专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）九年级英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）“CUT!” barks the director, and chaos erupts at a film studio in Los Angeles. Actors rush off to change their costumes, while crew members hurry to arrange new stage items. It is only the second day of filming and they have already packed in a week’s worth of cliffhangers (悬念). Filming a micro-drama, the latest new-media format to emerge from China, is just as fast-paced as watching one. “It’s soaps on steroids (激素),” a screenwriter explains. Micro-dramas are mini soap operas designed for the smartphone generation. Episodes are filmed in a vertical format and last just over a minute each. The acting tends to be overly dramatic, the storylines often crazy, with titles like “The Ordinary Student’s Sudden Royal Heritage”. But the bite-sized stories are perfect for China’s many young working professionals: long trips to and from work and tiring schedules leave little time for binge-watching box-sets on the sofa. A single micro-drama can cost over $10 to watch, with the first few episodes free of charge and the rest behind a paywall. Yet viewers have been willing to pay good money for it. This has fueled domestic enthusiasm: larger film companies are stepping in to expand production, while more traditional streaming platforms are setting up their own micro-drama channels. Now many apps are spreading the love, delivering micro-dramas to new audiences outside China. They don’t just translate Chinese series but also create original content with foreign actors, writers and directors. However, due to cultural differences, overseas actors sometimes struggle to understand why Chinese producers insist on sticking to cheesy tropes (俗气的桥段) and over-the-top acting. Nevertheless, micro-drama apps have reached a total of nearly 55 million downloads and $170 million in receipts overseas, according to iiMedia Research, a data provider. These vertical shorts don’t seem like a flash in the pan. Sometimes less really is more. 1．What is a feature of micro-dramas’ filming according to the text? A．It adopts a high-tech style. B．It requires significant funds. C．It is a highly efficient process. D．It involves numerous instructions. 2．Why are micro-dramas ideal for China’s young workforce? A．They are insightful to watch. B．They fit well with their busy schedules. C．They provide free episodes to viewers. D．They mirror the lives of young people. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Soap Operas Develop Quickly in Digital Era B．Chinese Film Industry Sees a New Transformation C．Micro-Dramas Bring More Opportunities to the World D．China’s Micro-Dramas Will Enjoy Long-Term Success Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent who was me, by the way, just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views—for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 1．How did the author feel about the author’s daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 2．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 3．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）In addition to applying (申请) for a traditional guide dog, the visually impaired (视障者) will soon have another choice to help with their daily life—a robot guide dog. The six-legged robot guide dog developed by the School of Mechanical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, now being tested, can navigate (导航) users to destinations safely. It also has voice interaction (互动) abilities and can recognize (识别) traffic lights, which traditional guide dogs cannot do. Now there are millions of visually impaired people in China. They face many problems and need help in their daily life. Guide dogs are important life partners but not everyone is lucky enough to have a traditional companion. “There are only about 400 guide dogs in China. People have to wait for a long time after applying for a guide dog. The cost of training the dogs is very high and the continuous daily cost for users is high, too. This can be another burden (负担) for them,” said Gao Feng, a professor and head of the research development team at the university. The research in robot guide dogs dates back to June 2021. Gao points out that with six legs, the robot guide dog can walk smoothly with high stability (稳定性) and low noise, which is important and friendly to the users. With cameras, sensors and artificial intelligence technologies, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with users for daily journeys outside and be an assistant at home. Moreover, users can control the walking and running speed of the robot dog. “China’s walking robots are developing rapidly. Now we can produce robot guide dogs at good quality and a low price. We can mass-produce (批量生产) them based on market demand (需求),” said Gao. “The research teams are thoughtful and considerate, and keep making updates. As the robot dog is electronic, it will make it easier to get into public places than with traditional guide dogs.” Zhang is a visually impaired person. “I will probably try the robot guide dog. Robot dogs can be very precise (精确) and reliable as they seldom make mistakes,” said Zhang. Robot dogs can also guide and accompany people with Alzheimer’s disease, in which the team sees great future demand and potential, according to Gao. 1．What can the robot guide dog do? A．It can talk with the traditional guide dogs. B．It can help traditional guide dogs recognize traffic lights. C．It can listen and speak with its owner. D．It can recognize its owner with the help of the police. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The advantages of the robot guide dogs. B．The history of the robot guide dogs. C．The function of AI technologies. D．The rules of using the robot guide dogs. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Technology cannot support the mass production of robot dogs. B．People must spend a long time training the robot dogs. C．The robot dogs can control the walking speed by themselves. D．The robot dogs are helpful and will be greatly needed in the future. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）You hit snooze (再睡一会儿) again. You avoid the hard task, calling it “self-care.” Maybe you order your favorite comfort food or spend hours watching online. For a moment, it feels good. But later? You’re behind, still stressed, and a little disappointed in yourself. We’ve all been there. The popular idea of self-care tells us it’s okay to skip (不参加) workouts or scroll on our phones (刷手机) because “you deserve (值得) it.” But comfort isn’t the same thing as care. Psychologist Todd Kashdan has a name for this—avoidance. It helps you feel better in the moment but leaves you further from your goals and less confident in yourself. Real self-care means doing the things that build you up, even when they’re hard in the moment. It might mean getting up when the alarm goes off instead of hitting snooze, or doing the most meaningful task first especially when it is hard. This kind of self-care builds not just self-control, but self-respect. And over time, that grows into self-love. Research backs this up. Psychologist Hal Hershfield has shown that when we feel connected to our future selves, we make smarter choices today. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan found that we do well when our goals match our deeper values. And Albert Bandura proved that confidence doesn’t come from avoiding challenges—it comes from mastering them. However, self-care isn’t all about doing hard things. Rest is also important but the key is being intentional (有目的的): taking a break because it refreshes you, not because you’re avoiding something difficult. Rest doesn’t have to mean lying on the couch. It might look like having dinner with your family, making time for a yoga class that leaves you centered, or setting aside a tech-free Sunday. Real self-care takes courage. Sometimes it means doing the hard thing. Other times, it means having the wisdom to pause. Next time, before making a choice, ask yourself—what will I be proud I did today? What will I wish I had done this week? These small questions move you from short-term comfort to long-term well-being. It connects today’s choices to the person you want to become tomorrow. Do the hard thing today so tomorrow you can look in the mirror with pride. 1．What can we learn about self-care? A．It means doing hard things to enjoy comfort later. B．It’s about doing what feels good at the moment. C．It means putting off difficult tasks to avoid stress. D．It includes effort and proper rest with a clear purpose. 2．Why does the writer mention three findings in Paragraph 4? A．To question the benefits of self-care. B．To support the idea of real self-care. C．To explain how to practice self-care. D．To show different opinions about self-care. 3．What does the word “pause” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Stop for a short time. B．Begin something new. C．Focus on one task. D．Keep trying. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Easy Path to Pride B．Self-Care or Avoidance? C．Beyond Comfort: What Real Self-Care Is D．Why Comfort Feels Good but Doesn’t Help Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）When I write, knowing someone will read it, something changes. Having readers forces me to think harder about what I’m trying to say. That’s the audience effect at play. The presence of others changes what we choose to do and who we choose to be, and we become different people when we know we’re being watched. Our brains evolved (进化) to care deeply about social standing. When we sense we’re being observed, our neural (神经的) networks change into “performance mode.” In our brains, the areas connected with inner drive quiet down while areas processing social feedback (反馈) light up. This neurological change explains why an audience changes our decision-making. Once you know about the audience effect, you’ll notice how it plays out everywhere. In creative work, for example, an audience can give you the focus you need to turn ideas into great work. But it can also push you to just “be average” to please others—instead of being truly creative. Similar effects appear in career decisions. Worrying about our audience, even if that audience is just your parents, can make you choose paths (小路) that look impressive on the outside but do not bring real satisfaction. The audience effect is hard to deal with because of feedback. When we receive praise or likes for audience-focused choices, we slowly start to value what pleases others more than what pleases ourselves. Over time, we forget what we wanted before we started performing for others. However, you can’t eliminate (消除) the influence of having an audience, and you actually wouldn’t want to. In fact, it can be useful if we learn how to manage it. One way is to be careful about whose opinions we care about. Instead of trying to please everyone, we should focus on the people whose opinions actually matter. Another way is to keep both audience-focused and audience-free creative spaces. Share your progress, but also work on projects no one will see. When you make a choice—like what to write, share, or study—stop and ask yourself: “Am I doing this for me, or just to please others?” When you recognize the audience effect, you can use it to gain focus and energy without losing your true self. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The reason for the audience effect. B．The downsides of the audience effect. C．The examples of the audience effect. D．The importance of the audience effect. 2．Which of the following situations best shows the audience effect? A．Sharing photos online to record life. B．Jogging in the park to enjoy the fresh air. C．Playing hard in the game because of others’ cheers. D．Preparing the speech carefully to understand it better. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why people care so much about social standing. B．To show that the audience effect is harmful and should be avoided. C．To give examples of how the audience effect influences our daily life. D．To remind readers to manage the audience effect without losing their true selves. Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）Does life sometimes seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times, for example, do you find yourself saying things like “I really don’t understand this maths problem”, or “I can’t get into the school team.” Well, maybe it’s time to introduce yourself to the power of “yet”. By adding this simple word, you can change everything. “I really don’t understand this maths problem yet,” “I can’t get into the school team yet.” Suddenly, the impossible becomes possible. You can start to imagine those things happening in the future. The word “yet” can open your mind to the possibility of improvement and growth. A good example comes from a school that changed the way it marks exams. The school found out that the old pass/fail system wasn’t helping students’ motivation (积极性). If you passed, then great, but those students who didn’t pass often felt like failures. Now, students who don’t pass the exams will not see a big red F on their papers; they see a “not yet” instead. This small change sends a powerful message that learning is a process (过程). Students feel they are on a journey. They haven’t reached the final goal, but they know that they are going the right way and just need more time and effort. This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don’t concentrate on failure. They aren’t worried about not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. However, people who just focus on failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. They don’t think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. But don’t worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset. The good news is that mindsets don’t go on forever; they can be changed. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can’t or you haven’t done it before. It’s one small but very powerful word that can reshape your attitude towards life’s challenges. 1．Why does the writer introduce an example in Paragraph 2? A．To express a feeling. B．To describe a problem. C．To show the result. D．To support the idea. 2．What do the words “concentrate on” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Get used to. B．Look forward to. C．Pay attention to. D．Make a difference to. 3．According to the passage, what is important in developing a growth mindset? A．Realizing that we should set a final goal. B．Accepting that there are things we cannot do. C．Knowing that we can avoid failures with effort. D．Believing that our abilities can be improved over time. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．The Power of “yet”. B．Two Different Mindsets. C．The Challenge of Growth. D．On the Way to Success. Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）“Wow! Look at that! Isn’t it a real fish?” The bionic (仿生) fish, named “Jinlin”, was developed by researchers at Shanghai Ocean University. This invention isn’t just for fun. The AI-powered bionic fish “Jinlin” can help collect information about water quality, providing key support for water environment protection. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics. Over millions of years, animals and plants have developed smart ways to survive. For example, kingfishers are experts at moving fast with very little noise. Through their study, scientists discovered that the birds’ long beaks (喙) enabled this ability. Then they used the knowledge to change the front of the high-speed train. This change cut down the noise level, increased speed by 10% and greatly saved energy. This combination (结合) of biology and engineering is the key to success in bionics. And it has set the stage for the rise of other new technologies. Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly. In medicine, bionic arms can work similarly to real arms. Sensors allow the user to “feel” touch and pressure. Motors help the bionic arms make movements like human muscles. With AI, the bionic arms are able to “learn” new tasks and become smarter over time. This invention is an example to show how bionics bridges biology and new technologies to solve humans’ problems. Although so much progress has been made, bionics faces challenges. Nature’s designs are hard to copy perfectly. As for bionic arms, one key area of development is the Brain-Computer Interface (脑机接口). More work on direct communication between the brain and bionic arms is required to control movements as naturally as real arms. Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures which can sense and repair themselves. While there’s still a long way to go, the future of bionics is full of possibilities. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Maybe you’ll be the next one to change the world! 1．Why was the bionic fish “Jinlin” developed by researchers? A．To help with environmental work. B．To learn how to swim like a real fish. C．To provide a new kind of toy for kids. D．To help people better keep fish at home. 2．Which of the following shows the use of bionics? A．Drawing a picture of birds by watching real birds. B．Building a house by using natural wood materials. C．Designing a camera by copying some insects’ eyes. D．Learning to dance by studying monkeys’ movements. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bionics is a science that copies animals’ appearance most. B．Robotics and AI have developed fast because of bionics. C．Bionic arms can already work as naturally as real ones. D．It is challenging to exactly reproduce nature’s designs. Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）Do you remember where you were when you heard about a traffic accident involving a close friend? The answer is probably yes. Do you remember what you were doing on your birthday that year? You may have to think a little harder. People remember bad memories more easily and in greater detail than good ones. Why is that? A new study found that people do this because of evolutionary (进化的) reasons. Elizabeth Kensinger and her partners at Boston College, US, did a study looking at this. They found that negative (消极的) feelings like fear and sadness cause an increase in brain activity. This activity happens in the part of the brain that controls memories. So memories caused by negative feelings are kept in greater detail than other kinds of memories. For example, after seeing a man on a street holding a knife, people remember the knife clearly, but they forget the details of the street. According to Kensinger, it is easy to understand this from an evolutionary point of view. She said that people pay attention to dangerous information so they can use that information to guide their actions and save their lives. They can also use it to plan for similar events in the future. The scientists say more studies are needed on how we remember bad memories. This line of research could help solve stress disorders. In short, the reason we remember bad things more firmly and clearly is actually a “survival skill” passed down to us by our ancestors. Our brains pay extra attention to dangerous information to help us avoid harm and survive better. However, there are still many details behind this waiting for scientists to discover. Now, when you think of the bad things that left a deep impression on you, do you understand why your brain “makes a point to remember” them? 1．Good memories are remembered ________ than bad ones. A．longer B．less often C．more easily D．more in detail 2．When a girl breaks into tears, ________. A．her brain activity will increase B．she probably has a stress disorder C．she can control her memories well D．her brain activity will be kept in great detail 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Brain activity controls memories B．How we remember bad memories C．Bad memories are easier to remember D．Bad memories can cause stress disorders Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）Changing who we are inside It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine (疫苗) before birth to stop them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some controversy (争议). In an online video posted on Nov 26, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies. The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV (艾滋病病毒). The twins’ genes were edited in order to keep them from being infected by HIV. He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in the world. “I feel such a strong responsibility not only to be the first to do this, but also to set an example.” He told AP. But his actions raised many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical (道德的) to use it on humans. Some believe that gene editing could benefit HIV patients. HIV is “a major and growing public health threat (威胁),” according to Harvard Medical School George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “justifiable (无可非议的).” Church told AP. However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental stages and could result in unexpected mutations (突变). It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer, Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News. Besides, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has worked with other departments to investigate He Jiankui’s project. In an open letter released on Nov 27,140 Chinese HIV researchers described the research as “unethical”. They questioned the need for He Jiankui’s project. Others fear that some wealthy people might use gene editing technology to make “designer babies (定制宝宝)”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to their intelligence. “You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades (升级)’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality (不平等) than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News. 1．What do we know about He Jiankui? A．He was the first person to edit genes. B．He was the first person whose genes were edited. C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies. D．He cured twins with HIV when he edited their genes. 2．What does the word “infected” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Cured. B．Attacked. C．Discovered. D．protected. 3．Julian Savulescu said gene editing ________. A．can cure disease B．will raise ethical questions C．may lead to greater inequality D．may cause unexpected mutations 4．According to the story, we know that gene editing is ________. A．justifiable to use B．still controversial C．good for everyone D．good for wealthy people Passage 10 （25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes. “The ear is a good place to monitor (监控),” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores (毛孔). To collect the gases, Johnson and his team chose earmuffs that make a tight seal (密封) with the head. These are the type people often wear to protect the ears from loud noise. His team made two holes in the muff covering one ear. A tube slowly pumped (用泵输送) air in one hole. Another tube pulled air out of the second hole and sent it to a sensor. In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol(酒精) coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk. The team invited three men. Each had to avoid drinking alcohol for at least three days before taking part. Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as the system recorded normal gas levels leaving their ears. Afterward, the men drank a big amount of alcohol. About 7 minutes later, the earmuff system tested out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. After 50 minutes, alcohol levels reached the top and continued falling until the test was over. The team then measured other gases by changing out the sensor. With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease. Later, they replaced the earmuffs with a one-eared version to make it a bit more comfortable. Johnson imagines another possible benefit. The earmuff system could help doctors tell whether a child’s ear infections (感染) have been caused by bacteria or a virus. How? Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease. 1．What makes the ear a good place to monitor? A．Its small size. B．Its thin skin. C．Its clean surface. D．Its blood flow. 2．The word “exudes” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”. A．collects B．gives off C．cuts off D．uses 3．What did Johnson and his team find in their tests? A．Sensors should be examined in time. B．Drunk-driving tests were ineffective. C．Their system could be used to tell diseases. D．Serious diseases were difficult to recognize. Passage 11 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）Have you ever wondered why some teams work so well together while others struggle (努力争取) to reach agreements? A recent study led by researchers from Keio University in Japan might hold the key to this question. It shows that when people work closely together on a shared task, their brains actually “sync up”. This fascinating discovery belongs to the field of second-person neuroscience, a new area focusing on how two people’s brains work together during social activities. To carry out this research, scientists used a technology called hyper-scanning (超扫描技术), which records the brain activity of multiple people at the same time and compares their brain reactions. The experiment involved 78 participants, divided into 39 pairs. Each pair faced a creative challenge: designing and furnishing a unique digital room within a specially developed computer game. They could work together without strict time limits and were asked to use minimal verbal (最低限度的言语) communication, allowing researchers to focus on non-verbal interactions. Additionally, each participant completed the same task alone on a separate occasion, helping researchers compare and study brain activity differences between solo and group work. During the experiment, researchers not only videotaped each pair’s work process but also had every participant wear special headgear. This headgear is a special tool for the research, which helps researchers to get correct results and to monitor their brain neurons (神经元). The brain neurons are basic cells that transmit and process information in the human brain. The headgear continuously tracked how neurons reacted when participants discussed ideas or made decisions, while the videos recorded how often and how long each pair made eye contact. After collecting all data, researchers presented their findings in a detailed chart, showing a clear correlation (相关性) between eye contact duration (时长) and brain synchronization levels. The results were surprising. When working in pairs, specific groups of neurons in one person’s brain would activate, and almost the same group would become active in their partner’s brain. Yasuyo Minagawa, the lead researcher, described this rare coupling as “two brains functioning as a single, coordinated system.” This special neural coupling, called “between-brain synchronization,” became significantly stronger when both participants looked directly at each other, leading the team to conclude that mutual (相互的) eye contact plays a key role in improving understanding of each other’s hidden intentions and true emotions. Minagawa also noted that this finding fits with the well-known “we mode” (“我们模式”) phenomenon, where two people working together seem to “share a mind” and react to situations similarly. Looking ahead, the research team plans to further explore how other common social interactions, such as face-to-face conversations and small facial expressions, influence brain function. They hope future studies will uncover more secrets about how human connections shape and even change our neural activity patterns. 1．Why did the research team ask participants not to talk too much during the experiment? A．To study how unspoken signals help people work as a team successfully. B．To prevent different languages from getting in the way of their work. C．To challenge the participants’ ability to solve problems under great pressure. D．To prove that not speaking is a better way to communicate than talking. 2．What can we infer about “second-person neuroscience” from the passage? A．It has replaced traditional brain research methods. B．It studies the communication between people instead of single brains. C．It is a new field with no practical uses now. D．It can only be carried out by hyper-scanning technology. 3．What does the underlined word “synchronization” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Separation. B．Difference. C．Independence. D．Connection. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How a Brain Experiment Helps Improve Teamwork B．Eye contact Alone makes Teams More successful C．A Study: Team Understanding Improves When People Really Look at Each Other D．Second-person Neuroscience Explains How Team Brains Work Together Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public, and worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment, and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum. The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. 1．Considering Johnson’s worry, the author is ________. A．supportive B．unconcerned C．unsure D．excited 2．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing? A．His influence in physics. B．The competition in the field. C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies. 3．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in the city, where poor air quality and noise pollution are common, and there is little chance to connect with nature. People may prefer going outdoors and enjoying the health benefits of being in nature. So, don’t be surprised that your doctor gives you a prescription (处方) for parks instead of pills. Nature prescribing, gaining its popularity recently, involves a doctor encouraging patients to spend time in nature as a health activity. The nature-based activities have developed as an effective healthcare treatment to improve people’s well-being. What are the nature prescriptions like? Well, doctors may give patients a variety of choices. Patients may choose direct exposure (接触) to nature, by using a natural space for running, walking, open-water swimming, or other physical activities. Other times, the exposure to nature might not be that obvious, such as biking along a path near a river on the way to work. Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects. For example, they can help build birdhouses in forests, which provide a safe space for birds to live in and raise their young. Research into nature prescribing activities has found that participants experience both physical and mental health benefits. For example, nature-based activities can result in a reduction of blood pressure and better heart health. Besides, spending time in nature has been linked to lower levels of stress and anxiety. Not only that, an outdoor program in nature involving a group of people can also reduce feelings of loneliness among participants. Nature prescribing has been carried out successfully throughout the world. For example, in England, the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust runs the Blue Prescribing Project. The project provides opportunities for people with poor mental health in London to enjoy the wetland environment. This has led to great improvement of their situation. However, there are still several challenges when nature prescribing is adapted to different settings. One major difficulty is the need to train qualified health providers who can organize effective activities, which takes time and requires money. Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs. 1．If patients want to take part in nature prescribing activities, they can ________. A．swim for hours in an indoor swimming pool B．paint birds and flowers at community libraries C．plant trees in the local park near their houses D．watch environmental protection programs on TV 2．What do you know about nature prescribing from the passage? A．It can never take the place of having medicine. B．It fails to benefit patients when carried out in London. C．It works much better for physical health. D．It requires further development to meet different needs other than mental health. 3．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．From pills to parks: the influence of nature on health B．A step into the wild: the time to protect our planet C．A trip through forests: a chance to enjoy the beauty D．From indoors to outdoors: an active way to relax Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）For a long time, people thought that when children became teenagers, parents should step back. But new studies show something different. The teenage years are not a time for parents to be less involved. Instead, they are a time to stay connected, just in new ways. From Boss to Guide Parents often act like “managers”. They tell their teens what to do and make all the decisions. However, research now suggests a better role: be a “guide”. A guide does not give orders. A guide offers advice when the teen asks for it. A guide respects that the teenager is becoming more independent but is still there to help. This way, parents use their influence through a strong relationship, not through strict control. The Growing Teen Brain Why do teenagers sometimes act unreasonably or have strong mood swings (起伏)? Brain science gives us an answer. The part of the brain that controls good judgment and decision-making is still developing in the teen years. This means that a teen’s sometimes risky or emotional behavior is not just them being difficult—it is a normal part of brain development. Knowing this can help parents be more patient. They can focus on helping their teens learn to make good choices while the brain is still learning how. What Teenagers Need to Do Experts say that all teenagers are working on four important tasks as they grow up: • Be Their Own Person: They want to make their own choices. • Discover Who They Are: They try out different ideas to find their identity (身份). • Become More Independent: They naturally create some distance from their parents. • Make Close Friends: They build strong friendships outside the family. When parents understand these tasks, they can see their teen’s behavior differently. Arguing about a small rule might really be about the teen’s need for more independence. This new view can reduce fights and help parents support their child’s growth. One of the most powerful findings is about empathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Studies show that when teenagers feel understood and listened to by their parents, they are more likely to be understanding and kind to others. Simply listening to a teen’s feelings without immediately judging or solving the problem can build great trust. This kind of connection makes the teenage years easier and helps build a strong, positive relationship for the future. In summary, these new ideas give parents a more hopeful way to see the teenage years. By being a guide instead of a boss, understanding the teen brain, supporting their growth tasks, and listening with empathy, parents can turn these years into a time of positive growth and a closer bond (联结). 1．According to the passage, which of the following actions best shows the parent’s role as a “guide”? A．Making a strict daily schedule for the teen to follow. B．Giving clear instructions on how to solve a problem step by step. C．Offering advice when the teen needs help with a friendship problem. D．Telling the teen that his new interest won’t last long and will pass. 2．According to brain science, why do teenagers sometimes have strong mood swings? A．Because they want to make their parents angry. B．Because they lack communication with their parents. C．Because they spend too much time with emotional friends. D．Because their brain’s area for good judgement is still developing. 3．What is the best heading for Paragraph 6? A．The Importance of Understanding B．The Power of Listening C．The Benefit of Connecting D．The Ways of Sharing 4．Which of the following may the writer most likely agree with? A．Parents should strictly manage their teenagers’ lives to keep them safe. B．A teenager’s need to make their own choices is a natural part of growth. C．The main goal of the teenage years is to get good grades for the future. D．It is hard to build a close bond with teenagers because of their brain. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）Technology is becoming more and more common in the classroom and, as a result, students favor typed (打字的) notes over handwritten ones. Electronic note-taking attracts students with its speed, digital storage, and sharing convenience. But questions remain: Are typed notes actually helping students learn? And how do they compare to handwritten note-taking? Each method has its advantages and challenges. Recent research has examined these two methods and tried to find out which method truly improves learning and memory. An interesting research looked at 24 studies to see how note-taking methods affected (影响) the volume (数量) of notes taken and test performance. Across all of the studies included in the research, typed notes led to students taking a greater amount of notes. Specifically, electronic notes contained (包含) many more words and ideas from the lesson than handwritten notes. This is most likely due to the fact that writing by hand is much slower than typing. As a result, students often can’t keep up with the lesson when they are writing and may end up summarizing the content or even cutting parts out. However, it was handwritten notes that actually led to better test outcomes. As previously stated, students can usually type faster than they write, which makes them more likely to take down notes word-for-word. Conversely (相反), handwritten notes are usually paraphrased (改述) and catch the personal style of the student. This may let them directly put their heart into the material and only take down the most important points. As a result, connections are made between lesson content and students’ existing (存在的) knowledge, leading to deep learning. We’ve seen that handwritten notes lead to better exam scores, but what other practices can students use in their note-taking to achieve the best test outcomes overall? Handwritten notes may lead to better outcomes because students would think carefully about what they hear and write it down in their own words. So don’t take down notes verbatim. Instead of mindlessly copying down what the teacher says, students should paraphrase material, which may result in deeper learning. Research also suggests that the benefits of pen and paper notes extend (延伸) even further after a review. If students have an opportunity to look over their notes before an exam, they are likely to score higher. The best learning methods encourage direct engagement (连接) with material. While typed notes allow for greater volume, they often lead to passive, verbatim recording. For better test performance, handwritten notes are preferable, as they improve deeper learning by helping students to paraphrase content in their own words. 1．According to the passage, people do the research to ________. A．find out who can type fastest B．prove typing is faster than writing by hand C．introduce a new way of taking notes D．explain how note-taking methods affect learning 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Handwritten notes contained more words and ideas. B．Handwritten notes can help make deep learning happen. C．People take down notes in their own words when they are typing. D．People can take more passive notes when writing by hand. 3．What does the underlined word “verbatim” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Little by little. B．Hand in hand. C．Word for word. D．Side by side. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To describe the importance of technology in the learning process. B．To prove typed notes are better than handwritten notes in many ways. C．To explain why students choose to use different note-taking methods D．To encourage students to take handwritten notes for better learning. Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）Close your eyes and imagine a white teapot. Most people can easily “see” its shape, shine, and even small details (细节). But for 1 in 50 to 100 people worldwide, this simple task is impossible—their minds stay completely blank, like a screen that never turns on. Scientists call this condition “aphantasia”, the inability to actively make mental images (心理意象). Aphantasia might sound like it stops people from being good at visual (视觉的) things. But many people with this condition have done very well in jobs that use vision. One famous example is Ed Catmull, co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios, the well-known animation studio behind movies like Toy Story and Finding Nemo. He didn’t know he had aphantasia until he was in his 60s, when someone asked him to imagine a burning candle, and he suddenly realized he had never “seen” a real picture in his mind. Curious about his unusual experience, Ed asked his workmates some questions at Pixar. The results were surprising: about 3% of them reported having little or no mental imagery, while another 3% described having extremely vivid images—so clear and detailed that some said it was like “watching a movie on a big screen”. Most shocking of all, some of Pixar’s best artists and animators were in the “no mental images” group. This finding raised a key question: Do you really need mental images to be creative in visual jobs? To answer this question, scientists needed real proof. In 2023, a team at the University of New South Wales designed a clever experiment to solve this problem. They looked at and recorded participants’ pupil (瞳孔) sizes while showing them bright and dark triangles, carefully watching how their eyes naturally reacted to light changes. Normally, pupils get smaller by themselves in bright light and expand (扩大) in soft light— and this happens even when people just imagine bright or dark objects. However, when people with aphantasia tried to imagine the triangles, their pupils showed no reaction at all. This physical fact provided clear proof that their minds truly don’t create mental images in the same way as other people. This difference makes them find other ways to understand visual things—like using words to describe something, or thinking about space. As Ed Catmull said: “A problem would go somewhere in my brain, and I could work on it even without conscious (有意识的) pictures.” Just like computers process data without “seeing” it, our brains can also understand and create things—even without mental images. Those pictures in our minds might just be a “side effect” of how the brain works. They aren’t the only way we understand the world, or the only way we create things. 1．Which of the following best shows someone with aphantasia? A．A person who designs buildings without imagining them first. B．A person who depends on mental imagery to take good photos. C．A person who can’t remember stories without picturing them. D．A person who uses drawings to explain difficult ideas clearly. 2．What can we learn about people with aphantasia from Ed’s example? A．They develop stronger other senses. B．They may not notice their difference. C．They prefer using words over pictures. D．Their brains process images more slowly. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain how the human brain forms mental images. B．To describe what aphantasia is and its influence on jobs. C．To argue that mental images are not necessary for creativity. D．To introduce how mental images affect people’s creative work. Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）Soft robots are a new and exciting type of robot. They are very different from the traditional robots you might see in factories. Those robots are often made from hard metal and plastic, but soft robots are built from special and bendable (可弯曲的) materials. These new materials can bend, stretch, and change shapes, making new robots real “Transformers”. Because they are so soft and flexible, they can move through very narrow spaces and complex (复杂的) paths. This makes them perfect for tasks inside the human body, where they can travel without causing any damage (危害). However, for a long time, scientists faced a big challenge. It was very difficult to add sensors to these soft robots. Sensors are like the robot’s “eyes” and “ears”; they help the robot understand its environment. Without them, the robot couldn’t be truly useful. Researcher Larry Cheng from Penn State University explained, “The key was making them smart. We needed robots that could sense the world around them and then act independently.” The solution to this problem was to create special electronic parts that can also bend. Traditional electronics are hard and stiff, and they would stop the soft robot from moving properly. Cheng’s team worked on a new design. They used soft and bendable electronics and spread them across the robot’s body like a net. They also added tiny magnetic (磁性的) materials inside the robot’s soft body. Now, by using magnets from the outside, doctors or rescuers can control the robot wirelessly. The robot can crawl, roll, and twist, all without needing any batteries or wires. Of course, developing this technology was not easy. The team had to solve two main problems. First, even bendable electronics were still much harder than the robot’s very soft material. Cheng described their creative solution: “We put the electronics together like puzzle pieces. This way, they could fit and connect with each other but still bent when the robot moved.” The second problem was that the magnetic fields used for control could interfere with the electronic signals. As a result, sensors can’t be connected with the signals. To fix this, the team had to carefully redesign the circuit (电路) to protect them from the magnets, making sure that the sensors stay accurate (准确的). Thanks to these improvements, these smart soft robots can now work with much less human guidance. Imagine an earthquake rescue scene: a small, soft robot could go through the cracks in the damaged buildings to find the injured people who are unable to escape out by sensing their body heat. In medicine, the applications are even more amazing. A medical version could sense chemical changes in the body and carry drugs exactly to the place that needs treatment. Researchers are already developing a robot as small as a pill: “It could go into a patient’s body,” said Korean scientist Suk-Won Hwang, Cheng’s partner. “It could then examine the working system inside the body, collect samples, or even treat diseases without any operation or cut.” Looking even further into the future, the team plans to create tiny new soft robots for blood tubes treatments. “If we can make them small enough to get into blood tubes, they could help repair heart problems or carry medicine directly to cancer cells,” Cheng described. These future robots don’t have names yet. There is a fun idea that the public might help suggest names for them. When asked about this naming possibility, Cheng laughed and said, “That’s a fun idea!” It seems that the future of soft robots is not only smart but also full of creativity. 1．What is the biggest advantage of soft robots? A．Simple control. B．Cheap and soft materials. C．Attractive designs. D．Free movements in narrow spaces. 2．What do the underlined words “interfere with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Connect. B．Avoid. C．Jam. D．Influence. 3．What can we learn about future medical treatments in paragraph 5? A．Robots will replace doctors. B．Treatment costs will fall a lot. C．Patients may not need drugs any more. D．Certain operations may become unnecessary. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Robots That Can Sense Their World B．Robots for Rescue and Medical Care C．A New Robot: Bending into the Future D．A Little Doctor: Robots in Future Medicine Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）What if, whenever we faced any challenge, we stopped and asked, “What if?” What if we challenged the rules and started thinking outside the box? Thinking outside the box is a metaphor (隐喻) often used to describe different, or creative thinking. It shows up in simple things like using paper to make crafts—instead of just writing on them—for example. According to Fast Company, the term came into use in the 1970s. Management consultants (顾问) would give clients a 9-dot puzzle and ask them to connect the dots with only 4 lines. Naturally, this task requires some lateral thinking (跨界思维), so the consultants would encourage their clients to “think outside the box.” In this case, in order to come up with an innovative solution, they needed to look beyond the box and create something else. One thing stands out for us from this exercise. At first, you see a box. To draw those 4 lines, you have to first use up all the ways within the box. Only then can you realize that the problem is the box itself. You come to that realization after understanding the box and uncovering its limitations. To think outside the box is to fully understand the current situation—then challenge it. Thinking outside the box helps you to solve challenging problems. It allows you to look beyond a narrow view to find answers that would not exist otherwise. Thinking outside the box also forces you to widen your horizon. And when you widen your horizon, you become aware of opportunities. Diversity of experience, divergent thinking (发散思维), and a willingness to take risks encourage people to grow. Thinking small keeps us small. When we stay within our comfort zone, taking risks, growing, and challenging the norm all seem much more frightening. To become an effective leader, or a team member, think outside the box. Whatever you do, think twice: First in the box, then outside the box. Outside-the-box thinking often breaks the routines and may sound ridiculous (荒谬的). But without thinking outside the box, these people, like Thomas Edison, Isaac Newton, wouldn’t have changed the world in the way they did. Master the established rules of your craft, apply them and if they’re not bringing results, allow yourself to start thinking outside the box. You’ll be glad you did. 1．Which of the following is an example of the “lateral thinking”? A．Using a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. B．Buying milk at a grocery store. C．Taking an elevator to the office. D．Watching TV in the evening. 2．What does the sentence “Thinking small keeps us small.” mean in paragraph 5? A．Small thinking helps achieve big goals. B．Avoiding challenges and risks limits personal growth. C．Big thinking leads to unnecessary risks and problems. D．Small thinking is key to staying safe and comfortable. 3．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Story Behind the Nine-Dot Puzzle B．Unlock Creative Thinking by Looking Beyond C．Safe Thinking holds You Back D．Master the Rules and Don’t Break Them Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）If you’ve ever had to cut short a backyard dinner because of buzzing mosquitoes (蚊子) or worried about yourself getting bitten while playing at the community park, you know how annoying these little insects can be. Worse than that, mosquitoes carry diseases like dengue fever (登革热). This problem has become a bigger problem in parts of China lately, especially as cities grow and the weather changes. For years, we’ve used chemical sprays (喷雾) to kill them, but those often do more harm than good. They pollute the water in the park’s small pond, and what’s worse, they make bees sick, which is a problem because we need bees to help flowers and vegetables grow. That’s why scientists came up with the smart “mosquito vs mosquito” plan. It worked and kept our neighborhoods safe for everyone while building a greener living environment. The start of this plan is a special “mosquito factory” in Guangzhou’s Huangpu district. When it’s running at its busiest, it can produce 5 million male mosquitoes every week, all of which have a small but important change to their genes. Each of these males has a type of bacteria called Wolbachia (沃尔巴克氏菌), and here’s the good part: they’re totally harmless to us. Unlike female mosquitoes (the ones that bite you for blood), males don’t need blood at all. So how do they help? When these lab-raised males mate with wild females that don’t have Wolbachia, a biological mismatch causes the eggs they lay to fail to develop into baby mosquitoes. But the plan doesn’t stop there. Scientists also use another helper, which is a type of big, pretty mosquitoes called Toxorhynchites splendens (华丽巨蚊). Not long ago, researchers from Sun Yat-sen University let 75 of these mosquitoes be freed in Foshan’s community parks, the same places where families might walk the dog or kids might chase butterflies. These big mosquitoes are natural enemies of the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (the ones that spread diseases). Their larvae can control harmful mosquitoes because their babies live in the same small pools of water that harmful mosquitoes love. So people should empty the water from flower pots or old plastic bottles left in the grass. As there’s less water for harmful mosquitoes to lay eggs in, the harmful mosquito larvae (幼虫) get crowded into the few pools that remain. This makes it easy for the giant mosquito larvae to eat 80-100 of them as they grow. Best of all, adult giant mosquitoes only feed on plant sap and flower nectar and they won’t trouble people or pets at all. Early results are promising. In one small village in Guangzhou, using just the lab-raised males kept dengue fever away for seven years straight. However, getting this to work in big cities isn’t easy. For one thing, the factory costs a lot to run. For another, some people in neighborhoods don’t fully understand the plan. Once, a few residents poured out the water from their flower pots (where the big mosquito babies were living), which killed the big mosquito babies, because they didn’t know those babies were actually helping control the bad mosquitoes. Those baby mosquitoes are a small but important part of protecting the community environment. Even with these small problems, scientists think this “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is the way to go. They say we should use both methods together to keep mosquito numbers down for a long time without messing up the environment. “We’re not fighting nature here,” a lead researcher said, “We’re working with it to make the places we live, work, and play safer.” The goal is to solve problems not just for now, but in a way that keeps our neighborhoods green and healthy for years to come. This is exactly what we need to do to build a better living space for everyone. 1．What can we learn about the lab-raised male mosquitoes from Paragraph 2? A．They have passed safety tests and are safe to release in communities. B．They are the same as wild mosquitoes except for carrying Wolbachia. C．They are raised in large numbers to bite and kill wild female mosquitoes. D．They will die after mating with wild female mosquitoes. 2．What can we infer about the “mosquito vs mosquito” plan from Paragraph 4? A．It is not as effective as using chemical sprays. B．It needs a lot of money and help from local people. C．It is only suitable for large cities like Foshan. D．It will be widely used in China in the near future. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is now being widely used in Foshan. B．The big, pretty mosquitoes can eat 80 to 100 harmful larvae in their whole life. C．The “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is a greener way to control mosquitoes than chemical sprays. D．The lab-raised mosquitoes will finally reduce the number of wild mosquitoes in Foshan. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct (本能) for facial mimicry (模仿) allows us to understand and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences. In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others’ facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you’re with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you’re doing so. In “trying on” your friend’s expression, it helps you to recognize what they’re feeling by connecting with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds. “You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you form some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the right action—you go near the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.” A person’s ability to recognize and “share” others’ emotions can be prevented when they can’t mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases like facial paralysis (瘫痪) caused by nerve damage from plastic surgery (手术). Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed other ways of recognizing emotions. People with social disorders like autism (自闭症), can also experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact (接触),” Niedenthal says. Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders. 1．According to the passage, facial mimicry helps ________. A．react to others’ expressions properly B．change others’ emotions quickly C．develop friendship with others easily D．experience one’s own feelings clearly 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5? A．People with motor diseases may also suffer from autism. B．People born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions. C．People with social disorders can’t have eye contact with others. D．People receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in copying faces. 3．According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on ________. A．how we can treat brain disorders B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expressions 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how people react positively to others’ smiles. B．To draw people’s attention to those with social disorders. C．To introduce people’s ability to recognize facial expressions. D．To explain how emotional mirroring helps people feel for others. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 Passage 1（25-26九年级上·北京·期中）：1．C 2．B 3．D Passage 2（25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）：1．B 2．D 3．A Passage 3（25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）：1．C 2．A 3．D Passage 4（25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 5（25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）：1．A 2．C 3．D Passage 6（25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）：1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A Passage 7（25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）：1．A 2．C 3．D Passage 8（25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）：1．B 2．A 3．C Passage 9（25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B Passage 10（25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）：1．B 2．B 3．C Passage 11（25-26九年级上·北京·期中）：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 1（25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）：1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 2（25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）：1．C 2．D 3．A Passage 3（25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 4（25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 5（25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）：1．A 2．B 3．C Passage 1（25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）：1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C Passage 2（25-26九年级上·北京·期中）：1．A 2．B 3．B Passage 3（25-26九年级上·北京·期中）：1．A 2．B 3．C Passage 4（25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）“CUT!” barks the director, and chaos erupts at a film studio in Los Angeles. Actors rush off to change their costumes, while crew members hurry to arrange new stage items. It is only the second day of filming and they have already packed in a week’s worth of cliffhangers (悬念). Filming a micro-drama, the latest new-media format to emerge from China, is just as fast-paced as watching one. “It’s soaps on steroids (激素),” a screenwriter explains. Micro-dramas are mini soap operas designed for the smartphone generation. Episodes are filmed in a vertical format and last just over a minute each. The acting tends to be overly dramatic, the storylines often crazy, with titles like “The Ordinary Student’s Sudden Royal Heritage”. But the bite-sized stories are perfect for China’s many young working professionals: long trips to and from work and tiring schedules leave little time for binge-watching box-sets on the sofa. A single micro-drama can cost over $10 to watch, with the first few episodes free of charge and the rest behind a paywall. Yet viewers have been willing to pay good money for it. This has fueled domestic enthusiasm: larger film companies are stepping in to expand production, while more traditional streaming platforms are setting up their own micro-drama channels. Now many apps are spreading the love, delivering micro-dramas to new audiences outside China. They don’t just translate Chinese series but also create original content with foreign actors, writers and directors. However, due to cultural differences, overseas actors sometimes struggle to understand why Chinese producers insist on sticking to cheesy tropes (俗气的桥段) and over-the-top acting. Nevertheless, micro-drama apps have reached a total of nearly 55 million downloads and $170 million in receipts overseas, according to iiMedia Research, a data provider. These vertical shorts don’t seem like a flash in the pan. Sometimes less really is more. 1．What is a feature of micro-dramas’ filming according to the text? A．It adopts a high-tech style. B．It requires significant funds. C．It is a highly efficient process. D．It involves numerous instructions. 2．Why are micro-dramas ideal for China’s young workforce? A．They are insightful to watch. B．They fit well with their busy schedules. C．They provide free episodes to viewers. D．They mirror the lives of young people. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Soap Operas Develop Quickly in Digital Era B．Chinese Film Industry Sees a New Transformation C．Micro-Dramas Bring More Opportunities to the World D．China’s Micro-Dramas Will Enjoy Long-Term Success 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了从中国本土兴起的微短剧，凭借竖屏拍摄、单集时长仅一分钟左右的轻量化形式，迅速抓住了年轻观众的注意力。它不仅成为国内打工人利用碎片时间放松的新选择，更在海外市场收获了可观的下载量与营收，展现出强劲的传播生命力。 1．根据文章第一段中“It is only the second day of filming and they have already packed in a week’s worth of cliffhangers. Filming a micro-drama, the latest new-media format to emerge from China, is just as fast-paced as watching one.”可知，微短剧的拍摄节奏快、效率高。 2．根据文章第二段中“But the bite-sized stories are perfect for China's many young working professionals: long trips to and from work and tiring schedules leave little time for binge-watching box-sets on the sofa.”可知，微短剧适合他们忙碌的日程安排。 3．文章主要介绍了中国微短剧的制作特点、受众群体、商业模式以及在海外的传播与成功。最后一段提到“These vertical shorts don’t seem like a flash in the pan.”（这些竖屏短剧似乎并非昙花一现），强调了其发展的持久性，D选项“中国微短剧将长盛不衰”最能概括文章主旨。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent who was me, by the way, just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views—for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 1．How did the author feel about the author’s daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 2．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 3．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了作者与女儿关于是否延长屏幕使用时间的争论，引发作者对以往所给建议的反思，进而探讨社交比较并非完全不健康，若能理解其运作方式，社交比较也可被利用来促进个人成长，关键在于如何看待这些比较。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.”以及后文作者开始反思并重新审视社交比较这一观点，可知作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发，开始重新思考自己以往的观点。B选项“受到启发的”，B选项符合语境。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.”以及后文作者开始深入探讨社交比较的不同情况，可知“nuances”指的是之前没有深入探索的细微差别。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。文章先讲述作者与女儿的争论，引出作者对以往建议的反思，接着重点探讨社交比较并非完全不健康，若能正确看待和利用，社交比较可成为促进个人成长的健康习惯。A选项“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”符合文章主旨。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）In addition to applying (申请) for a traditional guide dog, the visually impaired (视障者) will soon have another choice to help with their daily life—a robot guide dog. The six-legged robot guide dog developed by the School of Mechanical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, now being tested, can navigate (导航) users to destinations safely. It also has voice interaction (互动) abilities and can recognize (识别) traffic lights, which traditional guide dogs cannot do. Now there are millions of visually impaired people in China. They face many problems and need help in their daily life. Guide dogs are important life partners but not everyone is lucky enough to have a traditional companion. “There are only about 400 guide dogs in China. People have to wait for a long time after applying for a guide dog. The cost of training the dogs is very high and the continuous daily cost for users is high, too. This can be another burden (负担) for them,” said Gao Feng, a professor and head of the research development team at the university. The research in robot guide dogs dates back to June 2021. Gao points out that with six legs, the robot guide dog can walk smoothly with high stability (稳定性) and low noise, which is important and friendly to the users. With cameras, sensors and artificial intelligence technologies, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with users for daily journeys outside and be an assistant at home. Moreover, users can control the walking and running speed of the robot dog. “China’s walking robots are developing rapidly. Now we can produce robot guide dogs at good quality and a low price. We can mass-produce (批量生产) them based on market demand (需求),” said Gao. “The research teams are thoughtful and considerate, and keep making updates. As the robot dog is electronic, it will make it easier to get into public places than with traditional guide dogs.” Zhang is a visually impaired person. “I will probably try the robot guide dog. Robot dogs can be very precise (精确) and reliable as they seldom make mistakes,” said Zhang. Robot dogs can also guide and accompany people with Alzheimer’s disease, in which the team sees great future demand and potential, according to Gao. 1．What can the robot guide dog do? A．It can talk with the traditional guide dogs. B．It can help traditional guide dogs recognize traffic lights. C．It can listen and speak with its owner. D．It can recognize its owner with the help of the police. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The advantages of the robot guide dogs. B．The history of the robot guide dogs. C．The function of AI technologies. D．The rules of using the robot guide dogs. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Technology cannot support the mass production of robot dogs. B．People must spend a long time training the robot dogs. C．The robot dogs can control the walking speed by themselves. D．The robot dogs are helpful and will be greatly needed in the future. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由上海交通大学研发的六足机器人导盲犬。它具备导航、语音交互、识别红绿灯等功能，旨在解决传统导盲犬数量少、成本高的问题，并拥有广阔的应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“With cameras, sensors and artificial intelligence technologies, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with users for daily journeys outside and be an assistant at home.”可知，机器人导盲犬可以和主人倾听和交谈，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第四段主要讲述了机器人导盲犬有六条腿，行走平稳、稳定性高、噪音低，能看、听、说，可控制速度，能批量生产，进入公共场所更方便等优点，所以该段主要介绍了机器人导盲犬的优点，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是最后一段“Robot dogs can also guide and accompany people with Alzheimer’s disease, in which the team sees great future demand and potential”可知，机器人导盲犬不仅有帮助视障者的功能，在未来还有巨大的需求和潜力，故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）You hit snooze (再睡一会儿) again. You avoid the hard task, calling it “self-care.” Maybe you order your favorite comfort food or spend hours watching online. For a moment, it feels good. But later? You’re behind, still stressed, and a little disappointed in yourself. We’ve all been there. The popular idea of self-care tells us it’s okay to skip (不参加) workouts or scroll on our phones (刷手机) because “you deserve (值得) it.” But comfort isn’t the same thing as care. Psychologist Todd Kashdan has a name for this—avoidance. It helps you feel better in the moment but leaves you further from your goals and less confident in yourself. Real self-care means doing the things that build you up, even when they’re hard in the moment. It might mean getting up when the alarm goes off instead of hitting snooze, or doing the most meaningful task first especially when it is hard. This kind of self-care builds not just self-control, but self-respect. And over time, that grows into self-love. Research backs this up. Psychologist Hal Hershfield has shown that when we feel connected to our future selves, we make smarter choices today. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan found that we do well when our goals match our deeper values. And Albert Bandura proved that confidence doesn’t come from avoiding challenges—it comes from mastering them. However, self-care isn’t all about doing hard things. Rest is also important but the key is being intentional (有目的的): taking a break because it refreshes you, not because you’re avoiding something difficult. Rest doesn’t have to mean lying on the couch. It might look like having dinner with your family, making time for a yoga class that leaves you centered, or setting aside a tech-free Sunday. Real self-care takes courage. Sometimes it means doing the hard thing. Other times, it means having the wisdom to pause. Next time, before making a choice, ask yourself—what will I be proud I did today? What will I wish I had done this week? These small questions move you from short-term comfort to long-term well-being. It connects today’s choices to the person you want to become tomorrow. Do the hard thing today so tomorrow you can look in the mirror with pride. 1．What can we learn about self-care? A．It means doing hard things to enjoy comfort later. B．It’s about doing what feels good at the moment. C．It means putting off difficult tasks to avoid stress. D．It includes effort and proper rest with a clear purpose. 2．Why does the writer mention three findings in Paragraph 4? A．To question the benefits of self-care. B．To support the idea of real self-care. C．To explain how to practice self-care. D．To show different opinions about self-care. 3．What does the word “pause” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Stop for a short time. B．Begin something new. C．Focus on one task. D．Keep trying. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Easy Path to Pride B．Self-Care or Avoidance? C．Beyond Comfort: What Real Self-Care Is D．Why Comfort Feels Good but Doesn’t Help 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出真正的自我照顾包含有目的的努力和适当的休息，鼓励读者选择对自己长期有益的行为。 1．细节理解题。根据“Real self-care means doing the things that build you up, even when they’re hard in the moment.”以及“However, self-care isn’t all about doing hard things. Rest is also important but the key is being intentional (有目的的)”可知，真正的自我照顾包括有明确目的的努力和适当的休息。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Research backs this up.”以及第四段中提到的三位心理学家的研究发现，可知作者提到这些研究结果是为了支持真正的自我照顾这一观点。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Real self-care takes courage. Sometimes it means doing the hard thing. Other times, it means having the wisdom to pause.”可知，真正的自我照顾需要勇气，有时意味着做困难的事，有时意味着有智慧去“pause”，结合选项可推测出“pause”在此处意为“短暂停止”。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，尤其是“Real self-care means doing the things that build you up, even when they’re hard in the moment.”以及“These small questions move you from short-term comfort to long-term well-being.”可知，文章主要讨论了真正的自我照顾是什么，它超越了短暂的舒适，强调了有目的的努力和适当的休息。选项C“超越舒适：真正的自我照顾是什么”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·北京大兴·期中）When I write, knowing someone will read it, something changes. Having readers forces me to think harder about what I’m trying to say. That’s the audience effect at play. The presence of others changes what we choose to do and who we choose to be, and we become different people when we know we’re being watched. Our brains evolved (进化) to care deeply about social standing. When we sense we’re being observed, our neural (神经的) networks change into “performance mode.” In our brains, the areas connected with inner drive quiet down while areas processing social feedback (反馈) light up. This neurological change explains why an audience changes our decision-making. Once you know about the audience effect, you’ll notice how it plays out everywhere. In creative work, for example, an audience can give you the focus you need to turn ideas into great work. But it can also push you to just “be average” to please others—instead of being truly creative. Similar effects appear in career decisions. Worrying about our audience, even if that audience is just your parents, can make you choose paths (小路) that look impressive on the outside but do not bring real satisfaction. The audience effect is hard to deal with because of feedback. When we receive praise or likes for audience-focused choices, we slowly start to value what pleases others more than what pleases ourselves. Over time, we forget what we wanted before we started performing for others. However, you can’t eliminate (消除) the influence of having an audience, and you actually wouldn’t want to. In fact, it can be useful if we learn how to manage it. One way is to be careful about whose opinions we care about. Instead of trying to please everyone, we should focus on the people whose opinions actually matter. Another way is to keep both audience-focused and audience-free creative spaces. Share your progress, but also work on projects no one will see. When you make a choice—like what to write, share, or study—stop and ask yourself: “Am I doing this for me, or just to please others?” When you recognize the audience effect, you can use it to gain focus and energy without losing your true self. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The reason for the audience effect. B．The downsides of the audience effect. C．The examples of the audience effect. D．The importance of the audience effect. 2．Which of the following situations best shows the audience effect? A．Sharing photos online to record life. B．Jogging in the park to enjoy the fresh air. C．Playing hard in the game because of others’ cheers. D．Preparing the speech carefully to understand it better. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why people care so much about social standing. B．To show that the audience effect is harmful and should be avoided. C．To give examples of how the audience effect influences our daily life. D．To remind readers to manage the audience effect without losing their true selves. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了“观众效应”如何影响人们的行为和决策，并提出了管理这种效应的建议。 1．主旨大意题。通读第二段并根据“This neurological change explains why an audience changes our decision-making.”可知，神经变化解释了为什么观众会改变我们的决策。由此可知，本段主要解释了观众效应的神经科学原因。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In creative work, for example, an audience can give you the focus you need to turn ideas into great work. But it can also push you to just ‘be average’ to please others”和“When we receive praise or likes for audience-focused choices, we slowly start to value what pleases others more than what pleases ourselves.”可知，观众效应的典型表现是行为因他人反馈而改变。选项C“因他人的欢呼而在比赛中拼命表现”符合这一特征。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“When you recognize the audience effect, you can use it to gain focus and energy without losing your true self.”可知，当你意识到观众效应时，你可以利用它获得专注和能量，而不失去真实的自我。由此可知，作者的主要目的是提醒读者在不失去真实自我的前提下，管理好观众效应。故选D。 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）Does life sometimes seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times, for example, do you find yourself saying things like “I really don’t understand this maths problem”, or “I can’t get into the school team.” Well, maybe it’s time to introduce yourself to the power of “yet”. By adding this simple word, you can change everything. “I really don’t understand this maths problem yet,” “I can’t get into the school team yet.” Suddenly, the impossible becomes possible. You can start to imagine those things happening in the future. The word “yet” can open your mind to the possibility of improvement and growth. A good example comes from a school that changed the way it marks exams. The school found out that the old pass/fail system wasn’t helping students’ motivation (积极性). If you passed, then great, but those students who didn’t pass often felt like failures. Now, students who don’t pass the exams will not see a big red F on their papers; they see a “not yet” instead. This small change sends a powerful message that learning is a process (过程). Students feel they are on a journey. They haven’t reached the final goal, but they know that they are going the right way and just need more time and effort. This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don’t concentrate on failure. They aren’t worried about not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. However, people who just focus on failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. They don’t think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. But don’t worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset. The good news is that mindsets don’t go on forever; they can be changed. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can’t or you haven’t done it before. It’s one small but very powerful word that can reshape your attitude towards life’s challenges. 1．Why does the writer introduce an example in Paragraph 2? A．To express a feeling. B．To describe a problem. C．To show the result. D．To support the idea. 2．What do the words “concentrate on” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Get used to. B．Look forward to. C．Pay attention to. D．Make a difference to. 3．According to the passage, what is important in developing a growth mindset? A．Realizing that we should set a final goal. B．Accepting that there are things we cannot do. C．Knowing that we can avoid failures with effort. D．Believing that our abilities can be improved over time. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．The Power of “yet”. B．Two Different Mindsets. C．The Challenge of Growth. D．On the Way to Success. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了“yet”这个词的力量，以及成长型思维模式的重要性。文章通过举例说明，使用“yet”可以改变我们对问题的看法，将不可能变为可能，并鼓励持续学习和成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“The word ‘yet’ can open your mind to the possibility of improvement and growth. A good example comes from a school that changed the way it marks exams.”可知，作者举学校改变评分方式的例子是为了支持“yet”这个词能带来改变和成长的观点。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第3段“People with a growth mindset don’t concentrate on failure. They aren’t worried about not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do.”可知，他们不担心第一次没有把事情做好，并且乐于继续尝试，直到他们做到为止，所以拥有成长心态的人不会专注于失败。“concentrate on”在此处的意思是不把注意力集中在失败上，与“pay attention to”意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第3段“This kind of thinking is part of what experts call ‘having a growth mindset’"和第4段“The good news is that mindsets don’t go on forever; they can be changed”可知，发展成长型思维最重要的是相信能力可以随时间提升。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕“yet”这个词的力量展开，讲述了它如何改变我们的思维方式，帮助形成成长型思维。因此“The Power of ‘yet’”最能概括全文主旨。故选A。 Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·北京房山·期中）“Wow! Look at that! Isn’t it a real fish?” The bionic (仿生) fish, named “Jinlin”, was developed by researchers at Shanghai Ocean University. This invention isn’t just for fun. The AI-powered bionic fish “Jinlin” can help collect information about water quality, providing key support for water environment protection. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics. Over millions of years, animals and plants have developed smart ways to survive. For example, kingfishers are experts at moving fast with very little noise. Through their study, scientists discovered that the birds’ long beaks (喙) enabled this ability. Then they used the knowledge to change the front of the high-speed train. This change cut down the noise level, increased speed by 10% and greatly saved energy. This combination (结合) of biology and engineering is the key to success in bionics. And it has set the stage for the rise of other new technologies. Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly. In medicine, bionic arms can work similarly to real arms. Sensors allow the user to “feel” touch and pressure. Motors help the bionic arms make movements like human muscles. With AI, the bionic arms are able to “learn” new tasks and become smarter over time. This invention is an example to show how bionics bridges biology and new technologies to solve humans’ problems. Although so much progress has been made, bionics faces challenges. Nature’s designs are hard to copy perfectly. As for bionic arms, one key area of development is the Brain-Computer Interface (脑机接口). More work on direct communication between the brain and bionic arms is required to control movements as naturally as real arms. Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures which can sense and repair themselves. While there’s still a long way to go, the future of bionics is full of possibilities. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Maybe you’ll be the next one to change the world! 1．Why was the bionic fish “Jinlin” developed by researchers? A．To help with environmental work. B．To learn how to swim like a real fish. C．To provide a new kind of toy for kids. D．To help people better keep fish at home. 2．Which of the following shows the use of bionics? A．Drawing a picture of birds by watching real birds. B．Building a house by using natural wood materials. C．Designing a camera by copying some insects’ eyes. D．Learning to dance by studying monkeys’ movements. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bionics is a science that copies animals’ appearance most. B．Robotics and AI have developed fast because of bionics. C．Bionic arms can already work as naturally as real ones. D．It is challenging to exactly reproduce nature’s designs. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了仿生学的概念、应用实例、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。通过仿生鱼“Jinlin”的例子，引出仿生学如何模仿自然来解决人类问题，并举例说明了仿生学在高速列车、医学等领域的应用，同时指出了仿生学面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The AI-powered bionic fish ‘Jinlin’ can help collect information about water quality, providing key support for water environment protection.”可知，仿生鱼“Jinlin”被研发出来是为了帮助收集水质信息，为水环境保护提供关键支持，即帮助环境工作。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This combination (结合) of biology and engineering is the key to success in bionics.”可知，仿生学是生物学和工程学的结合。选项C“通过模仿某些昆虫的眼睛来设计相机”体现了生物学和工程学的结合，是仿生学的应用实例。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Nature’s designs are hard to copy perfectly.”可知，自然界的设计很难被完美复制，即精确再现自然的设计是具有挑战性的。选项D与这一表述相符。故选D。 Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）Do you remember where you were when you heard about a traffic accident involving a close friend? The answer is probably yes. Do you remember what you were doing on your birthday that year? You may have to think a little harder. People remember bad memories more easily and in greater detail than good ones. Why is that? A new study found that people do this because of evolutionary (进化的) reasons. Elizabeth Kensinger and her partners at Boston College, US, did a study looking at this. They found that negative (消极的) feelings like fear and sadness cause an increase in brain activity. This activity happens in the part of the brain that controls memories. So memories caused by negative feelings are kept in greater detail than other kinds of memories. For example, after seeing a man on a street holding a knife, people remember the knife clearly, but they forget the details of the street. According to Kensinger, it is easy to understand this from an evolutionary point of view. She said that people pay attention to dangerous information so they can use that information to guide their actions and save their lives. They can also use it to plan for similar events in the future. The scientists say more studies are needed on how we remember bad memories. This line of research could help solve stress disorders. In short, the reason we remember bad things more firmly and clearly is actually a “survival skill” passed down to us by our ancestors. Our brains pay extra attention to dangerous information to help us avoid harm and survive better. However, there are still many details behind this waiting for scientists to discover. Now, when you think of the bad things that left a deep impression on you, do you understand why your brain “makes a point to remember” them? 1．Good memories are remembered ________ than bad ones. A．longer B．less often C．more easily D．more in detail 2．When a girl breaks into tears, ________. A．her brain activity will increase B．she probably has a stress disorder C．she can control her memories well D．her brain activity will be kept in great detail 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Brain activity controls memories B．How we remember bad memories C．Bad memories are easier to remember D．Bad memories can cause stress disorders 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们更容易且更详细地记住不好的记忆这一现象，并介绍了相关研究及原因，还指出这方面研究的意义以及仍有许多未知等待发现。 1．细节理解题。根据“People remember bad memories more easily and in greater detail than good ones.”可知，人们对不好的记忆记得更清楚、更详细，因此美好的记忆相比不好的记忆被记住的频率更低，没有那么详细，也没有那么容易。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“They found that negative (消极的) feelings like fear and sadness cause an increase in brain activity.”可知，悲伤等负面情绪会引发大脑活动增强，哭泣属于悲伤的表现，因此大脑活动可能会增加。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了人们更容易且更详细地记住不好的记忆这一现象，并介绍了相关研究及原因，还指出这方面研究的意义以及仍有许多未知等待发现，以选项C“不好的记忆更容易被记住”为标题最合适。故选C。 Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·北京延庆·期中）Changing who we are inside It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine (疫苗) before birth to stop them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some controversy (争议). In an online video posted on Nov 26, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies. The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV (艾滋病病毒). The twins’ genes were edited in order to keep them from being infected by HIV. He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in the world. “I feel such a strong responsibility not only to be the first to do this, but also to set an example.” He told AP. But his actions raised many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical (道德的) to use it on humans. Some believe that gene editing could benefit HIV patients. HIV is “a major and growing public health threat (威胁),” according to Harvard Medical School George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “justifiable (无可非议的).” Church told AP. However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental stages and could result in unexpected mutations (突变). It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer, Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News. Besides, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has worked with other departments to investigate He Jiankui’s project. In an open letter released on Nov 27,140 Chinese HIV researchers described the research as “unethical”. They questioned the need for He Jiankui’s project. Others fear that some wealthy people might use gene editing technology to make “designer babies (定制宝宝)”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to their intelligence. “You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades (升级)’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality (不平等) than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News. 1．What do we know about He Jiankui? A．He was the first person to edit genes. B．He was the first person whose genes were edited. C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies. D．He cured twins with HIV when he edited their genes. 2．What does the word “infected” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Cured. B．Attacked. C．Discovered. D．protected. 3．Julian Savulescu said gene editing ________. A．can cure disease B．will raise ethical questions C．may lead to greater inequality D．may cause unexpected mutations 4．According to the story, we know that gene editing is ________. A．justifiable to use B．still controversial C．good for everyone D．good for wealthy people 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了基因编辑技术这一可在人出生前通过特殊疫苗预防严重疾病的科学手段，围绕南方科技大学研究员贺建奎培育出世界首例基因编辑婴儿一事展开，阐述了该技术的应用背景，同时呈现了各方对基因编辑技术的不同看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.”可知，贺建奎培育出了世界首例基因编辑婴儿，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited in order to keep them from being infected by HIV.”可知，双胞胎的父亲携带艾滋病病毒，编辑她们的基因是为了防止她们被感染，“infected”意为“感染”，与“Attacked”意思相近，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental stages and could result in unexpected mutations. It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer, Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News.”可知，朱利安·萨夫勒斯库认为基因编辑可能会导致意想不到的突变，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“But this method has also created some controversy.”以及后文各方对基因编辑技术的支持与反对观点可知，基因编辑技术仍存在争议，故选B。 Passage 10 （25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes. “The ear is a good place to monitor (监控),” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores (毛孔). To collect the gases, Johnson and his team chose earmuffs that make a tight seal (密封) with the head. These are the type people often wear to protect the ears from loud noise. His team made two holes in the muff covering one ear. A tube slowly pumped (用泵输送) air in one hole. Another tube pulled air out of the second hole and sent it to a sensor. In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol(酒精) coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk. The team invited three men. Each had to avoid drinking alcohol for at least three days before taking part. Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as the system recorded normal gas levels leaving their ears. Afterward, the men drank a big amount of alcohol. About 7 minutes later, the earmuff system tested out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. After 50 minutes, alcohol levels reached the top and continued falling until the test was over. The team then measured other gases by changing out the sensor. With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease. Later, they replaced the earmuffs with a one-eared version to make it a bit more comfortable. Johnson imagines another possible benefit. The earmuff system could help doctors tell whether a child’s ear infections (感染) have been caused by bacteria or a virus. How? Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease. 1．What makes the ear a good place to monitor? A．Its small size. B．Its thin skin. C．Its clean surface. D．Its blood flow. 2．The word “exudes” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”. A．collects B．gives off C．cuts off D．uses 3．What did Johnson and his team find in their tests? A．Sensors should be examined in time. B．Drunk-driving tests were ineffective. C．Their system could be used to tell diseases. D．Serious diseases were difficult to recognize. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种通过耳罩收集人体气体来检测疾病的系统，包括其原理、测试过程及潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据“The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores (毛孔).”可知，耳朵皮肤薄，使得气体容易排出，所以耳朵是监控的好地方。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease.”以及前文对人体释放气体的描述，可推测“exudes”意为“释放”，与“gives off”意思相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk.”以及“With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease.”可知，约翰逊和他的团队发现他们的系统可以用于检测疾病。故选C。 Passage 11 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）Have you ever wondered why some teams work so well together while others struggle (努力争取) to reach agreements? A recent study led by researchers from Keio University in Japan might hold the key to this question. It shows that when people work closely together on a shared task, their brains actually “sync up”. This fascinating discovery belongs to the field of second-person neuroscience, a new area focusing on how two people’s brains work together during social activities. To carry out this research, scientists used a technology called hyper-scanning (超扫描技术), which records the brain activity of multiple people at the same time and compares their brain reactions. The experiment involved 78 participants, divided into 39 pairs. Each pair faced a creative challenge: designing and furnishing a unique digital room within a specially developed computer game. They could work together without strict time limits and were asked to use minimal verbal (最低限度的言语) communication, allowing researchers to focus on non-verbal interactions. Additionally, each participant completed the same task alone on a separate occasion, helping researchers compare and study brain activity differences between solo and group work. During the experiment, researchers not only videotaped each pair’s work process but also had every participant wear special headgear. This headgear is a special tool for the research, which helps researchers to get correct results and to monitor their brain neurons (神经元). The brain neurons are basic cells that transmit and process information in the human brain. The headgear continuously tracked how neurons reacted when participants discussed ideas or made decisions, while the videos recorded how often and how long each pair made eye contact. After collecting all data, researchers presented their findings in a detailed chart, showing a clear correlation (相关性) between eye contact duration (时长) and brain synchronization levels. The results were surprising. When working in pairs, specific groups of neurons in one person’s brain would activate, and almost the same group would become active in their partner’s brain. Yasuyo Minagawa, the lead researcher, described this rare coupling as “two brains functioning as a single, coordinated system.” This special neural coupling, called “between-brain synchronization,” became significantly stronger when both participants looked directly at each other, leading the team to conclude that mutual (相互的) eye contact plays a key role in improving understanding of each other’s hidden intentions and true emotions. Minagawa also noted that this finding fits with the well-known “we mode” (“我们模式”) phenomenon, where two people working together seem to “share a mind” and react to situations similarly. Looking ahead, the research team plans to further explore how other common social interactions, such as face-to-face conversations and small facial expressions, influence brain function. They hope future studies will uncover more secrets about how human connections shape and even change our neural activity patterns. 1．Why did the research team ask participants not to talk too much during the experiment? A．To study how unspoken signals help people work as a team successfully. B．To prevent different languages from getting in the way of their work. C．To challenge the participants’ ability to solve problems under great pressure. D．To prove that not speaking is a better way to communicate than talking. 2．What can we infer about “second-person neuroscience” from the passage? A．It has replaced traditional brain research methods. B．It studies the communication between people instead of single brains. C．It is a new field with no practical uses now. D．It can only be carried out by hyper-scanning technology. 3．What does the underlined word “synchronization” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Separation. B．Difference. C．Independence. D．Connection. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How a Brain Experiment Helps Improve Teamwork B．Eye contact Alone makes Teams More successful C．A Study: Team Understanding Improves When People Really Look at Each Other D．Second-person Neuroscience Explains How Team Brains Work Together 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本庆应大学的一项研究，揭示了团队合作中大脑同步的现象，并探讨了眼神接触在促进这种同步中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They could work together without strict time limits and were asked to use minimal verbal communication, allowing researchers to focus on non-verbal interactions.”可知，他们可以在没有严格时间限制的情况下一起工作，并被要求使用最低限度的言语交流，让研究人员专注于非语言互动。由此可知，研究小组要求参与者在实验过程中不要说太多话是为了研究无言的信号如何帮助人们成功地作为一个团队工作。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This fascinating discovery belongs to the field of second-person neuroscience, a new area focusing on how two people’s brains work together during social activities.”可知，这一发现属于第二人称神经科学领域，这是一个研究两人大脑在社交活动中如何协同工作的新领域。由此可推断，该领域研究的是人际互动而非单一大脑活动。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“When working in pairs, specific groups of neurons in one person’s brain would activate, and almost the same group would become active in their partner’s brain.”可知，两人合作时，一方大脑中特定的神经元群会被激活，另一方大脑中几乎相同的神经元群也会被激活。结合“a clear correlation between eye contact duration and brain synchronization levels”并结合选项可知，眼神接触持续时间和大脑同步水平之间存在明显的相关性，因此“synchronization”指大脑活动的同步性，即“连接”。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。文章核心是日本研究人员的实验发现 —— 团队合作中，相互的眼神交流能增强大脑同步，进而提升彼此理解。选项C“一项研究：当人们真正地看着彼此时，团队的理解就会提高”准确概括了这一主题，且突出实验结论。故选C。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public, and worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment, and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum. The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. 1．Considering Johnson’s worry, the author is ________. A．supportive B．unconcerned C．unsure D．excited 2．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing? A．His influence in physics. B．The competition in the field. C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies. 3．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕量子计算展开，通过介绍两位专家的不同观点，探讨了量子计算是否能实现其被炒作的潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead ... Johnson warns.”以及最后一段“But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”可知，作者认可约翰逊的担忧，对其观点持支持态度。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm ... to building a ‘useful’ quantum computer”和“People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”可知，泰勒对PyQuantum公司的技术实力充满信心，这是他对量子计算持乐观态度的原因。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”可知，量子代表着难以理解的酷炫事物，这使得量子计算特别容易被炒作。prone在此处意为“容易的、倾向于的”，与open“易受……影响的”含义相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇提到量子计算被炒作的潜力，接着通过约翰逊的担忧和泰勒的自信展开讨论，核心围绕“量子计算是否能实现其被炒作的预期”展开。选项D“量子计算能否不负众望？”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京东城·期中）Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in the city, where poor air quality and noise pollution are common, and there is little chance to connect with nature. People may prefer going outdoors and enjoying the health benefits of being in nature. So, don’t be surprised that your doctor gives you a prescription (处方) for parks instead of pills. Nature prescribing, gaining its popularity recently, involves a doctor encouraging patients to spend time in nature as a health activity. The nature-based activities have developed as an effective healthcare treatment to improve people’s well-being. What are the nature prescriptions like? Well, doctors may give patients a variety of choices. Patients may choose direct exposure (接触) to nature, by using a natural space for running, walking, open-water swimming, or other physical activities. Other times, the exposure to nature might not be that obvious, such as biking along a path near a river on the way to work. Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects. For example, they can help build birdhouses in forests, which provide a safe space for birds to live in and raise their young. Research into nature prescribing activities has found that participants experience both physical and mental health benefits. For example, nature-based activities can result in a reduction of blood pressure and better heart health. Besides, spending time in nature has been linked to lower levels of stress and anxiety. Not only that, an outdoor program in nature involving a group of people can also reduce feelings of loneliness among participants. Nature prescribing has been carried out successfully throughout the world. For example, in England, the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust runs the Blue Prescribing Project. The project provides opportunities for people with poor mental health in London to enjoy the wetland environment. This has led to great improvement of their situation. However, there are still several challenges when nature prescribing is adapted to different settings. One major difficulty is the need to train qualified health providers who can organize effective activities, which takes time and requires money. Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs. 1．If patients want to take part in nature prescribing activities, they can ________. A．swim for hours in an indoor swimming pool B．paint birds and flowers at community libraries C．plant trees in the local park near their houses D．watch environmental protection programs on TV 2．What do you know about nature prescribing from the passage? A．It can never take the place of having medicine. B．It fails to benefit patients when carried out in London. C．It works much better for physical health. D．It requires further development to meet different needs other than mental health. 3．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．From pills to parks: the influence of nature on health B．A step into the wild: the time to protect our planet C．A trip through forests: a chance to enjoy the beauty D．From indoors to outdoors: an active way to relax 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自然处方这一新兴的健康活动，包括其定义、活动形式、对健康的益处以及在全球范围内的实施情况和面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects. For example, they can help build birdhouses in forests, which provide a safe space for birds to live in and raise their young.”可知，患者可以参与环保项目，如在森林里建造鸟舍，由此可推断，患者可以在当地公园种树。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, there are still several challenges when nature prescribing is adapted to different settings. One major difficulty is the need to train qualified health providers who can organize effective activities, which takes time and requires money. Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs.”可知，自然处方在适应不同环境时仍面临挑战，如需要培训合格的健康提供者，以及需要设计更多活动来满足患者的不同需求，由此可推断，与心理健康相比，自然处方需要进一步发展以满足不同的需求。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了自然处方这一新兴的健康活动，包括其定义、活动形式、对健康的益处以及在全球范围内的实施情况和面临的挑战，结合第一段“So, don’t be surprised that your doctor gives you a prescription (处方) for parks instead of pills.”可知，文章主要围绕自然处方对健康的影响展开，因此A选项“从药片到公园：自然对健康的影响”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）For a long time, people thought that when children became teenagers, parents should step back. But new studies show something different. The teenage years are not a time for parents to be less involved. Instead, they are a time to stay connected, just in new ways. From Boss to Guide Parents often act like “managers”. They tell their teens what to do and make all the decisions. However, research now suggests a better role: be a “guide”. A guide does not give orders. A guide offers advice when the teen asks for it. A guide respects that the teenager is becoming more independent but is still there to help. This way, parents use their influence through a strong relationship, not through strict control. The Growing Teen Brain Why do teenagers sometimes act unreasonably or have strong mood swings (起伏)? Brain science gives us an answer. The part of the brain that controls good judgment and decision-making is still developing in the teen years. This means that a teen’s sometimes risky or emotional behavior is not just them being difficult—it is a normal part of brain development. Knowing this can help parents be more patient. They can focus on helping their teens learn to make good choices while the brain is still learning how. What Teenagers Need to Do Experts say that all teenagers are working on four important tasks as they grow up: • Be Their Own Person: They want to make their own choices. • Discover Who They Are: They try out different ideas to find their identity (身份). • Become More Independent: They naturally create some distance from their parents. • Make Close Friends: They build strong friendships outside the family. When parents understand these tasks, they can see their teen’s behavior differently. Arguing about a small rule might really be about the teen’s need for more independence. This new view can reduce fights and help parents support their child’s growth. One of the most powerful findings is about empathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Studies show that when teenagers feel understood and listened to by their parents, they are more likely to be understanding and kind to others. Simply listening to a teen’s feelings without immediately judging or solving the problem can build great trust. This kind of connection makes the teenage years easier and helps build a strong, positive relationship for the future. In summary, these new ideas give parents a more hopeful way to see the teenage years. By being a guide instead of a boss, understanding the teen brain, supporting their growth tasks, and listening with empathy, parents can turn these years into a time of positive growth and a closer bond (联结). 1．According to the passage, which of the following actions best shows the parent’s role as a “guide”? A．Making a strict daily schedule for the teen to follow. B．Giving clear instructions on how to solve a problem step by step. C．Offering advice when the teen needs help with a friendship problem. D．Telling the teen that his new interest won’t last long and will pass. 2．According to brain science, why do teenagers sometimes have strong mood swings? A．Because they want to make their parents angry. B．Because they lack communication with their parents. C．Because they spend too much time with emotional friends. D．Because their brain’s area for good judgement is still developing. 3．What is the best heading for Paragraph 6? A．The Importance of Understanding B．The Power of Listening C．The Benefit of Connecting D．The Ways of Sharing 4．Which of the following may the writer most likely agree with? A．Parents should strictly manage their teenagers’ lives to keep them safe. B．A teenager’s need to make their own choices is a natural part of growth. C．The main goal of the teenage years is to get good grades for the future. D．It is hard to build a close bond with teenagers because of their brain. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母在青少年时期应扮演的角色、青少年情绪波动的原因、青少年成长的任务以及共情倾听的重要性等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“A guide offers advice when the teen asks for it.”可知，当青少年在友谊问题上需要帮助时提供建议最能体现父母作为“引导者”的角色，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The part of the brain that controls good judgment and decision-making is still developing in the teen years. This means that a teen’s sometimes risky or emotional behavior is not just them being difficult—it is a normal part of brain development.”可知，青少年有时情绪波动大是因为他们大脑中控制良好判断力的区域仍在发育，故选D。 3．最佳标题题。根据“Studies show that when teenagers feel understood and listened to by their parents, they are more likely to be understanding and kind to others. Simply listening to a teen’s feelings without immediately judging or solving the problem can build great trust.”可知，第六段主要讲倾听的力量，故“The Power of Listening”作为标题最合适，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Be Their Own Person: They want to make their own choices.”可知，青少年需要自己做选择是成长的自然部分，故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京通州·期中）Technology is becoming more and more common in the classroom and, as a result, students favor typed (打字的) notes over handwritten ones. Electronic note-taking attracts students with its speed, digital storage, and sharing convenience. But questions remain: Are typed notes actually helping students learn? And how do they compare to handwritten note-taking? Each method has its advantages and challenges. Recent research has examined these two methods and tried to find out which method truly improves learning and memory. An interesting research looked at 24 studies to see how note-taking methods affected (影响) the volume (数量) of notes taken and test performance. Across all of the studies included in the research, typed notes led to students taking a greater amount of notes. Specifically, electronic notes contained (包含) many more words and ideas from the lesson than handwritten notes. This is most likely due to the fact that writing by hand is much slower than typing. As a result, students often can’t keep up with the lesson when they are writing and may end up summarizing the content or even cutting parts out. However, it was handwritten notes that actually led to better test outcomes. As previously stated, students can usually type faster than they write, which makes them more likely to take down notes word-for-word. Conversely (相反), handwritten notes are usually paraphrased (改述) and catch the personal style of the student. This may let them directly put their heart into the material and only take down the most important points. As a result, connections are made between lesson content and students’ existing (存在的) knowledge, leading to deep learning. We’ve seen that handwritten notes lead to better exam scores, but what other practices can students use in their note-taking to achieve the best test outcomes overall? Handwritten notes may lead to better outcomes because students would think carefully about what they hear and write it down in their own words. So don’t take down notes verbatim. Instead of mindlessly copying down what the teacher says, students should paraphrase material, which may result in deeper learning. Research also suggests that the benefits of pen and paper notes extend (延伸) even further after a review. If students have an opportunity to look over their notes before an exam, they are likely to score higher. The best learning methods encourage direct engagement (连接) with material. While typed notes allow for greater volume, they often lead to passive, verbatim recording. For better test performance, handwritten notes are preferable, as they improve deeper learning by helping students to paraphrase content in their own words. 1．According to the passage, people do the research to ________. A．find out who can type fastest B．prove typing is faster than writing by hand C．introduce a new way of taking notes D．explain how note-taking methods affect learning 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Handwritten notes contained more words and ideas. B．Handwritten notes can help make deep learning happen. C．People take down notes in their own words when they are typing. D．People can take more passive notes when writing by hand. 3．What does the underlined word “verbatim” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Little by little. B．Hand in hand. C．Word for word. D．Side by side. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To describe the importance of technology in the learning process. B．To prove typed notes are better than handwritten notes in many ways. C．To explain why students choose to use different note-taking methods D．To encourage students to take handwritten notes for better learning. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文通过对比研究，分析了电子笔记和手写笔记对学习效果的影响，指出手写笔记更有助于深度学习和记忆。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recent research has examined these two methods and tried to find out which method truly improves learning and memory.”可知，研究目的是探究不同笔记方法如何影响学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“connections are made between lesson content and students’ existing knowledge, leading to deep learning”可知，手写笔记有助于实现深度学习。B项表述正确。A项与电子笔记内容更多矛盾；C项与手写笔记通常为改述矛盾；D项与电子笔记更被动矛盾。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Instead of mindlessly copying down what the teacher says, students should paraphrase material”可知，“verbatim”与“paraphrase”相反，意为“逐字逐句地”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“For better test performance, handwritten notes are preferable, as they improve deeper learning by helping students to paraphrase content in their own words.”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励学生为了更好的学习而做手写笔记。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）Close your eyes and imagine a white teapot. Most people can easily “see” its shape, shine, and even small details (细节). But for 1 in 50 to 100 people worldwide, this simple task is impossible—their minds stay completely blank, like a screen that never turns on. Scientists call this condition “aphantasia”, the inability to actively make mental images (心理意象). Aphantasia might sound like it stops people from being good at visual (视觉的) things. But many people with this condition have done very well in jobs that use vision. One famous example is Ed Catmull, co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios, the well-known animation studio behind movies like Toy Story and Finding Nemo. He didn’t know he had aphantasia until he was in his 60s, when someone asked him to imagine a burning candle, and he suddenly realized he had never “seen” a real picture in his mind. Curious about his unusual experience, Ed asked his workmates some questions at Pixar. The results were surprising: about 3% of them reported having little or no mental imagery, while another 3% described having extremely vivid images—so clear and detailed that some said it was like “watching a movie on a big screen”. Most shocking of all, some of Pixar’s best artists and animators were in the “no mental images” group. This finding raised a key question: Do you really need mental images to be creative in visual jobs? To answer this question, scientists needed real proof. In 2023, a team at the University of New South Wales designed a clever experiment to solve this problem. They looked at and recorded participants’ pupil (瞳孔) sizes while showing them bright and dark triangles, carefully watching how their eyes naturally reacted to light changes. Normally, pupils get smaller by themselves in bright light and expand (扩大) in soft light— and this happens even when people just imagine bright or dark objects. However, when people with aphantasia tried to imagine the triangles, their pupils showed no reaction at all. This physical fact provided clear proof that their minds truly don’t create mental images in the same way as other people. This difference makes them find other ways to understand visual things—like using words to describe something, or thinking about space. As Ed Catmull said: “A problem would go somewhere in my brain, and I could work on it even without conscious (有意识的) pictures.” Just like computers process data without “seeing” it, our brains can also understand and create things—even without mental images. Those pictures in our minds might just be a “side effect” of how the brain works. They aren’t the only way we understand the world, or the only way we create things. 1．Which of the following best shows someone with aphantasia? A．A person who designs buildings without imagining them first. B．A person who depends on mental imagery to take good photos. C．A person who can’t remember stories without picturing them. D．A person who uses drawings to explain difficult ideas clearly. 2．What can we learn about people with aphantasia from Ed’s example? A．They develop stronger other senses. B．They may not notice their difference. C．They prefer using words over pictures. D．Their brains process images more slowly. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain how the human brain forms mental images. B．To describe what aphantasia is and its influence on jobs. C．To argue that mental images are not necessary for creativity. D．To introduce how mental images affect people’s creative work. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“心盲症”的现象，即部分人群无法在脑海中主动生成心理意象。文章通过具体案例和科学实验，探讨了心盲症的特点，并指出缺乏心理意象并不妨碍人们在视觉创意领域取得成功。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Scientists call this condition ‘aphantasia’, the inability to actively make mental images”可知，心盲症患者的核心特征是无法在脑海中主动形成画面。因此，一个不需要事先想象就能设计建筑的人，其行为模式最符合心盲症患者依靠非视觉化思维工作的特点。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“He didn’t know he had aphantasia until he was in his 60s”可知，Ed Catmull作为心盲症患者，在很长一段时间里并未意识到自己与常人的不同，这说明心盲症患者可能并未察觉到自身的这一差异。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通览全文，文章在介绍了心盲症之后，核心论据——从Ed Catmull的成功到皮克斯艺术家的案例，再到科学实验的证实——都旨在说明“缺乏心理意象同样可以拥有卓越的创造力”。根据文章第3段“This finding raised a key question: Do you really need mental images to be creative in visual jobs?”以及最后一段的总结“They aren’t the only way we understand the world, or the only way we create things”可知，作者的写作目的主要是为了论证心理意象并非创造力的必要条件。故选C。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期中）Soft robots are a new and exciting type of robot. They are very different from the traditional robots you might see in factories. Those robots are often made from hard metal and plastic, but soft robots are built from special and bendable (可弯曲的) materials. These new materials can bend, stretch, and change shapes, making new robots real “Transformers”. Because they are so soft and flexible, they can move through very narrow spaces and complex (复杂的) paths. This makes them perfect for tasks inside the human body, where they can travel without causing any damage (危害). However, for a long time, scientists faced a big challenge. It was very difficult to add sensors to these soft robots. Sensors are like the robot’s “eyes” and “ears”; they help the robot understand its environment. Without them, the robot couldn’t be truly useful. Researcher Larry Cheng from Penn State University explained, “The key was making them smart. We needed robots that could sense the world around them and then act independently.” The solution to this problem was to create special electronic parts that can also bend. Traditional electronics are hard and stiff, and they would stop the soft robot from moving properly. Cheng’s team worked on a new design. They used soft and bendable electronics and spread them across the robot’s body like a net. They also added tiny magnetic (磁性的) materials inside the robot’s soft body. Now, by using magnets from the outside, doctors or rescuers can control the robot wirelessly. The robot can crawl, roll, and twist, all without needing any batteries or wires. Of course, developing this technology was not easy. The team had to solve two main problems. First, even bendable electronics were still much harder than the robot’s very soft material. Cheng described their creative solution: “We put the electronics together like puzzle pieces. This way, they could fit and connect with each other but still bent when the robot moved.” The second problem was that the magnetic fields used for control could interfere with the electronic signals. As a result, sensors can’t be connected with the signals. To fix this, the team had to carefully redesign the circuit (电路) to protect them from the magnets, making sure that the sensors stay accurate (准确的). Thanks to these improvements, these smart soft robots can now work with much less human guidance. Imagine an earthquake rescue scene: a small, soft robot could go through the cracks in the damaged buildings to find the injured people who are unable to escape out by sensing their body heat. In medicine, the applications are even more amazing. A medical version could sense chemical changes in the body and carry drugs exactly to the place that needs treatment. Researchers are already developing a robot as small as a pill: “It could go into a patient’s body,” said Korean scientist Suk-Won Hwang, Cheng’s partner. “It could then examine the working system inside the body, collect samples, or even treat diseases without any operation or cut.” Looking even further into the future, the team plans to create tiny new soft robots for blood tubes treatments. “If we can make them small enough to get into blood tubes, they could help repair heart problems or carry medicine directly to cancer cells,” Cheng described. These future robots don’t have names yet. There is a fun idea that the public might help suggest names for them. When asked about this naming possibility, Cheng laughed and said, “That’s a fun idea!” It seems that the future of soft robots is not only smart but also full of creativity. 1．What is the biggest advantage of soft robots? A．Simple control. B．Cheap and soft materials. C．Attractive designs. D．Free movements in narrow spaces. 2．What do the underlined words “interfere with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Connect. B．Avoid. C．Jam. D．Influence. 3．What can we learn about future medical treatments in paragraph 5? A．Robots will replace doctors. B．Treatment costs will fall a lot. C．Patients may not need drugs any more. D．Certain operations may become unnecessary. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Robots That Can Sense Their World B．Robots for Rescue and Medical Care C．A New Robot: Bending into the Future D．A Little Doctor: Robots in Future Medicine 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了软体机器人的特性、研发过程中遇到的挑战及解决方案，以及其在救援和医疗领域的潜在应用，展现了软体机器人充满创意的未来。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Because they are so soft and flexible, they can move through very narrow spaces and complex (复杂的) paths.”可知，软体机器人最大的优势是它们非常柔软灵活，能够在非常狭窄的空间和复杂的路径中移动，即“在狭窄空间中自由移动”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The second problem was that the magnetic fields used for control could interfere with the electronic signals. As a result, sensors can’t be connected with the signals.”可知，第二个问题是用于控制的磁场会干扰电子信号，导致传感器无法与信号连接。根据上下文可推测，interfere with在此处意为“干扰”，与jam（干扰、堵塞）意思相近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“It could then examine the working system inside the body, collect samples, or even treat diseases without any operation or cut.”可知，未来的医疗机器人可以检查身体内部的工作系统，收集样本，甚至无需任何手术或切割就能治疗疾病，即某些手术可能变得不必要。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了软体机器人的特性、研发过程中遇到的挑战及解决方案，以及其在救援和医疗领域的潜在应用，展现了软体机器人充满创意的未来。选项C“一种新机器人：弯曲走向未来”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）What if, whenever we faced any challenge, we stopped and asked, “What if?” What if we challenged the rules and started thinking outside the box? Thinking outside the box is a metaphor (隐喻) often used to describe different, or creative thinking. It shows up in simple things like using paper to make crafts—instead of just writing on them—for example. According to Fast Company, the term came into use in the 1970s. Management consultants (顾问) would give clients a 9-dot puzzle and ask them to connect the dots with only 4 lines. Naturally, this task requires some lateral thinking (跨界思维), so the consultants would encourage their clients to “think outside the box.” In this case, in order to come up with an innovative solution, they needed to look beyond the box and create something else. One thing stands out for us from this exercise. At first, you see a box. To draw those 4 lines, you have to first use up all the ways within the box. Only then can you realize that the problem is the box itself. You come to that realization after understanding the box and uncovering its limitations. To think outside the box is to fully understand the current situation—then challenge it. Thinking outside the box helps you to solve challenging problems. It allows you to look beyond a narrow view to find answers that would not exist otherwise. Thinking outside the box also forces you to widen your horizon. And when you widen your horizon, you become aware of opportunities. Diversity of experience, divergent thinking (发散思维), and a willingness to take risks encourage people to grow. Thinking small keeps us small. When we stay within our comfort zone, taking risks, growing, and challenging the norm all seem much more frightening. To become an effective leader, or a team member, think outside the box. Whatever you do, think twice: First in the box, then outside the box. Outside-the-box thinking often breaks the routines and may sound ridiculous (荒谬的). But without thinking outside the box, these people, like Thomas Edison, Isaac Newton, wouldn’t have changed the world in the way they did. Master the established rules of your craft, apply them and if they’re not bringing results, allow yourself to start thinking outside the box. You’ll be glad you did. 1．Which of the following is an example of the “lateral thinking”? A．Using a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. B．Buying milk at a grocery store. C．Taking an elevator to the office. D．Watching TV in the evening. 2．What does the sentence “Thinking small keeps us small.” mean in paragraph 5? A．Small thinking helps achieve big goals. B．Avoiding challenges and risks limits personal growth. C．Big thinking leads to unnecessary risks and problems. D．Small thinking is key to staying safe and comfortable. 3．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Story Behind the Nine-Dot Puzzle B．Unlock Creative Thinking by Looking Beyond C．Safe Thinking holds You Back D．Master the Rules and Don’t Break Them 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文主要围绕跳出思维定式展开，全面阐述其相关内涵与价值，并倡导人们践行这种创造性思维。 1．推理判断题。根据“Naturally, this task requires some lateral thinking, so the consultants would encourage their clients to ‘think outside the box.’”可知，跨界思维即跳出思维定式，因此可推断用塑料瓶做喂鸟器突破了塑料瓶的常规使用场景，体现了创造性，符合跨界思维。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段可知，跳出思维定式能帮助解决问题、拓宽视野、发现机会，而待在舒适区、不敢冒险、不挑战常规会让人难以成长，因此Thinking small keeps us small在此处指局限于常规、不敢突破的保守思维，会限制个人发展。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据文章可知，本文核心围绕跳出思维定式展开，介绍了其定义、起源、作用及实践建议，核心是倡导通过突破常规来激发创造性思维，因此文章的标题应为通过超越局限来开启创造性思维。故选B。   Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·北京·期中）If you’ve ever had to cut short a backyard dinner because of buzzing mosquitoes (蚊子) or worried about yourself getting bitten while playing at the community park, you know how annoying these little insects can be. Worse than that, mosquitoes carry diseases like dengue fever (登革热). This problem has become a bigger problem in parts of China lately, especially as cities grow and the weather changes. For years, we’ve used chemical sprays (喷雾) to kill them, but those often do more harm than good. They pollute the water in the park’s small pond, and what’s worse, they make bees sick, which is a problem because we need bees to help flowers and vegetables grow. That’s why scientists came up with the smart “mosquito vs mosquito” plan. It worked and kept our neighborhoods safe for everyone while building a greener living environment. The start of this plan is a special “mosquito factory” in Guangzhou’s Huangpu district. When it’s running at its busiest, it can produce 5 million male mosquitoes every week, all of which have a small but important change to their genes. Each of these males has a type of bacteria called Wolbachia (沃尔巴克氏菌), and here’s the good part: they’re totally harmless to us. Unlike female mosquitoes (the ones that bite you for blood), males don’t need blood at all. So how do they help? When these lab-raised males mate with wild females that don’t have Wolbachia, a biological mismatch causes the eggs they lay to fail to develop into baby mosquitoes. But the plan doesn’t stop there. Scientists also use another helper, which is a type of big, pretty mosquitoes called Toxorhynchites splendens (华丽巨蚊). Not long ago, researchers from Sun Yat-sen University let 75 of these mosquitoes be freed in Foshan’s community parks, the same places where families might walk the dog or kids might chase butterflies. These big mosquitoes are natural enemies of the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (the ones that spread diseases). Their larvae can control harmful mosquitoes because their babies live in the same small pools of water that harmful mosquitoes love. So people should empty the water from flower pots or old plastic bottles left in the grass. As there’s less water for harmful mosquitoes to lay eggs in, the harmful mosquito larvae (幼虫) get crowded into the few pools that remain. This makes it easy for the giant mosquito larvae to eat 80-100 of them as they grow. Best of all, adult giant mosquitoes only feed on plant sap and flower nectar and they won’t trouble people or pets at all. Early results are promising. In one small village in Guangzhou, using just the lab-raised males kept dengue fever away for seven years straight. However, getting this to work in big cities isn’t easy. For one thing, the factory costs a lot to run. For another, some people in neighborhoods don’t fully understand the plan. Once, a few residents poured out the water from their flower pots (where the big mosquito babies were living), which killed the big mosquito babies, because they didn’t know those babies were actually helping control the bad mosquitoes. Those baby mosquitoes are a small but important part of protecting the community environment. Even with these small problems, scientists think this “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is the way to go. They say we should use both methods together to keep mosquito numbers down for a long time without messing up the environment. “We’re not fighting nature here,” a lead researcher said, “We’re working with it to make the places we live, work, and play safer.” The goal is to solve problems not just for now, but in a way that keeps our neighborhoods green and healthy for years to come. This is exactly what we need to do to build a better living space for everyone. 1．What can we learn about the lab-raised male mosquitoes from Paragraph 2? A．They have passed safety tests and are safe to release in communities. B．They are the same as wild mosquitoes except for carrying Wolbachia. C．They are raised in large numbers to bite and kill wild female mosquitoes. D．They will die after mating with wild female mosquitoes. 2．What can we infer about the “mosquito vs mosquito” plan from Paragraph 4? A．It is not as effective as using chemical sprays. B．It needs a lot of money and help from local people. C．It is only suitable for large cities like Foshan. D．It will be widely used in China in the near future. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is now being widely used in Foshan. B．The big, pretty mosquitoes can eat 80 to 100 harmful larvae in their whole life. C．The “mosquito vs mosquito” plan is a greener way to control mosquitoes than chemical sprays. D．The lab-raised mosquitoes will finally reduce the number of wild mosquitoes in Foshan. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家提出的“蚊子对抗蚊子”计划，该计划旨在通过培育携带沃尔巴克氏菌的雄性蚊子以及利用华丽巨蚊来控制有害蚊子数量，从而减少蚊子传播的疾病，同时保护环境。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第2段提到“they’re totally harmless to us”，说明实验室培育的雄蚊子对人类无害，可安全投放到社区，符合选项A的描述。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, getting this to work in big cities isn’t easy. For one thing, the factory costs a lot to run. For another, some people in neighborhoods don’t fully understand the plan.”可知，“蚊子对抗蚊子”计划需要大量的资金投入，并且需要当地居民的理解和配合。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For years, we’ve used chemical sprays (喷雾) to kill them, but those often do more harm than good. They pollute the water in the park’s small pond, and what’s worse, they make bees sick, which is a problem because we need bees to help flowers and vegetables grow. That’s why scientists came up with the smart “mosquito vs mosquito” plan. It worked and kept our neighborhoods safe for everyone while building a greener living environment.”可知，与化学喷雾相比，“蚊子对抗蚊子”计划是一种更环保的控制蚊子的方法。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·北京密云·期中）Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct (本能) for facial mimicry (模仿) allows us to understand and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences. In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others’ facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you’re with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you’re doing so. In “trying on” your friend’s expression, it helps you to recognize what they’re feeling by connecting with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds. “You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you form some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the right action—you go near the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.” A person’s ability to recognize and “share” others’ emotions can be prevented when they can’t mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases like facial paralysis (瘫痪) caused by nerve damage from plastic surgery (手术). Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed other ways of recognizing emotions. People with social disorders like autism (自闭症), can also experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact (接触),” Niedenthal says. Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders. 1．According to the passage, facial mimicry helps ________. A．react to others’ expressions properly B．change others’ emotions quickly C．develop friendship with others easily D．experience one’s own feelings clearly 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5? A．People with motor diseases may also suffer from autism. B．People born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions. C．People with social disorders can’t have eye contact with others. D．People receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in copying faces. 3．According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on ________. A．how we can treat brain disorders B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expressions 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how people react positively to others’ smiles. B．To draw people’s attention to those with social disorders. C．To introduce people’s ability to recognize facial expressions. D．To explain how emotional mirroring helps people feel for others. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了面部模仿如何帮助人们体验和理解他人的情感，以及这种能力对社交互动的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.”可知，面部模仿的作用是帮助人们正确应对他人表情。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed other ways of recognizing emotions.”可知，如果你没有模仿表情的能力，会发展出其他识别情绪的方式，由此可知，先天面部瘫痪者仍能识别情绪。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.”可知，Niedenthal下一步想探究大脑中哪个部位有助于面部表情识别。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Growing evidence shows that an instinct (本能) for facial mimicry (模仿) allows us to understand and even experience other people’s feelings.”及全文可知，本文主要探讨了面部模仿如何帮助人们体验和理解他人的情感，旨在解释情感镜像如何帮助人们共情。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $