Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language（Word教参）-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步教参（人教版）

Period 3　Using Language What do the passages mainly talk about? A．The life experiences of Qian Xuesen and Hawking. B．The achievements of Qian Xuesen and Hawking. C．The difficulties Qian Xuesen and Hawking faced. D．The contributions Qian Xuesen and Hawking made.　 答案：A 1．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding? A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B．His research in the United States. C．His friends' encouragement. D．His habit of reading a lot. 2．Which method does the author use to introduce Qian? A．Offering analysis. B．Providing details. C.Listing examples. D．Making comparisons. 3．What does the word “holds” in the sentence “The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.” mean? A．Gets.　　　　　　　 B．Points. C．Closes. D．Declares. 4．How was Hawking's own theory proven right? A．By his own abstract thought. B．By a professor at Cambridge. C．By astronomers with telescopes. D．By demonstrating his own theory. 5．What kind of person was Stephen Hawking? A．Brave and careful. B．Brave and brilliant. C．Careless and disabled. D．Learned and humorous. 答案：1～5.ABDCB Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．creative thinking　　　　 创造性思维 2．essential proteins and vitamins 必不可少的蛋白质和维生素 3．blood cells 血细胞 4．the flu virus 流感病毒 5．provide a framework for the team 为团队提供框架 6．provide solid evidence 提供可靠的证据 7．cast a glance at 瞥一眼；看一眼 8．a beautiful rainbow 一道美丽的彩虹 9．pour out one's troubles 倾诉某人的烦恼 10．a missile base 一个导弹基地 11．under his leadership 在他的领导下 12．an outstanding spaceman 一位杰出的宇航员 13．find fault with me 挑我的毛病 14．shift one's attention to 把注意力转移到…… Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．finding ['faIndI] n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find vt.发现→finder n．发现者 2．initial [I'nIʃl] adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初；最初→initialize v．初始化 3．mechanical [mə'kænIkl] adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 4．defend [dI'fend] vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence n．防御；保护；辩护→defensive adj.自卫的；防御用的 5．assistant [ə'sIstənt] n．助理；助手adj.助理的；副的→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 6．gifted ['ɡIftId] adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋；天资 7．astronomer [ə'strɒnəmə(r)] n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学 8．vivid ['vIvId] adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 Ⅲ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．Reading English novels every day has a positive impact on/upon (对……产生积极影响) our vocabulary expansion and reading comprehension ability. 2．When we were having the English class, a fire broke out (爆发) in the laboratory nearby, so our teacher quickly led us to the playground. 3．Our monitor will be in charge of (负责) the English evening party that will be held next Friday. 4．Lily, who is usually energetic, came down with (染上) a bad cold last week, so she had to ask for a three-day leave from school. 5．We should respect our teachers, care for our classmates and obey school rules, and above all (最重要的是), we must be honest and kind to everyone around us. Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than(再没有哪一位科学家比……对中国航天科学的影响更大了) Qian Xuesen.(Passage 1 Para.1) 2．过去分词(短语)作状语 Born in Shanghai in 1911(于1911年在上海出生), Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(Passage 1 Para.2) 3．“not only...but also...”意为“不仅……而且……” He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme(不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划).(Passage 1 Para.4) 4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist(使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.(Passage 1 Para.6) 5．状语从句的省略 Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did(虽然有时说话或做事会粗心).(Passage 2 Para.3) 　　　　　　　 cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)； 投掷；选派角色　n．全体演员；投，掷 【经典例句】 At the beginning, the cross-country run cast a cloud over David; however, he made a firm determination to finish the run. 一开始，越野跑给大卫蒙上了一层阴影；然而，他下定决心要完成这次跑步。 cast a shadow/cloud over/on... 给……蒙上一层阴影 cast a look/glance at... 向……看一眼 cast down 使沮丧；使失望 cast light on 阐明；解释；使明白 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1)(2024·浙江卷1月)Instead, she focused on reaching the shadow cast on the track by an oak tree up ahead. (2)The student cast a look/glance at his watch (瞥了一眼他的手表) nervously and then raised his hand to ask a question that might cast light on the confusing experiment result (阐明那个令人困惑的实验结果). (3)当她听说学校春游因为天气不好被取消时，一整天都情绪低落。 When she heard that the school spring outing was cancelled due to the bad weather, she was cast down for the whole day． 　　　　　　　 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 【经典例句】 The little girl broke out crying when she realized that she had got lost in the crowded supermarket and couldn't find her parents. 小女孩意识到自己在拥挤的超市里迷路，找不到父母时，突然大哭起来。 break away from 脱离；摆脱；放弃 break down (机器、车辆等)出故障；失败；(身体等)垮掉；分解 break in 打断；插话；破门而入(常为不及物动词短语) break into 突然……起来；闯入(常为及物动词短语) break up 打碎；(会议等)解散；结束；(关系等)破裂 【补全语段/完成句子】 (1)Tom wanted to break away from his boring routine (摆脱他枯燥的日常生活), so he bought an old car for a road trip. But the car broke down halfway (半路抛锚), leaving him stranded. As he tried to fix it, a thief broke in (一个小偷闯入) and stole his bag! Luckily, a kind truck driver helped him call the police. (2)当同桌给他讲了一个笑话时，这个腼腆的男孩突然笑了起来。 The shy boy broke into laughter/broke out laughing when his deskmate told him a joke. (3)我的朋友很伤心，因为她最喜欢的乐队在下个月举办完最后一场演唱会后就要解散了。 My friend felt sad because her favorite band would break up after holding the final concert next month. 　　　　　　　 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 【经典例句】 He jumped off the bike, seized the bike and threw it to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself. 他跳下自行车，抓住自行车，然后用尽全力将其扔向狼来保护自己。 (1)defend...from/against... 保护……免受……的伤害 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 (2)defence n. 防御；保护；辩护 in defence of 保护；为……辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (3)defensive adj. 自卫的；防御用的 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)(2025·北京卷)In my defence, I did what we've all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. (2)The environmental organization is making every effort to defend the rare animals against/from illegal hunting. (3)看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend vt.) →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence n．)[读后续写之动作描写] 　　　　　　　 in charge of 主管；掌管；负责 【经典例句】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. 本次展览负责人涂宁宁表示，黑白棋子的走法蕴含着东方哲学的基本思想。 (1)in the charge of... 由……负责；由……掌管 take charge of 负责；看管(强调动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge (sb.) for sth. 为某物(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb.with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事 charge at... 向……冲去；冲向…… 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The repairman charged my father for replacing the broken parts of the washing machine, and the price was much lower than we expected. (2)Any student who cheats in the exam will be charged with violating the school discipline, and will face serious punishment. (3)我将负责这次英语演讲比赛，这使我倍感荣幸。 →I will be in charge of/take charge of the English speech competition, which makes me greatly honoured. →The English speech competition will be in the charge of me, which makes me greatly honoured. 　　　　　　　 gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 【经典例句】 (译林选必一U2)As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night. 　作为一个有天赋的孩子，贝多芬在父亲的催促下日夜学习音乐。 (1)be gifted in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面有天赋 (2)gift n. 天赋；天才；礼物；赠品 have a gift for... 有……的天赋 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The gifted (gift) student who won the national physics competition was invited to give a speech to share his learning experience with us. (2)我的姐姐有弹钢琴的天赋，她已经在音乐比赛中斩获了好几个奖项。 →My sister is gifted in playing the piano, and she has won several awards in music competitions. →My sister has a gift for playing the piano, and she has won several awards in music competitions. 　　　　　　　 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 【经典例句】 Whatever happens in our life, above all, we should be optimistic about life. 无论我们的生活中发生什么，最重要的是，我们应该对生活保持乐观。 after all　　　　　　 毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 first of all 第一；首先 at all 根本；究竟 【完成语段】 一开始，我在犹豫要不要参加学校的讲故事比赛，因为我认为自己根本不擅长公开演讲。不过我的老师鼓励我去尝试。毕竟，我热爱写故事，而且已经练习了很多遍。在她的支持下，我获得了二等奖。总而言之，这是一次很有意义的经历，大大增强了我的自信心。 First of all, I hesitated to join the school's story-telling contest because I didn't think I was good at public speaking at all. My teacher encouraged me to try, though. After all, I loved writing stories and had practiced many times. With her support, I won the second prize. All in all, it was a rewarding experience that boosted my confidence. 　　　　　　　 fault n.弱点；过错 【经典例句】 (译林选必四U1)Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. 不要马上责怪别人，分析问题，如果确实是你自己的错，准备承认错误，然后改正错误。 (1)find fault with　　　 挑剔，找茬 at fault 负有责任；有过错 (2)faulty adj. 有错误的；不完美的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)The machine stopped working after a few hours because of a faulty(faul) part that needed replacement. (2)The traffic police judged that the driver who ran the red light was at fault for the car accident that happened at the crossroads yesterday. (3)在公共场合挑剔别人的外貌是很不礼貌的。 It is impolite to find fault with others' appearance in public．[应用文写作之建议信] 　　　　　　　 过去分词(短语)作状语 【经典例句】 (教材P7)Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森于1911年在上海出生，后在北京上学，之后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。 (1)及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示被动和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示主动和完成的动作； (2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致； (3)有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，作状语时不表示动作，而是表示主语的一种状态。 【单句语法填空/句型转换】 (1)(外研必修三U1)Disappointed (disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. (2)(译林选必一U4)Driven (drive) by a burning desire for adventure and travel, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.[应用文写作之人物介绍] (3)If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt. →Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt.[过去分词(短语)作状语] 　　　　　　　 “not only...but also...”意为“不仅…… 而且……” 【经典例句】 (教材P8)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。 (1)“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分，如两个主语、宾语、状语等； (2)“not only...but also...”连接两个分句，且not only置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装； (3)“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，要根据but also后的主语确定谓语动词的单复数形式，即遵循“就近一致”原则。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)Not only I but also my friend has gained(gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far. [应用文写作之文化交流] (2)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)It not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature, but also enhanced (enhance) my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future. (3)通过这次活动，我们不仅获得了园艺知识，而且对大自然有了更好的了解。 →We not only gained knowledge of gardening, but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity. →Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening, but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(部分倒装)[应用文写作之活动的意义] When Qian Xuesen was young, he realised China needed its own powerful air force 1.to defend(defend) the country, so he went to America to study aviation. As 2.a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. 3.Finally(final), he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology. When Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, he 4.was put(put) in charge of not only developing China's rocket science 5.but its space and missile programme. 6.Under his leadership, China made outstanding progress in rockets, missiles and man-made satellites.Because of this, he earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． Stephen Hawking was a 7.gifted(gift) scientist.Since he came down with a disease 8.causing(cause) him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.There was a theory, the big bang theory, on the origin of the universe explaining how the universe began at a single point in time and space.His own work on this theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes. He was brilliant, brave and determined.And he was willing to admit his faults.This odd 9.combination(combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest 10.thinkers(thinker) of modern times. Ⅰ.品句填词 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)They surrounded me, their questions pouring (倒出) out like a stream. 2．(2025·北京卷)The shadow (阴影) of this mysterious institution steals away what success means to us. 3．The brave soldier decided to defend his homeland at all costs, even if it meant sacrificing his own life for the peace of his people. 4．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Though some are initially (最初) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 5．More than forty outstanding young singers from eight countries have been chosen for this year's art festival. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．I have been trying to contact the official in charge of transport (负责运输) in the past three hours, but I don't make it. 2．As she walked past the store window, she cast a look/glance at the new collection (看了一眼新品系列) on display. 3．In defence of his own behavior (为了给他自己的行为辩解), he had no other choice but to act quickly. 4．He is gifted in/has a gift for painting(有绘画天赋) and has already held several exhibitions. 5．I was still sleeping when the fire broke out (火灾爆发), and then it spread quickly. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 1．Never has there been a scientist more determined than Marie Curie (从未有过比玛丽·居里更坚毅的科学家；“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义). 2.Born in Poland in 1867 [1867年生于波兰；过去分词(短语)作状语], she grew up longing for knowledge. She 3.not only overcame countless difficulties to study in Paris but also devoted her whole life to exploring the mysteries of radioactivity (不仅克服重重困难远赴巴黎求学，还毕生致力于探索放射性的奥秘；not only...but also...). Together with her husband Pierre, she worked in a shabby lab, where they extracted radium and polonium from tons of pitchblende. Their efforts 4.made the world realize the power of radioactive elements (让世界认识到了放射性元素的力量；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语), inspiring generations of scientists to chase the truth. 5.Although worn out every day (尽管每日累得精疲力竭；状语从句的省略), she never gave up her research. In 1903, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, proving that perseverance can turn impossible dreams into reality. Her story tells us that as long as we hold fast to our goals, nothing can stop us from achieving greatness. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $