UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS(突破疑难)（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（北师大版）

UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇精讲   　　After school, I prefer to stay/staying at home, reading some of the latest news.放学后,我更喜欢待 在家里,读一些最新的消息。 　　He preferred me to stay with him and help him to deal with the difficult affairs.他希望我留在他 身边,帮助他处理这些困难的事情。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　A new survey indicates that young people in China much prefer making fresh food to buying prepared food.一项新的调查显示,中国的年轻人更喜欢制作新鲜的食物,而不是购买预制食品。   ①prefer ________________ sth.更喜欢做某事 ②prefer sb. __________ sth.宁愿/希望某人做某事 ③prefer (doing) A _______(doing) B 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A ④prefer to do A rather than do B (=would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B)宁愿做A也 不愿做B 　to     　to do     　to do/doing     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　①prefer的过去式和过去分词需要先双写r,再加-ed,即preferred, preferred。 　　②prefer本身就含有“更喜欢”的意思,相当于like...better,一般不与比较级连用。   preference n.偏爱,喜爱;偏爱的事物 have a preference for...偏爱…… give (a) preference to sb./sth.优待某人/某物;优先考虑某人/某物 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026吉林长春月考)When Mary was losing weight, she preferred running in the park _______ working out in the gym. ②(2024全国甲)Writing is a matter of personal ________________(prefer). ③(2022全国甲)Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils(餐具), instead preferring _________________(use) their hands. ④我希望您能优先考虑我的申请,给我一个证明我的能力的机会。 I hope you can _______ ____________ _______ ______ ______________ and give me a chance to prove my ability. 　application     　my     　to     　preference     　give     　to use/using     　preferences     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑤(2026北京35中期中)很多学生宁愿在图书馆学习,也不愿在家学习。 Many students _________ _____ _________ in the library _________ _______ __________ at home.   　study     　than     　rather     　study     　to     　prefer     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　The volunteers put up a sign to remind people to save every drop of water.志愿者张贴标志来提 醒人们节约每一滴水。　     　　Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.那些西红柿的味道让我想起了小时候我叔叔常常种的那些西红柿。 (2023全国甲) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①remind sb. _______ sth./sb.使某人想起某事物/某人 ②remind sb. __________ sth.提醒某人做某事 ③remind sb. that...提醒某人……   reminder n.提醒人的事物;引起回忆的事物;通知单 　to do     　of     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026福建厦门月考)The teacher reminded us ____________ (behave) ourselves during the school visit to the museum. ②He told her it served as a _____________(remind) that even when you doubt yourself, your loved ones will always have faith in you. 　reminder     　to behave     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants, hotels, railway stations and theaters.这 些新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅馆、火车站和剧院这样的地方吸烟。 　　The students had a heated discussion about whether schools should prohibit students from using mobile phones on campus.学生们就学校是否应该禁止学生在校园里使用手机进行了激烈的讨论。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①prohibit __________ sth.禁止做某事 ②prohibit sb. _________ doing sth. 禁止某人做某事;阻止某人做某事   prohibition n.禁止;禁令   　from     　doing     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 易混词 词义 搭配 prohibit 指以法令、条例、规章的形式 禁止 ①prohibit sb. from doing sth. ②prohibit doing sth. ban 指依法或由于社会压力而禁止, 含谴责或不赞成的态度 ban sb. from sth./from doing sth. forbid 尤指权威者(如上级、官方、家 长、雇主、医生、老师等)不允 许,或客观条件不允许 ①forbid sb. to do sth. ②forbid sb. from doing sth. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①We have now prohibited people from ___________(take) pictures inside. ②These could include passing various laws that prohibit __________(cut) down trees and building houses in these areas. ③她被禁止驾驶一年。 She _____ ___________________ ________ ____________ for a year. ④医生禁止他吸烟。 The doctor ____ ____ ____ ____ / _____ ______. 　from smoking     　forbids him to smoke     　driving     　from     　prohibited/banned     　is     　cutting     　taking     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　She occupied herself in doing routine office tasks.她忙于办公室的日常工作。 　　Last week, we all occupied ourselves with the activity“Working is the most glorious”.上周,我 们都忙于“劳动最光荣”这个活动。      ①occupy sb./sth./oneself _________... 使某人/某物/自己忙于…… 　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②occupy sb./sth./oneself (_______) doing sth. 使某人/某物/自己忙于做某事   ①occupied adj.忙于……的 be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 be occupied with sth.忙于某事 ②occupation n.[C]工作,职业;消遣,业余活动;[U]侵占,占领 ③常见的表示“忙于(做)某事”的搭配还有: be busy doing sth./with sth. be engaged in/on sth. 　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①Having retired from the TV station, the moderator is occupied _________ the welfare of the disabled. ②(2026天津南开大学附属中学模拟)You can imagine how fully _____________(occupy) I became, raising four boys under the age of 8. Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. ③Later, I went to a cafe to have lunch, but there were so many people that all the tables _________________ (occupy). 　were occupied     　occupied     　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　To his disappointment, his son was addicted to surfing the Internet.令他失望的是,他的儿子沉迷 于上网。 　　He shook his head in disappointment and went out on his own.他失望地摇了摇头,一个人出去 了。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①_______ one's (great) disappointment=(much) to one's disappointment令某人(非常)失望的是 ②_______ disappointment 失望地   ①disappoint vt.& vi.(使)失望 ②disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的 be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望 be disappointed at/by/with/about sth.对某事物失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……感到失望 ③disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人扫兴的   　in     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　①disappointing表示“令人失望的”,一般用于描述事物给人的感觉。disappointed 表示“感到失 望的”,一般用于说明人的感觉,若修饰 voice、look、expression、appearance等名词,则表示与之相关 的人感到失望。 　　②有相似用法的还有amazed(感到惊讶的)和amazing(令人惊讶的)、satisfied(感到满意的)和satisfy- ing(令人满意的)等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2022北京)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, ___________________(disappoint) and anger, Johnson warns. ②When he knew the __________________(disappoint) result of the exam, he seemed quite cast down. ③游客们发现博物馆闭馆了,感到失望。 Visitors ________ ______________ ______ _________ the museum closed. ④(2021新高考Ⅰ)当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。 As the twins ________ ___________ ________ ______ _________________, their father appeared. 　disappointment     　in     　them     　around     　looked     　find     　to     　disappointed     　were     　disappointing     　disappointment     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　This fruit-picking experience was of great benefit to us and taught us the importance of working. 这次摘水果的经历让我们获益良多,它使我们懂得了劳动的重要性。 　　For the benefit of both sides, they will increase their cooperation.为了双方的利益,他们将增加合 作。 　　Several provinces will benefit from/by the railway that is being built at present.几个省将从目前 正在修建的铁路中获益。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    ①be _______(great) benefit to...对……(非常)有益 ②________ the benefit of sb./sth.为了某人/某物的利益  ③benefit ____________...从……中获益   beneficial adj.有益的,有利的 be beneficial to...对……有益 　from/by     　for     　of     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2024新课标Ⅰ)The _____________(benefit) of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks. ②I am sure others can benefit ____________ reading them and will not make similar mistakes like me. ③骑自行车对我们的健康和环境都大有裨益。 Cycling ______ _________ ____________ _______ our health and the environment.(beneficial) Cycling ______ ______ ________ _________ _______ our health and the environment.(benefit) 　to     　benefit     　great     　of     　is     　to     　beneficial     　highly     　is     　from/by     　benefits     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　He is a determined man so nothing can prevent him from pursuing his dream.他是一个意志坚定 的人,所以没有什么能阻止他追求他的梦想。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 prevent sb. (from) __________ sth.阻止某人做某事   ①prevention n.预防,防止 ②preventable adj.可预防的,可避免的 ③表示“阻止……做某事”的搭配还有: stop...(from) doing sth. keep...from doing sth. 其中keep...from doing sth.结构中的from不可以省略,变为被动语态时,from也不可以省略。 　doing     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026河南省实验中学期中)Flood _______________(prevent) and control have always been the key to the well-being of the people living along the Yellow River. ②We must prevent Voldemort from ____________(get) the Sorcerer's Stone.   　getting     　prevention     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　To my relief, it was through this run that David became much stronger.让我欣慰的是,正是通过 这次跑步,戴维变得坚强多了。    　　She smiled with/in relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.听说她 的儿子被清华大学录取了,她宽慰地笑了。 　　It's a relief to know that he has recovered from his illness.知道他已经康复了,(我)就放心了。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①____________________(=to the relief of sb.)让某人感到欣慰的是 ②____________ relief宽慰地,欣慰地 ③it is a relief __________ sth.做某事是令人宽慰的 ④breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 ⑤What a relief! 可轻松了!   ①relieve vt.减轻,缓解;解除 relieve sb. of...帮助某人减轻(负担);替某人拿(重物);解除某人的职务 　to do     　with/in     　to sb.'s relief     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②relieved adj.放心的,感到宽慰的 be relieved to see/hear/find/know...看到/听到/发现/知道……而感到宽慰 be relieved that...因……而感到宽慰 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2025全国一)_______ my relief, he called back the next day, and we agreed to get together soon. ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little ___________(relieve). ③这些故事可以缓解我的压力,开阔我的视野。 These stories can _________ _______ ___________ and broaden my horizons. ④看到他又高兴起来,他妈妈放心了。 His mother _______ ___________ ______ ______ him happy again. 　see     　to     　relieved     　was     　stress     　my     　relieve     　relief     　To     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　To my satisfaction, all my efforts have paid off.使我感到满足的是,我所有的努力都得到了回报。 　　With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction. 汤姆买了所有他感兴趣的书,心满意足地离开了书店。    第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①_______ one's satisfaction使某人感到满足的是 ②_________ satisfaction 满意地;欣慰地 ③a sense of satisfaction 满足感   ①dissatisfaction n.不满意,不满足 ②satisfy vt.使满意,满足 satisfy one's needs/demands/desires 满足某人的需要/要求/愿望 ③satisfied adj.满意的,满足的 be satisfied with...对……感到满意 ④satisfying adj.令人满意的,令人满足的 　with     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①A good book can be _______________(satisfy), can improve your knowledge and can teach you a lot. ②(2024全国甲)You should feel ______________(satisfy) at the end of a meal, but not too full. ③此外,音乐还给了我希望和满足感。 Moreover, music gave me hope and _____ ________ _______ ______________. 　satisfaction     　of     　sense     　a     　satisfied     　satisfying     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　I'm amazed to receive a call from my high school classmate.接到我的高中同学的电话我很惊 讶。 　　We were amazed at/by her wide knowledge of Chinese literature.她的中国文学知识之丰富使我 们大为惊奇。 　　I'm amazed (that) the city has made so many great achievements in recent years.我很惊讶这座城 市近年来取得了这么多伟大的成就。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①be amazed __________...对……感到惊讶 ②be amazed __________ sth.因做某事而感到惊讶 ③be amazed (that)...因……而感到惊讶   ①amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的 ②amazingly adv.令人惊奇地 ③amaze vt.使惊奇 ④amazement n.惊奇,惊愕,惊诧 in amazement惊奇地 to one's amazement令某人惊奇的是 　to do     　at/by     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2023新课标Ⅰ)He was amazed __________ the results. ②(2025全国二)But it's ____________(amaze) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. ③I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed ____________(find) it wasn't so bad. ④令我惊讶的是,这么多年过去了,那位老教师还能记得我。 ______ _______ ______________, the old teacher can still remember me after so many years. 　amazement     　my     　To     　to find     　amazing     　at/by     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　In response to this environmental issue, China is carrying out significant policies and measures to address climate change.针对这一环境问题,中国正在实施重要的政策和措施来应对气候变化。  (China Daily) 　　Millions of people made a quick and active response to the appeal for helping the victims of the earthquake.数以百万计的人迅速而积极地响应了帮助地震灾民的呼吁。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①in response _______...作为对……的答复;为了应对…… ②_______________________...对……作出反应/回答   respond v.回答;作出反应 respond to...回应……,对……作出反应 respond to...with sth./by doing sth.以某物/以做某事回应……   　　respond to、in response to、make a response to中的to都是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。 　make a response to     　to     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①After Alan ordered his coffee, he was amazed when barista(咖啡师) Krystal handed him a note in __________(respond). ②并非每个人对事件的反应都一样。 Not everyone acts the same ______ __________ _______ ___________. ③如果你知道答案,试着回答一下。 If you know the answer, try to __________ _______ it. 　to     　respond     　events     　to     　response     　in     response     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇积累 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 frequency n.发生的频率,发生率 the high/low frequency (of...)(……的)高/低发生率 frequent adj.频繁的 frequently adv.频繁地 常见的频度副词按照动作发生的频率由高到低依次为:always/ constantly总是>usually通常>often/frequently经常>sometimes有 时>occasionally偶尔>seldom/rarely不常;罕有>never从未 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 rather than 而不是 We should think about others rather than only ourselves.我们应 该考虑他人,而不是只考虑自 己。  instead of代替;而不是 in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳  in good/bad condition健康状况 良好/糟糕 in good/poor health健康状况好/ 不好 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 balanced adj.均衡的 balance v.(使)保持平衡;权衡;同 等重视 n.平衡,均衡;平衡能力 balance A and/with B使A和B平 衡;同等重视A和B balance A against B权衡A和B keep/lose one's balance保持/失去 平衡 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 defeat vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜,打败 n.失败 A man can be destroyed but not defeated.一个人可以被毁灭,但不 能被打败。 a narrow/heavy defeat惜败/惨败 accept/admit defeat接受/承认失 败 suffer a defeat遭受失败 company n.公司;一群人;  陪伴 keep sb. company陪伴某人 in company with...与……一起;与 ……同时 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 have a (strong) desire to do sth.有 (强烈的)欲望做某事 have a desire for sth.渴望得到某 物 desire (sb.) to do sth.期望(某人) 做某事 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 pack n.包,包裹;绷带,敷布 vi.& vt.把……包起来 Driven by curiosity, the boy opened the bag and found a pack of clothes there.在好奇心的驱使 下,男孩打开了包,发现里面有一 包衣服。 pack up收拾(行李) pack away(用后)收拾好 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 pay off 取得成功;奏效;付清,偿清 含有pay的其他常用短语: pay for...为……付钱 pay sb. back向某人还钱;报复某 人 pay attention to...注意…… pay a visit to游览;参观;拜访 keep up with 跟上,保持同步 含有keep的其他常用短语: keep away from远离 keep (on) doing...继续做…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 keep up with 跟上,保持同步 keep...out of...使……不进入… …;把……关在……外面 keep to遵守;不离开 keep up保持;坚持 keep in touch with...与……保持 联系 keep...in mind记住…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 earn vt.赢得;博得;挣得 earn sb. sth.使某人赢得/挣得某 物 earn money=make money挣钱 earn a/one's living=make a living 谋生 earn one's respect赢得某人的尊 敬 earn a reputation赢得声誉 earnings n.工资,收入;利润,收益 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 announcement n.通告,公告 make an announcement 发表公告 announce vt.宣布,宣告(决定、计 划等);声称;宣称 announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某 事(不能用announce sb. sth.) announce that...宣布…… It is announced that...据宣布…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 in case 以防万一;如果,假使 含有case的其他常用短语: in case of如果;假使 in this/that case既然这/那样 in any case无论如何;不管怎样 in no case决不,在任何情况下都 不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒 装) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 equipment n.设备,装备 equip vt.装备,配备;使有能力,使 有所准备 equip sb./sth. with sth.给某人/某 物配备某物 equip sb. for...使某人能够胜任… … equip sb. to do sth.使某人有能力 做某事 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 amount n.数量,数额  vi.总计;相当于 a large/good/great amount of大量 的(后接不可数名词,作主语时,谓 语动词用单数) large/small amounts of大/少量的 (后接不可数名词,作主语时,谓语 动词用复数) amount to总计;相当于 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 sight n.视野;看见 in/within sight看得见;在视野内 　out of sight在视野外;看不见 at first sight乍一看;初次见到     　at the sight of...一看见…… catch/lose sight of...看见/再也看 不见…… come into sight出现 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 defend vi.& vt.保护,保卫;为……辩解 defend...from/against...保护…… 免受……伤害;就……为……辩 护 defence/defense n.保卫;防守;辩 护 in defence of为……辩护;为了保 护…… defensive adj.防御的;保护的;百 般辩解的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I'll ask you for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要,我会向你求助。 They felt stressed while (they were) waiting for the sunset.他们在等待日落的时候感到焦虑不安。 (2023全国乙) 　　Though (he was) young, he had to live on his own.虽然很小,但他不得不独自生活。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　在含有表示时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或让步等的状语从句的主从复合句中,当状语从句的 主语与主句的主语一致,或状语从句的主语是______,且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时,状语从句常使用 省略形式,可省去_______和be动词。   　　如果从句和主句的主语不一致,则从句不可使用省略形式。 　    •While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!当你在中国的时候,黄山是必游之 地! (2021新高考Ⅰ) 　主语     　it     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026重庆一中开学考试)如有必要,说话要清晰、缓慢。避免无端大喊大叫。 Speak clearly and slowly, _____ ______________. Avoid shouting unnecessarily. ②上网的时候,我读了一篇关于怎样提高英语口语的文章。 ________ ___________ ______ ____________, I read an article about how to improve spoken English. ③尽管身处危险中,他们也没有犹豫。 _______ _____________ _____ ___________, they did not hesitate. 　danger     　in     　if/though     　Even     　Internet     　the     　surfing     　While     　necessary     　if     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　Nothing is more precious than health.健康是最宝贵的。    　　—What do you think of the film last night? 　　—It couldn't be worse. 　　——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样? 　　——糟糕透了。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一部小说啊!我从 来没有读过比这更感人的小说。   　　①“否定词+比较级(+than...)”相当于最高级,通常意为“_____________________”或“完 全,十分,非常”。用“否定词+比较级(+than...)”表示最高级意义比直接用最高级更有说服力。 　　②常用于此用法的否定词有no、not、never、____________、nobody、hardly等。 　nothing     　没有(比……)更……的了     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   表示最高级意义的其他结构: ①比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数 ②比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数 ③比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数 ④比较级+than+anything/anyone else ⑤比较级+than+the rest of the+可数名词复数/不可数名词 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的一张笑脸更好的了。 And if we are feeling down or lonely, __________ ______ ________ _________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend. ②马克从未见过比这只狼更可怕的动物。 Mark _______ ________ ________ _____ ________ _____________ _____________ than this wolf. ③He works the hardest in his class.(句型转换) →He works _________ ________ _______ ________ __________ in his class.(比较级+than+any other...) →He works_________ ________ ______ ________ _____________ in his class.(比较级+than+the other...) 　students     　other     　the     　than     　harder     　student     　other     　any     　than     　harder     　creature     　frightening     　more     　a     　seen     　never     　has     　than     　better     　is     　nothing     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 →He works__________ _______ _______ ______ ______ ________ _____________ in his class.(比较级+ than+any of the other...) →He works_________ ________ ______ _______ ______ _______ ___________ in his class.(比较级+than +the rest of the...) 　students     　the     　of     　rest     　the     　than     　harder     　students     　other     　the     　of     　any     　than     　harder     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　With nothing to do, they went out for a walk.他们无事可做,出门散步去了。 　　The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.这个位置使我们 能够在日落的背景下眺望湖泊。 (2023全国乙) 　　With the exam approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes.随着考试临近,复习你的 课堂笔记是个好主意。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的东西都买到了,她 高高兴兴地回家了。   　　①with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时 间、条件、方式等。 　　②with的复合结构的主要构成形式: 　　with+名词/代词+形容词; 　　with+名词/代词+副词; 　　with+名词/代词+_________; 　介词短语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　with+名词/代词+动词不定式(表示将要发生的动作); 　　with+名词/代词+_________(表示的动作与前面的宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系); 　　with+名词/代词+_________(表示的动作与前面的宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系)。 　过去分词     　现在分词     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026广东广州二中期中)With most of the problems ___________(solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind. ②(2026海南琼海市嘉积中学期中)The town is surrounded by old stone walls, with flagstone paths ____ ___________(wind) through. ③(2024新课标Ⅰ)Gunter把出租车停在公交车后面,转过身来,脸上带着灿烂的笑容看着我。 Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me _______ ______ ______ __________ _____ ________ _______. 　face     　his     　on     　smile     　big     　a     　with     winding     　solved     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 时间状语从句 定语从句 定语从句 让步状语从句 宾语从句 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 定语从句 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 定语从句 　　在主从复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定 语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,如果省去从 句,主句意思含糊不清;后者与主句之间用逗号分开,起补充说明的作用,如果省去从句,主句意思仍然清 楚完整。 学习定语从句的焦点是关系词的选择,关系词和先行词有着密切的关系,关系词分为关系代词和关系副 词,本单元我们学习五个常见的关系代词:that、which、who、whom和whose。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   1.that、which的用法   　　The plan (that/which) they argued about was settled at last.他们争论的那个计划终于确定了。 　　This may be the suitcase that/which contains important material.这也许是那个装有重要材料的 手提箱。 　　Li Fei is the girl(that/who/whom) I usually go to school with.李菲就是那个常常和我一起去上学 的女孩。   (1)that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中可以作主语、①_______或表语,作②_______时可以省略,作 　宾语     　宾语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 主语时不可省略。that指人时常可与who、whom互换,指物时常可与which互换。 (2)which用于指代表示事物的先行词,在定语从句中作③_______、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,但作介 词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时不可省略。 2.who、whom的用法   　　Do you know the girl (whom/who/that) I talked to just now?你认识刚才和我说话的那个女孩吗? 　　They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these ani- mals.它们被它们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 　　They are looking for the patient on whom doctors performed an operation five days ago.他们正在 寻找五天前医生给其做过手术的那位病人。   　主语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (1)who用于指代表示人的先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略,作④_______时不可 省略。who作主语时可与that互换,作宾语时可与that、whom互换。 (2)whom用于指代表示人的先行词,在定语从句中作动词或⑤_______的宾语,一般可以省略,但作介词 的宾语且直接跟在介词后时不可省略。在现代英语里,whom可以用who或that替代;但是当关系词在从 句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时只能用whom,而不能用who或that。 3.whose的用法   　　It's the house whose door is painted red.这就是那座门被漆成红色的房子。 　　There was once a boy called Jagan, whose dream was to become a famous football player.曾经有 一个叫贾根的男孩,他的梦想是成为一名著名的足球运动员。   　介词     　主语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　whose 用于指代表示人或物的先行词,在定语从句中作⑥_______,表示“某人的;某物的”,与其 修饰的名词之间是所属关系,一起构成一个名词短语,在从句中充当成分。 　定语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 　　She is the very girl that has got a prize.她就是那个获奖的女孩。 　　He did everything that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。 　　Which is the dictionary that you bought yesterday?你昨天买的是哪本字典? 　　All that we can do is give you some advice.我们能做的只有给你提供一些建议。 　　The writer and his work that you told me are really famous.你告诉我的那个作家和他的作品确 实很有名。 　　When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.当人们谈到杭州 时,第一个想到的就是西湖。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   (1)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)先行词是anything、⑦_______________、nothing、none、all、few、little等不定代词或被every、 each、no、all、few、little、much等修饰时。 (3)先行词被⑧_____________、the only、the same、the last等修饰时。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 (5)主句是以⑨__________开头的特殊疑问句时。 　which     　the very     　everything     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 不定代词 　　不定代词是不具体指明代替某个特定名词的代词。常用的不定代词有:some、something、some- body、someone、any、anything、anybody、anyone、nothing、nobody、none、no one、everything、 everybody、everyone、each、all、both、much、many、(a) little、(a) few、other(s)、another、one(s)、 either、neither等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Is that all you want to know?那就是所有你想知道的吗? 　　There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点水。 　　I felt quite sorry for everything I had done before.我对我以前所做的一切感到非常抱歉。 　　No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.好几个小时没人看到它 们了,我和我的同事都很担心。   　　不定代词在句中可以作⑩_______、宾语、表语和定语等成分。 　主语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.不定代词both、all、either、any、neither、none 都 任何 一个 都不 (全部否定) 部分否定 两者 both either neither =not either both和not连用 三者或三 者以上 all any none =not any all和not连用 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.不定代词the other、other、another、others the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词,表示“另外的,其他的” other 不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“大于1的基数词/few+复数名词”,表示“另外多少的……” others 可单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.复合不定代词 某个 任何 每个,所有 没有 人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/ nobody 物 something anything everything nothing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2024新课标Ⅰ)Studies have found that children _____________ spend more time outside tend to be health- ier, better adjusted, and better at dealing with stress. ②(2022新高考Ⅰ)Producing food _______________ no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. ③(2025全国一)I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something ________ couldn't come with us. ④(2026江苏扬州期中)The professor talked about the famous writers and novels _______ have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. ⑤(2026北京一六一中学期中)The teacher with _________ we discussed our study plans gave practical and valuable advice. 　whom     　that     　that     　that/which     　who/that     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑥Recently I bought an ancient Chinese painting,__________ price was very reasonable. 用不定代词填空 ⑦This is one of the most exciting basketball games _________ left a deep impression on millions of fans. ⑧____________ could be done because no one in authority took the matter seriously. ⑨John didn't choose any of the three jackets because he found _________ of them satisfactory. ⑩You can ask anyone for help. _______________________ here is willing to lend you a hand.  She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ____________ and moved to Cambridge.  Taking regular exercise is one good way to help us keep fit, and having a balanced diet is ____________.  When you introduce me to the businessman, could you please say ______________ for me?  The witness was asked a lot of questions by the policeman, but she didn't answer ________ of them. 　any     　something     　another     　neither     　Everyone/Everybody     　none     　Nothing     　that     　whose     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $