内容正文:
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 精品讲义2026秋高一(上)英语-新教材人教版必修二
第1讲 主题词汇图谱与听力场景
词汇+听力课(教师版)
词汇课 ● 以“遗产—威胁—保护—传承”语义链重构30个核心词,嵌入听力“数字·地点·态度”三要素微技能
一、课时安排与学习目标
【课时安排】
本讲为 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 的开篇词汇+听力课,建议120分钟(2课时连排)。第1课时:目标确认5分钟→撞墙导入10分钟→核心精讲35分钟→即时归因5分钟。第2课时:听力微技能30分钟→分层实战25分钟→互评与面批15分钟→自检固化5分钟。若无法连排,可按45分钟×2切分,C档冲刺与课后巩固转至课后完成。
【学习目标】学完本讲,你能:
1.按“遗产—威胁—保护—传承”语义链认出并说出30个核心课标词,并在句中正确使用其中8个高频词块;
2.建立“词—块—篇”三层词汇观,拿到陌生文化类语篇时知道该从哪一层下手、如何预判考点;
3.听一段文化遗产主题材料,准确抓取数字、地点、态度三要素,正确率达到85%以上;
4.说出文化类语篇的3个高考对接点:听力场景词识别、语法填空文化语篇词性转换、阅读文化类说明文同义转述。
【重难点】
重点:8个高频词块的完整形式与介词归属。难点:① worth 后接动名词却表被动的机理;② contribute to 中 to 是介词,正负语义由宾语判定;③ 听力同义转述型选项的识别(downtown→in the city centre)。
二、撞墙导入:认识不等于会用
先别翻词汇表。下面3空,凭第一反应填,填完再往下看。
1.The old temple is in danger ____ being damaged by floods.(填介词)
2.The government has taken effective measures ____ (prevent) the relics from disappearing.(填动词形式)
3.This ancient city is well worth ____ (visit) in autumn.(填动词形式)
【答案与错因拆解】
1.of。高频错答 by:思维路径是“中文‘被洪水损坏’→被动→by”。但 danger 后接的是“危险的内容”(of being damaged),不是“危险的施加者”;即便交代危险来自谁,也只写在 damage 之后(damaged by floods)。
2.to prevent。高频错答 preventing:受后半句 from disappearing 干扰,把 measures 后的结构误当成 prevent...from 的延续。正解:take measures to do 中 to do 是目的状语,“采取措施”的目的是“阻止”,两个结构是“目的+手段”的嵌套。口诀:measures 后必接 to do,prevent 后必接 from doing。
3.visiting。高频错答 to visit(把 worth 当 want 类动词)或 being visited(想通了被动却多加一层)。正解:be worth doing 用主动形式表被动含义,主语是“被做的事”(the city)。
三处判据一摆,问题就清楚了:这些词你“认识”,但放进真实搭配就错。高考从不考你认不认识,考的是你“在语境里搭得对不对、变不变形”。这就是本讲的立论——词汇不是背出来的,是长出来的:把孤立的“点”串成语义链,把词块当最小单位去记,考场上调取的才是整条线。
三、核心精讲:语义链·词块·三层词汇观
(一)为什么必须是“语义链”,不能是“单词表”
一个词孤立地背,大脑存的是一个“点”;放进逻辑线里,它与前后词互相勾住,回忆一个就带出一串。文化类语篇的叙事逻辑高度稳定:遗产受到威胁→采取措施→保护→传承。这条链的价值不在“好记”,而在它能替你做题。
其一,阅读文化类说明文,正确答案常是原文某词的同义转述。转述靠的不是同义词表,而是语义链上的近义迁移——preserve / restore / protect 同属“保护”一环,题目把 preserve 转述成 protect,若不认这条链,就会误判为“无中生有”。
其二,完形与写作中,链上相邻环节互为上下文提示。空前提到 in danger,空后十有八九是 take measures / prevent;空前提到 citizens,空后多半是 identity / awareness。完形的“复现”线索,本质就是语义链在上下文里的回声。
错误路径演示:有学生遇到 The project aimed to ____ the old wall from further damage,填 protect 被判错(答案 preserve),不服气:“protect 也是保护啊!”区别正在链上:protect 是“防止受伤害”(通用),preserve 是“保存原貌不被破坏”(强调维持原状)。空后有 from further damage 且语境强调“原貌”,preserve 更准。记词块要连“它跟邻居的区别”一起记,而不是只记中文。
用链三步法(教师可据此带练)
拿到一道文化类题,别急着逐词抠,先用三步在链上定位:第一步,找“链锚”——圈出题干或空前空后已经出现的链上词(如 in danger、take measures、heritage),判断本题落在哪一环。第二步,判“环节”——看清空位是要“保护”“威胁”还是“传承”,环节定,候选词范围就缩到一环内。第三步,选“近义”——在同一环节内挑与原文互证最紧的那个,并排除跨环节的干扰项。
以语法填空为例:空前是 in danger,空后是 being damaged,链锚“威胁”一环已经给出,那么空位十有八九是介词 of(in danger of doing)。如果你只会背 danger 这个词而不认 in danger of 这条链上的搭配,就写不出 of。这就是“链”直接变成得分点的地方。
(二)30个核心词的语义链铺开
链上环节
核心词(按链序)
考点指向
文明源头
civilisation, dynasty, ancient, monument, temple
词性转换、名词数
遗产留存
heritage, relic, site, ruin
relic/site 可数名词,ruin 常用复数
面临威胁
danger, limit, replace, prevent
in danger of 搭配,prevent...from
采取保护
measure, fund, donate, preserve, restore, protect, contribute
take measures to do、介词归属
提升意识
promote, awareness, treasure, valuable
promote awareness of、名词派生
身份传承
identity, citizen, investigate, proposal, document, committee
派生与语境词
这张表不要背成六栏,要当一条叙事线读:一座文明(civilisation)留下遗产(heritage / relics / sites),却受到威胁(in danger),于是人类采取措施(take measures)保护(preserve / restore)并珍视(treasure)它,最终把身份认同(identity)传给每一代公民(citizen)。
30词清单(按链序):heritage, relic, site, monument, ruin, temple, ancient, dynasty, civilisation, danger, limit, replace, prevent, preserve, restore, protect, measure, fund, donate, contribute, promote, awareness, treasure, valuable, identity, citizen, investigate, proposal, document, committee。高频派生:donation, preservation, contribution, attempt, balance, civilise, civilised。
(三)8个高频词块:拆到“错误路径”
每个词块按“完整形式—判据—错误路径—正例”四步走,重点落在错误路径上。
1.preserve...from “保护……免受” 完整形式:preserve+宾语+from+名词/动名词。判据:看见“保护+免受伤害”即用。错误路径:preserve...to(误当 want 类动词);preserve...from do(from 是介词,后接动名词)。正例:We should preserve the ancient walls from further damage.
2.promote awareness of “提高对……的意识” 完整形式:promote+awareness+of+名词/动名词。判据:主语是政府/机构/媒体,宾语是“意识、文化”时用 promote。错误路径:improve awareness(improve 搭配“水平、质量”,awareness 习惯配 raise / promote / increase);漏掉 of。正例:The campaign aims to promote awareness of protecting cultural relics.
3.make a contribution to “为……做贡献” 完整形式:make a contribution+to+名词/动名词(to 是介词)。判据:to 后跟动词必加 -ing,这是语填最常见挖坑点。错误路径:make a contribution to protect(误把 to 当不定式符号);单数 contribution 前漏 a。正例:Every citizen can make a contribution to protecting the old town.
4.keep a balance between...and... “在……和……之间保持平衡” 判据:两个对立项并列(发展 vs 保护)时几乎必然用 balance。错误路径:keep a balance of...and...(介词错);keep balance(缺 a)。正例:The city tries to keep a balance between development and protection.
5.donate...to... “捐赠……给……” 完整形式:donate+物+to+人/机构(及物,不带双宾语)。判据:主语是人/企业,动作是“把某物给某方”。错误路径:donate sb sth(不能带双宾语);单数 donation 前漏 a。正例:He donated a large sum of money to the museum.
6.take measures to do “采取措施做” 完整形式:take measures+to do(measures 常复数,to 后接原形表目的)。判据:政府/组织作主语、句中出现“解决问题”的意图。错误路径:take measure(漏 -s);take measures doing。正例:The government has taken effective measures to prevent further damage.
7.be worth doing “值得做” 完整形式:be worth+动名词(主动表被动)。判据:主语是“被做的事”。错误路径:be worth to do / be worth being done;worth 与 worthy 混用(be worthy to be done / of being done 是另一套)。正例:The ancient temple is well worth visiting in autumn.
8.contribute to “促成/有助于/导致” 完整形式:contribute+to+名词/动名词(to 是介词)。判据:既表“贡献(正面)”也表“导致(负面)”,看宾语定正负——宾语是 culture / progress 为正面,是 pollution / risk 则为“导致”。错误路径:contribute to do;见 contribute 一律译“贡献”,遇 Careless tourism contributes to environmental damage 就译反了。正例:Hard work contributes to success.
介词归属横向对比(本讲最易失分处)
词块
介词
后接
典型错误
preserve...from
from
名词/动名词
preserve...to
make a contribution to
to
名词/动名词
to protect(误当不定式)
contribute to
to
名词/动名词
contribute to do
in danger of
of
名词/动名词
in danger by
do harm to
to
名词
do harm for
keep a balance between
between
A and B
balance of A and B
这张表的用法:做完题,把每道错题对应的介词归属抄到旁边,考前只看这一栏。介词是文化类语篇语填的“必考户口”,to 到底是介词还是不定式符号,是本讲最关键的判断——凡是词块尾部的 to,一律按介词处理,后接动词必加 -ing。
(四)三层词汇观:词→块→篇
第一层“词”:记音形义(解决“认”)。第二层“块”:记搭配、词族、易错介词(本讲重点,解决“搭对”)。第三层“篇”:词进入语篇后会发生同义转述与词性转换(对接阅读与语填)。
示范一个词的“三级跳”:civilisation(n.文明)→ civilise(v.使文明)→ civilised(adj.文明的)。语填若给提示词 civilise,答案往往不是原型,而是派生形式;判断依据不是背后缀表,而是空格前后的语法环境:① 空前有 the / our / 形容词→名词;② 空前有 be 或 very→形容词/分词;③ 主语缺谓语→动词(再看时态语态一致);④ 空前是介词或搭配尾部(to / from / of)→动名词。
再举一例:preserve(v.保存)→ preservation(n.保存)。语填给 preserve,若空前是 the+空格+of,需派生为 preservation;若空前是 to 或 are,则保持动词并变形。判断先后顺序:先看句法空位,再决定是否派生。认识一个词,不等于会用一个词;会用,指能在篇里正确变形、正确搭配、正确转述。
(五)词块在语篇中的变式:高考怎么考
同一个词块,放进不同句式,考点就跟着变。本讲8个词块在高考里最常见的三种变式如下——
变式一:被动化 preserve...from 变被动,主语变成“被保护物”。如 The ancient walls must be preserved from further damage. 此时 preserve 与 from 被 be 动词隔开,仍是同一搭配。考点:判断被动语态后,from 不能省、不能换成 to。
变式二:名词化 make a contribution to 变名词形式 the contribution of the public to,名词化后 to 依然是介词,后接名词/动名词。语填常挖空 make a great ____ (contribute),答案 contribution,同时考 to 后接动名词。
变式三:时态化 take measures to do 常与时态搭配考。如 The government is taking measures to prevent the river from being polluted. 现在进行时 + measures 复数 + to do,三处都考。
这三个变式指向同一个核心:词块的“骨架”(介词归属)不变,变的只是外围的时态、语态、词性。你只要把介词归属记死,外围再怎么变都能应对。这就是“以不变应万变”的词汇应试观。
【即时练习·词块填空】
1.Many old towns are taking measures ____ (keep) their historic streets clean.
2.We should preserve these paintings ____ (damage) by the weather.
3.The museum called on people to make a contribution ____ protecting cultural relics.
4.It is worth ____ (visit) the ancient temple during the festival.
5.The government is trying to keep a balance ____ economic growth ____ environmental protection.
6.Too many visitors may do harm ____ the delicate murals in the caves.
【答案与解析】
1.to keep。take measures to do 中不定式表目的——主语是 towns,动作落在“采取措施”上,to do 表目的,故用不定式。
2.from being damaged。这里要表达“免受”:from 是介词,决定后接动名词;paintings 是被天气损坏的对象,用 being damaged。
3.to。contribution 的介词归属固定是 to,后接 protecting 恰证明 to 是介词而非不定式符号。
4.visiting。worth 之后只容得下动名词,动词 visit 须变形为 visiting。
5.between;and。句子要填“在……与……之间”,并列的是 economic growth 与 environmental protection,正是 between...and... 的槽位。
6.to。do harm to 固定搭配,to 为介词,后接名词 the delicate murals。“对……有害”的介词是 to,不是 for。
(六)易混词三连辨析:本讲最易考的三对“邻居”
文化类语篇里,意思相近的词成组出现,是高考命题人最爱的“坑位”。本讲挑三对,讲清“邻居之间的界墙”在哪。
第一对:protect 与 preserve protect 强调“防止伤害”,preserve 强调“维持原状、不使改变”。The museum protects the relics from theft, while the special room preserves them at a stable temperature. 保护对象可能是人(protect people),保存原貌只用 preserve(preserve the original look)。
第二对:restore 与 repair restore 指“修复并恢复原貌/原状”,repair 只指“修好能用”。古建筑修复用 restore(强调重现历史原貌),普通桌椅坏了用 repair。The workers restored the ancient temple to its original state. 若只写 repaired,就丢了“恢复原貌”这层意思。
第三对:donate 与 contribute donate 后接具体物/钱(donate money to),contribute 既接钱也接抽象(contribute to success / culture),且 to 后接动词时用 -ing。He donated 1,000 yuan to the project;Hard work contributes to success. 两词共用一个 to,介词归属相同。
错误路径演示:有学生写 protect the old look,被判不准,因为“保持原貌”不是“防止伤害”而是“使不改变”,该用 preserve the original look。记词时把“中文释义+使用场景”一起记,才能分辨这三对邻居。
四、听力微技能:数字·地点·态度三要素
(一)为什么“逐词听写”必败
短时记忆只容得下7±2个单位:等你写完上一个词,下一个信息点已经过去了。本讲只抓三类信息——数字(年份/人数/金额)、地点(事情发生在哪)、态度(说话人倾向哪个答案)。本讲不设辨音题,语音只作为听力理解的微技能出现。
错误路径演示:有学生听独白时听到 two million yuan 立刻低头写 2,000,000,结果漏掉紧随其后的 Workers from the capital arrived at the bridge,地点题丢分。原因不是没听见,而是注意力全给了“写”。正确做法:耳听—眼盯选项—手只打钩。
(二)答题三步流程
第一步预读:播放前圈出每题三个选项中的数字、地点、态度词,预判本小题抓哪一类。
第二步定位:听时只等目标词出现,其余放过。数字防两类陷阱——单位陷阱(thousand / million / hundred)与近音陷阱(thirteen / thirty,fifteen / fifty)。
第三步转述:高考听力选项极少原词复现,downtown 会转述为 in the city centre,worry 会转述为 is concerned about。听到信号词后去选项里找“意思相同”的那个,而不是“读音相同”的那个。
三要素高频信号词速记
要素
信号词
常见转述
数字
hundred, thousand, million, plus, minus, half, double, total
three hundred thousand→300,000
地点
downtown, centre, suburb, near, opposite, at the top of
downtown→in the city centre
态度
I think, worry, glad, afraid, prefer, suggest, surprised
worry→be concerned about
(三)练习·听对话,完成第1—3题
W: Have you heard that the ancient tower downtown is going to be restored?
M: Yes, the city council just approved a fund of three hundred thousand yuan for it.
W: That's great news. But I worry the noise will bother the neighbourhood for months.
M: They promise to finish before the winter festival, so we can enjoy the celebration there.
1.Where is the ancient tower located?
A.In the city centre. B.In the suburb. C.Near the museum.
2.How much money did the city council approve for the restoration?
A.300,000 yuan. B.200,000 yuan. C.400,000 yuan.
3.What is the woman worried about?
A.The noise may bother the neighbours. B.The restoration may take too long. C.The tower may be destroyed.
【答案与解析】
1.A。地点题。预读圈出三个地点词,听时只等 downtown;男士话音刚落 it downtown,即与 A 项 in the city centre 同义转述。B、C 在原文一字未提,属“无中生有”。
2.A。数字题。three hundred thousand 是三个十万,即 300,000。B、C 改成 200,000、400,000,属邻近数字干扰,专诱人漏算 thousand。
3.A。态度题。抓信号词 worry 后紧接的 noise,这正是女士所虑;对选项,A 的 bother the neighbours 与原文 bother the neighbourhood 同义。男士说 finish before the winter festival 是回应工期,非女士担心对象,故 B 错;C 与原文“将被修复”正相反。
口诀:数字听“多少”,地点听“在哪”,态度听“倾向”(I think / worry / glad / afraid / prefer 都是信号)。
(四)同义转述专项:三个高频“换说法”
听力失分最隐蔽的地方,是听懂了原文却选错了选项——因为选项不说原词,而说“另一种说法”。本讲听力高频转述有三组,务必先背牢再上考场:
第一组:地点词转述。 downtown → in the city centre;in the suburb → outside the city;near the museum → next to the museum。判断要点:听到方位词先想“它在城市的哪个区”,再去选项找对等说法。
第二组:态度词转述。 worry / be worried → be concerned about;be afraid → be nervous about;prefer → would rather。判断要点:态度题不考“词面”,考“说话人的立场”,信号词后紧接的内容才是立场。
第三组:数字来源转述。 half of the total → 50%;double the number → 两倍;about / nearly / over → 约/接近/超过。判断要点:听数字先判断是“总量”还是“部分”,选项常把部分当总量。
错误路径演示:有学生听到 nearly 2,000 visitors 就选 2,000,忽略了 nearly 表“接近、不足”,正确应是 about 2,000 而非 exactly 2,000。近义转述的失分,往往不是没听见,而是没抓住修饰数字的“程度词”。
(五)练习·听独白,完成第4—6题(难度递进)
Last month, a group of local residents proposed rebuilding the old theatre on Green Street. The city council is now holding a public meeting to hear people's opinions. About two hundred citizens have already signed the proposal, and the total cost is estimated at 1.5 million yuan. Many people believe the theatre will become a new cultural landmark for the whole city.
4.What is the public meeting about?
A.Rebuilding the old theatre. B.Building a new park. C.Repairing the city hall.
5.How many citizens have signed the proposal?
A.About 200. B.About 300. C.About 1,500.
6.What do many people believe about the theatre?
A.It will be pulled down soon. B.It will become a new cultural landmark. C.It will be turned into a museum.
【答案与解析】
4.A。地点/主题题。独白开头即点明 proposing rebuilding the old theatre,A 项 rebuild 与原词复现,正确。B、C 属于“张冠李戴”,原文未提公园或市政厅。
5.A。数字题。two hundred 即 200,B 项 300 是近音干扰,C 项 1,500 是从造价 1.5 million 转移来的陷阱,考查“数字来源不能串”。
6.B。态度题。信号词 believe 后紧跟 a new cultural landmark,B 项原词复现。C 项 museum 未出现,A 项与主题“重建”相悖。
五、分层实战
A档·基础过关(语境中识别并选择)
从方框中选择恰当的词块完成句子(每词块限用一次):preserve...from / promote awareness of / make a contribution to / keep a balance between...and... / donate...to / be worth doing
1.The school held a lecture to ____ the importance of protecting cultural heritage.
2.We should ____ the old documents ____ being stolen.
3.Every citizen can ____ environmental protection by saving water.
4.The city tries to ____ development ____ the protection of old buildings.
5.It is ____ the ruins of the ancient city.
6.The charity called on people to ____ books ____ children in poor areas.
【答案与解析】
1.promote awareness of。主语是 school(机构),宾语是 the importance,句式是“提高……的意识”,promote awareness of 恰好装下这两头。
2.preserve...from...。前空“保护 documents”,后空由 being stolen 补出“免受偷窃”,正是 preserve...from... 一对搭档。
3.make a contribution to。动作是“为环保做贡献”,contribution 后接介词 to,再跟动名词 protecting。
4.keep a balance between...and...。句摆 development 与 protection 一发展一保护两项对立,要“保持平衡”只能架在 between...and... 上。
5.worth visiting。主语 ruins(废墟)是“被参观”对象,worth 后接主动形式动名词 visiting,主动表被动。
6.donate...to...。前空是 donate 的宾语 books,后空是接受方 children in poor areas,双空正是 donate...to... 的框架。
B档·能力提升(填空并口述介词依据)
1.The committee has made great contributions to ____ (preserve) local traditions.
2.The ancient temple is now well protected ____ further damage.
3.It is high time that we took effective measures ____ (reduce) pollution around the heritage sites.
4.These cultural relics are worth ____ (treasure) by every generation.
5.The careless behaviour of some tourists has done great harm ____ the ancient statues.
【答案与解析】
1.preserving。contribution 后接的是介词 to,介词后跟动词只能变 -ing,故用 preserving。
2.from。“免受 further damage”用 protect...from...,from 后接名词 further damage。
3.to reduce。“采取措施”目的在于“减少污染”,take measures 后接不定式 to reduce 表目的。另留意 It is high time that... 后接过去式 took,属虚拟语气,是高考常见句型。
4.treasuring。主语 relics 是“被珍视”对象,worth 后接主动形式动名词 treasuring 表被动。
5.to。do harm to 固定搭配,to 为介词,后接 the ancient statues。
C档·高考冲刺(用词块写观点并说明用词理由)
从8个词块中任选5个,写3句关于“文化遗产保护”的观点,每句用1—2个词块,并写出选用理由。
【参考示例】
1.Local governments should take measures to preserve ancient buildings from further damage.(理由:take measures 表“政府采取措施”,preserve...from 表“保护原貌免受”,二者合用构成完整语义链。)
2.We should promote awareness of cultural heritage among the young, so they will treasure our traditions.(理由:promote awareness of 表“唤起意识”,treasure 表“珍视”,分处“保护”与“传承”两环节。)
3.Only by keeping a balance between development and protection can we leave a valuable legacy to our children.(理由:keep a balance between...and... 表达“发展 vs 保护”的对立统一,valuable 回扣“价值”环节。)
【评分要点】词块使用正确得60%,理由说明有逻辑得40%。面批优先批“理由”,追问“为什么这里用 promote 不用 improve”。
D档·综合运用(词义猜测+完形语境还原)
结合语义链,从语境推断划线词的含义。
1.The government set up a special committee to investigate the recent damage to the ancient wall.(investigate 的含义最接近:)
A. 调查 B. 修复 C. 保护 D. 捐赠
2.Local citizens treasure the old bridge not only for its history but also for the memories it carries.(treasure 在此句中的含义是:)
A. 珍视 B. 存放 C. 拆除 D. 重建
【答案与解析】
1.A。链上“采取保护”之前先要“调查清楚威胁”,investigate 属“弄清威胁”环节,最贴切是“调查”。B 修复、C 保护属“保护”环节,D 捐赠属“资金”环节,均跨环节。
2.A。treasure 在本讲语义链上属“珍视/传承”环节,前有 citizens,后有 for its history and memories,判断为“珍视”。词义猜测题切忌按字面“财宝”生搬,要回链上定位。
E档·难点攻坚:worth 家族完整辨析
worth 是高考语填最高频的“坑词”之一,因为它牵扯主动被动、词性变换、句式三套规则。本讲把它一次讲全:
1.be worth doing 主语是“被做之物”,动名词用主动形式表被动。The film is worth watching.(这部电影值得一看,watch 与 film 是被动关系却用主动形式。)
2.be worthy of being done / to be done worthy 是形容词,后接 of 名词/动名词的被动式,或不定式的被动式。The film is worthy of being watched. 与 be worth watching 同义,但形式完全不同。
3.it is worthwhile doing / to do sth worthwhile 作表语,主语常是形式主语 it。It is worthwhile visiting the ancient temple. worthwhile 前可用 very / quite 修饰,worth 则不能。
错误路径演示:有学生把 be worth doing 误写成 be worth to do(当 want 用),或 be worth being done(以为要被动)。三套句式对比记忆:worth 后主动动名词,worthy 后 of being done / to be done,worthwhile 作表语接不定式或动名词。
错题留白·本讲典型错因提醒(供教师面批聚焦)
面批时优先盯三类错:一是介词归属错(by 代 of、to 代 from、for 代 to),这类错说明词块骨架没记牢;二是被动多余错(worth being done),说明主动表被动的机理没通;三是听力数字漏算错(漏 thousand / million),说明单位意识缺位。每个学生把这三类错集中抄到一处,形成个人“易错户口本”,比做十套题更有效。
六、带走型收尾:三层词汇自检清单
这一讲从头到尾只做了一件事:把30个零散的“点”,串成一条“文明→威胁→保护→传承”的线,再让8个高频词块在线上站稳脚跟。你不需要记住全部30个词,需要记住的是这条链——考场上遇到文化类语篇,先问自己“我现在站在链的哪一环,下一环该出现什么词”,答案往往就顺着链自己冒出来了。
请你在课堂结束前,用30秒在心里把这条链重走一遍:文明源头(civilisation)→ 遗产留存(heritage / relics / sites)→ 面临威胁(in danger)→ 采取保护(take measures to preserve / restore)→ 提升意识(promote awareness of)→ 身份传承(treasure / identity)。能从头走到尾,本讲的词汇目标就真正落袋了。
【课堂检测·30秒口答】
1.“面临被损坏的危险”用哪个介词搭配?
2.“值得一看”有哪两种地道说法?
3.contribute to 后面的动词要变什么形式?
(参考答案:1.in danger of;2.be worth watching 与 be worthy of being watched;3.-ing 形式。)
(一)语义链:civilisation → heritage / relics / sites → in danger → take measures to preserve / restore → treasure → identity。能否从头说到尾?
(二)8个高频词块能否各造一句?
(三)3个高考对接点:① 听力场景词(数字/地点/态度);② 语填文化语篇词性转换(civilisation→civilise→civilised);③ 阅读同义转述(preserve≈protect)。
口诀:词串成链、块记搭配、篇里变形——认得到、搭得对、变得出,三关过关才叫“会用”。
七、课后巩固练习
(一)巩固练习一·语法填空(题材:莫高窟的保护)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang are one of the most valuable cultural ____ 1 ____ (treasure) in China. Built over a thousand years ago, they are now in danger ____ 2 ____ being damaged by tourism and weather. In recent years, the government has taken effective measures ____ 3 ____ (preserve) these ancient paintings. Experts have worked out a careful plan, and a special committee ____ 4 ____ (set) up to carry it out last year. Many volunteers have made contributions ____ 5 ____ the protection work, and some have even ____ 6 ____ (donate) money to support it. Visitors are asked not to take photos inside the caves, because the light may do harm ____ 7 ____ the paintings. Thanks to these efforts, public ____ 8 ____ (aware) of heritage protection has been raised greatly. The caves are well worth ____ 9 ____ (visit), but every visitor should remember that ____ 10 ____ (protect) them is everyone's duty.
【答案与解析】
1.treasures。one of the+最高级+名词,名词用复数,one of the most valuable treasures 即“最宝贵的珍宝之一”。
2.of。in danger of 固定搭配,后接动名词 being damaged,交代“面临被损坏的危险”。
3.to preserve。“采取有效措施”目标是“保护壁画”,take measures 后接不定式 to preserve。
4.was set。committee 是“被设立”对象,last year 提示一般过去时,故填被动 was set up。
5.to。make contributions to 固定搭配,后接 the protection work。
6.donated。空前 have even 构成现在完成时,须填过去分词 donated。
7.to。“对壁画有害”是 do harm to,to 为介词。
8.awareness。public 是形容词后接名词,aware 的名词形式是 awareness,不可数不加冠词。
9.visiting。be worth doing 固定结构,worth 后接动名词,主动表被动。
10.protecting。that 从句 is 前缺主语,动名词短语 protecting them 正可作主语。
(二)巩固练习二·词块填空(题材:一座老戏台的保护)
用本讲8个高频词块的正确形式填空,每空填1个词。
The old stage in our town is well worth ____ 1 ____ (protect). Last year it was in danger ____ 2 ____ falling down, so the local government decided to take ____ 3 ____ to repair it. They also tried to promote awareness ____ 4 ____ local opera among young people. Many villagers made a ____ 5 ____ (contribute) to the work by donating money or offering their skills.
【答案与解析】
1.protecting。主语 the old stage 是“被保护”对象,worth 后接主动形式动名词 protecting 表被动。
2.of。in danger of 固定搭配,后接动名词 falling down,点明“面临倒塌的危险”。
3.measures。主语是 local government,动作是“采取措施”,take measures 中 measures 习惯用复数。
4.of。promote awareness of 固定搭配,of 引出“意识”的对象 local opera。
5.contribution。空前 a 提示填单数名词,contribute 的名词形式是 contribution,构成 make a contribution to。
这5空串起来,正好是一条完整的保护故事线:worth protecting(值得保护)→ in danger of(面临威胁)→ take measures(采取措施)→ promote awareness of(提升意识)→ make a contribution to(做出贡献)。你能把它从“威胁”一路填到“贡献”,说明本讲8个词块已经能在一个真实语篇里协同工作了——这正是高考语填想要的“词块在场感”。
(三)巩固练习三·语义链排序(题材:古城保护)
将下列句子按语义链的逻辑顺序重排,使短文连贯(A—E)。
A. Thanks to these efforts, the old town keeps its original look and attracts more visitors.
B. To solve this, the local government took measures to restore the ancient walls.
C. The old town with a long history is now in danger of losing its charm.
D. Citizens also donated money and promoted awareness of heritage protection.
E. Every resident treasures the town as part of their identity.
【答案与解析】
正确顺序:C → B → D → A → E。判据:C 抛“面临威胁”(in danger)→ B 接“采取措施”(take measures)→ D 接“资金与意识”(donate / awareness)→ A 接“结果”体现保护成效(restore / original look)→ E 收束于“身份认同与传承”(treasure / identity)。整条排序即本讲语义链从“威胁”到“传承”的完整闭环,学生会排序,就说明真正掌握了链的逻辑。
(四)巩固练习四·听力微技能迁移
听一段关于古城修复的独白,完成第1—3题。
Our town has a long history. Last year, the local government decided to repair the old city wall, which had stood for six hundred years. About eight hundred volunteers joined the project. To preserve the wall from further damage, workers covered it with special materials. Many citizens donated money, and the whole project cost one million yuan. Now the wall has become a symbol of our identity, and visitors from all over the country come to see it.
1.How long has the old city wall stood?
A.Six hundred years. B.Eight hundred years. C.One million years.
2.How many volunteers joined the project?
A.About 800. B.About 600. C.About 1,000.
3.What has the wall become now?
A.A symbol of the town's identity. B.A place for public meetings. C.A museum for visitors.
【答案与解析】
1.A。数字题。独白明说 stood for six hundred years,600 与 B 项 800(志愿者人数)构成跨信息干扰。数字题必须“对号入座”,不能串用。
2.A。数字题。About eight hundred volunteers,800。B 项 600 是年限串位,C 项 1,000 是虚造。听到数字立即与“它属于哪个对象”绑定。
3.A。态度/内容题。结尾 a symbol of our identity,A 项原词复现。B、C 在原文未出现。此题同时呼应本讲语义链“保护→身份认同”的最后两环。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 精品讲义2026秋高一(上)英语-新教材人教版必修二
第1讲 主题词汇图谱与听力场景
词汇+听力课(学生版)
词汇课 ● 以“遗产—威胁—保护—传承”语义链重构30个核心词,嵌入听力“数字·地点·态度”三要素微技能
一、课时安排与学习目标
【课时安排】
本讲为 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 的开篇词汇+听力课,建议120分钟(2课时连排)。第1课时:目标确认5分钟→撞墙导入10分钟→核心精讲35分钟→即时归因5分钟。第2课时:听力微技能30分钟→分层实战25分钟→互评与面批15分钟→自检固化5分钟。若无法连排,可按45分钟×2切分,C档冲刺与课后巩固转至课后完成。
【学习目标】学完本讲,你能:
1.按“遗产—威胁—保护—传承”语义链认出并说出30个核心课标词,并在句中正确使用其中8个高频词块;
2.建立“词—块—篇”三层词汇观,拿到陌生文化类语篇时知道该从哪一层下手、如何预判考点;
3.听一段文化遗产主题材料,准确抓取数字、地点、态度三要素,正确率达到85%以上;
4.说出文化类语篇的3个高考对接点:听力场景词识别、语法填空文化语篇词性转换、阅读文化类说明文同义转述。
【重难点】
重点:8个高频词块的完整形式与介词归属。难点:① worth 后接动名词却表被动的机理;② contribute to 中 to 是介词,正负语义由宾语判定;③ 听力同义转述型选项的识别(downtown→in the city centre)。
二、撞墙导入:认识不等于会用
先别翻词汇表。下面3空,凭第一反应填,填完再往下看。
1.The old temple is in danger ____ being damaged by floods.(填介词)
2.The government has taken effective measures ____ (prevent) the relics from disappearing.(填动词形式)
3.This ancient city is well worth ____ (visit) in autumn.(填动词形式)
【错因自诊·写完三空再对照】
把每一空的判断依据写下来,再往下看拆解。
1.想一想:in danger 后面应接表示“危险的内容”的介词,还是表示“危险的施加者”的介词?如果你不由自主想成 by(因为中文“被损坏”),说明你落进了“中文→被动→by”的惯性。真正的判断要看 danger 后面接的到底是什么。我的判断:________
2.想一想:take measures 后面该接 to do(表目的)还是延续 prevent...from doing?这里的“措施”和“阻止”之间,是并列关系还是“手段→目的”的关系?我的判断:________
3.想一想:worth 后面到底接 to do、doing 还是 being done?主语 the city 是“被参观的东西”还是“去参观的动作”?我判断的依据:________
【拆解·照这三点回看自己的判断】
1.回头看:in danger 后面接的是“危险的内容”还是“危险的施加者”?你的第一反应是不是被中文“被损坏”带偏,落进了“被动→by”的惯性?现在想明白 danger 后该接哪个介词了吗?
2.回头看:take measures 后面,是“手段→目的”的嵌套(采取措施的目的是阻止),还是平行延续 prevent...from?想清楚 measures 后该接什么形式了吗?
3.回头看:worth 后面,主语是“被做的事”,要用主动形式还是被动形式?你写的是不是多添了一层被动,或者把 worth 当成 want 类动词、错接 to do 了?
三处判据一摆,问题就清楚了:这些词你“认识”,但放进真实搭配就错。高考从不考你认不认识,考的是你“在语境里搭得对不对、变不变形”。这就是本讲的立论——词汇不是背出来的,是长出来的:把孤立的“点”串成语义链,把词块当最小单位去记,考场上调取的才是整条线。
三、核心精讲:语义链·词块·三层词汇观
(一)为什么必须是“语义链”,不能是“单词表”
一个词孤立地背,大脑存的是一个“点”;放进逻辑线里,它与前后词互相勾住,回忆一个就带出一串。文化类语篇的叙事逻辑高度稳定:遗产受到威胁→采取措施→保护→传承。这条链的价值不在“好记”,而在它能替你做题。
其一,阅读文化类说明文,正确答案常是原文某词的同义转述。转述靠的不是同义词表,而是语义链上的近义迁移——preserve / restore / protect 同属“保护”一环,题目把 preserve 转述成 protect,若不认这条链,就会误判为“无中生有”。
其二,完形与写作中,链上相邻环节互为上下文提示。空前提到 in danger,空后十有八九是 take measures / prevent;空前提到 citizens,空后多半是 identity / awareness。完形的“复现”线索,本质就是语义链在上下文里的回声。
错误路径演示:有学生遇到 The project aimed to ____ the old wall from further damage,填 protect 被判错(答案 preserve),不服气:“protect 也是保护啊!”区别正在链上:protect 是“防止受伤害”(通用),preserve 是“保存原貌不被破坏”(强调维持原状)。空后有 from further damage 且语境强调“原貌”,preserve 更准。记词块要连“它跟邻居的区别”一起记,而不是只记中文。
用链三步法
拿到一道文化类题,别急着逐词抠,先用三步在链上定位:第一步,找“链锚”——圈出题干或空前空后已经出现的链上词(如 in danger、take measures、heritage),判断本题落在哪一环。第二步,判“环节”——看清空位是要“保护”“威胁”还是“传承”,环节定,候选词范围就缩到一环内。第三步,选“近义”——在同一环节内挑与原文互证最紧的那个,并排除跨环节的干扰项。
以语法填空为例:空前是 in danger,空后是 being damaged,链锚“威胁”一环已经给出,那么空位十有八九是介词 of(in danger of doing)。如果你只会背 danger 这个词而不认 in danger of 这条链上的搭配,就写不出 of。这就是“链”直接变成得分点的地方。
(二)30个核心词的语义链铺开
这张表不要背成六栏,要当一条叙事线读:一座文明(civilisation)留下遗产(heritage / relics / sites),却受到威胁(in danger),于是人类采取措施(take measures)保护(preserve / restore)并珍视(treasure)它,最终把身份认同(identity)传给每一代公民(citizen)。
链上环节
核心词(按链序)
考点指向
文明源头
civilisation, dynasty, ancient, monument, temple
词性转换、名词数
遗产留存
heritage, relic, site, ruin
relic/site 可数名词,ruin 常用复数
面临威胁
danger, limit, replace, prevent
in danger of 搭配,prevent...from
采取保护
measure, fund, donate, preserve, restore, protect, contribute
take measures to do、介词归属
提升意识
promote, awareness, treasure, valuable
promote awareness of、名词派生
身份传承
identity, citizen, investigate, proposal, document, committee
派生与语境词
30词清单(按链序):heritage, relic, site, monument, ruin, temple, ancient, dynasty, civilisation, danger, limit, replace, prevent, preserve, restore, protect, measure, fund, donate, contribute, promote, awareness, treasure, valuable, identity, citizen, investigate, proposal, document, committee。高频派生:donation, preservation, contribution, attempt, balance, civilise, civilised。
(三)8个高频词块:拆到“错误路径”
每个词块按“完整形式—判据—错误路径—正例”四步走,重点落在错误路径上。
1.preserve...from “保护……免受” 完整形式:preserve+宾语+from+名词/动名词。判据:看见“保护+免受伤害”即用。错误路径:preserve...to(误当 want 类动词);preserve...from do(from 是介词,后接动名词)。正例:We should preserve the ancient walls from further damage.
2.promote awareness of “提高对……的意识” 完整形式:promote+awareness+of+名词/动名词。判据:主语是政府/机构/媒体,宾语是“意识、文化”时用 promote。错误路径:improve awareness(improve 搭配“水平、质量”,awareness 习惯配 raise / promote / increase);漏掉 of。正例:The campaign aims to promote awareness of protecting cultural relics.
3.make a contribution to “为……做贡献” 完整形式:make a contribution+to+名词/动名词(to 是介词)。判据:to 后跟动词必加 -ing,这是语填最常见挖坑点。错误路径:make a contribution to protect(误把 to 当不定式符号);单数 contribution 前漏 a。正例:Every citizen can make a contribution to protecting the old town.
4.keep a balance between...and... “在……和……之间保持平衡” 判据:两个对立项并列(发展 vs 保护)时几乎必然用 balance。错误路径:keep a balance of...and...(介词错);keep balance(缺 a)。正例:The city tries to keep a balance between development and protection.
5.donate...to... “捐赠……给……” 完整形式:donate+物+to+人/机构(及物,不带双宾语)。判据:主语是人/企业,动作是“把某物给某方”。错误路径:donate sb sth(不能带双宾语);单数 donation 前漏 a。正例:He donated a large sum of money to the museum.
6.take measures to do “采取措施做” 完整形式:take measures+to do(measures 常复数,to 后接原形表目的)。判据:政府/组织作主语、句中出现“解决问题”的意图。错误路径:take measure(漏 -s);take measures doing。正例:The government has taken effective measures to prevent further damage.
7.be worth doing “值得做” 完整形式:be worth+动名词(主动表被动)。判据:主语是“被做的事”。错误路径:be worth to do / be worth being done;worth 与 worthy 混用(be worthy to be done / of being done 是另一套)。正例:The ancient temple is well worth visiting in autumn.
8.contribute to “促成/有助于/导致” 完整形式:contribute+to+名词/动名词(to 是介词)。判据:既表“贡献(正面)”也表“导致(负面)”,看宾语定正负——宾语是 culture / progress 为正面,是 pollution / risk 则为“导致”。错误路径:contribute to do;见 contribute 一律译“贡献”,遇 Careless tourism contributes to environmental damage 就译反了。正例:Hard work contributes to success.
介词归属横向对比(本讲最易失分处)
词块
介词
后接
典型错误
preserve...from
from
名词/动名词
preserve...to
make a contribution to
to
名词/动名词
to protect(误当不定式)
contribute to
to
名词/动名词
contribute to do
in danger of
of
名词/动名词
in danger by
do harm to
to
名词
do harm for
keep a balance between
between
A and B
balance of A and B
这张表的用法:做完题,把每道错题对应的介词归属抄到旁边,考前只看这一栏。介词是文化类语篇语填的“必考户口”,to 到底是介词还是不定式符号,是本讲最关键的判断——凡是词块尾部的 to,一律按介词处理,后接动词必加 -ing。
(四)三层词汇观:词→块→篇
第一层“词”:记音形义(解决“认”)。第二层“块”:记搭配、词族、易错介词(本讲重点,解决“搭对”)。第三层“篇”:词进入语篇后会发生同义转述与词性转换(对接阅读与语填)。
示范一个词的“三级跳”:civilisation(n.文明)→ civilise(v.使文明)→ civilised(adj.文明的)。语填若给提示词 civilise,答案往往不是原型,而是派生形式;判断依据不是背后缀表,而是空格前后的语法环境:① 空前有 the / our / 形容词→名词;② 空前有 be 或 very→形容词/分词;③ 主语缺谓语→动词(再看时态语态一致);④ 空前是介词或搭配尾部(to / from / of)→动名词。
再举一例:preserve(v.保存)→ preservation(n.保存)。语填给 preserve,若空前是 the+空格+of,需派生为 preservation;若空前是 to 或 are,则保持动词并变形。判断先后顺序:先看句法空位,再决定是否派生。认识一个词,不等于会用一个词;会用,指能在篇里正确变形、正确搭配、正确转述。
(五)词块在语篇中的变式:高考怎么考
同一个词块,放进不同句式,考点就跟着变。本讲8个词块在高考里最常见的三种变式如下——
变式一:被动化 preserve...from 变被动,主语变成“被保护物”。如 The ancient walls must be preserved from further damage. 此时 preserve 与 from 被 be 动词隔开,仍是同一搭配。考点:判断被动语态后,from 不能省、不能换成 to。
变式二:名词化 make a contribution to 变名词形式 the contribution of the public to,名词化后 to 依然是介词,后接名词/动名词。语填常挖空 make a great ____ (contribute),答案 contribution,同时考 to 后接动名词。
变式三:时态化 take measures to do 常与时态搭配考。如 The government is taking measures to prevent the river from being polluted. 现在进行时 + measures 复数 + to do,三处都考。
这三个变式指向同一个核心:词块的“骨架”(介词归属)不变,变的只是外围的时态、语态、词性。你只要把介词归属记死,外围再怎么变都能应对。这就是“以不变应万变”的词汇应试观。
【即时练习·词块填空】
1.Many old towns are taking measures ____ (keep) their historic streets clean.
2.We should preserve these paintings ____ (damage) by the weather.
3.The museum called on people to make a contribution ____ protecting cultural relics.
4.It is worth ____ (visit) the ancient temple during the festival.
5.The government is trying to keep a balance ____ economic growth ____ environmental protection.
6.Too many visitors may do harm ____ the delicate murals in the caves.
【答案自查·每空写判断依据】
1.想一想:take measures 后表目的,该接什么形式?我的答案:________
2.想一想:这里要表达“免受”,from 是介词,它后面接动词要变什么形式?paintings 是被天气损坏的对象吗?我的答案:________
3.想一想:contribution 的介词归属固定是哪个词?如果后面跟着动词,正说明它是介词还是不定式符号?我的答案:________
4.想一想:worth 之后只容得下什么形式?visit 要不要变 -ing?我的答案:________
5.想一想:要填“在……与……之间”,并列的是哪两个对象?该用哪个固定搭配?我的答案:________
6.想一想:“对……有害”的固定搭配是什么?介词是 to 还是 for?我的答案:________
(六)易混词三连辨析:本讲最易考的三对“邻居”
文化类语篇里,意思相近的词成组出现,是高考命题人最爱的“坑位”。本讲挑三对,讲清“邻居之间的界墙”在哪。
第一对:protect 与 preserve protect 强调“防止伤害”,preserve 强调“维持原状、不使改变”。The museum protects the relics from theft, while the special room preserves them at a stable temperature. 保护对象可能是人(protect people),保存原貌只用 preserve(preserve the original look)。
第二对:restore 与 repair restore 指“修复并恢复原貌/原状”,repair 只指“修好能用”。古建筑修复用 restore(强调重现历史原貌),普通桌椅坏了用 repair。The workers restored the ancient temple to its original state. 若只写 repaired,就丢了“恢复原貌”这层意思。
第三对:donate 与 contribute donate 后接具体物/钱(donate money to),contribute 既接钱也接抽象(contribute to success / culture),且 to 后接动词时用 -ing。He donated 1,000 yuan to the project;Hard work contributes to success. 两词共用一个 to,介词归属相同。
错误路径演示:有学生写 protect the old look,被判不准,因为“保持原貌”不是“防止伤害”而是“使不改变”,该用 preserve the original look。记词时把“中文释义+使用场景”一起记,才能分辨这三对邻居。
四、听力微技能:数字·地点·态度三要素
(一)为什么“逐词听写”必败
短时记忆只容得下7±2个单位:等你写完上一个词,下一个信息点已经过去了。本讲只抓三类信息——数字(年份/人数/金额)、地点(事情发生在哪)、态度(说话人倾向哪个答案)。本讲不设辨音题,语音只作为听力理解的微技能出现。
错误路径演示:有学生听独白时听到 two million yuan 立刻低头写 2,000,000,结果漏掉紧随其后的 Workers from the capital arrived at the bridge,地点题丢分。原因不是没听见,而是注意力全给了“写”。正确做法:耳听—眼盯选项—手只打钩。
(二)答题三步流程
第一步预读:播放前圈出每题三个选项中的数字、地点、态度词,预判本小题抓哪一类。
第二步定位:听时只等目标词出现,其余放过。数字防两类陷阱——单位陷阱(thousand / million / hundred)与近音陷阱(thirteen / thirty,fifteen / fifty)。
第三步转述:高考听力选项极少原词复现,downtown 会转述为 in the city centre,worry 会转述为 is concerned about。听到信号词后去选项里找“意思相同”的那个,而不是“读音相同”的那个。
三要素高频信号词速记
要素
信号词
常见转述
数字
hundred, thousand, million, plus, minus, half, double, total
three hundred thousand→300,000
地点
downtown, centre, suburb, near, opposite, at the top of
downtown→in the city centre
态度
I think, worry, glad, afraid, prefer, suggest, surprised
worry→be concerned about
(三)练习·听对话,完成第1—3题
W: Have you heard that the ancient tower downtown is going to be restored?
M: Yes, the city council just approved a fund of three hundred thousand yuan for it.
W: That’s great news. But I worry the noise will bother the neighbourhood for months.
M: They promise to finish before the winter festival, so we can enjoy the celebration there.
1.Where is the ancient tower located?
A.In the city centre. B.In the suburb. C.Near the museum.
2.How much money did the city council approve for the restoration?
A.300,000 yuan. B.200,000 yuan. C.400,000 yuan.
3.What is the woman worried about?
A.The noise may bother the neighbours. B.The restoration may take too long. C.The tower may be destroyed.
【答案自查·对号入座】
1.地点题。预读圈出三个地点词,听时只等哪个信号词?它与哪个选项是“意思相同”的关系?我选:____
2.数字题。three hundred thousand 是多少?选项里改成 200,000、400,000 是哪种干扰?(漏算单位还是听错近音?)我选:____
3.态度题。抓信号词 worry 后紧接的哪个词?它对得上哪个选项?男士说的 finish before the winter festival 是回应哪一问?我选:____
口诀:数字听“多少”,地点听“在哪”,态度听“倾向”(I think / worry / glad / afraid / prefer 都是信号)。
(四)同义转述专项:三个高频“换说法”
听力失分最隐蔽的地方,是听懂了原文却选错了选项——因为选项不说原词,而说“另一种说法”。本讲听力高频转述有三组,务必先背牢再上考场:
第一组:地点词转述。 downtown → in the city centre;in the suburb → outside the city;near the museum → next to the museum。判断要点:听到方位词先想“它在城市的哪个区”,再去选项找对等说法。
第二组:态度词转述。 worry / be worried → be concerned about;be afraid → be nervous about;prefer → would rather。判断要点:态度题不考“词面”,考“说话人的立场”,信号词后紧接的内容才是立场。
第三组:数字来源转述。 half of the total → 50%;double the number → 两倍;about / nearly / over → 约/接近/超过。判断要点:听数字先判断是“总量”还是“部分”,选项常把部分当总量。
错误路径演示:有学生听到 nearly 2,000 visitors 就选 2,000,忽略了 nearly 表“接近、不足”,正确应是 about 2,000 而非 exactly 2,000。近义转述的失分,往往不是没听见,而是没抓住修饰数字的“程度词”。
(五)练习·听独白,完成第4—6题(难度递进)
Last month, a group of local residents proposed rebuilding the old theatre on Green Street. The city council is now holding a public meeting to hear people’s opinions. About two hundred citizens have already signed the proposal, and the total cost is estimated at 1.5 million yuan. Many people believe the theatre will become a new cultural landmark for the whole city.
4.What is the public meeting about?
A.Rebuilding the old theatre. B.Building a new park. C.Repairing the city hall.
5.How many citizens have signed the proposal?
A.About 200. B.About 300. C.About 1,500.
6.What do many people believe about the theatre?
A.It will be pulled down soon. B.It will become a new cultural landmark. C.It will be turned into a museum.
【答案自查·对号入座】
4.主题题。独白开头先点明的是哪个动作?A 项里哪个词与原词直接对应?B、C 为何“张冠李戴”?我选:____
5.数字题。two hundred 即多少?B 项 300 是什么干扰、C 项 1,500 是从哪句串过来的数字?我选:____
6.态度题。信号词 believe 后紧跟的内容是什么?它对应哪个选项?我选:____
五、分层实战
A档·基础过关(语境中识别并选择)
从方框中选择恰当的词块完成句子(每词块限用一次):preserve...from / promote awareness of / make a contribution to / keep a balance between...and... / donate...to / be worth doing
1.The school held a lecture to ____ the importance of protecting cultural heritage.
2.We should ____ the old documents ____ being stolen.
3.Every citizen can ____ environmental protection by saving water.
4.The city tries to ____ development ____ the protection of old buildings.
5.It is ____ the ruins of the ancient city.
6.The charity called on people to ____ books ____ children in poor areas.
【答案自查·说明理由】
1.主语是 school(机构)、宾语是 the importance,句式是“提高……的意识”,该用哪个词块?我选:________
2.前空“保护 documents”、后空由 being stolen 补出“免受偷窃”,这是哪一对搭档?我选:________
3.动作是“为环保做贡献”,contribution 后接哪个介词、再跟动名词?我选:________
4.句摆 development 与 protection 两项对立,要“保持平衡”只能架在什么结构上?我选:________
5.主语 ruins 是“被参观”对象,worth 后接什么形式?我选:________
6.前空是 donate 的宾语、后空是接受方,双空是什么框架?我选:________
B档·能力提升(填空并口述介词依据)
1.The committee has made great contributions to ____ (preserve) local traditions.
2.The ancient temple is now well protected ____ further damage.
3.It is high time that we took effective measures ____ (reduce) pollution around the heritage sites.
4.These cultural relics are worth ____ (treasure) by every generation.
5.The careless behaviour of some tourists has done great harm ____ the ancient statues.
【答案自查·口述介词归属】
1.contribution 后接的是介词还是不定式符号?介词后跟动词要变什么?我填:________
2.“免受 further damage”用哪个搭配?from 后接名词还是动名词?我填:________
3.take measures 后表目的接什么?再想:It is high time that... 后接什么时态(这是虚拟语气)?我填:________
4.主语 relics 是“被珍视”对象,worth 后接主动形式动名词还是被动?我填:________
5.do harm to 的介词固定是哪个?我填:________
C档·高考冲刺(用词块写观点并说明用词理由)
从8个词块中任选5个,写3句关于“文化遗产保护”的观点,每句用1—2个词块,并写出选用理由。
观点1:________________________________________________________________________________
选用理由:____________________________________________________________________________
观点2:________________________________________________________________________________
选用理由:____________________________________________________________________________
观点3:________________________________________________________________________________
选用理由:____________________________________________________________________________
【评分要点】
词块使用正确得60%,理由说明有逻辑得40%。面批优先批“理由”,追问“为什么这里用 promote 不用 improve”。
D档·综合运用(词义猜测+完形语境还原)
结合语义链,从语境推断划线词的含义。
1.The government set up a special committee to investigate the recent damage to the ancient wall.(investigate 的含义最接近:)
A. 调查 B. 修复 C. 保护 D. 捐赠
2.Local citizens treasure the old bridge not only for its history but also for the memories it carries.(treasure 在此句中的含义是:)
A. 珍视 B. 存放 C. 拆除 D. 重建
【答案自查·回链上定位】
1.investigate 落在链的哪一环?在“采取保护”之前先要做什么?修复、保护、捐赠分别属哪一环?我选:____
2.treasure 在链上属“珍视/传承”还是“财宝”字面义?前有 citizens、后有 for its history and memories,该定为什么?我选:____
E档·难点攻坚:worth 家族完整辨析
worth 是高考语填最高频的“坑词”之一,因为它牵扯主动被动、词性变换、句式三套规则。本讲把它一次讲全:
1.be worth doing 主语是“被做之物”,动名词用主动形式表被动。The film is worth watching.(这部电影值得一看,watch 与 film 是被动关系却用主动形式。)
2.be worthy of being done / to be done worthy 是形容词,后接 of 名词/动名词的被动式,或不定式的被动式。The film is worthy of being watched. 与 be worth watching 同义,但形式完全不同。
3.it is worthwhile doing / to do sth worthwhile 作表语,主语常是形式主语 it。It is worthwhile visiting the ancient temple. worthwhile 前可用 very / quite 修饰,worth 则不能。
错误路径演示:有学生把 be worth doing 误写成 be worth to do(当 want 用),或 be worth being done(以为要被动)。三套句式对比记忆:worth 后主动动名词,worthy 后 of being done / to be done,worthwhile 作表语接不定式或动名词。
错题留白·本讲典型错因(写完归档到自己的“易错户口本”)
课堂面批时优先盯三类错:一是介词归属错(by 代 of、to 代 from、for 代 to),这类错说明词块骨架没记牢;二是被动多余错(worth being done),说明主动表被动的机理没通;三是听力数字漏算错(漏 thousand / million),说明单位意识缺位。把这三类错集中抄到一处,形成个人“易错户口本”,比做十套题更有效。
我的“易错户口本”(抄下本讲做错的介词/形式/数字):
________________________________________
________________________________________
六、带走型收尾:三层词汇自检清单
这一讲从头到尾只做了一件事:把30个零散的“点”,串成一条“文明→威胁→保护→传承”的线,再让8个高频词块在线上站稳脚跟。你不需要记住全部30个词,需要记住的是这条链——考场上遇到文化类语篇,先问自己“我现在站在链的哪一环,下一环该出现什么词”,答案往往就顺着链自己冒出来了。
请你在课堂结束前,用30秒在心里把这条链重走一遍:文明源头(civilisation)→ 遗产留存(heritage / relics / sites)→ 面临威胁(in danger)→ 采取保护(take measures to preserve / restore)→ 提升意识(promote awareness of)→ 身份传承(treasure / identity)。能从头走到尾,本讲的词汇目标就真正落袋了。
【课堂检测·30秒口答】
1.“面临被损坏的危险”用哪个介词搭配?我的答案:________
2.“值得一看”有哪两种地道说法?我的答案:________
3.contribute to 后面的动词要变什么形式?我的答案:________
【三层词汇自检清单】
(一)语义链:civilisation → heritage / relics / sites → in danger → take measures to preserve / restore → treasure → identity。能否从头说到尾?
(二)8个高频词块能否各造一句?
(三)3个高考对接点:① 听力场景词(数字/地点/态度);② 语填文化语篇词性转换(civilisation→civilise→civilised);③ 阅读同义转述(preserve≈protect)。
口诀:词串成链、块记搭配、篇里变形——认得到、搭得对、变得出,三关过关才叫“会用”。
七、课后巩固练习
(一)巩固练习一·语法填空(题材:莫高窟的保护)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang are one of the most valuable cultural ____ 1 ____ (treasure) in China. Built over a thousand years ago, they are now in danger ____ 2 ____ being damaged by tourism and weather. In recent years, the government has taken effective measures ____ 3 ____ (preserve) these ancient paintings. Experts have worked out a careful plan, and a special committee ____ 4 ____ (set) up to carry it out last year. Many volunteers have made contributions ____ 5 ____ the protection work, and some have even ____ 6 ____ (donate) money to support it. Visitors are asked not to take photos inside the caves, because the light may do harm ____ 7 ____ the paintings. Thanks to these efforts, public ____ 8 ____ (aware) of heritage protection has been raised greatly. The caves are well worth ____ 9 ____ (visit), but every visitor should remember that ____ 10 ____ (protect) them is everyone’s duty.
【答案自查·逐空写依据】
1.one of the+最高级+名词,名词用单数还是复数?我填:________
2.in danger ____ being damaged,是哪个固定搭配?我填:________
3.take measures 后表目的接什么?我填:________
4.committee 是“被设立”对象,last year 提示什么时态、什么语态?我填:________
5.make contributions 后接哪个介词?我填:________
6.空前 have even,该用什么形式?我填:________
7.“对壁画有害”是哪个固定搭配?我填:________
8.public 是形容词,后面接 aware 的什么形式?可数还是不可数?我填:________
9.be worth doing 的固定形式,visit 变什么?我填:________
10.that 从句 is 前缺主语,用什么短语作主语?我填:________
(二)巩固练习二·词块填空(题材:一座老戏台的保护)
用本讲8个高频词块的正确形式填空,每空填1个词。
The old stage in our town is well worth ____ 1 ____ (protect). Last year it was in danger ____ 2 ____ falling down, so the local government decided to take ____ 3 ____ to repair it. They also tried to promote awareness ____ 4 ____ local opera among young people. Many villagers made a ____ 5 ____ (contribute) to the work by donating money or offering their skills.
【答案自查·串成故事线】
1.主语 the old stage 是“被保护”对象,worth 后接什么形式?我填:________
2.in danger ____ falling down,介词是?我填:________
3.主语是 local government,动作是“采取措施”,take ____ 习惯用单数还是复数?我填:________
4.promote awareness ____ local opera,固定介词是?我填:________
5.空前 a 提示填单数名词,contribute 的名词形式是?我填:________
这5空串起来,正好是一条完整的保护故事线:worth protecting(值得保护)→ in danger of(面临威胁)→ take measures(采取措施)→ promote awareness of(提升意识)→ make a contribution to(做出贡献)。你能把它从“威胁”一路填到“贡献”,说明本讲8个词块已经能在一个真实语篇里协同工作了——这正是高考语填想要的“词块在场感”。
(三)巩固练习三·语义链排序(题材:古城保护)
将下列句子按语义链的逻辑顺序重排,使短文连贯(A—E)。
A. Thanks to these efforts, the old town keeps its original look and attracts more visitors.
B. To solve this, the local government took measures to restore the ancient walls.
C. The old town with a long history is now in danger of losing its charm.
D. Citizens also donated money and promoted awareness of heritage protection.
E. Every resident treasures the town as part of their identity.
【答案自查·按链定位】
正确顺序(写字母):________。判据提示:哪句抛“面临威胁”(in danger)?哪句接“采取措施”(take measures)?哪句接“资金与意识”(donate / awareness)?哪句收束于“身份认同与传承”(treasure / identity)?
(四)巩固练习四·听力微技能迁移
听一段关于古城修复的独白,完成第1—3题。
Our town has a long history. Last year, the local government decided to repair the old city wall, which had stood for six hundred years. About eight hundred volunteers joined the project. To preserve the wall from further damage, workers covered it with special materials. Many citizens donated money, and the whole project cost one million yuan. Now the wall has become a symbol of our identity, and visitors from all over the country come to see it.
1.How long has the old city wall stood?
A.Six hundred years. B.Eight hundred years. C.One million years.
2.How many volunteers joined the project?
A.About 800. B.About 600. C.About 1,000.
3.What has the wall become now?
A.A symbol of the town’s identity. B.A place for public meetings. C.A museum for visitors.
【答案自查·对号入座】
1.数字题。stood for 后面跟的是什么?B 项 800 是哪个对象的人数?数字必须“对号入座”。我选:____
2.数字题。About eight hundred volunteers,800 属于谁?600 从哪串来、1,000 是真造还是虚造?我选:____
3.内容题。结尾 a symbol of our identity 对应哪项?这同时呼应语义链的哪两环?我选:____
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