专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高三英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （24-25高三上·辽宁沈文新研究联盟-10月·期中）In the quest to understand and compare the educational paradigms shaping the minds of future generations, researchers have delved into the intricate dynamics of Chinese and Western pedagogical approaches. Today, the discourse on education systems is often framed by ideological debates and cultural perspectives. Yet, a new comprehensive study aims to dissect these systems beyond surface-level observations, exploring the underlying philosophies and their impact on students. “With the proliferation of educational theories, it is crucial for us to examine the core principles that drive different educational systems,” said Dr. Li Wei, lead author of the study and a professor of comparative education at the University of Beijing. “These systems now influence the lives of millions of students worldwide, and as we increasingly rely on them to shape the minds of our youth, I wanted to know: How do they compare?” Using a diverse set of educational case studies and outcomes from various countries, Dr. Li and her team scrutinized the effectiveness and philosophical underpinnings of Chinese and Western education systems. “We were particularly interested in identifying the factors that contribute to the distinct characteristics of each system, such as the emphasis on rote learning in some cultures versus the focus on critical thinking in others,” said Dr. Li. Their study revealed that the educational outcomes are not solely determined by the amount of content covered but also by the pedagogical approach. Moreover, these systems are biased towards certain types of learners and intellectual development. This is expected since the educational systems are often a reflection of the cultural values and societal expectations of the regions they serve. What can we learn from the comparative analysis of these educational systems? “A great deal,” Dr. Li explained. “Educational policymakers can use our study to inform the development of curricula that balance the need for knowledge retention with the cultivation of critical thinking skills. To improve the adaptability of educational systems, we can also encourage the incorporation of diverse teaching methods that cater to a range of learning styles.” 1.What do we know about the current state of educational records and observations? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly based on theoretical models. C. They are limited in scope. D. They are used for comparative analysis. 2.What does Dr. Li’s study focus on? A. Teaching methodologies. B. Educational infrastructure. C. Observational data. D. Student performance metrics. 3.What has led to the differences between the Chinese and Western education systems according to the study? A. Cultural and historical factors. B. Technological advancements. C. Economic disparities. D. Government policies. 4.What is Dr. Li’s suggestion for improving educational systems? A. Integrate more technology into classrooms. B. Standardize curriculums across different regions. C. Provide guidance to educators on diverse teaching methods. D. Focus on a single pedagogical approach for all subjects. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。探讨了中西方教育模式的异同，以及它们对学生的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“These systems now influence the lives of millions of students worldwide, and as we increasingly rely on them to shape the minds of our youth, I wanted to know: How do they compare?”（“这些系统现在影响着全世界数百万学生的生活，随着我们越来越依赖它们来塑造年轻人的思想，我想知道：它们相比之下如何？”）可知，教育系统现在影响着全世界数百万学生的生活，这限制了教育记录和观察的范围。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Using a diverse set of educational case studies and outcomes from various countries, Dr. Li and her team scrutinized the effectiveness and philosophical underpinnings of Chinese and Western education systems.”（李和她的团队使用了来自不同国家的一系列不同的教育案例研究和成果，仔细研究了中国和西方教育体系的有效性和哲学基础。） 可知，李博士的研究专注于教学方法的有效性和哲学基础。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Their study revealed that the educational outcomes are not solely determined by the amount of content covered but also by the pedagogical approach. Moreover, these systems are biased towards certain types of learners and intellectual development. This is expected since the educational systems are often a reflection of the cultural values and societal expectations of the regions they serve.”（他们的研究表明，教育成果不仅取决于所涵盖内容的数量，还取决于教学方法。此外，这些系统偏向于某些类型的学习者和智力发展。这是预料之中的，因为教育制度往往反映了其所服务地区的文化价值和社会期望。） 可知，教育成果不仅由涵盖的内容量决定，还由教学方法决定，这表明中西方教育系统的差异部分是由文化和历史因素造成的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To improve the adaptability of educational systems, we can also encourage the incorporation of diverse teaching methods that cater to a range of learning styles.”（为了提高教育系统的适应性，我们还可以鼓励采用多样化的教学方法，以适应不同的学习风格。） 可知，李博士建议为教育工作者提供不同教学方法的指导。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）When I was younger, I used to spring out of bed. Now, it’s more like a slow heave — my knees and hips protesting as I release a middle-aged groan. But I’ve gotten some relief by stretching for five minutes each morning. I picked this tip up from Dr. Gbolahan, a spine surgeon in New York. He told me that he’d been doing this every morning to keep his joints and muscles soft and sharp. Now I do the same. Regular movement is critical for joint health, Dr. Okubadejo said. Our hip, shoulder, knee and elbow joints are called synovial joints (滑膜关节); they contain fluid that helps nourish the cartilage by preventing wear while the joint is in motion. Movement helps circulate the fluid and oil those joints, preventing stiffness and discomfort, said Dean Padavan, associate program director of Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship. In addition to regular stretching, Dr. Okubadejo recommends 150 minutes a week of moderate to vigorous exercise. That could be gentler, joint-friendly activities such as Yoga, Pilates and Tai Chi, or something more intense, like swimming laps. And with the exception of swimming, “exercises where your feet are planted are better for your joints,” said Anna Noel Miller, chair of orthopedics at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She suggests bicycling rather than exercises like running. Numerous companies sell supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin that they claim can improve joint health, and people are snapping them up. The National Institutes of Health estimates that 6.5 million adults have used one or both of these products. The research, however, is mixed on whether supplements actually help with stiffness and pain. 1.Which approach did the author adopt to make his joints flexible? A. Taking joint supplements every day. B. Doing five minutes of morning stretching. C. Running for five minutes every morning. D. Riding a bicycle on a regular basis. 2.How effective are joint health supplements in practice? A. They are effective for all adults. B. Research has proved they are useless. C. Their effects are not yet confirmed. D. All doctors strongly recommend them. 3.What can be the suitable title for the text? A. Who Should Protect Their Joints. B. Why Joint Health Is Important. C. Whether to Take Joint Supplements. D. How to Ensure Joints Function Well. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了作者通过每天早上五分钟拉伸来保持关节灵活性的个人经历，并引用了多位医生关于关节健康的专业建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“But I’ve gotten some relief by stretching for five minutes each morning.(但通过每天早上拉伸五分钟，我得到了一些缓解。)”可知，作者通过每天早上做五分钟的拉伸来使关节灵活。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The research, however, is mixed on whether supplements actually help with stiffness and pain.(然而，关于补充剂是否真的有助于缓解僵硬和疼痛，研究结果却褒贬不一。)”可知，关节健康补充剂的效果尚未得到证实。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章首先通过作者的个人经历引出关节健康的话题，接着引用了多位医生关于保持关节健康的专业建议，包括定期运动、选择合适的运动方式以及关于关节健康补充剂的效果的不确定性，由此可知，文章主要讨论的是如何确保关节功能良好。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·辽宁朝阳·期中）Families are very important for everyone as well as friends. Some can get on with members of their families but not with friends. Others are just opposite. Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends. Destiny Jenna 11 years old, Cowage I get on with members of my family after a quarrel but when we are actually quarrelling it’s different, although it doesn’t often happen. I get on with all of them really. I think that it depends on what they have done for me. I class some of my family as friends as well as relatives. If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them. I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they? Caroline Kylie, 10 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family. I think you have to get on with them even though they might quarrel, because you love them. I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well. I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family. Michelle Juan, 12 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family, although I feel as if I have to when we argue. I argue with my mum quite often and she goes into a bad mood. I get on with all of them but sometimes they can be nasty and make arguments. I class my family as friends as well, although I have sometimes thought of a friend better than my family. 1.Who will choose a friend when she is unhappy? A. Destiny B. Caroline C. Michelle D. Michelle’s mother 2.Who hold the opinion that friends can be chosen but families can’t? A. Destiny B. Michelle C. Both Michelle and Caroline D. Both Destiny and Caroline 3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Destiny doesn’t often argue with her family members. B. Caroline sometimes quarrels with her relatives. C. Michelle makes her mother unhappy because she quarrels with her. D. Michelle’s family members sometimes say nasty things and she quarrels with them. 4.Caroline thinks her friends are as important as her family members because ________. A. her family is a friendly one. B. her family members never argue with each other. C. she classes her family as friends as well. D. her mother is always in a good mood. 5.The passage is about ________. A. family members B. how to get on with friends C. how to get on with family members D. opinions of family and friends 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 文章主要介绍三名青少年对于家人与朋友之间关系的不同看法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them.(如果我和家里某个人闹得不开心，相比家人，我可能会选择去找朋友。)”可知，Destiny心情不好时会选择朋友。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they?(我认同这句话：你可以选择朋友，却无法选择家人，家人与生俱来，而朋友不是。)”以及第三段中的“I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family.(我从不和亲戚争吵，但是我认为“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个说法是正确的。)”可知，Destiny和Caroline都认同“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个观点。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family.(我从不和亲戚争吵，但是我认为“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个说法是正确的。)”可知，Caroline从不和亲戚争吵，B选项“Caroline有时和亲人吵架”表述错误。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well.(我从来不认为朋友比家人更好，因为我也把家人视作朋友。)”可知，Caroline认为朋友和家人同等重要，原因是她将家人也看作朋友。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends.(请看下面青少年的发言，了解他们对于家人和朋友的不同看法。)”并结合下文对每个人看法的介绍可知，文章围绕青少年对于家人与朋友的观点展开。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Ever the innovator to entertain its customers, this Masschetusettes cafe recently came up with a novel attraction for its customers. “Walk in and give us your BEST dance moves for 5 seconds,” reads a sign displayed on the entrance door. If you do so, you can get a cup of coffee for free. The unexpected dance venue? Coffee Milano, which serves the most delicious coffee, drinks, breakfast and lunch all day long, seven days a week. The response to Coffee Milano’s promotion was electric, with multiple customers eager to show off their best dance moves. “It was fun, energetic and smiley,” says Joshua Rashid, the cafe owner of the small family-owned business. “Funny dances can really improve customers’ mood.” It’s no secret that acting happy, moving and music can get you feeling better, even if it’s a bit unnatural at first. Brainly, a knowledge-sharing community, discusses the so-called “Facial feedback effect”. This is documented in studies showing that forcing a smile can still boost mood and happiness levels. This is likely because when people smile, their brains release something that helps to reduce stress. On November 23, 2024, a video of the dancing customers became a hit online, amassing an astonishing 7.6 million views online since it was posted. “We just thought it was going to be a small thing for the people that come in every day,” admits Oliver Svensen, social media director at Coffee Milano. She says the huge success of the campaign is due to the vicarious (间接感受到的) pleasure of seeing people feeling happy and expressing themselves, rather than the free drink alone. “I am still processing this. I didn’t realize the power of the Internet,” says Rashid. “More customers are coming in and dancing.” He plans to make this joyful event a monthly fixture. “It was amazing and fun. The customers kept asking when the next one would be!” he says. 1.The sign at the entrance can be replaced by “______”. A. Free coffee is just a dance away! B. Who will be the best dancer? C. Smile for a cup of free coffee! D. Would you like to drink coffee? 2.What is the function of paragraph 4? A. To offer some advice. B. To support a claim. C. To introduce a new topic. D. To doubt a common belief. 3.What does Oliver Svensen mention about the campaign? A. The social purposes of launching it. B. The efforts to boost it on social media. C. The factors contributing to its success. D. The practical approaches to expanding it. 4.What can be known about Rashid? A. He is astonished at the popularity of the campaign. B. He plans to come up with more similar joyful events. C. He initially had little confidence in the taste of coffee. D. He first got the idea from a discussion on the Internet. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Coffee Milano通过让顾客跳舞换取免费咖啡的活动，意外在网络上走红，带来了大量关注和快乐。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段““Walk in and give us your BEST dance moves for 5 seconds,” reads a sign displayed on the entrance door. If you do so, you can get a cup of coffee for free.(“走进来，给我们你最好的舞蹈5秒钟”，入口门上的一块牌子上写着。如果你这样做，你可以免费得到一杯咖啡)”可推断，如果跳舞5秒钟，就可以得到免费的咖啡，故A项“Free coffee is just a dance away!(跳舞即可获得免费咖啡)”可以替换入口处的标语。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Funny dances can really improve customers’ mood.(有趣的舞蹈真的可以改善顾客的情绪)”及第四段“It’s no secret that acting happy, moving and music can get you feeling better, even if it’s a bit unnatural at first. Brainly, a knowledge-sharing community, discusses the so-called “Facial feedback effect”. This is documented in studies showing that forcing a smile can still boost mood and happiness levels. This is likely because when people smile, their brains release something that helps to reduce stress.(表现开心、运动和听音乐能让人感觉更好不是秘密，即便一开始这样做会有点不自然。知识分享社区Brainly讨论了所谓的“面部反馈效应”。相关研究记录表明，强颜欢笑依然能够提升情绪和幸福感。这很可能是因为当人们微笑时，他们的大脑会释放出某种有助于减轻压力的物质)”可知，第四段是通过理论和研究来支持第三段中有趣的舞蹈能改善情绪这一观点，故其功能是支持一个主张。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She says the huge success of the campaign is due to the vicarious pleasure of seeing people feeling happy and expressing themselves, rather than the free drink alone.(Oliver Svensen 说活动的巨大成功是因为看到人们开心和自我表达所带来的间接愉悦感，而不仅仅是免费饮品)”可知，Oliver Svensen谈及了这个活动成功的原因。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I am still processing this. I didn’t realize the power of the Internet,” says Rashid. “More customers are coming in and dancing.”(“我还在消化这一切。我之前并没有意识到互联网的力量，”Rashid说。“越来越多的顾客进来跳舞”)”及““It was amazing and fun. The customers kept asking when the next one would be!” he says.(他说：“这太不可思议了，而且很有趣。顾客们一直追问下一次活动是什么时候！”)”可推断，Rashid对活动的受欢迎程度感到惊讶。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures. Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge? In Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, local officials believe so. That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water, climb, sword-fight with sticks, wrestle and fall. “The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.” Taking risks is children’s nature. Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand. Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools. “Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.” While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds, it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play. That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17-second rule. So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast, take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do. “This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play. 1.What are the current playgrounds like? A. They are challenging for kids. B. They are basically free of risks. C. They are full of funny elements. D. They are tailored to risk-takers’ nature. 2.Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play? A. To motivate children to become more active. B. To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe. C. To train potential champions in the sports field. D. To inspire children to invent smarter devices. 3.What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5? A. Requirements for tackling risks. B. Features of predictable risks. C. Ways to engage in risky play. D. Benefits risky play can bring. 4.What does Brussoni advise parents to do? A. Stop observing their adventurous kids. B. Act as a role model for less brave kids. C. Allow their kids to explore their potential. D. Prevent their kids from doing risky sports. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是如今的儿童游玩场地几乎没有任何冒险设施。这样的游乐场地真的适合孩子们吗？是否应该恢复冒险游戏？ (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures.(操场变得更加安全。这里有柔软的地面可供玩耍，所有危险的游乐设备，比如让孩子们高速上下的高金属滑梯，都被更安全的塑料秋千和攀爬结构所取代。)”以及第二段“Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge?(移除风险是否也会移除乐趣和挑战？)”可知，目前的儿童游玩场地基本没有危险设施。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段““The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.”(“孩子们几乎不动，这是一个大问题。”其中一名官员Rob Hofland表示，“他们会被更吸引人的屏幕所吸引，一坐就是几个小时。我们正在了解到，荷兰人——欧洲的卫冕冠军——如此不活跃是多么不健康。事情需要改变，而且要从年轻的时候开始。”)”可知，Rob Hofland提到，孩子们现在大多更喜爱看电子产品，这导致他们很少运动，健康状况堪忧，因此他认为需要改变现状。由此可推断，他想要恢复冒险游戏是想鼓励孩子们多运动。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段““Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.”(“冒险游戏确实是孩子们了解世界的一种基本方式，”不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Mariana Brussoni说。“参与冒险游戏有助于他们培养自信、适应力、执行能力和风险评估能力。”)”可知，在第五段Brussoni主要强调冒险游戏的益处。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play.(Brussoni说：“这将为你的孩子提供一个机会，让他们自己弄清楚什么是舒适的，他们可以做什么。”他补充说，你能做的最重要的事情就是让开，让孩子们去玩。)”可推断，Brussoni建议父母允许孩子探索他们的潜能。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （24-25高三上·辽宁联合体·期中）Forests have been embraced as a natural climate solution, due to their ability to soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow, locking it up in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots. But a new study confirms widespread doubts about the potential for most forests in the Western US to help control climate change. Published in Earth’s Future, the paper analyzed trends in carbon storage across the American West from 2005 to 2019. Led by Jazlynn Hall, a forest and landscape ecologist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, the team found that throughout most of the region, climate change and fires may be causing forests to store less carbon, not more. “There’s a growing trend to use forests as natural climate solutions,” said Hall. “Many climate mitigation (减轻) pathways rely in part on additional forest carbon storage to keep warming below 1.5℃ this century. We wanted to provide a baseline for how much carbon is currently stored in Western forests, how it’s changing, and how disturbances like fire and drought pose a threat to climate mitigation targets.” The authors warn that many Western forests could see a rapid acceleration of carbon loss in the coming years or decades. “These challenges have the potential to compromise carbon storage capacity and weaken our ability to mitigate climate change, Hah cautions. By providing a fire-new view of threats at landscape and regional levels, Hall and colleagues provide a framework (框架) that could help forest managers adapt site-specific strategies to strengthen forest resilience (复原力). They also identify the remaining areas with the lowest risk and highest potential to store carbon, such as the Pacific Northwest. “Our study develops new methods to carefully estimate forest-carbon storage at a regional level, track it over time, and find out the causes of changes over time,” said Hall. He expects the methods will be useful in monitoring carbon storage levels going forward, as well as assessing the carbon impacts of management efforts such as forest thinning and planned burning. 1.What does the underlined phrase “soak up” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Put down. B. Take in. C. Bring up. D. Give out. 2.Why was the study conducted? A. To find the best forests for carbon storage. B. To promote forests’ carbon storage capacity. C. To assess the current situation of forests. D. To measure the carbon released into forests. 3.What can we say about the future trend of Western forests? A. Carbon loss will speed up. B. They will become more resilient. C. They will store more carbon. D. They will have no impact on climate. 4.What is the primary function of Hall’s framework for forest management? A. Predicting future forest growth rates. B. Identifying high- risk areas for protection. C. Mapping all the forests in the Western US. D. Helping managers adapt strategies to forests. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了一项新的科学研究，内容关于美国西部森林的碳储存能力及其与气候变化的关系。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据后文“locking it up in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots.(并将其锁在树干、树枝、树叶和树根中。)”可推知，应是从大气中吸收二氧化碳，才能将其锁在树干、树枝、树叶和树根中，所以soak up应是“吸收”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段““There’s a growing trend to use forests as natural climate solutions,” said Hall. “Many climate mitigation (减轻) pathways rely in part on additional forest carbon storage to keep warming below 1.5℃ this century. We wanted to provide a baseline for how much carbon is currently stored in Western forests, how it’s changing, and how disturbances like fire and drought pose a threat to climate mitigation targets.”(霍尔说：“利用森林作为自然气候解决方案的趋势越来越大。”“许多减缓气候变化的途径在一定程度上依赖于额外的森林碳储量，以将本世纪的气温保持在1.5℃以下。我们希望提供一个基线，了解目前西部森林中储存了多少碳，它是如何变化的，以及火灾和干旱等干扰如何对气候减缓目标构成威胁。”)”可知，进行这项研究是为了评估森林的现状。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The authors warn that many Western forests could see a rapid acceleration of carbon loss in the coming years or decades.(作者警告说，在未来几年或几十年里，许多西部森林的碳损失可能会迅速加速。)”可知，西部森林的未来趋势是碳的流失将会加速。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题，根据倒数第二段“By providing a fire-new view of threats at landscape and regional levels, Hall and colleagues provide a framework (框架) that could help forest managers adapt site-specific strategies to strengthen forest resilience (复原力).(通过对景观和区域层面的威胁提供全新的看法，Hall及其同事提供了一个框架，可以帮助森林管理者适应特定地点的战略，以加强森林的恢复力。)”可知，霍尔森林管理框架的主要功能是帮助管理者调整战略以适应森林环境。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （24-25高三上·辽宁名校联盟-11月·期中）An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication. Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24 buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation. Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects. As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow. 1.Why do doctors often recommend day centers to Alzheimer’s disease patients? A. To make them calm down. B. To keep their minds active. C. To help them make more friends. D. To prevent them developing other diseases. 2.What do we know about Glenner Town Square? A. It is a facility for caregivers to take a rest. B. It is an ancient town for patients to live in. C. It is intended to refresh the patients’ memories. D. It is inspired by the design of several other facilities. 3.Which of the following best describes the project? A. Safe. B. Flexible. C. Challenging. D. Promising. 4.What does the last paragraph indicate? A. Judy Garland and Jennifer Lawrence were famous administrators. B. Memories concerning the earlier key moments are easier to recall. C. Memories of all life stages can equally be applied in the treatment. D. Alzheimer’s disease patients can have memories of 20 years at most. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是针对老年痴呆症患者（包括阿尔茨海默病患者和其他形式的痴呆症患者）的一种新型日间护理设施——Glenner Town Square的创建及其背后的回忆疗法。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication.(为了让这些病人保持精神状态，让家里的护理人员休息一下，医生通常会把他们转到日间中心，在那里他们可以锻炼、参加活动，并接受专业指导或药物治疗。)”可知，医生经常向阿尔茨海默病患者推荐日间中心是为了让他们的思维保持活跃。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation.(希望用视觉来提醒他们的年轻，从而激发他们的回忆和对话。)”可知，Glenner Town Square是为了唤起病人的记忆。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects.(虽然这个项目很新颖，但它所反映的方法——被称为回忆疗法——在临床实践中很常见。通过使用各种各样的提醒，如照片和音乐，辅导员——包括Glenner工作人员——帮助痴呆症患者回忆几十年前的事情。研究发现，这种疗法可以改善认知功能和生活质量；像Glenner Town Square这样的完全沉浸式环境可以增强这些效果。)”可知，这个项目是很有前途的，故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest.(随着痴呆症的发展，童年和成年早期的记忆往往持续的时间最长。)”，“Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life(高中毕业、大学毕业、第一份工作、结婚，也许还有孩子——这些都是人生中典型的里程碑)”和“That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.(这20年似乎是记忆力最强的时期。)”可知，最后一段说明了关于早期关键时刻的记忆更容易被回忆起来。故选B。 主题语境01 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 1.What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A. benefits. B. limitations. C. forms. D. controversies. 2.Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A. Pride can encourage people to work harder. B. Pride can make people value social recognition. C. Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D. Pride can help people better control their emotions. 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. To offer a solution to hubris. B. To describe specific behavior of hubris. C. To explain the motivation behind hubris. D. To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 4.Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A. Trying to win other people’s admiration. B. Lowering expectations for achievements. C. Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D. Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了自豪感的积极和消极影响，心理学家Jessica Tracy认为自豪感有其益处，但过度则会导致傲慢，并给出了避免自豪感滑向傲慢的建议。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. (心理学家Jessica Tracy认为，自豪感能带来许多boons。她认为，自豪感和其他人类情感一样，是我们进化遗产的一部分，它激励我们成为最好的人，从而帮助我们在合作社会中生存和发展。)”可知，自豪感激励我们成为最好的人，有助于我们在社会中生存和发展，由此可推知，自豪感能带来许多益处，故划线词boons意思为“益处”，与benefits同义。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. (自豪感让我们感觉良好，这是我们行为符合社会价值观的一种表现。Tracy认为，那些经常感到自豪的人往往“外向、友好、和蔼、冷静和诚实”，并且“通常以社区为导向，这意味着他们非常重视自己的关系和友谊”。这样，拥有自豪感会让人们想要获得社区的认可和尊重。)”可知，自豪感能让我们行为符合社会价值观，让我们重视关系和友谊，从而想要获得认可和尊重，即自豪感能让我们重视社会认可，从而有助于我们培养良好的道德品质。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. (傲慢是一种没有根据而被错误地假设的自豪感，目的是为了驱除内心的不安全感。如果个人夸大自己的重要性，把别人的成就归功于自己，欺负别人，或者对任何质疑他们的人采取攻击行为，这都是自豪感变成傲慢的迹象。)”可知，第三段主要描述了傲慢的具体行为表现，如夸大自己的重要性、把别人的成就归功于自己、欺负别人、对质疑者采取攻击行为等。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. (但如果你开始觉得有必要达到别人的期望，并通过欺骗来赢得他们的赞赏，那么你很可能正在走向傲慢)”和最后一段“To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” (为了避免自豪感滑向傲慢，Tracy警告人们不要因为对成就的积极评价而冲昏头脑。Tracy说：“当我们开始获得收益时——无论是地位的提高、名声还是财富——我们很容易忘记这些结果是努力成为一个好人的间接后果。我们应该时刻提醒自己，这些成就不是我们的主要目标”)”可知，把外部奖励当作最终追求，即为了获得别人的赞赏和外部奖励而努力，可能会导致自豪感变成傲慢。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.C 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C5.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B 112 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 拓展培优 主题语境01人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.D 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 212 专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （24-25高三上·辽宁沈文新研究联盟-10月·期中）In the quest to understand and compare the educational paradigms shaping the minds of future generations, researchers have delved into the intricate dynamics of Chinese and Western pedagogical approaches. Today, the discourse on education systems is often framed by ideological debates and cultural perspectives. Yet, a new comprehensive study aims to dissect these systems beyond surface-level observations, exploring the underlying philosophies and their impact on students. “With the proliferation of educational theories, it is crucial for us to examine the core principles that drive different educational systems,” said Dr. Li Wei, lead author of the study and a professor of comparative education at the University of Beijing. “These systems now influence the lives of millions of students worldwide, and as we increasingly rely on them to shape the minds of our youth, I wanted to know: How do they compare?” Using a diverse set of educational case studies and outcomes from various countries, Dr. Li and her team scrutinized the effectiveness and philosophical underpinnings of Chinese and Western education systems. “We were particularly interested in identifying the factors that contribute to the distinct characteristics of each system, such as the emphasis on rote learning in some cultures versus the focus on critical thinking in others,” said Dr. Li. Their study revealed that the educational outcomes are not solely determined by the amount of content covered but also by the pedagogical approach. Moreover, these systems are biased towards certain types of learners and intellectual development. This is expected since the educational systems are often a reflection of the cultural values and societal expectations of the regions they serve. What can we learn from the comparative analysis of these educational systems? “A great deal,” Dr. Li explained. “Educational policymakers can use our study to inform the development of curricula that balance the need for knowledge retention with the cultivation of critical thinking skills. To improve the adaptability of educational systems, we can also encourage the incorporation of diverse teaching methods that cater to a range of learning styles.” 1.What do we know about the current state of educational records and observations? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly based on theoretical models. C. They are limited in scope. D. They are used for comparative analysis. 2.What does Dr. Li’s study focus on? A. Teaching methodologies. B. Educational infrastructure. C. Observational data. D. Student performance metrics. 3.What has led to the differences between the Chinese and Western education systems according to the study? A. Cultural and historical factors. B. Technological advancements. C. Economic disparities. D. Government policies. 4.What is Dr. Li’s suggestion for improving educational systems? A. Integrate more technology into classrooms. B. Standardize curriculums across different regions. C. Provide guidance to educators on diverse teaching methods. D. Focus on a single pedagogical approach for all subjects. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）When I was younger, I used to spring out of bed. Now, it’s more like a slow heave — my knees and hips protesting as I release a middle-aged groan. But I’ve gotten some relief by stretching for five minutes each morning. I picked this tip up from Dr. Gbolahan, a spine surgeon in New York. He told me that he’d been doing this every morning to keep his joints and muscles soft and sharp. Now I do the same. Regular movement is critical for joint health, Dr. Okubadejo said. Our hip, shoulder, knee and elbow joints are called synovial joints (滑膜关节); they contain fluid that helps nourish the cartilage by preventing wear while the joint is in motion. Movement helps circulate the fluid and oil those joints, preventing stiffness and discomfort, said Dean Padavan, associate program director of Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship. In addition to regular stretching, Dr. Okubadejo recommends 150 minutes a week of moderate to vigorous exercise. That could be gentler, joint-friendly activities such as Yoga, Pilates and Tai Chi, or something more intense, like swimming laps. And with the exception of swimming, “exercises where your feet are planted are better for your joints,” said Anna Noel Miller, chair of orthopedics at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She suggests bicycling rather than exercises like running. Numerous companies sell supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin that they claim can improve joint health, and people are snapping them up. The National Institutes of Health estimates that 6.5 million adults have used one or both of these products. The research, however, is mixed on whether supplements actually help with stiffness and pain. 1.Which approach did the author adopt to make his joints flexible? A. Taking joint supplements every day. B. Doing five minutes of morning stretching. C. Running for five minutes every morning. D. Riding a bicycle on a regular basis. 2.How effective are joint health supplements in practice? A. They are effective for all adults. B. Research has proved they are useless. C. Their effects are not yet confirmed. D. All doctors strongly recommend them. 3.What can be the suitable title for the text? A. Who Should Protect Their Joints. B. Why Joint Health Is Important. C. Whether to Take Joint Supplements. D. How to Ensure Joints Function Well. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·辽宁朝阳·期中）Families are very important for everyone as well as friends. Some can get on with members of their families but not with friends. Others are just opposite. Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends. Destiny Jenna 11 years old, Cowage I get on with members of my family after a quarrel but when we are actually quarrelling it’s different, although it doesn’t often happen. I get on with all of them really. I think that it depends on what they have done for me. I class some of my family as friends as well as relatives. If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them. I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they? Caroline Kylie, 10 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family. I think you have to get on with them even though they might quarrel, because you love them. I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well. I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family. Michelle Juan, 12 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family, although I feel as if I have to when we argue. I argue with my mum quite often and she goes into a bad mood. I get on with all of them but sometimes they can be nasty and make arguments. I class my family as friends as well, although I have sometimes thought of a friend better than my family. 1.Who will choose a friend when she is unhappy? A. Destiny B. Caroline C. Michelle D. Michelle’s mother 2.Who hold the opinion that friends can be chosen but families can’t? A. Destiny B. Michelle C. Both Michelle and Caroline D. Both Destiny and Caroline 3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Destiny doesn’t often argue with her family members. B. Caroline sometimes quarrels with her relatives. C. Michelle makes her mother unhappy because she quarrels with her. D. Michelle’s family members sometimes say nasty things and she quarrels with them. 4.Caroline thinks her friends are as important as her family members because ________. A. her family is a friendly one. B. her family members never argue with each other. C. she classes her family as friends as well. D. her mother is always in a good mood. 5.The passage is about ________. A. family members B. how to get on with friends C. how to get on with family members D. opinions of family and friends 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Ever the innovator to entertain its customers, this Masschetusettes cafe recently came up with a novel attraction for its customers. “Walk in and give us your BEST dance moves for 5 seconds,” reads a sign displayed on the entrance door. If you do so, you can get a cup of coffee for free. The unexpected dance venue? Coffee Milano, which serves the most delicious coffee, drinks, breakfast and lunch all day long, seven days a week. The response to Coffee Milano’s promotion was electric, with multiple customers eager to show off their best dance moves. “It was fun, energetic and smiley,” says Joshua Rashid, the cafe owner of the small family-owned business. “Funny dances can really improve customers’ mood.” It’s no secret that acting happy, moving and music can get you feeling better, even if it’s a bit unnatural at first. Brainly, a knowledge-sharing community, discusses the so-called “Facial feedback effect”. This is documented in studies showing that forcing a smile can still boost mood and happiness levels. This is likely because when people smile, their brains release something that helps to reduce stress. On November 23, 2024, a video of the dancing customers became a hit online, amassing an astonishing 7.6 million views online since it was posted. “We just thought it was going to be a small thing for the people that come in every day,” admits Oliver Svensen, social media director at Coffee Milano. She says the huge success of the campaign is due to the vicarious (间接感受到的) pleasure of seeing people feeling happy and expressing themselves, rather than the free drink alone. “I am still processing this. I didn’t realize the power of the Internet,” says Rashid. “More customers are coming in and dancing.” He plans to make this joyful event a monthly fixture. “It was amazing and fun. The customers kept asking when the next one would be!” he says. 1.The sign at the entrance can be replaced by “______”. A. Free coffee is just a dance away! B. Who will be the best dancer? C. Smile for a cup of free coffee! D. Would you like to drink coffee? 2.What is the function of paragraph 4? A. To offer some advice. B. To support a claim. C. To introduce a new topic. D. To doubt a common belief. 3.What does Oliver Svensen mention about the campaign? A. The social purposes of launching it. B. The efforts to boost it on social media. C. The factors contributing to its success. D. The practical approaches to expanding it. 4.What can be known about Rashid? A. He is astonished at the popularity of the campaign. B. He plans to come up with more similar joyful events. C. He initially had little confidence in the taste of coffee. D. He first got the idea from a discussion on the Internet. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures. Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge? In Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, local officials believe so. That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water, climb, sword-fight with sticks, wrestle and fall. “The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.” Taking risks is children’s nature. Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand. Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools. “Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.” While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds, it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play. That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17-second rule. So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast, take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do. “This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play. 1.What are the current playgrounds like? A. They are challenging for kids. B. They are basically free of risks. C. They are full of funny elements. D. They are tailored to risk-takers’ nature. 2.Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play? A. To motivate children to become more active. B. To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe. C. To train potential champions in the sports field. D. To inspire children to invent smarter devices. 3.What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5? A. Requirements for tackling risks. B. Features of predictable risks. C. Ways to engage in risky play. D. Benefits risky play can bring. 4.What does Brussoni advise parents to do? A. Stop observing their adventurous kids. B. Act as a role model for less brave kids. C. Allow their kids to explore their potential. D. Prevent their kids from doing risky sports. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （24-25高三上·辽宁联合体·期中）Forests have been embraced as a natural climate solution, due to their ability to soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow, locking it up in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots. But a new study confirms widespread doubts about the potential for most forests in the Western US to help control climate change. Published in Earth’s Future, the paper analyzed trends in carbon storage across the American West from 2005 to 2019. Led by Jazlynn Hall, a forest and landscape ecologist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, the team found that throughout most of the region, climate change and fires may be causing forests to store less carbon, not more. “There’s a growing trend to use forests as natural climate solutions,” said Hall. “Many climate mitigation (减轻) pathways rely in part on additional forest carbon storage to keep warming below 1.5℃ this century. We wanted to provide a baseline for how much carbon is currently stored in Western forests, how it’s changing, and how disturbances like fire and drought pose a threat to climate mitigation targets.” The authors warn that many Western forests could see a rapid acceleration of carbon loss in the coming years or decades. “These challenges have the potential to compromise carbon storage capacity and weaken our ability to mitigate climate change, Hah cautions. By providing a fire-new view of threats at landscape and regional levels, Hall and colleagues provide a framework (框架) that could help forest managers adapt site-specific strategies to strengthen forest resilience (复原力). They also identify the remaining areas with the lowest risk and highest potential to store carbon, such as the Pacific Northwest. “Our study develops new methods to carefully estimate forest-carbon storage at a regional level, track it over time, and find out the causes of changes over time,” said Hall. He expects the methods will be useful in monitoring carbon storage levels going forward, as well as assessing the carbon impacts of management efforts such as forest thinning and planned burning. 1.What does the underlined phrase “soak up” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Put down. B. Take in. C. Bring up. D. Give out. 2.Why was the study conducted? A. To find the best forests for carbon storage. B. To promote forests’ carbon storage capacity. C. To assess the current situation of forests. D. To measure the carbon released into forests. 3.What can we say about the future trend of Western forests? A. Carbon loss will speed up. B. They will become more resilient. C. They will store more carbon. D. They will have no impact on climate. 4.What is the primary function of Hall’s framework for forest management? A. Predicting future forest growth rates. B. Identifying high- risk areas for protection. C. Mapping all the forests in the Western US. D. Helping managers adapt strategies to forests. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （24-25高三上·辽宁名校联盟-11月·期中）An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication. Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24 buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation. Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects. As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow. 1.Why do doctors often recommend day centers to Alzheimer’s disease patients? A. To make them calm down. B. To keep their minds active. C. To help them make more friends. D. To prevent them developing other diseases. 2.What do we know about Glenner Town Square? A. It is a facility for caregivers to take a rest. B. It is an ancient town for patients to live in. C. It is intended to refresh the patients’ memories. D. It is inspired by the design of several other facilities. 3.Which of the following best describes the project? A. Safe. B. Flexible. C. Challenging. D. Promising. 4.What does the last paragraph indicate? A. Judy Garland and Jennifer Lawrence were famous administrators. B. Memories concerning the earlier key moments are easier to recall. C. Memories of all life stages can equally be applied in the treatment. D. Alzheimer’s disease patients can have memories of 20 years at most. 主题语境01 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 1.What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A. benefits. B. limitations. C. forms. D. controversies. 2.Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A. Pride can encourage people to work harder. B. Pride can make people value social recognition. C. Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D. Pride can help people better control their emotions. 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. To offer a solution to hubris. B. To describe specific behavior of hubris. C. To explain the motivation behind hubris. D. To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 4.Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A. Trying to win other people’s admiration. B. Lowering expectations for achievements. C. Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D. Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $