _______________ (volunteer). ②[2026广东广州期中]Anything more than 50 minutes is too much information _______ your brain to take in at a time. ③After playing football for an hour, he was too tired to do anything.(句型转换) →After playing football for an hour, he was_____ _________ _______ he couldn􀆳t do anything. ④为了开阔眼界,一个人读再多书也不为过。 One_______ _________ _______ _______ ________ to broaden his horizons. 　much     　too     　read     　never     　can     　that     　tired     　so     　for     　to volunteer     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:当我的英语老师走进教室时,我惊讶地发现,他就是我之前遇见的那个人。 　man     　原因状语     　时间状语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:尽管我很尴尬,但他的话还是让我放松了很多! 　让步状语     　宾补     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:回顾我的高中生活,我能给大家的最重要的建议就是作家玛雅·安吉罗的精彩名言。 　定语     　现在分词     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 基本句子结构   　　构成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。句子成分有主要成分与次要成分之分。主要成分是主语 (Subject)和谓语(Verb),次要成分是表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adver- bial)、补足语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。 1.主语   The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.这家咖啡馆每天晚上九点关门。 [2025全国一] 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 It was an awkward moment.那是一个尴尬的时刻。 [2025全国一] Getting up early is good for your health.早起对你的健康有好处。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助贫穷的人。 What I need is time.我需要的是时间。   主语是句子陈述说明的主体对象(人或事物),属于句子必不可少的标志性成分。主语可以由名词、 ①______词、the+②________ (名词化的形容词)、③________动词(doing/to do)、④______句、 数词等来充当。 　从     　非谓语     　形容词     　代     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.谓语   We love China.我们爱中国。 He can speak English.他会说英语。 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth.微塑料已成为地球范围内 一种普遍的污染源。 [2025全国一]   　　谓语说明主语做什么或怎么样。谓语通常由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。实义动词可以 单独作谓语;⑤________动词和⑥______动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。 　助     　情态　     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.表语   His words sounded reasonable.他的话听起来是合理的。 She is in good health.她很健康。 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 [2025全国一]   　　表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态。表语一般位于系动词之后,由⑦_______词、代词、名 词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、⑧______词短语、副词及表语从句充当。 　介     　形容     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.宾语   After a long walk, the tired girl desired rest.走了很长一段路之后,这个疲惫的女孩渴望休息一下。 Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.然后我意识到,问题本身才是症结所在。  [2025全国一]  , please.请借给我你的词典。 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语常由⑨______词、代词、动名 词、动词不定式或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当。   　名     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,通常指 ______。 (2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向,通常指 ______,它位于直接宾语之前;位于直接宾语之后时,其 前面常加介词to或for。 5.宾语补足语   His father named him Dongming.他的父亲给他取名叫东明。 They painted their boat white.他们把船漆成了白色。   补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。宾语补足语一般由 ______词、 _______词、动词不定式(短 语)、副词、分词或介词短语等充当。 　形容     　名     　人     　物     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.定语   China is a developing country while America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家,而 美国是一个发达国家。 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.我们的班长总是第一个进入教室。   修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、   ________________、动名词、 ______词、介词短语或从句等充当。单个词作定语时通常放在它 所修饰的词之前;短语或从句作定语时常放在其所修饰的词之后。 　分        动词不定式(短语)     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   I am very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。 I’ll be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。   　　修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。状语一般由  ______词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等充当。 8.同位语   We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。 The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.他通过考试的消息使他母亲很高兴。   7.状语 　副     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　同位语通常位于名词或代词之后,对该词作进一步解释说明。可以作同位语的有名词短语、代 词、数词、 _______等。 　从句     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   1.主谓(SV)   S V(不及物动词] Time flies.   　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作 _________ 动词。 　不及物     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.主谓状(SVA)   S V(不及物动词) A She sings beautifully.   　　不及物动词后面可以跟 ______词、介词短语等。 　副     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.主谓宾(SVO)   S V(及物动词) O Who knows the answer?   　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词都是 _______动词,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达 完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。   　及物     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.主谓宾状(SVOA)   S V(及物动词) O A I wrote a letter yesterday.   　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词是及物动词,其后接宾语,副词、介词短语等作 ______ 语。 　状     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 S V(及物动词) IO(间接宾语,多指人) DO(直接宾语,多指物] I told him how to run the machine. 5.主谓双宾语(SVIODO)   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。 _______宾 语指的是动作的对象、承受者或后果; _______宾语表示动作是向某人或为某人做的,两个宾语之间 的位置一般可通过增加介词而互换。 　　注意:双宾语易位时需借助to的常用动词:give、lend、hand、offer、pass、promise、send、show、 teach、tell等;双宾语易位时需借助for的常用动词:buy、cook、find、get、make、order、spare等。 She passed him the salt.=She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。 Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.=Her uncle bought an English-Chi- nese dictionary for her yesterday.昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。 　间接     　直接     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 S V(及物动词) O OC We keep the table clean. 6.主谓宾宾补(SVOOC)     　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足 ______语,才能使意思完整,且宾语和补充成分的位置不能互换。 　宾     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.主系表(SVP)   S V(系动词) P Everything looks different.   　　此句型的句子有一个共同特点:句子的系动词不能单独表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主 语身份或状态的 ______语,才能表达完整的意思。   　表     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   写出下列句子的句型结构 S:主语　V:谓语　O:宾语　P:表语 A:状语　IO:间接宾语　DO:直接宾语 OC:宾语补足语 ①[2025全国二]But the opposite happened. _______ ②[2025浙江1月]Kevin was pretty bored. ________ ③[2025全国一]Still waters run deep. _________ ④[2025全国一]Life on city streets started to change decades ago. _________ ⑤[2025全国一]Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. __________ 　SVOOC     　SVOA     　SVA     　SVP     　SV     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑥[2025全国二]I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. ___________ ⑦[2024浙江1月]Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online._________ ⑧[2023新课标Ⅰ]On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. ________ ⑨[2021新高考Ⅰ]Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.__________ ⑩The company will offer the local people sports facilities.___________ 　SVIODO     　SVOOC     　SVA     　SVOA     SVO          第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $