专题07 完形填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题07 完形填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a loud “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can also bring lots of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm hug 2 even help you avoid getting sick this winter. In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants’ developing the common cold after 3 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were 4 to come down with a cold, and the researchers 5 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging explained about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. Even among those 6 got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more hugs had less severe symptoms. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the increased risk for colds that is usually associated with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. “Hugging is a marker of a very close relationship and helps to cause the feeling 7 others are there to help in the face of difficulties.” Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin (催产素), often called “the bonding hormone” (亲密荷尔蒙), 8 it promotes attachment (依恋) in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin 9 mainly in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it remains in the brain, 10 it influences mood, behavior and physiology. 1. A. While B. After C. Besides D. Except 2. A. might B. must C. should D. need 3. A. having exposed B. exposing C. being exposing D. being exposed 4. A. more likely B. less likely C. the most likely D. the least likely 5. A. find B. found C. had found D. would find 6. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 7. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 8. A. because B. so C. although D. but 9. A. is made B. has made C. makes D. made 10. A. when B. where C. that D. which （二） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it. I 1 it. Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury, for a small 2 . Like most other well affordable modern luxuries though, there are hidden 3 . And it’s increasingly harder to pretend we couldn’t see them. A headline in the Washington Post read, “Restaurants are barely 4 . Delivery apps will kill them.” Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies. But the most apparent impact is on human lives. Delivery riders have been 5 in accidents while trying to complete their orders. These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working 6 for riders. One friend said to me, “I can’t 7 the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert.” That was it. I 8 the app and haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since. Instead of ordering on a whim (一时兴起), now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance. This approach has saved me a lot of money. As with a lot of online shopping, I’d been ordering food mindlessly, giving only a brief thought to its price and value. Cooking is almost always 9 and so is old-school takeaway. All of these changes have cost me one thing — time. One reason the apps are so popular is that so many people are burned out, stressed or attracted by 10 . With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already 11 , and the shops were all closed. Having to plan meals again actually made my life less 12 . Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions. Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your 13 . Walking to pick up takeaway forces you to, well, go for a walk. The change in habit forced me to be on my devices a bit less and to be in my actual life and neighbourhood a bit more. The process has made me think about how a lot of technological 14 do save us time, but time for what? For me, the answer was often just more time working, or more time online. Making my own food feels like taking back time I had 15 for things far less nourishing (有营养的). 1. A. doubted B. feared C. hated D. loved 2. A. clue B. error C. favor D. fee 3. A. costs B. crimes C. dangers D. taxes 4. A. engaging B. relaxing C. suffering D. surviving 5. A. cursed B. killed C. rejected D. tricked 6. A. achievement B. conditions C. motivation D. relationships 7. A. bear B. criticize C. express D. recall 8. A. deleted B. developed C. forgave D. monitored 9. A. cheaper B. friendlier C. safer D. quicker 10. A. convenience B. intelligence C. mystery D. uncertainty 11. A. curious B. full C. hungry D. sick 12. A. artificial B. fulfilling C. relevant D. stressful 13. A. attention B. ambition C. consideration D. supervision 14. A. advances B. challenges C. reviews D. licences 15. A. checked out B. given up C. looked for D. set up （三） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）The people of the Makah Nation have lived on Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula for thousands of years. They call themselves Kwi-dich-cha-at, which 1 “people who live by rocks and seagulls.” The shorter name of Makah, given to them by neighboring Native American peoples, means “generous with food.” Before the white settlers arrived in the American Northwest, the Makah hunted gray and humpback whales from canoes made from the western red cedar tree. Whales 2 meat, blubber (鲸脂), and bone for food, oil, and utensils. The Makah enjoyed a lively trade in whale products with other Native Americans and later with an intensity and efficiency that quickly 3 the numbers of these creatures. The Makah relationship to the whales, on the other hand, was as much 4 as material. Whales and whaling were 5 in their songs and dances. Images of whales were 6 into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood. By the 1920s, with local whales on the brink (边缘) of 7 , the Makah stopped hunting them altogether. Through 8 preservation measures, whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon. In the 1970s, archeologists (考古学家) discovered many objects that confirmed the long and significant relationship between the Makah and whales. This awareness 9 a cultural resurgence (复兴) that included a focus on traditional foods and the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet, especially the 10 of sea mammal meat from it. Eventually, the Makah decided to resume hunting whales. 11 their plans faced strong opposition from different groups, they cited an 1885 treaty (条约) signed with the US government that 12 the right to continue this practice. After years of planning, the Makah scheduled the first hunt for the late fall of 1998. They succeeded in bringing in a gray whale about six months later. Today the Makah hunt whales in the 13 way. Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking. The whales are finally towed to shore and cut into pieces 14 traditional rituals (仪式). The blubber and meat is distributed among Makah families. No part of the whale can be sold 15 , although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase. 1. A. guides B. boasts C. means D. indicates 2. A. provided B. produced C. confused D. wasted 3. A. decreased B. increased C. limited D. divided 4. A. artificial B. theoretical C. spiritual D. physical 5. A. rhythm B. subjects C. influence D. targets 6. A. put B. transferred C. printed D. woven 7. A. extinction B. collapse C. destruction D. disaster 8. A. simple B. moderate C. aggressive D. contemporary 9. A. contributed to B. added to C. referred to D. responded to 10. A. abundance B. disappearance C. diversity D. familiarity 11. A. Where B. Since C. If D. Although 12. A. demanded B. had C. retained D. guaranteed 13. A. convenient B. traditional C. practical D. proper 14.A. in accordance with B. with regard to C. in place of D. at the cost of 15. A. globally B. secretly C. commercially D. cheaply （四） （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 1 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 2 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 3 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 4 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 5 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 6 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 7 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 8 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 9 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 10 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 11 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 12 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 13 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 14 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 15 . 1. A. complaint B. assignment C. theory D. essay 2. A. practical B. vast C. adequate D. complex 3. A. proof B. quantity C. hope D. chance 4. A. for example B. by contrast C. in addition D. above all 5. A. discussion B. report C. misunderstanding D. feeling 6. A. embarrassed B. fixed C. confused D. pleased 7. A. avoid B. maintain C. cancel D. boost 8. A. best-selling B. printed C. amazing D. certified 9. A. challenging B. preventing C. applauding D. wasting 10. A. let alone B. regardless of C. as to D. in spite of 11. A. give up B. compete with C. race against D. stick to 12. A. send B. burden C. miss D. owe 13. A. responsibility B. investment C. memory D. attitude 14. A. absorbed B. signaled C. earned D. broadcast 15. A. reflect on B. take out C. subject to D. tear apart （五） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Shop Online or Stand in Line? If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again. A recent study on the environmental impact of shopping online versus brick-and-mortar (实体店) found that 1 shopping can be up to 60% more environmentally sustainable than online shopping. If you’re wondering why, here are some answers. Online items typically require 2 containers or plastic to ship them safely. They are also likely to come from different distribution centres. According to experts, these two factors 3 higher greenhouse gas emissions per item. In fact, compared with those generated by the plastic or paper bag shoppers typically bring home, 4 for online orders can create five times more emissions. Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows you need to 5 after your online purchases have been delivered, some of which are not recyclable. Buyer 6 is another reason. When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store, they 7 to bulk buy (大量购买). By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions than the delivery vans travelling to and from distribution centres and multiple drop-off addresses. 8 , when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops. Emissions are thus 9 since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases. A further significant impact on the environment caused by vehicle emissions is the 10 of returned products purchased online: 40% compared to 7% bought in store. Someone in a vehicle has to take them back. In the future, this may 11 . Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和) by 2040. To help reach this target, it started by buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles (thousands of which are already on the road) and it plans to have them all 13 by 2030. Of course, this holds true in countries where people mostly drive, so it really 14 the country and its consumer behaviour. Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact. 15 , when you’re thinking about how convenient it is to purchase that one item online, take a moment to consider the carbon footprint of doing so. 1. A. regular B. window C. physical D. virtual 2. A. additional B. classical C. standard D. attractive 3. A. court on B. result in C. respond to D. take over 4. A. coating B. covering C. dressing D. packaging 5. A. make use of B. get rid of C. keep up with D. take charge of 6. A. behavior B. need C. preference D. wisdom 7. A. afford B. offer C. tend D. vote 8. A. Above all B. As a result C. By contrast D. What’s more 9. A. avoided B. multiplied C. reduced D. spread 10. A. degree B. frequency C. price D. value 11. A. change B. continue C. suffer D. worsen 12. A. energy-efficient B. cost-saving C. time-consuming D. user-friendly 13. A. at hand B. in operation C. in common D. within reach 14. A. belongs to B. benefits from C. contributes to D. depends on 15. A. However B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. Therefore （六） （25-26高一上·上海青浦高级中学·期中）How You Search the Internet Can Strengthen Your Beliefs People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs — worsening disagreements. This polarization (两极化) is not 1 to political opinions; it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination. And social media is not the only 2 contributing to it, according to a recent study 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. It turns out that people use search engines in ways that 4 their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization. The researchers suggest that a simple 5 to search algorithms (搜索算法) could help provide a wider variety of perspectives. Online participants were asked to rate their beliefs on six topics, including nuclear energy and caffeine’s health effects. They then 6 search terms (搜索关键词) to learn more about each topic. The researchers 7 the range of the terms and found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow”. 8 , when researching the health effects of caffeine, one participant used “caffeine negative effects”, whereas others used “benefits of caffeine”. These narrow terms tended to 9 participants’ existing beliefs, and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly. “People often pick search terms that 10 what they believe, without realizing it,” says Eugenia Leung of Tulane University’s business school, who led the study. “Search algorithms are designed to give the most 11 answers for whatever we type, which 12 to support what we already thought.” 13 , this pattern worked when participants used ChatGPT and Bing for searches assisted by artificial intelligence. When the researchers randomly (随机地) 14 participants to view different results, they saw those results affect people’s opinions and even behavior. For instance, participants who saw search results using “nuclear energy is good” held a more positive view about nuclear energy afterward than those using “nuclear energy is bad”. People who saw results using “caffeine health benefits”, rather than “ 15 ”, were more likely to choose a caffeinated drink afterward. 1. A. pressured B. set C. delivered D. limited 2. A. factor B. result C. solution D. problem 3. A. announced B. published C. released D. advertised 4. A. allow B. expect C. change D. deepen 5. A. adjustment B. connection C. limitation D. agreement 6. A. made B. included C. chose D. ignored 7. A. collect B. update C. calculate D. evaluate 8. A. On the whole B. On the contrary C. In short D. For example 9. A. confuse B. match C. oppose D. understand 10. A. reflect B. repeat C. review D. recycle 11. A. relevant B. available C. capable D. genuine 12. A. turns out B. sets out C. gets down D. goes on 13. A. Obviously B. Similarly C. Ironically D. Fortunately 14. A. forced B. assigned C. enabled D. ordered 15. A. symptoms B. mistakes C. risks D. strengths （七） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and finding hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone. The ancient Romans experienced the same 1 with their apartments. From mean landlords to sanitation (卫生) problems, pests to smells, Roman urban living was no walk in the park. Even in the very early days of Rome, people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters. This collection of animals of every kind mixed together made life 2 for common citizens. And the close contact 3 diseases. Roman rented residences were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island. The insulae, often 4 six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, housed poor workers who couldn’t 5 a traditional domus, or private house. By the fourth century A.D., there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as opposed to fewer than 2,000 private homes. Many people were _ 6 into their quarters. Apartments on the lower floor would be the easiest for entry and exit, and therefore belong to the 7 renters — while unfortunate individuals were thrown on higher floors in tiny rooms. Though made of concrete brick, insulae were usually weakly built, thanks to poor craftsmanship and little funding. They usually collapsed and killed passers-by. 8 , emperors 9 how high landlords could construct insulae. The maximum building height was 60 feet. According to the law, then, builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to ensure the 10 of the building. However, it didn’t work so well, especially since building codes were 11 by the landlords in order to save on the construction cost, and most renters were too poor to charge the landlords. Therefore, life-threatening accidents usually happened. Even if insulae didn’t fall down, they could be so 12 as to be washed away in a flood. That’s about the only time their inhabitants would 13 clean natural water, since there was rarely in-home plumbing (水管)in an apartment. What’s more, the insulae caught fire frequently, leaving Rome with a vicious (恶性的) 14 of houses burning down and collapsing, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more. Indeed, rather than being in nature’s hands, some collapses were 15 since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents. 1. A. annoyance B. complaint C. history D. consequence 2. A. unlimited B. miserable C. realistic D. expensive 3. A. spread B. tested C. combated D. diagnosed 4.A. consisting of B. taking advantage of C. belonging to D. relying on 5. A. sell B. afford C. decorate D. visit 6. A. mixed B. filled C. squeezed D. invited 7. A. general B. legal C. wealthy D. sociable 8. A. To sum up B. As a result C. In addition D. By contrast 9. A. restricted B. solved C. threatened D. evaluated 10. A. privacy B. temperature C. outlook D. safety 11. A. strengthened B. ignored C. followed D. drafted 12. A. cheap B. vacant C. insignificant D. shaky 13. A. give credit to B. bring life to C. have access to D. take control of 14. A. cycle B. punishment C. treatment D. fight 15. A. unexpected B. intentional C. destructive D. gradual （一） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed 1 in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and 2 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most 3 were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.” As with everything in life, happiness has its 4 . Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals – known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)－is 5 . It leads to a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are 6 to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 7 how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with 8 causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To 9 these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 10 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater 11 than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. 12 , the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so 13 many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 14 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully 15 the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive. 1. A. unwillingly B. unpleasantly C. admirably D. incredibly 2. A. generated B. increased C. tracked D. drained 3. A. joyful B. wealthy C. successful D. distinctive 4. A. advantage B. balance C. opportunity D. preference 5. A. fruitful B. significant C. priceless D. rewardless 6. A. desperate B. hesitant C. likely D. willing 7. A. centers on B. agrees with C. benefits from D. applies to 8. A. performance B. discipline C. uncertainty D. ignorance 9. A. conceal B. create C. tolerate D. avoid 10. A. necessarily B. inevitably C. similarly D. deliberately 11. A. fascination B. rewards C. depression D. challenges 12. A. In fact B. That is to say C. For instance D. In turn 13. A. harvests B. encounters C. designs D. sacrifices 14. A. happiness B. wealth C. dishonor D. suffering 15. A. escape B. predict C. experience D. produce （二） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）More and more shoppers are buying things online these days, allowing them to 1 aggressive salespeople and long lines at checkout counters. Despite online convenience, 2 , there are some items-like clothes-that customers prefer to 3 before buying. In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores and 4 the gap between online and in-store retail (零售). A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer, has created a fast and painless shopping 5 for its customers. Shoppers walk into a Hointer store and select one of the many pairs of jeans 6 down from bars. Then they point their smartphones at the tag and start the Hointer app, after which they select the size and press “try on.” The app then directs them to a specific dressing room. German-made robots bring out the 7 jeans and deliver them through a chute (斜槽) to the dressing room in about 30 seconds. Immediately after unwanted pairs of jeans are dropped through another chute, the “outbox”, they disappear from the list in the app. Purchases at Hointer are made with a swipe (刷卡) of a credit card. And interacting with a salesperson is optional! This allows Hointer to hire fewer people and 8 on their ultimate goal: developing 9 that supports a retail revolution. Men’s clothing retailer Bonobos has 10 a more personalized shopping experience. Although it is, in fact, an online retailer, Bonobos has decided to open a handful of physical stores called Guideshops. Shoppers make a (n) 11 online before arriving at a Guideshop, where they receive one-on-one 12 from a fitting guide. Because these shops have limited inventories (存货), shoppers aren’t able to take home the outfits they select. 13 , it is not a big problem because the fitting guides will help shoppers make online purchases before they leave, after which the items will be 14 to customers in one or two days. While Hointer focuses on convenience, Bonobos Guideshops focus on customer service. But both efforts have one thing 15 : giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century. 1. A. respect B. avoid C. maintain D. admit 2. A. however B. therefore C. anyway D. moreover 3. A. convince B. permit C. ensure D. examine 4. A. break B. bridge C. widen D. deepen 5. A. experience B. mall C. direction D. principle 6. A. hiding B. hanging C. storing D. labeling 7. A. desired B. well-designed C. promoted D. unwanted 8. A. comment B. reflect C. bake D. concentrate 9. A. employment B. effect C. technology D. market 10.A. come up with B. looked forward to C. looked up D. brought up 11. A. decision B. appointment C. contribution D. impression 12. A. impact B. instruction C. notice D. attention 13. A. However B. Therefore C. What’s more D. For instance 14. A. presented B. packaged C. delivered D. divided 15. A. in conclusion B. in common C. in addition D. in brief （三） （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be 1 that people from other cultures say what you can’t talk about. Paying attention to what people don’t 2 can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的）may also be avoided. America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will 3 both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues(种族问题). Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and 4 . Americans believe it’s best to avoid them — especially at social gatherings. Many Americans also do not feel 5 talking about their personal income, age or health. 6 , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests. What do these taboos tell us about American 7 ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on 8 . America certainly isn’t the only place that values it. You will find 9 taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. “This is especially true in Germany”, says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. “In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people’s personal business,” she says. “But there are no 10 rules about what you can’t ask; it’s just in people’s minds.” In Brazil, 11 , almost anything seems open to discussion. “Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues,” says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything 12 about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be 13 . Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business 14 . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting(夸大) your achievements will only make you the 15 of other people’s jokes. And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn’t said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture. 1. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved 2. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss 3. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on 4. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships 5. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed 6. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead 7. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams 8. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom 9. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive 10. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic 11. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow 12. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative 13. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional 14. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures 15. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter （四） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. Here are the three most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period“. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 languages, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat practice in a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to 6 a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use 7 methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the 8 can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course that 9 the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking ). For self-study, try a 10 of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. 11 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 12 or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 13 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 14 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 15 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore 2. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. contributions 3. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with 4. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. pleasant 5. A. national B. official C. signal D. target 6. A. make sense of B. make use of C. make profit of D. make fun of 7. A. common B. educational C. lasting D. multiple 8. A. variety B. change C. improvement D. choices 9. A. delivers B. lacks C. measures D. includes 10. A. selection B. preference C. combination D. decoration 11. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Safety D. Limitation 12. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter 13. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 14. A. amaze B. ignore C. ruin D. embarrass 15. A. if B. before C. in case D. so that （五） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Who Cooks the Most in Your Home? Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a 1 left to clean up at the end. Who 2 most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The 3 , of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in 4 of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation (平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty 5 , Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘ 6 ’ ticket— they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, 7 them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme 8 ,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore (苦差事) ; it is a part of their 9 ,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to 10 the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some 11 . He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and 12 it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s 13 : “Maybe we just have to 14 the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and 15 a great skill for their kids.” 1. A. gift B. mess C. tip D. warning 2. A. depends on B. longs for C. takes up D. turns down 3. A. disadvantage B. imbalance C. misunderstanding D. uncertainty 4. A. charge B. favor C. search D. pursuit 5. A. accurately B. fairly C. randomly D. strangely 6. A. cheap B. easy C. fresh D. rare 7. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. scared D. surprised 8. A. anxiety B. pressure C. pride D. shame 9. A. generosity B. identity C. opportunity D. personality 10. A. abandon B. embrace C. resist D. suspect 11.A. cooking basics B. gardening essentials C. language skills D. math principles 12.A. fallen in love with B. kept in touch with C. lost interest in D. make fun of 13. A. advice B. dream C. lead D. trouble 14. A. beg B. encourage C. force D. permit 15. A. fetching B. modeling C. ordering D. providing （六） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）A Roman Holiday Last week I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas 1 . Here are the things that I loved about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites from its 2 past. These include the Roman Forum, which was once the 3 of public and political life in Ancient Rome, as well as the vast Coliseum, the largest outdoor theatre ever built and one of the greatest wonders in the world. The 4 of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at school and was excited to see them in real life. When I walked around the museum in Vatican City, I saw plenty of famous 5 . The best part of the visit was, without doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a large offering of 6 for tourists, but some of it isn’t very good in quality. I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals of the 7 , like pasta with tomatoes, onions and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and drinking hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has not only lots of 8 stores, but also plenty of shops that are in my price range. It was a perfect 9 to buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love visiting new places, especially 10 cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer. Hopefully I’ll travel even more in the future. 1. A. descriptions B. elements C. materials D. decorations 2. A. global B. original C. distant D. traditional 3. A. organization B. center C. routine D. destination 4. A. remains B. entrances C. settlements D. positions 5. A. structures B. sculptures C. weapons D. aspects 6. A. food B. site C. schedule D. exploration 7. A. downtown B. statue C. facility D. region 8. A. crowded B. energetic C. fancy D. convenient 9. A. behavior B. opinion C. feature D. opportunity 10. A. capital B. high-end C. unique D. shocked （七） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）It’s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of the habits are not good enough. Here are the two most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period”. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. 6 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 7 or insecurity hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 8 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 9 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 10 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore 2. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. efforts 3. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with 4. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. ideal 5. A. national B. official C. native D. target 6. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Secure D. Memory 7. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter 8. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 9. A. amaze B. inform C. remind D. embarrass 10. A. if B. before C. in case D. unless （八） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing. Here’s a look at some of the benefits that come with 1 sports and exercise. One of the most obvious benefits of students participating in sports is the improvement in 2 health. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, 3 the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system. Students who are physically active often report having more energy. Another advantage is the 4 impact on mental health. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and 5 which are common issues among students 6 academic pressure. Physical activity releases endorphins, the “feel-good” hormones, which can 7 mood and overall mental well-being. Participating in team sports can also enhance 8 skills. Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership. These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom and later in the 9 world. Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance. Studies have shown that students who exercise 10 tend to have improved concentration, memory, and cognitive function. This can lead to better 11 achievements and a more successful educational experience. Engaging in sports can also help students develop important life skills such as discipline, perseverance, and time management. These traits are essential for setting and achieving 12 , both in sports and in personal aspects of life. 13 , regular physical activity can play a crucial role in building self-confidence and self-esteem. As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance, they gain a sense of 14 that can boost their self-worth. This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives, making them more likely to take on new challenges and pursue their dreams with 15 . 1.A. adapting to B. engaging in C. accounting for D. complaining about 2. A. physical B. mental C. emotional D. financial 3. A. increase B. support C. boost D. reduce 4. A. negative B. ideal C. positive D. short 5. A. anxiety B. happiness C. commitment D. relaxation 6. A. in addition to B. instead of C. due to D. regardless of 7. A. decrease B. improve C. affect D. ignore 8. A. academic B. genuine C. social D. personal 9. A. professional B. amateur C. inexperienced D. fantasy 10. A. rarely B. regularly C. hardly D. immediately 11. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. administrative 12. A. plans B. goals C. skills D. obstacles 13. A. However B. Therefore C. Consequently D. Furthermore 14. A. failure B. security C. accomplishment D. responsibility 15. A. luck B. surprise C. enthusiasm D. balance （九） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies? 2 perhaps you are interested in the 3 , films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 4 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practise under the guidance of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 7 lives and learning language takes time. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 8 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming 9 in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 10 ,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any age. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 11 about the mistakes they make when 12 . Well, relax and laugh about your 13 and you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 14 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 15 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in their own language. Good luck 1. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 2. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 3. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 4. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database 5. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 6. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 7. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal 8. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 9. A. bored B. fluent C. interested D. devoted 10. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 11. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 12. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning 13. A. progress B. mistakes C. cleverness D. clumsiness 14. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 15. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed （十） （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）There are lots of books to help people learn how to read literature. I personally didn’t 1 very much of How to Read Literature Like a Professor, but I know it was 2 a few years ago as an introduction on how to think about literature. I would strongly suggest staying away from things that aren’t from your culture until you are better at reading literature, because there is going to be a lot you don’t 3 as an outsider. You won’t have 4 to the same cultural traditions or symbols to understand the literature. Until you feel like you’ve strengthened yourself as a 5 , stick to books from cultures you know very well or yourself 6 . I, for instance, didn’t know anything about Nigeria, or Africa in general, when I first read Things Fall Apart by China Achebe, and now every time I reread it, I’m amazed at my own ignorance. Or even, like, Lord of the Flies. I didn’t know anything about the boarding school adventure genre (类型), so it was just a 7 story to me when it was first given to me. And lastly, remember that you will just get better at 8 . The more you read and the older you are. You will have more experiences to relate literature with and you will have more 9 working with the symbols and cultural references in literature. It’s less of a journey than it is a process — there isn’t a destination where you 10 and you’re suddenly good at literature. 1. A. read B. think C. know D. order 2. A. illegal B. expensive C. unusual D. popular 3. A. need B. possess C. recognize D. understand 4. A. permission B. status C. access D. contribution 5. A. reader B. teacher C. guide D. traveler 6. A. look into B. bring up C. belong to D. deal with 7. A. dull B. common C. traditional D. strange 8. A. reading B. recycling C. speaking D. climbing 9. A. courage B. practice C. energy D. patience 10. A. arrive B. dream C. gather D. celebrate （十一） （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Should You Listen to Music When You Work? Do you like to listen to music when you work? Ask this question at a party, and you’ll probably get 1 responses. Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they find it distracting (分散注意力的) and cannot work 2 with music playing in the background. Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these viewpoints can be true. It just 3 on what sort of work you're doing. In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab to perform a variety of tasks. They included a (n) 4 task — searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task — memorizing word pairs and 5 word to its partner. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, 6 others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instruments being played. Several key findings 7 from our study. We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. However, participants who listened to 8 music performed best on the easy task. On the contrary, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music. How should we 9 these findings? We suggest that people have limited mental resources from which both 10 and tasks can draw. We can become 11 and our minds may wander when these resources are not fully used. But we also can become over-excited and 12 when these resources are used up. Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less 13 during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off. Music might give us the extra 14 we need to overcome the monotony (单调). However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our resources. Listening to music can become too much. So best 15 should appear when we strike “sweet spot”, which may depend on the type of music and the type of task. 1. A. fixed B. similar C. positive D. various 2. A. immediately B. effectively C. exactly D. happily 3. A. carries B. focuses C. depends D. takes 4. A. easy B. familiar C. impossible D. unpleasant 5. A. realizing B. matching C. suggesting D. creating 6. A. until B. when C. since D. while 7. A. appeared B. faded C. survived D. responded 8. A. dull B. reliable C. complex D. necessary 9. A. make up for B. make up C. make use of D. make out 10. A. work B. music C. study D. culture 11. A. surprised B. proud C. afraid D. bored 12. A. interested B. worried C. attracted D. distracted 13. A. engaged B. embarrassed C. frightened D. disgusted 14. A. push B. obstacle C. opportunity D. rule 15. A. action B. performance C. programme D. problem （一） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中） Distraction You know you need to press pause but 1 you’ve lost confidence in your ability to relax. Instead, when life gets 2 , you’ve got into a habit of numbing your feelings and carrying on. You might find yourself endlessly scrolling, binge-watching or 3 without even realizing it. But the more we rely on 4 to cope, the more disconnected we can get from our feelings. You’re particularly vulnerable when you’re overloaded, emotionally depleted or not sure what kind of rest you actually need. And when you’ve got used to constant stimulation, the 5 of slowing down can seem boring, pointless or even terrifying. Your first step towards pressing pause is to notice your go-to distractions with curiosity, not criticism. 6 to what’s inside and try to connect with the feeling under the craving for distraction. Then simply accept it and make space for it — don’t try to analyze or change what you’ re feeling. 7 , ask yourself, what could you try before reaching for your phone — a few moments of conscious breathing, a quick walk, or just 10 minutes focusing on your body and trying to 8 tension? Small moments like this will build your confidence in allowing gaps in your day to remain unfilled, and to see them as opportunities for calm. People- 9 People who 10 on social connections often put everyone else before themselves. Pressing pause will be a challenge if you find it hard to say no, and when you do get time alone, it can feel unfamiliar or even selfish. Your instinct to care for others is a big portion of who you are, but it’s draining your capacity to care for yourself and to slow down. You may fill your days with calls, 11 , or emotional labour, leaving no space to just be. 12 , pressing pause can feel unappealing when you’ re not used to prioritizing your own needs. You may be well aware that you need clearer 13 , but the thought of upsetting others stops you from setting them. However, if you try to pause before you jump in and assume the responsibility for making others feel okay, you might find that a sense of having more time starts to naturally unfold. Although allowing small moments to pause throughout the day is important, you could also benefit from more 14 time on a regular basis, such as a weekly art or yoga class. If guilt creeps in, remind yourself that you don’t have to prove your worth by putting yourself 15 , and your loved ones will also benefit when you are truly flourishing. 1. A. somewhat B. somehow C. anyhow D. anyway 2. A. overdue B. overwhelming C. overestimating D. overweight 3. A. snacking B. exercising C. meditating D. distressing 4. A. construction B. destruction C. distraction D. contraction 5. A. process B. prospect C. proposal D. profession 6. A. Cut in B. Hand in C. Tune in D. Take in 7. A. Indeed B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise 8. A. look up B. let go of C. make up D. set back 9. A. praising B. managing C. pleasing D. watching 10. A. thrive B. insist C. reflect D. comment 11. A. devotion B. commitments C. accomplishments D. communities 12. A. In other words B. In contrast C. In turn D. In addition 13. A. ambitions B. schedules C. boundaries D. expectations 14. A. flexible B. rigid C. prolonged D. structured 15. A. first B. last C. least D. most （二） （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Between 1980 and 2019, the world’s most developed countries saw their birth rates decline from 1.85 to 1.53 per woman. Analyzed across all rich countries, birth rates among those where childcare is fully 1 are as low as those where parents pay expensive fees — the link between births and total spending on family-friendly policies is 2 . This often causes head-scratching, but it should not 3 , the decision on whether to have children, and how many if so, turned out to be about far more than money. Of course, family-friendly policies can have other positive impacts on individuals and on society. They make it easier for those who have already had children to 4 family and work. They ease child poverty. But when it comes to the heavy lifting on birth rates, 5 is more powerful than policy. There are a number of different but related 6 at play. First is the rapid rise of so-called helicopter parenting. The realization that a comfortable life has become impossible to acquire without a top-quality education has sparked intense competition between 7 . They feel pressured to invest huge amounts of time and effort into 8 their kids’ upbringing. In 1965, mothers of young children in developed countries spent an average of an hour a day doing activities with their kids. By 2018 that had risen to three hours, and in Korea approaching four. Korea’s fertility rate (生育率) has dropped to 0.72, while in France, where parenting is much less 9 , birth rates have held up well and now stand at 1.8. The second big reason is changing priorities for young adults. A study last year by Lyman Stone, an economist, shows that the priority that most 10 birth rates among young women is the desire to grow as a person and to focus on their career. 11 over the demands of helicopter parenting also rank high. Childcare costs come in at a lowly 14th place. Finally, and arguably most importantly, the share of young adults in the west living as a couple is in decline. With women increasingly able to support themselves financially, one traditional reason for 12 has faded away. This helps explain why the most recent downward trend in births has been driven by a(n) 13 in the number of young people deciding not to have any child at all. Birth rates in developed countries look virtually unlikely to return to replacement level (生育更替的正常水平) any time soon. If they 14 do so, it will most likely be due to broad social and cultural changes, not policy. There’s nothing wrong with governments pursuing family-friendly packages for other reasons, but if they’re worrying about ageing and shrinking populations, then they need to find other 15 . 1. A. discussed B. investigated C. funded D. illustrated 2. A. profound B. temporary C. immediate D. minor 3. A. In fact B. On the contrary C. In addition D. As a result 4. A. overstate B. prioritize C. balance D. compare 5. A. education B. culture C. finance D. marriage 6. A. theories B. questions C. factors D. effects 7. A. schools B. parents C. investors D. children 8. A. delaying B. recording C. improving D. checking 9. A. hands-down B. hands-off C. hands-on D. hands-up 10. A. weakens B. divides C. settles D. represents 11.A. Debates B. Concerns C. Conflicts D. Misunderstandings 12. A. setting out B. speaking up C. breaking down D. partnering up 13. A. increase B. belief C. failure D. investment 14. A. obviously B. regretfully C. naturally D. magically 15. A. justifications B. solutions C. outlets D. reflections （三） （25-26高一上·上海闵行中学·期中）Everyone dreams of being successful. Does anyone think of the mere question as to what elements 1 success, if there is any? Is there a “success personality” — some winning combination of qualities that leads almost 2 to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula, and can anyone develop it? At the Gallup Organization we recently focused in depth on success, inquiring into the opinions of 1,500 3 people selected at random from Who’s Who in America. Our research finds out a number of 4 that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense. Common sense is the most obvious quality 5 by our participants. Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And Sixty-one percent say that common sense was very important in 6 their success. To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical 7 on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside 8 ideas and get right to the key of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: “The key ability for success is 9 . In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry, 10 a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important.” Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man’s answer is that common sense can definitely be 11 . He owes his success to learning how to debate in school. Another way to 12 your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their — and your own — mistakes. Besides common sense, there are many other factors that 13 success: in order for you to achieve anything in your career, you have to first believe. You need to believe in yourself that you can achieve it, that is, you need to have 14 in your goals and your path to that success. However, nothing moves until you do something. Belief alone is not going to achieve anything for you. It must be followed up with concrete 15 . Your plan for career success is nothing unless you act upon it whole-heartedly. 1. A. define B. determine C. estimate D. prove 2. A. especially B. properly C. definitely D. alternatively 3. A. distinguished B. highlighted C. respectful D. considerate 4. A. challenges B. attractions C. qualifications D. qualities 5. A. possessed B. recommended C. proposed D. achieved 6. A. thinking about B. approving of C. making out D. contributing to 7. A. performances B. judgments C. characters D. principles 8. A. original B. common C. extra D. moderate 9. A. advancing B. persevering C. simplifying D. revising 10. A. reducing B. comparing C. applying D. referring 11. A. protected B. maintained C. observed D. developed 12. A. add to B. get over C. keep up D. go through 13. A. create B. influence C. judge D. attract 14. A. preparation B. attempt C. faith D. support 15. A. thought B. progress C. plan D. action （四） （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly 1 — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Linguists attempt to 2 what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it 3 over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing. “Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s 4 about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford. The stories below show some of the ways linguists have 5 many parts of language. Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is 6 the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) 7 harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more 8 for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) 9 role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of 10 around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is 11 , both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only 12 our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another. Linguists study how certain speech models match special 13 , including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. 14 , in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) 15 difference of beliefs can occur on social media. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said. 1. A. analyze B. choose C. recall D. pronounce 2. A. create B. range C. determine D. maintain 3. A. changes B. signals C. selects D. strengthens 4. A. confusing B. rewarding C. ironic D. common 5. A. mastered B. researched C. described D. developed 6. A. ahead of B. relevant to C. taken away from D. held back by 7. A. seemingly B. individually C. embarrassingly D. occasionally 8. A. specific B. tempting C. formal D. natural 9. A. faulty B. secondary C. relaxing D. essential 10. A. communication B. harshness C. establishment D. distance 11. A. limited B. useful C. exceptional D. current 12. A. point to B. center around C. leave behind D. argue over 13. A. comments B. achievements C. confusions D. behaviors 14. A. On the contrary B. In summary C. For example D. As a result 15. A. dramatic B. disgusting C. balanced D. slight （五） （25-26高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中）Once upon a time, much of the world was populated by wolves. They ranged all over the United States and Canada, Siberia and much of mainland Europe, as well as Great Britain, and if humans hadn’t come along, they would still be there 1 . But man did come along, farmed the land, 2 the wolves killing their livestock (家畜) and so gradually drove them out of the homes that had once been theirs. Wolves are not 3 in our language and our literature, however. In fairy stories, they are seen as evil and dangerous, always 4 to eat people. Remember the time when Little Red Riding Hood thinks that a wolf is her grandmother? “What big teeth you’ve got, Grandmother?” she says, and the wolf, disguised (伪装) as her grandmother, shouts back, “All the better to eat you with, my dear!” If you really want to see how English-speaking humans think of the wolf, just look at the 5 ! “A wolf in sheep’s clothing” is not a pleasant person and a “wolf-whistle” is not a pleasant sound! Yet wolves are totally unlike the image we have of them from legend and language. For a start, they don’t 6 humans; indeed, they do their best to keep out of our way. They are very sociable animals, living in packs and looking after their young with a fondness that should make some humans 7 themselves. Far from wolf music being 8 , the howl of the wolf — the cry of the whole pack — as the full moon rises in a star-bright sky, is one of the most beautiful sounds in nature. They are beautiful creatures which can run at speeds of up to 65 kph if they have to. They can jump up and run up rock faces like a cat. And when they do 9 , their 42 large teeth are fearsomely effective. But the 10 remains that we love the lion, the king of the jungle, while we demonize (妖魔化) the wolf, one of the most beautiful animals in the world. Only 11 do writers treat them nicely; 12 , a she-wolf is supposed to have fed the twins Remus and Romulus, who went on to found the city of Rome. And so, while man kills animals in their millions, often just for the fun of it, the wolf on the mountain, out in the wilderness, running over the Siberian wastes, represents a state of natural 13 that we do not know and can never obtain, even though we 14 it in our hearts. Perhaps that’s why, in the end, we 15 the wolf so much — for having something we can never get our hands on. 1.A. on a regular basis B. to a small extent C. in great numbers D. beyond certain limits 2. A. succeeded in B. agreed with C. worked out D. objected to 3. A. killers B. victims C. characters D. mistakes 4. A. reluctant B. ready C. unlikely D. sure 5. A. language B. behaviour C. teaching D. learning 6. A. avoid B. frighten C. attack D. protest 7. A. surprised at B. pleased with C. ashamed of D. interested in 8. A. peaceful B. loud C. musical D. soft 9. A. run B. kill C. jump D. cry 10. A. possibility B. mystery C. evidence D. fact 11. A. occasionally B. recently C. immediately D. finally 12. A. on the whole B. in addition C. even so D. for example 13. A. duty B. grace C. competition D. skill 14. A. dream of B. live by C. fight against D. learn from 15. A. cage B. keep C. hate D. notice / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $品学科网 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B 【答案】1.D2.D 3.A4.D 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.C 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.D 【答案】1.A2.B3.A 4.A 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.B www.zxxk.com 专题07完形填空 基础必练 (一) 5.B6.C7.D8.A9.A10.B (二) 5.B6.B 7.A8.A9.A10.A (三) 5.B6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B (四) 5.C6.B7.D8.A9.C10.A (五) 5.B6.A7.C8.D9.C10.B (六) 5.A6.C7.D8.D9.B10.A (七) 5.B6.C7.C8.B9.A10.D 进阶提升 (一) 5.D6.B7.A8.C9.D10.A 1/3 让教与学更高效 11.C12.D13.A14.A15.B 11.D12.D13.B14.A15.C 11.D12.D13.B14.C15.B 11.A12.A13.B14.D15.D 11.A12.A13.B14.B15.C 11.B12.D13.C14.A15.B 11.B12.A13.D14.D15.C OEa乙qT【嵩易】 t I【嵩易】 VE OI【嵩易】 Vi I【嵩品】 aEO乙VT【嵩易】 O 'I【嵩号】 a's ot aI【嵩品】 aEO℃VT【嵩品】 VE t aI【嵩品】 Vi I【嵩品】 创健右型 www.zxxk.com (二) 4.B5.A6.B 7.A8.D 9.C 10.A (三) 4.A5.B6.D7.A8.C9.C10.B (四) 4.B5.D6.A7.D8.A9.D10.C (五) 4.A5.B 6.B 7.D 8.C9.B 10.B (六) 4.A 5.B6.A 7.D 8.C9.D 10.A (七) 4.B5.D6.B7.B 8.D9.D10.B (八) 4.C5.A6.C7.B8.C9.A 10.B (九) 4.B5.C6.D7.A 8.C9.B10.A (十) 4.C5.A6.C7.D8.A9.B 10.A (十一) 4.A5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D10.B 拓展培优 2/3 让教与学更高效 11.B12.D13.A14.C15.B 11.B12.D13.C14.A15.C 11.B12.B13.D14.D15.B 11.A12.A13.C14.B15.D 11.B12.B13.D14.C15.C 11.A12.D13.B14.D15.B 11.D12.D13.A14.A15.B 函学科网 【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.C5.B 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.C5.B 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A www.zxxk.com (一) 6.C7.B8.B9.C10.A (二) 6.C7.B8.C9.C10.A (三) 6.D7.B8.C9.C10.A (四) 6.B7.A8.D9.D10.A (五) 6.C7.C8.B9.B10.D 3/3 让教与学更高效 11.B12.D13.C14.D15.B 11.B12.D13.A14.D15.B 11.D12.A13.B14.C15.D 11.C12.B13.D14.C15.A 11.A12.D13.B14.A15.C 专题07 完形填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a loud “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can also bring lots of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm hug 2 even help you avoid getting sick this winter. In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants’ developing the common cold after 3 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were 4 to come down with a cold, and the researchers 5 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging explained about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. Even among those 6 got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more hugs had less severe symptoms. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the increased risk for colds that is usually associated with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. “Hugging is a marker of a very close relationship and helps to cause the feeling 7 others are there to help in the face of difficulties.” Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin (催产素), often called “the bonding hormone” (亲密荷尔蒙), 8 it promotes attachment (依恋) in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin 9 mainly in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it remains in the brain, 10 it influences mood, behavior and physiology. 1. A. While B. After C. Besides D. Except 2. A. might B. must C. should D. need 3. A. having exposed B. exposing C. being exposing D. being exposed 4. A. more likely B. less likely C. the most likely D. the least likely 5. A. find B. found C. had found D. would find 6. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 7. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 8. A. because B. so C. although D. but 9. A. is made B. has made C. makes D. made 10. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. B　6. C　7. D　8. A　9. A　10. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了拥抱对身心健康的益处，包括增强免疫力、减轻压力等。 (1)题解析： 考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了让你感觉与你关心的人亲近和联系在一起之外，事实证明拥抱还能给你的身心带来很多健康益处。A. While当……时候；B. After在……之后；C. Besides除……之外（还）；D. Except除了……之外。根据后文“helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can also bring lots of health benefits to your body and mind”可知，此处强调拥抱除了有“增进亲密感”的作用，还有其他益处，故此处表示“除……之外（还）”。故选C。 (2)题解析： 考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，一个温暖的拥抱甚至可以帮助你避免在这个冬天生病。A. might可能；B. must必须；C. should应该；D. need需要。根据后文“even help you avoid getting sick this winter”可知，此处表示一种可能性，即一个温暖的拥抱甚至可以帮助你避免在这个冬天生病。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近一项涉及400多名健康成年人的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员研究了感知到的社会支持和接受拥抱对参与者接触病毒后患普通感冒的影响。after为介词，后接动名词作宾语；且participants与expose“使接触，暴露”之间是被动关系（被暴露在病毒中），需用现在分词的被动式being exposed，作介词after的宾语。故选D。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些感受到更多社会支持的人患感冒的可能性更小，研究人员发现，拥抱的减压效果解释了这种有益效果的约32%。A. more likely更可能的；B. less likely不太可能的；C. the most likely最可能的；D. the least likely最不可能的。根据后文“the stress-reducing effects of hugging explained about 32 percent of that beneficial effect”可知，拥抱的减压效果解释了这种有益效果的约32%，故那些感受到更多社会支持的人患感冒的可能性更小。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查动词时态辨析。句意：那些感受到更多社会支持的人患感冒的可能性更小，研究人员发现，拥抱的减压效果解释了这种有益效果的约32%。根据上文“People who perceived greater social support were”可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语用find“发现”的过去式found。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：即使在那些感冒的人中，那些感受到更多社会支持和得到更多拥抱的人症状也更轻。“____ got a cold”为定语从句，修饰先行词those，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查同位语从句。句意：拥抱是一种非常亲密关系的标志，有助于产生一种感觉，即在面对困难时，其他人会提供帮助。本空引导同位语从句，解释feeling的内容，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：一些专家将拥抱的减压、健康相关益处归因于催产素的释放，催产素通常被称为“亲密荷尔蒙”，因为它能促进人际关系中的依恋，包括母亲和新生儿之间的关系。A. because因为；B. so所以；C. although虽然；D. but但是。后文“it promotes attachment (依恋) in relationships”是解释“催产素被称为亲密荷尔蒙”的原因，前后为因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：催产素主要在大脑的中下部分产生，其中一些被释放到血液中。本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Oxytocin与make“使形成”构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Oxytocin，be动词用is，谓语用is made。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：但其中一些仍留在大脑中，在那里它影响情绪、行为和生理。“____ it influences mood, behavior and physiology”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词brain，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选B。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it. I 1 it. Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury, for a small 2 . Like most other well affordable modern luxuries though, there are hidden 3 . And it’s increasingly harder to pretend we couldn’t see them. A headline in the Washington Post read, “Restaurants are barely 4 . Delivery apps will kill them.” Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies. But the most apparent impact is on human lives. Delivery riders have been 5 in accidents while trying to complete their orders. These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working 6 for riders. One friend said to me, “I can’t 7 the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert.” That was it. I 8 the app and haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since. Instead of ordering on a whim (一时兴起), now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance. This approach has saved me a lot of money. As with a lot of online shopping, I’d been ordering food mindlessly, giving only a brief thought to its price and value. Cooking is almost always 9 and so is old-school takeaway. All of these changes have cost me one thing — time. One reason the apps are so popular is that so many people are burned out, stressed or attracted by 10 . With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already 11 , and the shops were all closed. Having to plan meals again actually made my life less 12 . Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions. Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your 13 . Walking to pick up takeaway forces you to, well, go for a walk. The change in habit forced me to be on my devices a bit less and to be in my actual life and neighbourhood a bit more. The process has made me think about how a lot of technological 14 do save us time, but time for what? For me, the answer was often just more time working, or more time online. Making my own food feels like taking back time I had 15 for things far less nourishing (有营养的). 1. A. doubted B. feared C. hated D. loved 2. A. clue B. error C. favor D. fee 3. A. costs B. crimes C. dangers D. taxes 4. A. engaging B. relaxing C. suffering D. surviving 5. A. cursed B. killed C. rejected D. tricked 6. A. achievement B. conditions C. motivation D. relationships 7. A. bear B. criticize C. express D. recall 8. A. deleted B. developed C. forgave D. monitored 9. A. cheaper B. friendlier C. safer D. quicker 10. A. convenience B. intelligence C. mystery D. uncertainty 11. A. curious B. full C. hungry D. sick 12. A. artificial B. fulfilling C. relevant D. stressful 13. A. attention B. ambition C. consideration D. supervision 14. A. advances B. challenges C. reviews D. licences 15. A. checked out B. given up C. looked for D. set up 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. D　5. B　6. B　7. A　8. A　9. A　10. A　11. C　12. D　13. A　14. A　15. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者卸载外卖软件，选择自己做饭或去附近餐馆买外卖，反思科技带来的便利与时间分配问题。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢它。A. doubted怀疑；B. feared害怕；C. hated讨厌；D. loved喜欢。根据上文“About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it.”和下文“Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury”可知，大约两个月前，作者从手机上卸载了Uber Eats，但并不是因为不喜欢使用它，即作者喜欢使用外卖软件。故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：点你想吃的东西，大约30分钟内就能送到你家门口，这是一种奢侈，但要付一小笔费用。A. clue线索；B. error错误；C. favor恩惠；D. fee费用。根据下文“high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies”可知，外卖软件送餐需要支付配送费等少量费用。故选D。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就像大多数其他负担得起的现代奢侈品一样，它们也有隐藏的代价。A. costs代价，成本；B. crimes罪行；C. dangers危险；D. taxes税。根据下文“Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies”和“Delivery riders have been ____ in accidents while trying to complete their orders.”可知，此处描述了外卖软件对餐厅的压榨、骑手的安全问题等，这些是外卖软件带来的隐藏代价。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐馆勉强维持生计。A. engaging吸引；B. relaxing放松；C. suffering遭受；D. surviving勉强维持生计。根据下文“Delivery apps will kill them.”可知，外卖应用将扼杀它们，餐厅现在的处境艰难，勉强维持生计。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：外卖员在试图完成订单时死于事故。A. cursed诅咒；B. killed杀死；C. rejected拒绝；D. tricked欺骗。根据下文“These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working ____ for riders.”可知，此处指骑手在送餐过程中因事故丧生。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些死亡事件是骑手工作条件恶劣这一更大背景的一部分。A. achievement成就；B. conditions条件；C. motivation动机；D. relationships关系。根据上文“Delivery riders have been ____ in accidents while trying to complete their orders.”可知，骑手频繁发生事故，由此可推知他们的工作条件差。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法忍受想到有人为我送甜点而死。A. bear忍受；B. criticize批评；C. express表达；D. recall回忆。根据下文“the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert”可知，作者的朋友无法忍受想到有人为自己送甜点而死。故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我删除了这款应用，从那以后就再也没有用过它，也没有用过它的任何竞争对手的应用。A. deleted删除；B. developed发展；C. forgave原谅；D. monitored监控。根据上文“I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone”和下文“haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since”可知，作者把优步外卖软件从手机上卸载了，此处指删除了外卖软件。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自己做饭几乎总是更便宜，老式的外卖也是如此。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. friendlier更友好的；C. safer更安全的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance”、“This approach has saved me a lot of money.”可知，现在我要么自己做点好吃的，要么就从步行或驾车能到的地方点外卖，这种方法为作者节省了很多钱。所以此处指自己做饭更便宜。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些应用之所以如此受欢迎，一个原因是很多人都筋疲力尽、压力很大，或者被便利性所吸引。A. convenience方便；B. intelligence智力；C. mystery神秘；D. uncertainty不确定性。根据上文“Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury”和下文“With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute”可知，外卖软件的核心优势是方便快捷，人们因为方便、压力大或被不确定性所吸引而使用外卖软件。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这个时候，我已经饿了，商店都关门了。A. curious好奇的；B. full饱的；C. hungry饿的；D. sick生病的。根据上文“I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already”和下文“the shops were all closed”可知，作者到很晚才想起吃饭，此时已经饿了，商店也关门了。故选C。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不得不重新规划饮食实际上让我的生活压力更小了。A. artificial人造的；B. fulfilling令人满足的；C. relevant相关的；D. stressful有压力的。根据上文“Having to plan meals again actually made my life less”和下文“Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions.”可知，这是早点下班的好动力，所以规划饮食让作者的生活不再那么有压力。故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：烹饪是那种需要你双手和全部注意力的活动之一。A. attention注意力；B. ambition野心；C. consideration考虑；D. supervision监督。根据上文“Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your”可知，烹饪需要专注操作，否则容易出错，所以此处指烹饪需要双手和全部注意力。故选A。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程让我思考很多科技进步确实为我们节省了时间，但时间是为了什么？A. advances进步；B. challenges挑战；C. reviews评论；D. licences许可证。根据上文“how a lot of technological”和下文“do save us time”可知，外卖软件属于技术进步的产物，这里指的是科技进步。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：自己做饭感觉就像夺回了我为了那些远不如有营养的东西而放弃的时间。A. checked out结账离开；B. given up放弃；C. looked for寻找；D. set up建立。根据上文“Making my own food feels like taking back time”和下文“for things far less nourishing (有营养的).”可知，作者自己做饭夺回了之前为了其他事情而放弃的时间。故选B。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）The people of the Makah Nation have lived on Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula for thousands of years. They call themselves Kwi-dich-cha-at, which 1 “people who live by rocks and seagulls.” The shorter name of Makah, given to them by neighboring Native American peoples, means “generous with food.” Before the white settlers arrived in the American Northwest, the Makah hunted gray and humpback whales from canoes made from the western red cedar tree. Whales 2 meat, blubber (鲸脂), and bone for food, oil, and utensils. The Makah enjoyed a lively trade in whale products with other Native Americans and later with an intensity and efficiency that quickly 3 the numbers of these creatures. The Makah relationship to the whales, on the other hand, was as much 4 as material. Whales and whaling were 5 in their songs and dances. Images of whales were 6 into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood. By the 1920s, with local whales on the brink (边缘) of 7 , the Makah stopped hunting them altogether. Through 8 preservation measures, whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon. In the 1970s, archeologists (考古学家) discovered many objects that confirmed the long and significant relationship between the Makah and whales. This awareness 9 a cultural resurgence (复兴) that included a focus on traditional foods and the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet, especially the 10 of sea mammal meat from it. Eventually, the Makah decided to resume hunting whales. 11 their plans faced strong opposition from different groups, they cited an 1885 treaty (条约) signed with the US government that 12 the right to continue this practice. After years of planning, the Makah scheduled the first hunt for the late fall of 1998. They succeeded in bringing in a gray whale about six months later. Today the Makah hunt whales in the 13 way. Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking. The whales are finally towed to shore and cut into pieces 14 traditional rituals (仪式). The blubber and meat is distributed among Makah families. No part of the whale can be sold 15 , although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase. 1. A. guides B. boasts C. means D. indicates 2. A. provided B. produced C. confused D. wasted 3. A. decreased B. increased C. limited D. divided 4. A. artificial B. theoretical C. spiritual D. physical 5. A. rhythm B. subjects C. influence D. targets 6. A. put B. transferred C. printed D. woven 7. A. extinction B. collapse C. destruction D. disaster 8. A. simple B. moderate C. aggressive D. contemporary 9. A. contributed to B. added to C. referred to D. responded to 10. A. abundance B. disappearance C. diversity D. familiarity 11. A. Where B. Since C. If D. Although 12. A. demanded B. had C. retained D. guaranteed 13. A. convenient B. traditional C. practical D. proper 14.A. in accordance with B. with regard to C. in place of D. at the cost of 15. A. globally B. secretly C. commercially D. cheaply 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. C　5. B　6. D　7. A　8. C　9. A　10. B　11. D　12. D　13. B　14. A　15. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马卡赫民族与鲸鱼的深厚关系、捕鲸传统及现代复兴。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称自己为Kwi-dich-cha-at，意思是“生活在岩石和海鸥旁的人”。A. guides指导；B. boasts拥有；C. means意思是；D. indicates表明。根据后文“people who live by rocks and seagulls”可知，这是在解释Kwi-dich-cha-at的意思。故选C。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼提供肉、鲸脂和骨头，用于食物、油和器具。A. provided提供；B. produced生产；C. confused使困惑；D. wasted浪费。根据后文“meat, blubber, and bone for food, oil, and utensils”可知，马卡赫民族捕猎鲸鱼以获取生活物资，鲸鱼是物资的来源，即鲸鱼为马卡赫民族提供肉、鲸脂和骨头。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马卡赫民族与其他美洲原住民，后来以一种迅速减少这些生物数量的强度和效率，进行鲸鱼产品的活跃贸易。A. decreased减少；B. increased增加；C. limited限制；D. divided分开。根据后文“the numbers of these creatures”以及“the Makah stopped hunting them altogether”可知，过度捕猎会导致鲸鱼数量下降，且后文提及鲸鱼濒临危机，decreased符合逻辑。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，马卡赫民族与鲸鱼的关系既是物质的也是精神的。A. artificial人造的；B. theoretical理论的；C. spiritual精神的；D. physical物理的。根据后文“Whales and whaling were ____ in their songs and dances. Images of whales were ____ into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood.”可知，后文提到鲸鱼出现在他们的歌舞、织物和雕刻中，属于精神文化范畴，与 material（物质的）对应，spiritual符合语境。故选C。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼和捕鲸是他们歌曲和舞蹈的主题。A. rhythm节奏；B. subjects主题；C. influence影响；D. targets目标。根据后文“in their songs and dances”可知，歌舞中以鲸鱼和捕鲸为表现对象，也就是主题。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼的图像被编织进毯子和篮子，并雕刻在石头和木头上。A. put放置；B. transferred转移；C. printed打印；D. woven编织。根据后文“into blankets and baskets”可知，针对毯子和篮子的制作工艺，鲸鱼的图像应该被编织进毯子和篮子。故选D。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到20世纪20年代，随着当地鲸鱼濒临灭绝，马卡赫民族完全停止了捕鲸。A. extinction灭绝；B. collapse崩溃；C. destruction破坏；D. disaster灾难。根据后文“the Makah stopped hunting them altogether”可知，鲸鱼濒临灭绝，所以马卡赫民族停止了捕鲸，on the brink of extinction为固定搭配，意为“濒临灭绝”，符合鲸鱼数量锐减的语境。故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过积极的保护措施，鲸鱼很快回到了奥林匹克半岛附近的水域。A. simple简单的；B. moderate适度的；C. aggressive积极的；D. contemporary当代的。根据后文“whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon”可知，通过积极的保护措施，鲸鱼数量快速恢复，aggressive在此处指力度之大，符合语境。故选C。 (9)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种意识促成了一种文化复兴，包括关注传统食物以及一些人与马卡赫饮食变化相关的健康问题，尤其是海哺乳动物肉从饮食中消失所带来的问题。A. contributed to促成；B. added to增加；C. referred to参考；D. responded to回应。根据后文“a cultural resurgence”可知，考古发现带来的认知促进了文化复兴。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. abundance丰富；B. disappearance消失；C. diversity多样性；D. familiarity熟悉。根据上文“the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet”以及后文“of sea mammal meat from it”可知，马卡赫民族停止捕鲸后，海兽肉从饮食中消失，此处指海哺乳动物肉从饮食中消失所带来的健康问题。故选B。 (11)题解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的计划遭到了不同团体的强烈反对，但他们援引了1885年与美国政府签署的一项条约，该条约保证了他们继续这一做法的权利。A. Where在哪里；B. Since自从；C. If如果；D. Although尽管。根据后文“their plans faced strong opposition from different groups”以及“they cited an 1885 treaty signed with the US government”可知，“遭到反对”与“援引条约”为转折关系，应用although。故选D。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. demanded要求；B. had有；C. retained保留；D. guaranteed保证。根据后文“the right to continue this practice”可知，条约具有法律效力，能保障马卡赫民族的捕鲸权，保证了他们继续捕鲸的权利。故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，马卡赫民族以传统的方式捕鲸。A. convenient方便的；B. traditional传统的；C. practical实际的；D. proper适当的。根据后文“Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking.”可知，后文描述的潜水、绑鲸颌、拖上岸分割等流程，是延续传统的捕鲸步骤。故选B。 (14)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲸鱼最终被拖到岸边，按照传统仪式被切成块。A. in accordance with按照；B. with regard to关于；C. in place of代替；D. at the cost of以……为代价。根据后文“traditional rituals”可知，分割鲸鱼的行为遵循传统仪式。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼的任何部分都不得用于商业销售，尽管马卡赫雕刻家用骨头制作的工艺品通常可以购买。A. globally全球地；B. secretly秘密地；C. commercially商业地；D. cheaply便宜地。根据后文“although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase”可知，后文提到骨头手工艺品可出售，与鲸鱼本身的非商业售卖形成对比。故选C。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 1 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 2 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 3 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 4 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 5 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 6 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 7 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 8 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 9 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 10 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 11 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 12 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 13 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 14 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 15 . 1. A. complaint B. assignment C. theory D. essay 2. A. practical B. vast C. adequate D. complex 3. A. proof B. quantity C. hope D. chance 4. A. for example B. by contrast C. in addition D. above all 5. A. discussion B. report C. misunderstanding D. feeling 6. A. embarrassed B. fixed C. confused D. pleased 7. A. avoid B. maintain C. cancel D. boost 8. A. best-selling B. printed C. amazing D. certified 9. A. challenging B. preventing C. applauding D. wasting 10. A. let alone B. regardless of C. as to D. in spite of 11. A. give up B. compete with C. race against D. stick to 12. A. send B. burden C. miss D. owe 13. A. responsibility B. investment C. memory D. attitude 14. A. absorbed B. signaled C. earned D. broadcast 15. A. reflect on B. take out C. subject to D. tear apart 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. A　5. C　6. B　7. D　8. A　9. C　10. A　11. D　12. D　13. B　14. C　15. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了当下学生认为努力应与成绩挂钩的现象，分析其源于对教育理论的误解，并提出正确的学习评价导向。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近，很多学生有了一个新的抱怨：“我的成绩没有反映出我在这门课上付出的努力。”A. complaint抱怨；B. assignment任务；C. theory理论；D. essay文章。根据下文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，这是学生的一种抱怨。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去，学生们明白努力是不够的；得A需要出色的表现。A. practical实际的；B. vast广阔的；C. adequate足够的；D. complex复杂的。根据下文“an A demanded great work”可知，得A需要出色的表现，所以此处表示学生们明白努力是不够的。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如今，许多学生期望因为他们的努力量而不是知识质量而得到奖励。A. proof证据；B. quantity数量；C. hope希望；D. chance机会。根据下文“rather than the quality of their knowledge”可知，如今学生期望得到奖励的原因是努力的数量，而不是知识的质量。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在最近的一项调查中，三分之二的大学生表示“努力尝试”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为他们仅仅因为出席了（大部分）课程就应该至少得B。A. for example例如；B. by contrast相比之下；C. in addition此外；D. above all最重要的是。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the ______ of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”以及下文“two-thirds of college students say that ‘trying hard’ should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes.”可知，下文是对上文表述的观点的举例说明。故选A。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最受欢迎的教育理论之一的一种误解的结果。A. discussion讨论；B. report报告；C. misunderstanding误解；D. feeling感觉。根据下文“The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far.”可知，此处表示现在的情况是对教育理论的一种误解。故选C。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一代多以前，心理学家卡罗尔·德韦克发现，表扬孩子的能力会削弱他们的灵活性，导致一种固定的心态，使他们在遇到挫折时更容易气馁或放弃。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. fixed固定的；C. confused困惑的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks.”可知，表扬孩子的能力会导致一种固定的心态。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，将表扬从智力转向努力可以培养一种发展的心态，促进学习。A. avoid避免；B. maintain维持；C. cancel取消；D. boost促进。根据上文“a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset”可知，将表扬从智力转向努力可以促进学习。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赞美坚持不懈的想法很快在广泛传播的文章、畅销书和受欢迎的TED演讲中流行起来。A. best-selling畅销的；B. printed印刷的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. certified被认证的。根据上文“widely-shared articles”和下文“popular TED talks”可知，此处与上下文并列，表示赞美坚持不懈的想法在畅销书中也流行起来。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经从赞扬努力变成了把努力本身当作目的。A. challenging挑战；B. preventing阻止；C. applauding赞扬；D. wasting浪费。根据上文“The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a ______ about one of the most popular educational theories.”以及“However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and ______ learning.”可知，之前是赞扬努力，现在把努力本身当作目的。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们没有提醒一代孩子，努力工作并不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。A. let alone更不用说；B. regardless of不管；C. as to至于；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job,”以及语境可知，此处表示努力工作不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最让我担心的是，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略，而不是开发更好的策略。A. give up放弃；B. compete with与……竞争；C. race against与……赛跑；D. stick to坚持。根据下文“bad strategies instead of developing better ones.”可知，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略。故选D。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的信息。A. send发送；B. burden负担；C. miss错过；D. owe欠，应给予。根据“We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons.”可知，此处表示老师和家长有责任给孩子传递更平衡的观点。故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对令人失望的成绩最理想的反应不是抱怨，而是问问你如何能在你的投资上获得更好的回报。A. responsibility责任；B. investment投资；C. memory记忆；D. attitude态度。根据上文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，努力是一种投资，所以此处表示问问如何能在投资上获得更好的回报。故选B。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：A不是因为努力本身而授予的；它们是通过掌握材料而获得的。A. absorbed吸收；B. signaled示意；C. earned获得；D. broadcast广播。根据下文“through mastery of the material”可知，A是通过掌握材料而获得的。故选C。 (15)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：是你获得的知识和技能。A. reflect on反思；B. take out取出；C. subject to使服从；D. tear apart撕开。根据上文“The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in.”以及语境可知，衡量学习的真正标准不是你投入的时间和精力，而是你从中取出的知识和技能，即“你掌握的知识和技能”。故选B。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Shop Online or Stand in Line? If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again. A recent study on the environmental impact of shopping online versus brick-and-mortar (实体店) found that 1 shopping can be up to 60% more environmentally sustainable than online shopping. If you’re wondering why, here are some answers. Online items typically require 2 containers or plastic to ship them safely. They are also likely to come from different distribution centres. According to experts, these two factors 3 higher greenhouse gas emissions per item. In fact, compared with those generated by the plastic or paper bag shoppers typically bring home, 4 for online orders can create five times more emissions. Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows you need to 5 after your online purchases have been delivered, some of which are not recyclable. Buyer 6 is another reason. When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store, they 7 to bulk buy (大量购买). By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions than the delivery vans travelling to and from distribution centres and multiple drop-off addresses. 8 , when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops. Emissions are thus 9 since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases. A further significant impact on the environment caused by vehicle emissions is the 10 of returned products purchased online: 40% compared to 7% bought in store. Someone in a vehicle has to take them back. In the future, this may 11 . Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和) by 2040. To help reach this target, it started by buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles (thousands of which are already on the road) and it plans to have them all 13 by 2030. Of course, this holds true in countries where people mostly drive, so it really 14 the country and its consumer behaviour. Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact. 15 , when you’re thinking about how convenient it is to purchase that one item online, take a moment to consider the carbon footprint of doing so. 1. A. regular B. window C. physical D. virtual 2. A. additional B. classical C. standard D. attractive 3. A. court on B. result in C. respond to D. take over 4. A. coating B. covering C. dressing D. packaging 5. A. make use of B. get rid of C. keep up with D. take charge of 6. A. behavior B. need C. preference D. wisdom 7. A. afford B. offer C. tend D. vote 8. A. Above all B. As a result C. By contrast D. What’s more 9. A. avoided B. multiplied C. reduced D. spread 10. A. degree B. frequency C. price D. value 11. A. change B. continue C. suffer D. worsen 12. A. energy-efficient B. cost-saving C. time-consuming D. user-friendly 13. A. at hand B. in operation C. in common D. within reach 14. A. belongs to B. benefits from C. contributes to D. depends on 15. A. However B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. Therefore 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D　5. B　6. A　7. C　8. D　9. C　10. B　11. A　12. A　13. B　14. D　15. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对比线上购物与线下购物的环保性，指出线下购物更环保的原因及网购环保问题的改善趋势。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近一项关于线上购物与实体店购物对环境影响的研究发现，实体购物的环境可持续性可能比线上购物高出 60%。A. regular常规的；B. window橱窗的；C. physical实体的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据上文 “If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again.”以及“versus brick-and-mortar (实体店)”可知，研究对比的是线上购物和实体店购物，physical shopping对应brick-and-mortar shopping，指实体购物。故选C。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：线上商品通常需要额外的容器或塑料来安全运输。A. additional额外的；B. classical经典的；C. standard标准的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据下文“containers or plastic to ship them safely”可知，为了安全运输线上商品，需要额外的包装容器或塑料。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据专家称，这两个因素导致每件商品的温室气体排放量更高。A. court on无此正确搭配；B. result in导致；C. respond to回应；D. take over接管。根据上文“these two factors”和下文“higher greenhouse gas emissions per item”可知，此处指两个因素造成了排放量升高的结果。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，与购物者通常带回家的塑料袋或纸袋产生的排放量相比，线上订单的包装产生的排放量要多五倍。A. coating涂层；B. covering遮盖物；C. dressing敷料，着装；D. packaging包装。根据下文“Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows”可知，此处指线上订单的各类包装。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：想想你在网购商品送达后需要处理掉的所有盒子、标签、气泡膜和充气枕，其中一些是不可回收的。A. make use of利用；B. get rid of处理掉，丢弃；C. keep up with跟上；D. take charge of负责。根据下文 “after your online purchases have been delivered” 以及 “some of which are not recyclable” 可知，网购商品送达后，这些包装需要被丢弃处理，get rid of 符合语义。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：买家行为是另一个原因。A. behavior行为；B. need需求；C. preference偏好；D. wisdom智慧。根据下文“When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store...”可知，此处讲述的是消费者线上和线下购物的不同行为模式，behavior 符合语境。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在网上购物时——即使是经常网购——很多人只买几件商品，而在实体店购物时，他们倾向于大量购买。A. afford负担得起；B. offer提供；C. tend倾向于；D. vote投票。根据上文“many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store”可知，此处是对比线上线下的购物习惯，tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某事”，符合语义。故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，当人们去商场或商业街时，他们通常会多次停留。A. Above all最重要的是；B. As a result因此；C. By contrast相比之下；D. What’s more此外。根据上文“By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions...”以及下文“when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops”可知，此处是补充说明线下购物的另一个环保优势，What’s more表递进，符合语境。故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，排放量会减少，因为排放量会分摊到多次购买中。A. avoided避免；B. multiplied倍增；C. reduced减少；D. spread传播。根据下文“since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases”可知，排放量被分摊到多次购买上，因此整体排放量会减少。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：车辆排放对环境的另一个显著影响是网购退货商品的频率：网购退货率为 40%，而实体店购物退货率仅为 7%。A. degree程度；B. frequency频率，发生率；C. price价格；D. value价值。根据下文“40% compared to 7% bought in store”可知，此处对比的是线上和线下购物的退货发生率。故选B。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：未来，这种情况可能会改变。A. change改变；B. continue继续；C. suffer遭受；D. worsen恶化。根据下文“Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和)by 2040.”可知，亚马逊等企业采取措施改善网购的环保问题，因此这种情况可能会改变。故选A。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：全球最大的线上零售商亚马逊宣布，承诺到2040年使公司更节能并实现碳中和。A. energy-efficient节能的；B. cost-saving省钱的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. user-friendly人性化的。根据下文“carbon-neutral (碳中和)”以及“buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles”可知，亚马逊的举措是为了环保、节能。故选A。 (13)题解析： 考查固定短语辨析。句意：为帮助实现这一目标，该公司首先购买了 10 万辆新的电动配送车其中数千辆已投入使用，并计划到2030年让所有车辆都投入运营。A. at hand在手边；B. in operation投入运营；C. in common共同的；D. within reach触手可及。根据上文“thousands of which are already on the road”可知，部分电动配送车已上路，计划到2030年让所有车辆都投入运营，in operation符合语义。故选B。 (14)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当然，这在人们主要开车出行的国家是成立的，所以这实际上取决于国家及其消费者行为。A. belongs to属于；B. benefits from受益于；C. contributes to促成；D. depends on取决于。根据上文“this holds true in countries where people mostly drive” 知，线上线下购物的环保性因国家和消费行为而异，depends on符合语境。故选D。 (15)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当你想着在线购买那一件商品有多方便时，不妨花点时间考虑一下这样做的碳足迹。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact.”可知，前文指出购物都会对环境有影响，此处承接上文得出结论，提醒读者考虑网购的碳足迹，Therefore符合语境。故选D。 （六） （25-26高一上·上海青浦高级中学·期中）How You Search the Internet Can Strengthen Your Beliefs People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs — worsening disagreements. This polarization (两极化) is not 1 to political opinions; it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination. And social media is not the only 2 contributing to it, according to a recent study 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. It turns out that people use search engines in ways that 4 their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization. The researchers suggest that a simple 5 to search algorithms (搜索算法) could help provide a wider variety of perspectives. Online participants were asked to rate their beliefs on six topics, including nuclear energy and caffeine’s health effects. They then 6 search terms (搜索关键词) to learn more about each topic. The researchers 7 the range of the terms and found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow”. 8 , when researching the health effects of caffeine, one participant used “caffeine negative effects”, whereas others used “benefits of caffeine”. These narrow terms tended to 9 participants’ existing beliefs, and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly. “People often pick search terms that 10 what they believe, without realizing it,” says Eugenia Leung of Tulane University’s business school, who led the study. “Search algorithms are designed to give the most 11 answers for whatever we type, which 12 to support what we already thought.” 13 , this pattern worked when participants used ChatGPT and Bing for searches assisted by artificial intelligence. When the researchers randomly (随机地) 14 participants to view different results, they saw those results affect people’s opinions and even behavior. For instance, participants who saw search results using “nuclear energy is good” held a more positive view about nuclear energy afterward than those using “nuclear energy is bad”. People who saw results using “caffeine health benefits”, rather than “ 15 ”, were more likely to choose a caffeinated drink afterward. 1. A. pressured B. set C. delivered D. limited 2. A. factor B. result C. solution D. problem 3. A. announced B. published C. released D. advertised 4. A. allow B. expect C. change D. deepen 5. A. adjustment B. connection C. limitation D. agreement 6. A. made B. included C. chose D. ignored 7. A. collect B. update C. calculate D. evaluate 8. A. On the whole B. On the contrary C. In short D. For example 9. A. confuse B. match C. oppose D. understand 10. A. reflect B. repeat C. review D. recycle 11. A. relevant B. available C. capable D. genuine 12. A. turns out B. sets out C. gets down D. goes on 13. A. Obviously B. Similarly C. Ironically D. Fortunately 14. A. forced B. assigned C. enabled D. ordered 15. A. symptoms B. mistakes C. risks D. strengths 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. D　5. A　6. C　7. D　8. D　9. B　10. A　11. A　12. A　13. B　14. B　15. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们使用搜索引擎时倾向于选择符合自身观点的搜索词，导致信息茧房和观点两极分化，建议人们调整搜索算法以提供多元视角。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种两极分化不仅限于政治观点。A. pressured紧迫的；B. set安排好的；C. delivered被运送；D. limited受限制的。根据下文“it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination.(它还涵盖了各种日常话题，从气候变化到疫苗接种等方面的内容)”可知，这种两级分化并不仅仅受限于政治观点，还有各种日常话题。故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究显示，社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。A. factor因素；B. result结果；C. solution解决办法；D. problem问题。根据下文“It turns out that people use search engines in ways that their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization.(研究表明，人们使用加深其固有信念的方式使用搜索引擎，加剧社会的两极分化)”可知，人们使用搜索引擎的方式也会导致两极分化，说明社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究显示，社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。A. announced宣布；B. published出版、发表；C. released释放、发行；D. advertised登广告。根据a recent study可知，这里指美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们使用加深其固有信念的方式使用搜索引擎，从而加剧了社会的两极分化。A. allow允许；B. expect期望；C. change改变；D. deepen加深。根据上文“People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs—worsening disagreements.(人们的观点越来越两极分化，而“信息茧房”——强化现有信念的社交泡沫——加剧了分歧)”可知，人们使用搜索引擎的方式加剧了社会的两极分化，说明这些方式加深了他们的固有信念。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出，对搜索算法进行一个简单的调整就能有助于提供更多的不同视角。A. adjustment调整；B. connection联系；C. limitation限制；D. agreement协议。根据第4小题可知，们使用搜索引擎的方式会加深固有信念，导致观点的两极分化，而本句中“could help provide a wider variety of perspectives”说明研究者希望通过某种方式帮助提供更广泛的视角，因此，这里需要一个表示“调整”或“改进”的词，以解决当前搜索算法的问题。故选A。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，他们选择了相关搜索词，以便更深入地了解每个主题。A. made制造；B. included包括；C. chose选择；D. ignored忽视。根据search terms和常识可知，他们应该是选择相关的搜索词进行搜索，从而在网上了解每个主题。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员对这些搜索词的范围进行了评估，结果发现其中9%至34%的搜索词（具体比例取决于所讨论的主题）属于“狭窄”范畴。A. collect搜集；B. update更新；C. calculate计算；D. evaluate评估。根据句中“found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow.””可知，研究人员的发现应该是对这些搜索词范围的评估结果。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在研究咖啡因对健康的影响时，一位参与者使用了“咖啡因的负面影响”这一表述，而其他参与者则使用了“咖啡因的益处”这一表述。A. On the whole总体而言；B. On the contrary相反地；C. In short简而言之；D. For example例如。该句是以研究咖啡因对健康的影响为例，来说明上文提到的研究人员的评估结果“between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow.””，故是举例说明。故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些狭窄范围的搜索词往往与参与者原有的观念相契合，而实际上只有不到 10% 的人是出于有意为之才这样做。A. confuse使困惑；B. match使……相配、与……相符；C. oppose反对；D. understand理解。根据“and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly.”可知，不到10%的人是出于有意才用这些狭窄范围的搜索词，说明其他使用者应该是因为这些词与他们原有的信念相符合，所以不知不觉地就使用了它们。故选B。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“人们在选择搜索关键词时，往往会选择那些能够反映他们内心想法的词汇，而他们自己往往并未意识到这一点，”领导这项研究的杜兰大学商学院的Eugenia Leung说。A. reflect反映；B. repeat重复；C. review复习、回顾；D. recycle回收利用。根据上文“These narrow terms tended to participants’ existing beliefs,(这些狭窄范围的搜索词往往与参与者原有的观念相契合)”可知，人们不知不觉选择的那些搜索词与他们原有的观念一致，这些词能够反映他们内心的想法、信念。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索算法旨在根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的答案，结果证明这支持了我们原有的想法。A. relevant相关的；B. available可用的；C. capable有能力的；D. genuine真正的。根据常识可知，人们输入搜索关键词后，网络会给出与关键词最有关联的答案，这也是搜索算法的设计目的。故选A。 (12)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：搜索算法旨在根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的答案，结果证明这支持了我们原有的想法。A. turns out证明是、结果是；B. sets out出发、开始；C. gets down下车；D. goes on继续。根据上文“People often pick search terms that what they believe,(人们在选择搜索关键词时，往往会选择那些能够反映他们内心想法的词汇)”可知，人们往往会根据自己内心想法输入关键词进行搜索，而得出的答案结果也是支持了人们原有的想法。故选A。 (13)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当参与者使用由人工智能辅助的 ChatGPT 和 Bing 进行搜索时，这种模式也发挥了作用。A. Obviously显然地；B. Similarly同样地、相似地；C. Ironically讽刺地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据第12小题和ChatGPT、Bing及常识可知，这两种AI辅助的软件也是使用的搜索算法，所以同样会根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的、支持我们原有想法的答案。故选B。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员将参与者随机分配去观看不同的结果时，他们发现这些结果会对人们的看法乃至行为产生影响。A. forced强迫；B. assigned分配、分派；C. enabled使能够；D. ordered命令。根据randomly和常识可知，研究人员应该是将参与者进行随机分配，去观看不同的结果，而不是强迫或命令。故选B。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些看到“咖啡因有益健康”相关研究结果的人，相比看到“咖啡因存在风险”相关研究结果的人，之后更有可能选择饮用含咖啡因的饮品。A. symptoms症状；B. mistakes错误；C. risks风险；D. strengths长处。根据““caffeine health benefits,” rather than”可知，空处应与benefits意义相反，所以这里指看到的结果是咖啡因对健康的益处而不是风险。故选C。 （七） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and finding hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone. The ancient Romans experienced the same 1 with their apartments. From mean landlords to sanitation (卫生) problems, pests to smells, Roman urban living was no walk in the park. Even in the very early days of Rome, people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters. This collection of animals of every kind mixed together made life 2 for common citizens. And the close contact 3 diseases. Roman rented residences were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island. The insulae, often 4 six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, housed poor workers who couldn’t 5 a traditional domus, or private house. By the fourth century A.D., there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as opposed to fewer than 2,000 private homes. Many people were _ 6 into their quarters. Apartments on the lower floor would be the easiest for entry and exit, and therefore belong to the 7 renters — while unfortunate individuals were thrown on higher floors in tiny rooms. Though made of concrete brick, insulae were usually weakly built, thanks to poor craftsmanship and little funding. They usually collapsed and killed passers-by. 8 , emperors 9 how high landlords could construct insulae. The maximum building height was 60 feet. According to the law, then, builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to ensure the 10 of the building. However, it didn’t work so well, especially since building codes were 11 by the landlords in order to save on the construction cost, and most renters were too poor to charge the landlords. Therefore, life-threatening accidents usually happened. Even if insulae didn’t fall down, they could be so 12 as to be washed away in a flood. That’s about the only time their inhabitants would 13 clean natural water, since there was rarely in-home plumbing (水管)in an apartment. What’s more, the insulae caught fire frequently, leaving Rome with a vicious (恶性的) 14 of houses burning down and collapsing, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more. Indeed, rather than being in nature’s hands, some collapses were 15 since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents. 1. A. annoyance B. complaint C. history D. consequence 2. A. unlimited B. miserable C. realistic D. expensive 3. A. spread B. tested C. combated D. diagnosed 4.A. consisting of B. taking advantage of C. belonging to D. relying on 5. A. sell B. afford C. decorate D. visit 6. A. mixed B. filled C. squeezed D. invited 7. A. general B. legal C. wealthy D. sociable 8. A. To sum up B. As a result C. In addition D. By contrast 9. A. restricted B. solved C. threatened D. evaluated 10. A. privacy B. temperature C. outlook D. safety 11. A. strengthened B. ignored C. followed D. drafted 12. A. cheap B. vacant C. insignificant D. shaky 13. A. give credit to B. bring life to C. have access to D. take control of 14. A. cycle B. punishment C. treatment D. fight 15. A. unexpected B. intentional C. destructive D. gradual 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. A　5. B　6. C　7. C　8. B　9. A　10. D　11. B　12. D　13. C　14. A　15. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古罗马时期城市居民的公寓居住状况，包括居住环境拥挤、房屋质量差、卫生条件恶劣、火灾和坍塌风险高等问题。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古罗马人在他们的公寓里也经历了同样的烦恼。A. annoyance烦恼；B. complaint抱怨；C. history历史；D. consequence后果。根据前文“Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone.” 可知，租金高、墙壁摇晃、有虫子等都是居住中的烦恼，古罗马人也面临同样的问题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的动物混杂在一起，让普通市民的生活很悲惨。A. unlimited无限的；B. miserable悲惨的；C. realistic现实的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据前文“people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters”可知，人们挤在不舒适的住所里，生活应该是悲惨的。故选B。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：而密切接触传播了疾病。A. spread传播；B. tested测试；C. combated对抗；D. diagnosed诊断。根据常识及后文“diseases”可知，人们密切接触容易导致疾病传播。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种公寓通常由六到八栋公寓楼组成，围绕着楼梯和中央庭院建造，居住的是那些买不起传统住宅或私人住宅的贫穷工人。A. consisting of由…… 组成；B. taking advantage of利用；C. belonging to属于；D. relying on依靠。根据后文“six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard”可知，此处是在描述这种公寓的构成。故选A。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sell卖；B. afford买得起；C. decorate装饰；D. visit参观。根据前文“poor workers”可知，贫穷的工人应该是买不起传统的私人住宅。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人挤在他们的住所里。A. mixed混合；B. filled充满；C. squeezed挤压；D. invited邀请。根据前文“people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters”可知，居住环境拥挤，人们是被挤在住所里。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：较低楼层的公寓进出最方便——因此属于富裕的租房者——而不幸的人则被安排在较高楼层的小房间里。A. general普通的；B. legal合法的；C. wealthy富裕的；D. sociable善于交际的。根据前文“the easiest for entry and exit”可知，低楼层进出方便，应该是富裕的租房者才能享用，与后文“unfortunate individuals”形成对比。故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，皇帝限制了房东建造公寓的高度。A. To sum up总之；B. As a result结果；C. In addition此外；D. By contrast相比之下。根据前文“They usually collapsed and killed passers-by”可知，由于房屋经常坍塌导致路人死亡，因此皇帝采取了限制房屋高度的措施，此处是因果关系。故选B。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. restricted限制；B. solved解决；C. threatened威胁；D. evaluated评估。根据后文“The maximum building height was 60 feet.”可知，皇帝规定了建筑的最高高度，即限制了建造高度。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据当时的法律，建筑工人应该建造至少一英寸半厚的墙壁，以确保建筑物的安全。A. privacy隐私；B. temperature温度；C. outlook前景；D. safety安全。根据前文“make walls at least an inch and a half thick”可知，加厚墙壁是为了确保建筑的安全。故选D。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有起到很好的作用，尤其是因为房东为了节省建筑成本而忽视了建筑规范，而且大多数租房者太穷，无法控告房东。A. strengthened加强；B. ignored忽视；C. followed遵循；D. drafted起草。根据后文“to save on the construction cost”可知，房东为了省钱，会忽视建筑规范。故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使公寓没有倒塌，它们也可能如此不稳固，以至于在洪水中被冲走。A. cheap便宜的；B. vacant空的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. shaky不稳固的。根据前文“insulae were usually weakly built”及后文“be washed away in a flood”可知，房屋建造质量差，即使不坍塌，也很不稳固，容易被洪水冲走。故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这大概是居民们唯一能接触到干净自然水的机会，因为公寓里很少有室内水管。A. give credit to归功于；B. bring life to赋予……生命；C. have access to接触到；D. take control of控制。根据后文“since there was rarely in-home plumbing in an apartment”可知，公寓里没有水管，所以洪水时可能是唯一能接触到干净自然水的机会。故选C。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，公寓经常发生火灾，使得罗马陷入一个恶性循环：房屋烧毁、坍塌，然后立即重建，再次发生火灾。A. cycle循环；B. punishment惩罚；C. treatment治疗；D. fight斗争。根据后文“houses burning down and collapsing, sales, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more time”可知，这是一个不断重复的循环过程。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，有些坍塌并非出于自然原因，而是故意的，因为贪婪的房东为了追求更多的租金，不断拆除现有的公寓，用更高更大的建筑来替代它们。A. unexpected意外的；B. intentional故意的；C. destructive破坏性的；D. gradual逐渐的。根据前文“rather than being in nature’s hands”及后文“since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents” 可知，有些坍塌是房东故意造成的，目的是重建更高的建筑以获取更多租金。故选B。 （一） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed 1 in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and 2 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most 3 were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.” As with everything in life, happiness has its 4 . Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals – known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)－is 5 . It leads to a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are 6 to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 7 how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with 8 causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To 9 these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 10 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater 11 than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. 12 , the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so 13 many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 14 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully 15 the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive. 1. A. unwillingly B. unpleasantly C. admirably D. incredibly 2. A. generated B. increased C. tracked D. drained 3. A. joyful B. wealthy C. successful D. distinctive 4. A. advantage B. balance C. opportunity D. preference 5. A. fruitful B. significant C. priceless D. rewardless 6. A. desperate B. hesitant C. likely D. willing 7. A. centers on B. agrees with C. benefits from D. applies to 8. A. performance B. discipline C. uncertainty D. ignorance 9. A. conceal B. create C. tolerate D. avoid 10. A. necessarily B. inevitably C. similarly D. deliberately 11. A. fascination B. rewards C. depression D. challenges 12. A. In fact B. That is to say C. For instance D. In turn 13. A. harvests B. encounters C. designs D. sacrifices 14. A. happiness B. wealth C. dishonor D. suffering 15. A. escape B. predict C. experience D. produce 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. D　6. B　7. A　8. C　9. D　10. A　11. B　12. A　13. D　14. D　15. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明过度快乐未必带来学业和收入成功，快乐需平衡。过度追乐易回避风险，而接纳适度痛苦与风险，方能收获更有意义、丰富的人生。 (1)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有着出色的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现却不如那些仅仅“快乐”的人。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. unpleasantly令人不满地；C. admirably令人钦佩地；D. incredibly难以置信地。根据前文“the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives”用“Although”表转折，“非常快乐”的参与者“社交生活出色”，转折后需体现“学业表现不佳”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，研究人员检查了另一项研究的数据集，该研究评估了大学新生的“快乐程度”，并跟踪了他们近二十年后的收入。A. generated产生；B. increased增加；C. tracked追踪；D. drained耗尽。根据下文“their income nearly two decades later”可知，研究需“追踪”大一新生的“快乐程度”与近20 年后的收入关系，强调“长期记录”。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，最快乐的人并不是收入最高的人。A. joyful快乐的；B. wealthy富有的；C. successful成功的；D. distinctive独特的。根据前文“study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness””围绕“快乐程度”与收入的关系，此处对应“最开朗的人并非收入最高者”，与前文“very happy”“happy”形成呼应。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像生活中的每件事一样，幸福也有它的平衡。A. advantage优势；B. balance平衡；C. opportunity机会；D. preference偏好。根据后文“Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals”强调“过度追求快乐会忽略其他目标”，说明快乐需要“平衡”，而非无节制。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求幸福而不去追求其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——是没有回报的。A. fruitful富有成效的；B. significant重要的；C. priceless无价的；D. rewardless无回报的。根据后文“It leads to a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are ____6____ to take risks”提到“无法发挥潜力、不愿冒险”说明“排他性追求快乐”是无回报的。故选D项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它导致你无法充分发挥自己的潜力，你在冒险时犹豫不决，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。A. desperate渴望的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. likely可能的；D. willing愿意的。根据下文“where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning”可知，过度追求快乐者会回避挑战，因此“不愿冒险”，即“犹豫是否冒险”。故选B项。 (7)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中消极结果的恐惧时，在许多情况下，他们真正的恐惧来源集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。A. centers on专注于；B. agrees with同意；C. benefits from受益于；D. applies to适用于。根据下文“how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself”可知，人们对负面结果的恐惧，核心专注是“担心失败后的感受”，而非失败本身。故选A项。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这类似于不确定性带来的不安比肯定会带来的坏消息更让人焦虑。A. performance表现；B. discipline纪律；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. ignorance无知。根据下文“causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news”可知，“未知的不确定性”比“确定的坏消息”更令人焦虑，与前文“对失败感受的担忧”（未知）呼应。故选C项。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这些不好的感觉，人们放弃了各种可能失败的机会。A. conceal隐藏； B. create创造；C. tolerate容忍；D. avoid避免。根据下文“these bad feelings”可知，为了“避免”这些负面感受，人们放弃有失败风险的机会。故选D项。 (10)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，冒险不一定会让我们快乐。A. necessarily必然地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. similarly相似地；D. deliberately故意地。根据后文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，“冒险可能带来失望，但也有更大回报”说明“风险未必会让人快乐”，强调“并非必然”。故选A项。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒险的生活很可能会带来失望，但就像上面的研究表明的那样，它比安全的生活带来更大的回报。A. fascination魅力；B. rewards回报；C. depression抑郁；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，“冒险可能带来失望”，但“but”表转折，强调 “比安稳生活有更大回报”，与前文“收入研究”中“次快乐群体更成功”呼应。故选B项。 (12)题解析： 考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，对幸福的渴望是自然和正常的。A. In fact 事实上；B. That is to say也就是说；C. For instance例如；D. In turn反过来。根据前文“None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy.”提到“并非说想要快乐是愚蠢的”，后文“the desire for happiness is natural and normal.”提到“追求快乐是自然正常的”，用“事实上”加强递进，补充说明观点。故选A项。 (13)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素。A. harvests收获；B. encounters遭遇；C. designs设计；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据下文“many of the elements of a good life”可知，“无尽的快乐无法实现，且会牺牲美好生活的许多元素”，与前文“过度追求快乐忽略其他目标”呼应。故选D项。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们选择的苦难为我们提供了获得快乐、意义和个人成长的最多机会。A. happiness快乐；B. wealth财富；C. dishonor耻辱；D. suffering痛苦。根据前文强调“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.”提到“接受风险和负面感受”，可知，心理学家观点进一步佐证“痛苦能带来快乐、意义和成长”。故选D项。 (15)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦永远不应该成为任何人的目标，但我们每个人都可以争取丰富的生活，我们不仅寻求阳光，也充分体验不可避免的雨水。A. escape 逃避；B. predict预测；C. experience经历；D. produce产生。根据下文“the rain that inevitably falls as well”可知，“丰富的人生不仅要追求阳光，也要充分经历不可避免的风雨”，“经历风雨”对应前文“接受风险和负面感受”。故选C项。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）More and more shoppers are buying things online these days, allowing them to 1 aggressive salespeople and long lines at checkout counters. Despite online convenience, 2 , there are some items-like clothes-that customers prefer to 3 before buying. In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores and 4 the gap between online and in-store retail (零售). A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer, has created a fast and painless shopping 5 for its customers. Shoppers walk into a Hointer store and select one of the many pairs of jeans 6 down from bars. Then they point their smartphones at the tag and start the Hointer app, after which they select the size and press “try on.” The app then directs them to a specific dressing room. German-made robots bring out the 7 jeans and deliver them through a chute (斜槽) to the dressing room in about 30 seconds. Immediately after unwanted pairs of jeans are dropped through another chute, the “outbox”, they disappear from the list in the app. Purchases at Hointer are made with a swipe (刷卡) of a credit card. And interacting with a salesperson is optional! This allows Hointer to hire fewer people and 8 on their ultimate goal: developing 9 that supports a retail revolution. Men’s clothing retailer Bonobos has 10 a more personalized shopping experience. Although it is, in fact, an online retailer, Bonobos has decided to open a handful of physical stores called Guideshops. Shoppers make a (n) 11 online before arriving at a Guideshop, where they receive one-on-one 12 from a fitting guide. Because these shops have limited inventories (存货), shoppers aren’t able to take home the outfits they select. 13 , it is not a big problem because the fitting guides will help shoppers make online purchases before they leave, after which the items will be 14 to customers in one or two days. While Hointer focuses on convenience, Bonobos Guideshops focus on customer service. But both efforts have one thing 15 : giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century. 1. A. respect B. avoid C. maintain D. admit 2. A. however B. therefore C. anyway D. moreover 3. A. convince B. permit C. ensure D. examine 4. A. break B. bridge C. widen D. deepen 5. A. experience B. mall C. direction D. principle 6. A. hiding B. hanging C. storing D. labeling 7. A. desired B. well-designed C. promoted D. unwanted 8. A. comment B. reflect C. bake D. concentrate 9. A. employment B. effect C. technology D. market 10.A. come up with B. looked forward to C. looked up D. brought up 11. A. decision B. appointment C. contribution D. impression 12. A. impact B. instruction C. notice D. attention 13. A. However B. Therefore C. What’s more D. For instance 14. A. presented B. packaged C. delivered D. divided 15. A. in conclusion B. in common C. in addition D. in brief 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. A　6. B　7. A　8. D　9. C　10. A　11. B　12. D　13. A　14. C　15. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Hointer和Bonobos两家公司通过创新模式革新服装零售行业的做法——Hointer借助科技打造便捷购物体验，Bonobos通过线下体验店提供个性化服务，两者均旨在缩小线上线下零售的差距，为21世纪服装零售业注入新活力。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今越来越多的购物者选择网上购物，这让他们能够避开强势的销售人员和收银台前排起的长队。A. respect尊重；B. avoid避开；C. maintain维持；D. admit承认。根据前文“More and more shoppers are buying things online these days,”可知，线上购物的优势之一是无需面对线下的销售人员和排队问题，“avoid”体现“避开”这些不便，符合语境。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管线上购物很便捷，但有些商品——比如衣服——消费者更倾向于先查看再购买。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. anyway无论如何；D. moreover此外。前文强调线上购物的便捷，后文转折指出部分商品需线下查看，“however”表转折，符合逻辑。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管线上购物很便捷，但有些商品——比如衣服——消费者更倾向于先查看再购买。A. convince说服；B. permit允许；C. ensure确保；D. examine查看、检查。根据常识可知，衣服需要试穿、查看材质和版型，“examine”体现消费者购买前的核实动作，符合服装购物的特点。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：鉴于此，两家公司正在寻找让商店现代化的方法，以缩小线上和线下零售之间的差距。A. break打破；B. bridge弥合、缩小；C. widen扩大；D. deepen加深。根据前文“In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores”可，根据两家公司的创新做法，其目的是“缩小”线上线下零售的差距，“bridge the gap”为固定搭配，表“弥合差距”。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时也销售设计师牛仔裤的软件公司Hointer，为其客户打造了一种快速且无烦恼的购物体验。A. experience体验；B. mall商场；C. direction方向；D. principle原则。根据后文“a more personalized shopping experience.”可知，Hointer通过科技优化了消费者的“购物体验”，符合语境。故选A项。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：购物者走进Hointer商店，从挂在横杆上的众多牛仔裤中挑选一条。A. hiding隐藏；B. hanging悬挂；C. storing储存；D. labeling贴标签。根据后文“down from bars.”可知，服装在商店中通常“悬挂”展示，“hanging down from bars”符合牛仔裤的陈列方式。故选B项。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国制造的机器人会拿出想要的那条牛仔裤，在大约30秒内通过斜槽送到试衣间。A. desired想要的；B. well-designed设计精良的；C. promoted推广的；D. unwanted不想要的。根据前文they select the size and press “try on.””可知，机器人递送的是消费者选中的、“想要的”牛仔裤，符合订单逻辑。故选A项。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使得Hointer可以雇佣更少的人，并专注于其最终目标：开发支持零售革命的技术。A. comment评论；B. reflect反思；C. bake烘烤；D. concentrate专注。根据前文“This allows Hointer to hire fewer people”可知，雇佣 fewer 人减少了人力投入，让公司能“专注于”核心目标，“concentrate on”为固定搭配，表“专注于”。故选D项。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得Hointer可以雇佣更少的人，并专注于其最终目标：开发支持零售革命的技术。A. employment就业；B. effect效果；C. technology技术；D. market市场。根据前文“A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer”可知，Hointer是软件公司，其创新依赖机器人、手机应用等“技术”，符合公司定位。故选C项。 (10)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：男装零售商Bonobos想出了一种更个性化的购物体验。A. come up with想出、提出；B. looked forward to期待；C. looked up查阅；D. brought up抚养。根据后文“a more personalized shopping experience.”可知，Bonobos推出的线下体验店是一种创新模式，“come up with”体现“想出”这一创意，符合语境。故选A项。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：购物者在到达体验店前需在线上预约，在那里他们会得到试衣顾问一对一的关注。A. decision决定；B. appointment预约；C. contribution贡献；D. impression印象。根据后文“before arriving at a Guideshop”可知，体验店提供个性化服务，需提前“预约”以保障服务质量，符合服务流程。故选B项。 (12)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：购物者在到达体验店前需在线上预约，在那里他们会得到试衣顾问一对一的关注。A. impact影响；B. instruction指导；C. notice通知；D. attention关注。“one-on-one attention”指“一对一关注”，体现个性化服务的专属感，符合体验店的定位。故选D项。 (13)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不是什么大问题，因为试衣顾问会帮助购物者在离开前完成线上购买，之后商品会在一两天内送达消费者手中。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. What's more此外；D. For instance例如。前文提到“不能当场带走商品”，后文转折说明“这不是大问题”，“However”表转折，符合逻辑。故选A项。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不是什么大问题，因为试衣顾问会帮助购物者在离开前完成线上购买，之后商品会在一两天内送达消费者手中。A. presented呈现；B. packaged包装；C. delivered递送；D. divided划分。根据后文“to customers in one or two days.”可知，线上购买的商品需通过物流“递送”给消费者，“delivered to”符合电商配送逻辑。故选C项。 (15)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：但这两项努力有一个共同点：让服装零售商以全新面貌迎接21世纪。A. in conclusion总之；B. in common共同之处；C. in addition此外；D. in brief简言之。根据后文“giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century.”可知，短文分别介绍两家公司的不同侧重点，又强调两者的“共同之处”是革新零售业，“have one thing in common”为固定搭配，表“有一个共同点”。故选B项。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be 1 that people from other cultures say what you can’t talk about. Paying attention to what people don’t 2 can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的）may also be avoided. America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will 3 both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues(种族问题). Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and 4 . Americans believe it’s best to avoid them — especially at social gatherings. Many Americans also do not feel 5 talking about their personal income, age or health. 6 , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests. What do these taboos tell us about American 7 ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on 8 . America certainly isn’t the only place that values it. You will find 9 taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. “This is especially true in Germany”, says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. “In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people’s personal business,” she says. “But there are no 10 rules about what you can’t ask; it’s just in people’s minds.” In Brazil, 11 , almost anything seems open to discussion. “Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues,” says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything 12 about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be 13 . Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business 14 . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting(夸大) your achievements will only make you the 15 of other people’s jokes. And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn’t said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture. 1. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved 2. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss 3. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on 4. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships 5. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed 6. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead 7. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams 8. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom 9. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive 10. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic 11. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow 12. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative 13. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional 14. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures 15. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. A　5. B　6. D　7. A　8. C　9. C　10. B　11. B　12. D　13. C　14. A　15. C 【解析】本文是说明文。不同文化背景有不同的语言禁忌，这些禁忌能让我们了解每种文化中重要的东西。文章列举了几个国家的禁忌话题。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自其他文化背景的人说一些你不能说的事情，你可能会感到很吃惊。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised吃惊的；C. fascinated着迷的；D. relieved感到宽慰的。因为文化有差异，其禁忌也不同，如果不了解这些差异会感到吃惊。故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意人们不讨论的东西可以教会我们一些关于他们文化的重要东西。A. stress强调；B. consider考虑，认为；C. desire想要，要求；D. discuss讨论。此处指那些禁忌语是人们不讨论的内容，故选D。 (3)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在有礼貌的谈话中，美国人会排除政治和宗教的因素。A. rule out排除，取消，反对；B. take to喜欢，开始；C. touch upon涉及，触及；D. focus on集中。根据下文Because these topics can cause strong opinions . Americans believe it’s best to avoid them — especially at social gatherings.可知他们避免谈论政治和宗教问题。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争论。A. arguments争论；B. interactions相互作用；C. agreements同意，协议；D. relationships关系，关联。根据常识可知政治问题、宗教问题和种族问题由于观点不同，会引起强烈的意见和争论。故选A。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多美国人谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康状况时也不放松。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. relaxed放松的，自在的；C. confused困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。此处指他们不喜欢谈论个人收入、年龄或健康状况。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。A. Besides此外；B. Occasionally偶尔；C. Frankly 坦率地；D. Instead代替，反而。美国人用谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣等内容来代替谈论个人收入、年龄或健康状况。表示转折，故选D。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于美国价值观，这些禁忌告诉我们什么? A. values价值观；B. features特征；C. status地位，身份；D. dreams梦想。下文提到的美国人很重视隐私，这属于他们的价值观。下文that values it.也给了提示，故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，它们表明美国人很重视隐私。A. culture 文化，文明；B. independence独立；C. privacy隐私；D. freedom自由。不谈论个人收入、年龄或健康状况属于重视隐私，故选C。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在许多欧洲国家，你会发现问私人问题也有类似的禁忌。A. formal正式的；B. unique独特的；C. similar相似的；D. aggressive好斗的。此处指许多欧洲国家和美国相似，都把谈论私人问题当作禁忌。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于你不能问的问题，并没有成文的规定；这只是人们的想法。A. specialized专门的；B. written成文的，书面的；C. common普通的；D. basic基本的。根据it’s just in people’s minds可知关于禁忌没有明文规定，故选B。 (11)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在巴西，似乎任何事情都可以讨论。A. moreover而且，此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此，所以；D. anyhow无论如何。与上文美国和一些欧洲国家有禁忌形成转折，故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于足球说任何负面的话都会带来大麻烦。即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也可能是危险的。A. important重要的；B. worthless无价值的；C. magical魔术的，有魔力的；D. negative消极的，否定的。根据Brazilians love the sport.可知巴西人热爱足球，所以关于足球负面的话不受人们喜欢。故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对足球说任何负面的话都会带来大麻烦。即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也可能是危险的。A. beneficial有益的；B. impressive 给人深刻印象的；C. dangerous危险的；D. emotional情绪的，情感的。结合上文巴西的国情In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport.谈论足球可能会化友为敌，是危险的。故选C。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们不谈论他们的个人或事业成就。A. achievements成就，成绩；B. secrets秘密；C. lives生活；D. failures失败。根据下文Boasting(夸大) your achievements可知是个人成就，故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：夸大你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的对象。A. audience观众；B. designer设计师；C. target目标，攻击对象； D. interpreter口译者。夸大个人成就会成为别人笑话的目标，所以澳大利亚人忌讳谈论个人成就。故选C。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，小题3根据下文Because these topics can cause strong opinions . Americans believe it’s best to avoid them — especially at social gatherings.可知他们避免谈论政治和宗教问题。故选rule out。小题10根据it’s just in people’s minds可知关于禁忌没有明文规定，故选written。小题13结合上文巴西的国情In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport.谈论足球可能会化友为敌，是危险的。故选dangerous。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. Here are the three most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period“. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 languages, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat practice in a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to 6 a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use 7 methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the 8 can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course that 9 the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking ). For self-study, try a 10 of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. 11 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 12 or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 13 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 14 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 15 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore 2. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. contributions 3. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with 4. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. pleasant 5. A. national B. official C. signal D. target 6. A. make sense of B. make use of C. make profit of D. make fun of 7. A. common B. educational C. lasting D. multiple 8. A. variety B. change C. improvement D. choices 9. A. delivers B. lacks C. measures D. includes 10. A. selection B. preference C. combination D. decoration 11. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Safety D. Limitation 12. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter 13. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 14. A. amaze B. ignore C. ruin D. embarrass 15. A. if B. before C. in case D. so that 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B　5. D　6. A　7. D　8. A　9. D　10. C　11. B　12. B　13. D　14. D　15. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语言学习中的一些常见误区，以及如何纠正这些误区，从而更有效地学习语言。 (1)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数语言学习技能都是习惯，可以通过一点自律来养成。A. however然而；B. moreover此外；C. furthermore而且；D. therefore因此。根据上文“It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. (人们认为聪明的人更擅长学习语言。)”和下文“Most language learning skills, ____, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. (大多数语言学习技能都是习惯，可以通过一点自律来养成。)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故应用however。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：以下是语言学习者最常犯的三个错误以及如何纠正它们。A. successes成功；B. wonders奇迹；C. mistakes错误；D. contributions贡献。根据下文“how to correct them”可知，此处指语言学习者最常犯的错误。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一派语言教学专家认为，语言学习始于“沉默期”。A. picks up捡起；B. begins with以……开始；C. takes up占据；D. meets with遇到。根据下文“Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. (就像婴儿通过听和模仿声音来学习产生语言一样，语言学习者需要通过练习听力来学习。)”可知，语言学习始于“沉默期”，在此期间主要是练习听力。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听力是我们在日常生活中使用最多的交际技能，但除非你住在国外或参加语言课，否则很难练习。A. efficient有效率的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据下文“unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes”可知，除非住在国外或参加语言课，否则练习听力是困难的。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词/名词义辨析。句意：解决办法？找目标语言的音乐、播客、电视节目和电影，尽可能多地听、听、听。A. national国家的；B. official官方的；C. signal信号；D. target目标。根据上文“Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies”可知，此处指找目标语言的音乐、播客、电视节目和电影。故选D。 (6)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人需要一本语法教科书来理解一门外语。A. make sense of理解；B. make use of利用；C. make profit of谋取利益；D. make fun of取笑。根据上文“Some need a grammar textbook”可知，有些人需要一本语法教科书用来理解一门外语。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用多种方法的语言学习者可以练习不同的技能，并以不同的方式解释概念。A. common共同的；B. educational教育的；C. lasting持久的；D. multiple多种的。根据上文“it’s a mistake to rely on only one”可知，只依靠一种方法是错误的，由此可知，此处指使用多种方法的语言学习者。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，这种多样性可以防止他们在一种一成不变的情况下学习。A. variety多样性；B. change改变；C. improvement改善；D. choices选择。根据上文“Language learners who use ____ methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways.”可知，使用多种方法可以带来多样性，由此可知，此处指这种多样性可以防止学习者在一成不变的情况下学习。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在选择课程时，学习者应该寻求一门包括四种语言技能（读、写、听、说）的课程。A. delivers递送；B. lacks缺乏；C. measures测量；D. includes包括。根据下文“the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking)”可知，此处指寻求一门包括读、写、听、说四种语言技能的课程。故选D。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于自学，尝试结合教科书、音频课程和语言学习的应用程序。A. selection选择；B. preference偏爱；C. combination结合；D. decoration装饰。根据下文“textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps”可知，此处指尝试结合教科书、音频课程和语言学习的应用程序来自学。故选C。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐惧。A. Complaints抱怨；B. Fear恐惧；C. Safety安全；D. Limitation限制。根据下文“feelings of ____ or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work”可知，不安全感会阻碍学习，由此可知，此处指恐惧。故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个阶段，语言学习者应该冷静下来，害羞或不安全感会阻碍他们的所有努力。A. humor幽默；B. shyness害羞；C. achievements成就；D. laughter笑声。根据下文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中，英语作为外语的教师经常抱怨说，学生尽管学了多年英语，就是不肯说。)”可知，在东方文化中，学生因为害羞而不愿开口说英语。故选B。 (13)题解析： 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或发音错误而让自己难堪。A. confident in对……有信心；B. comfortable with对……感到舒适；C. keen on热衷于；D. afraid of害怕。根据上文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中，英语作为外语的教师经常抱怨说，学生尽管学了多年英语，就是不肯说。)”可知，学生因为害怕犯错让自己难堪而不愿开口说英语。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或发音错误而让自己难堪。A. amaze使惊讶；B. ignore忽视；C. ruin毁灭；D. embarrass使尴尬。根据上文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中)”可知，在东方文化中，面子是一种强烈社会价值，由此可知，此处指学生害怕犯错让自己难堪。故选D。 (15)题解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意：关键是，这些错误通过向语言学习者展示语言的局限性来帮助他们，并在错误根深蒂固之前纠正它们。A. if如果；B. before在……之前；C. in case以防；D. so that以便。根据上文“correcting errors”以及下文“they become deep-rooted”可知，应该在错误根深蒂固之前纠正它们。故选B。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Who Cooks the Most in Your Home? Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a 1 left to clean up at the end. Who 2 most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The 3 , of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in 4 of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation (平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty 5 , Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘ 6 ’ ticket— they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, 7 them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme 8 ,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore (苦差事) ; it is a part of their 9 ,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to 10 the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some 11 . He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and 12 it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s 13 : “Maybe we just have to 14 the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and 15 a great skill for their kids.” 1. A. gift B. mess C. tip D. warning 2. A. depends on B. longs for C. takes up D. turns down 3. A. disadvantage B. imbalance C. misunderstanding D. uncertainty 4. A. charge B. favor C. search D. pursuit 5. A. accurately B. fairly C. randomly D. strangely 6. A. cheap B. easy C. fresh D. rare 7. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. scared D. surprised 8. A. anxiety B. pressure C. pride D. shame 9. A. generosity B. identity C. opportunity D. personality 10. A. abandon B. embrace C. resist D. suspect 11.A. cooking basics B. gardening essentials C. language skills D. math principles 12.A. fallen in love with B. kept in touch with C. lost interest in D. make fun of 13. A. advice B. dream C. lead D. trouble 14. A. beg B. encourage C. force D. permit 15. A. fetching B. modeling C. ordering D. providing 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A　5. B　6. B　7. D　8. C　9. B　10. B　11. A　12. A　13. C　14. B　15. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项全球调查显示，多数国家女性承担更多家务烹饪，这种失衡引发不满；仅意大利男性做饭更多，美国部分男性正将烹饪当作爱好。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后往往会留下一堆烂摊子需要清理。A. gift礼物；B. mess混乱；C. tip小费；D. warning警告。根据前文“Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats.”提及假日聚餐需要切菜、烤焙等一系列操作，后文出现“clean up”（清理）的动作提示，可知餐后会留下杂乱的局面。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：谁承担了大部分的责任？A. depends on依赖；B. longs for渴望；C. takes up承担；D. turns down拒绝。根据句意以及下文“most of these duties”可知，本句承接上文“餐后有一堆活儿要收拾”，提出问题“谁承担了这些职责的大部分”。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，这种不平衡让许多女性感到沮丧。A. disadvantage劣势；B. imbalance不平衡；C. misunderstanding误解；D. uncertainty不确定性。根据前文“In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four.”数据明确显示“女性每周做饭近9次，男性仅约4次”可知，这种家务分配的不均衡让很多女性感到沮丧。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：41岁的艾米丽·凯法特（Emily Kephart）是两个孩子的母亲，她说，当只有她和丈夫在一起的时候，她很喜欢负责食物，但有了孩子，这种平衡就改变了。A. charge负责、掌管；B. favor支持；C. search搜寻；D. pursuit追求。根据句意以及下文“when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation”可知，此处指“只有她和丈夫时，她很乐意负责饮食”，in charge of为固定短语，意为“负责、掌管”。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：凯法特称，虽然其他家务的分配还算相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。“每当我外出或有其他安排时，我丈夫十有八九会选择‘省事方案’—— 要么点披萨，要么吃冷冻鸡块。A. accurately准确地；B. fairly公平地；C. randomly随机地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据下文“she still gets annoyed with her spouse”提到她还是会对丈夫感到不满，由此可知，虽然其他家务分配得相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。故选B项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：凯法特称，虽然其他家务的分配还算相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。“每当我外出或有其他安排时，我丈夫十有八九会选择‘省事方案’—— 要么点披萨，要么吃冷冻鸡块。A. cheap便宜的；B. easy容易的、省事的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. rare稀有的。根据后文“they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets”提到“点披萨、吃冷冻鸡块”，说明丈夫选择的是省事的解决办法。故选B项。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些意大利裔美国读者说，这一点也不让他们感到惊讶。A. delighted高兴的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. scared害怕的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据前文“The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy.”提到 “意大利是唯一一个男性做饭比女性多的国家”可知，意大利裔读者表示这一点也不让他们惊讶，因为烹饪是意大利文化的一部分。故选D项。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：加布里埃尔·迪方佐写道：“对我们意大利人来说，知道并创造美食是一件极其自豪的事情。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. pressure压力；C. pride自豪；D. shame羞耻。根据后文“For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes.”提到“烹饪被视为有男子气概的活动”，说明对意大利人来说，制作美食是极度自豪的事。故选C项。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“为意大利人做饭不是一件苦差事；这是他们身份认同的一部分，”博克斯说。A. generosity慷慨；B. identity身份认同；C. opportunity机会；D. personality性格。根据前文“Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage.”强调“食物是意大利文化和遗产的重要部分”，因此烹饪对意大利人来说不是苦差事，而是他们身份认同的一部分。故选B项。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然在美国，女性往往比男性更喜欢做饭，但一些男性开始把烹饪的艺术和科学作为一种值得自豪的爱好。A. abandon放弃；B. embrace欣然接受；C. resist抵制；D. suspect怀疑。根据句意以及下文“…cooking as a hobby to be proud of”可知，虽然美国女性做饭更多，但一些男性开始欣然接受烹饪的艺术与科学，将其视为值得骄傲的爱好。故选B项。 (11)题解析： 考查名词短语辨析。句意：当他们相遇时，他不会做饭，所以她教了他一些烹饪基础知识。A. cooking basics烹饪基础；B. gardening essentials园艺要领；C. language skills语言技能；D. math principles数学原理。 根据前文“When they met, he couldn’t cook”提到“他一开始不会做饭”，所以她教了他一些烹饪基础。故选A项。 (12)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，他自学了更多的烹饪科学知识，并爱上了烹饪。A. fallen in love with爱上；B. kept in touch with保持联系；C. lost interest in失去兴趣；D. make fun of取笑。根据前文“He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking”提到“他自学了更多烹饪的科学知识”，说明他对烹饪的态度是喜爱的。故选A项。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：库利塞克希望更多的男人跟随她丈夫的脚步：“也许我们只需要鼓励那些已经在做饭的男人更多地做饭。”A. advice建议；B. dream梦想；C. lead范例，榜样；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s…”以及下文“who are already cooking to do it more often”可知，此处指希望更多男性效仿她丈夫，follow one’s lead 意为“效仿某人”为固定短语。故选C项。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：库利塞克希望更多的男人跟随她丈夫的脚步：“也许我们只需要鼓励那些已经在做饭的男人更多地做饭。”A. beg乞求；B. encourage鼓励；C. force强迫；D. permit允许。根据下文“who are already cooking to do it more often”结合前文“希望更多男性效仿”的态度，此处应是鼓励那些已经在做饭的男性更频繁地下厨。故选B项。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能会发现这是一种处理压力的好方法，同时可以减轻伴侣的压力，并为孩子提供一种很好的技能。A. fetching取来；B. modeling建模；C. ordering点餐；D. providing提供、传授。根据句意以及下文“a great skill for their kids”可知，此处为这或许是缓解压力、减轻伴侣负担，同时为孩子传授一项很棒技能的好方法。故选D项。 （六） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）A Roman Holiday Last week I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas 1 . Here are the things that I loved about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites from its 2 past. These include the Roman Forum, which was once the 3 of public and political life in Ancient Rome, as well as the vast Coliseum, the largest outdoor theatre ever built and one of the greatest wonders in the world. The 4 of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at school and was excited to see them in real life. When I walked around the museum in Vatican City, I saw plenty of famous 5 . The best part of the visit was, without doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a large offering of 6 for tourists, but some of it isn’t very good in quality. I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals of the 7 , like pasta with tomatoes, onions and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and drinking hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has not only lots of 8 stores, but also plenty of shops that are in my price range. It was a perfect 9 to buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love visiting new places, especially 10 cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer. Hopefully I’ll travel even more in the future. 1. A. descriptions B. elements C. materials D. decorations 2. A. global B. original C. distant D. traditional 3. A. organization B. center C. routine D. destination 4. A. remains B. entrances C. settlements D. positions 5. A. structures B. sculptures C. weapons D. aspects 6. A. food B. site C. schedule D. exploration 7. A. downtown B. statue C. facility D. region 8. A. crowded B. energetic C. fancy D. convenient 9. A. behavior B. opinion C. feature D. opportunity 10. A. capital B. high-end C. unique D. shocked 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A　5. B　6. A　7. D　8. C　9. D　10. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者首次游览罗马的经历，分享了对这座城市的历史遗迹、文艺复兴杰作、特色美食及购物体验的喜爱，表达了对游览首都城市的热衷。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在这座意大利首都度过了忙碌的三天，参观了许多旅游景点，漫步在点缀着圣诞装饰的街道上。A. descriptions描述；B. elements元素；C. materials材料；D. decorations装饰。根据前文“seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas”和常识可知，圣诞期间街道会有“装饰”，“Christmas decorations”为固定搭配，意为“圣诞装饰”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一，从其遥远的过去起就布满了奇妙的历史遗迹。A. global全球的；B. original原始的；C. distant遥远的；D. traditional传统的。根据前文“one of the most ancient cities”可知，罗马的过去是“遥远的”，“distant past”意为“遥远的过去”，符合语境。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括罗马广场，它曾是古罗马公共和政治生活的中心，以及巨大的斗兽场——有史以来最大的露天剧场，也是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。A. organization组织；B. center中心；C. routine常规；D. destination目的地。根据前文“These include the Roman Forum”可知，它曾是古罗马公共和政治生活的“中心”，“center of... life”意为“……生活的中心”。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些建筑和寺庙的遗迹令人着迷：你简直不敢相信它们有多古老。A. remains遗迹；B. entrances入口；C. settlements定居点；D. positions位置。根据前文“Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites”和后文“how old they are”可知，此处指建筑和寺庙的“遗迹”。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我漫步在梵蒂冈城的博物馆时，我看到了许多著名的雕塑。A. structures建筑、建筑物；B. sculptures雕塑；C. weapons武器；D. aspects方面。根据前文“I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period”和“museum in Vatican City”可知，博物馆中陈列的文艺复兴杰作包括著名的“雕塑”，符合语境。故选B项。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在罗马，有很多供游客选择的食物，但有些质量不是很好。A. food食物；B. site地点；C. schedule日程；D. exploration探索。根据后文“I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals”可知，此处指罗马有很多“食物”供游客选择。故选A项。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力找了一些餐厅，品尝这个地区受欢迎的美食，比如番茄、洋葱和培根意大利面。A. downtown市中心；B. statue雕像；C. facility设施；D. region地区。根据前文“in Rome”和“popular meals”可知，这些美食是罗马这个“地区”的特色。故选D项。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗马不仅有很多高档商店，还有很多我能承受价格的商店。A. crowded拥挤的；B. energetic有活力的；C. fancy高档的、精致的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文“but also plenty of shops that are in my price range”可知，前文指“高档的”商店，二者形成价格对比。故选C项。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是给家人和朋友买礼物的绝佳机会。A. behavior行为；B. opinion观点；C. feature特征；D. opportunity机会。根据前文“plenty of shops that are in my price range”可知，罗马的购物环境为买礼物提供了“绝佳机会”。故选D项。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢参观新地方，尤其是首都城市。A. capital首都；B. high-end高端的；C. unique独特的；D. shocked震惊的。根据前文作者游览罗马（意大利首都），以及后文“because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer.”可知，作者特别喜欢游览“首都”城市。故选A项。 （七） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）It’s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of the habits are not good enough. Here are the two most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period”. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. 6 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 7 or insecurity hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 8 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 9 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 10 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore 2. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. efforts 3. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with 4. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. ideal 5. A. national B. official C. native D. target 6. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Secure D. Memory 7. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter 8. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 9. A. amaze B. inform C. remind D. embarrass 10. A. if B. before C. in case D. unless 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B　5. D　6. B　7. B　8. D　9. D　10. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍语言学习者常见的两大错误：听力不足和不敢开口说，并介绍了解决办法。 (1)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，大多数语言学习技能都是习惯，这些习惯可以通过一些自律和自我意识来养成。A. however然而；不过；B. moreover此外；C. furthermore此外；D. therefore因此。根据前文“It’s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages.”和后文“Most language learning skills ____ are habits”可知，前后内容存在转折关系，however符合语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：以下是语言学习者最常犯的两个错误以及如何纠正它们。A. successes成功；B. wonders奇迹；C. mistakes错误；D. efforts努力。根据下文“how to correct them”可知，此处是指犯错以及如何纠正。 故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一派语言教学专家认为，语言学习始于一个 “沉默期”。A. picks up捡起；学会；B. begins with以……开始；C. takes up占据；开始从事；D. meets with遇到。根据后文“Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds”可知，语言学习是从听沉默期开始的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听力是我们日常生活中最常用的交际技能，但除非你住在国外或参加语言课程，否则练习听力可能很困难。A. efficient高效的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. ideal理想的。根据下文“unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes”可知，没有这些条件的话，练习听力是困难的。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：解决方案是什么？找到目标语言的音乐、播客、电视节目和电影，然后尽可能多地听、听、听。A. national国家的；B. official官方的；C. native本土的；D. target目标的。根据语境，此处指学习者想要学习的那门语言，即“目标语言”，target language 为固定表达。故选D。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐惧。A. Complaints抱怨；B. Fear恐惧；害怕；C. Secure安全的，形容词，不符合语法；D. Memory记忆。根据后文“feelings of ____ or insecurity hinder (阻碍) all their hard work”可知，本段主要讲学习者不敢开口的恐惧心理。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个阶段，语言学习者应该放平心态，而害羞或不安全感会阻碍他们所有的努力。A. humor幽默；B. shyness害羞；C. achievements成就；D. laughter笑声。根据下文“or insecurity”以及“students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it.”可知，此处指害羞的情绪，shyness符合语境。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查固定短语辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或读错单词而感到尴尬。A. confident in对……有信心；B. comfortable with对……感到舒服；C. keen on热衷于；D. afraid of害怕。根据前文“feelings of ____ or insecurity”及下文“making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words”可知，学生害怕犯错，afraid of 符合语境。故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或读错单词而感到尴尬。A. amaze使惊讶；B. inform通知；C. remind提醒；D. embarrass使尴尬。根据上文“making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words”及“saving face is a strong social value”可知，犯错会让他们觉得没面子、感到尴尬。故选D。 (10)题解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意：关键是这些错误能帮助语言学习者了解语言的局限性，并在错误根深蒂固之前纠正它们。A. if如果；B. before在……之前；C. in case以防；D. unless除非。根据下文“they become deep-rooted”可知，要在错误根深蒂固之前纠正。故选B。 （八） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing. Here’s a look at some of the benefits that come with 1 sports and exercise. One of the most obvious benefits of students participating in sports is the improvement in 2 health. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, 3 the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system. Students who are physically active often report having more energy. Another advantage is the 4 impact on mental health. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and 5 which are common issues among students 6 academic pressure. Physical activity releases endorphins, the “feel-good” hormones, which can 7 mood and overall mental well-being. Participating in team sports can also enhance 8 skills. Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership. These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom and later in the 9 world. Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance. Studies have shown that students who exercise 10 tend to have improved concentration, memory, and cognitive function. This can lead to better 11 achievements and a more successful educational experience. Engaging in sports can also help students develop important life skills such as discipline, perseverance, and time management. These traits are essential for setting and achieving 12 , both in sports and in personal aspects of life. 13 , regular physical activity can play a crucial role in building self-confidence and self-esteem. As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance, they gain a sense of 14 that can boost their self-worth. This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives, making them more likely to take on new challenges and pursue their dreams with 15 . 1.A. adapting to B. engaging in C. accounting for D. complaining about 2. A. physical B. mental C. emotional D. financial 3. A. increase B. support C. boost D. reduce 4. A. negative B. ideal C. positive D. short 5. A. anxiety B. happiness C. commitment D. relaxation 6. A. in addition to B. instead of C. due to D. regardless of 7. A. decrease B. improve C. affect D. ignore 8. A. academic B. genuine C. social D. personal 9. A. professional B. amateur C. inexperienced D. fantasy 10. A. rarely B. regularly C. hardly D. immediately 11. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. administrative 12. A. plans B. goals C. skills D. obstacles 13. A. However B. Therefore C. Consequently D. Furthermore 14. A. failure B. security C. accomplishment D. responsibility 15. A. luck B. surprise C. enthusiasm D. balance 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C　5. A　6. C　7. B　8. C　9. A　10. B　11. B　12. B　13. D　14. C　15. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了规律体育活动对学生的益处，包括改善身心健康、提升社交与人生技能、助力学业表现及建立自信等。 (1)题解析： 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：以下为大家介绍参与运动和锻炼所带来的部分益处。A. adapting to适应、适合；B. engaging in参与、从事；C. accounting for解释、说明、占比；D. complaining about抱怨、埋怨。根据上文“Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing.”可知，文章主要讲述了体育活动的好处。由此可知，空处指的是参与运动和锻炼。故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生参与运动最显著的益处之一是身体健康的改善。A. physical身体的、生理的、物理的；B. mental心理的、精神的、智力的；C. emotional情绪的、情感的；D. financial财务的、金融的、经济的。根据下文“Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, ____3____ the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system.”可知，本段讲述的是身体健康方面的改善。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：规律锻炼有助于维持健康体重、降低慢性病风险，并强化心血管系统。A. increase增加、提高；B. support支持、支撑、拥护；C. boost提升、促进、增强；D. reduce减少、降低、缩减。根据空后“the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases”以及上文的“maintain a healthy weight”和下文的“strengthen the cardiovascular system”可推测，规律锻炼的积极作用是降低慢性病风险。故选D。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个优势是对心理健康的积极影响。A. negative消极的、负面的、否定的；B. ideal理想的、完美的、想象的；C. positive积极的、正面的、肯定的；D. short短暂的、短的、短缺的。根据下文“Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and ____5____ which are common issues among students ____6____ academic pressure.”可知，本段讲述的是运动对心理健康的影响是积极的。故选C。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，锻炼能减轻压力和焦虑——这些都是学生因学业压力而面临的常见问题。A. anxiety焦虑、忧虑、不安；B. happiness幸福、快乐、愉悦；C. commitment承诺、投入、奉献；D. relaxation放松、休闲、缓和。根据空后“which are common issues among students”以及上文的“stress”可推测，压力和焦虑是学生常见的心理问题。故选A。 (6)题解析： 考查短语词义辨析。句意：事实证明，锻炼能减轻压力和焦虑——这些都是学生因学业压力而面临的常见问题。A. in addition to除……之外（还）；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. due to由于、因为；D. regardless of不管、不顾、无论。根据空后“academic pressure”可推测，空后是压力和焦虑的原因。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育活动会释放内啡肽，这种“快乐荷尔蒙”能改善情绪，提升整体心理健康水平。A. decrease减少、降低；B. improve改善、提高、改进；C. affect影响、打动；D. ignore忽视、忽略、不理睬。根据上文“Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and ____5____ which are common issues among students ____6____ academic pressure.”可推测，体育活动能改善情绪。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与团队运动还能提升社交技能。A. academic学术的、学业的、教学的；B. genuine真诚的、真实的、真正的；C. social社交的、社会的；D. personal个人的、私人的、亲自的。根据下文“Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership.”可知，这些都是社交技能。故选C。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些技能不仅在赛场上极具价值，在课堂上以及未来的职场中也同样实用。A. professional职业的、专业的、专业人士的；B. amateur业余的、爱好者的；C. inexperienced无经验的、不熟练的；D. fantasy幻想的、虚构的、想象的。根据上文“These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom”以及空前的“later”可推测，前文提到这些技能在赛场和课堂上有价值，而以后自然指的是未来的职业领域。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，规律锻炼的学生往往注意力、记忆力和认知功能都会有所提升。A. rarely很少、罕见地、难得地；B. regularly定期地、规律地、经常；C. hardly几乎不、简直不；D. immediately立即、马上、立刻。根据上文“Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing.”可知，此处指的是规律锻炼的学生。故选B。 (11)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于他们取得更优异的学业成绩，拥有更成功的求学经历。A. athletic运动的、体育的、健壮的；B. academic学术的、学业的、理论的；C. artistic艺术的、有艺术天赋的；D. administrative行政的、管理的、行政事务的。根据上文“Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance.”以及常识可知，提升注意力、记忆力和认知功能会带来更好的学业成就。故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些品质对于在运动领域和个人生活中设定并实现目标至关重要。A. plans计划、方案、打算；B. goals目标、目的、球门；C. skills技能、技巧、本领；D. obstacles障碍、阻碍、妨碍物。根据空前的“setting and achieving”以及常识可知，自律、毅力和时间管理是实现目标的关键品质。故选B。 (13)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，规律的体育活动在建立自信心和自尊心方面也发挥着关键作用。A. However然而、可是、无论如何；B. Therefore因此、所以、因而；C. Consequently因此、结果、所以；D. Furthermore此外、而且、再者。上文已列举运动在身体健康、心理健康、社交技能、学业表现、人生技能等方面的益处。因此，此处的“建立自信和自尊”是额外的益处，表递进关系。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当学生掌握新技能并看到自己的表现有所进步时，会产生一种成就感，这种感觉能提升他们的自我价值感。A. failure失败、不及格、失败者；B. security安全、保障、安全感；C. accomplishment成就、完成、功绩；D. responsibility责任、职责、义务。根据上文“As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance”可知，学生掌握新技能、看到自身进步时，会获得成就感，这能提升自我价值感。故选C。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种增强的自信心会延伸到生活的其他领域，让他们更愿意迎接新的挑战，以饱满的热情追求自己的梦想。A. luck运气、幸运、好运；B. surprise惊喜、惊讶、意外；C. enthusiasm热情、热忱、热衷的事物；D. balance平衡、均衡、天平。根据上文“This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives”可知，增强的自信会让学生更愿意以热情迎接新挑战、追求梦想。故选C。 （九） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies? 2 perhaps you are interested in the 3 , films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 4 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practise under the guidance of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 7 lives and learning language takes time. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 8 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming 9 in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 10 ,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any age. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 11 about the mistakes they make when 12 . Well, relax and laugh about your 13 and you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 14 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 15 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in their own language. Good luck 1. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 2. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 3. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 4. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database 5. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 6. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 7. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal 8. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 9. A. bored B. fluent C. interested D. devoted 10. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 11. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 12. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning 13. A. progress B. mistakes C. cleverness D. clumsiness 14. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 15. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. C　6. D　7. A　8. C　9. B　10. A　11. A　12. D　13. B　14. D　15. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍学习新语言前需明确动机，推荐传统课程等学习方式，解答年龄、犯错等常见顾虑，鼓励人们通过努力坚持取得进步。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你是否因为实际原因需要它，比如工作或学习？A. technical技术的；B. political政治的；C. practical实际的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“such as your job or your studies”可知，工作、学习属于“实际”应用场景，是学习语言的实际需求。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. After在……之后；B. So因此；C. Though尽管；D. Or或者。根据前文“Do you need it for a ___1___ reason, such as your job or your studies?”可知，此处提出“工作或学习”的实际动机，结合后文“perhaps you are interested in the ___3___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a ___4___ of the language.”可知，此处介绍“对他国电影或音乐感兴趣”的动机，两者为选择关系，“Or”符合逻辑。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. literature文学；B. transport交通；C. agriculture农业；D. medicine医学。根据后文“films or the music”可知，此处列举的是文化相关领域，“literature”与电影、音乐并列，符合文化范畴。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. view观点；B. knowledge知识、掌握；C. form形式；D. database数据库。根据前文“___2___ perhaps you are interested in the ___3___, films or the music of a different country”可知，对他国文化感兴趣时，“掌握”这门语言能更好地理解相关内容，have a knowledge of为固定搭配，意为“掌握、了解”。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人通过多种方法学习效果最好，但传统课程对很多人来说是理想的起点。A. paintings绘画；B. regulations规则；C. methods方法；D. computers电脑。根据后文“but traditional classes are an ideal start fo$