专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）China’s Zheng Qinwen concluded this year’s Grand Slamd (大满贯) journey with a US Open quarterfinal (四分之一决赛) defeat to Aryna Sabalenka on Wednesday. The 21-year-old Zheng was sent packing after a 1-6, 2-6 defeat. It was Zheng’s third loss in a row to the Belarusian after finishing as runner-up in January’s Australian Open. Despite the loss, Zheng’s performance this season has been impressive, highlighted by her deep runs in major tournaments and her historic Olympic gold medal in the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics. She became the first Asian-born player to claim gold in a tennis singles event at the Olympics in August. She will return to China to prepare for the China Open in Beijing and Wuhan Open in Hubei Province, still aiming to qualify for the WTA Finals. If she should qualify, she would become the first Chinese player to reach the WTA Finals since Li Na, marking another significant milestone in her career. Liu Yu, a Beijing-based sports commentator, noted that Zheng’s Olympic success has had a big impact on tennis in China, inspiring a new generation of players and fans. The WTA officially congratulated Zheng on its Sina Weibo account, celebrating her achievements in 2024, including the Australian Open runner-up, Olympic gold medal, and reaching the quarterfinals of the US Open. “Although Zheng did not progress further at the US Open, she has recorded her best performance in Grand Slans within a single season,” read the post. Chinese netizens applauded her efforts on social media, saying that Zheng already did a good job overcoming the tiredness from continuous competitions after the Olympics. Zheng said after the game that she could have done better but her tight schedule since the Olympics had left her with limited preparation time. She expressed enthusiasm for competing in China, hoping for more time to prepare for the upcoming tournaments. At the same time, China’s Zhang Shuai and Kristina Mladenovic from France advanced to the women’s doubles semifinals of the US Open, defeating Ellen Perez and Nicole Melichar-Martinez. They will face the third seeds Taylor Townsend and Katerina Siniakova on Thursday. 1.What does the underlined phrase “was sent packing” in paragraph l mean? A. was promoted B. was forced out C. was sent on a trip D. was packed for travel 2.What does the second paragraph mainly focus on? A. Zheng Qinwen’s future plans. B. Zheng Qinwen’s loss in the US Open. C. Zheng Qinwen’s Olympic gold medal. D. Zheng Qinwen’s outstanding achievements this season. 3.Why is Liu Yu’s comment mentioned in the passage? A. To compare different opinions. B. To praise Zheng Qinwen’s insight. C. To stress Zheng Qinwen’s Olympic impact. D. To further introduce Zheng Qinwen’s background. 4.Which of the following best describes Zheng Qinwen? A. Talented but tired. B. Popular but stressed. C. Young and ambitious. D. Confident and satisfied. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）When it comes to leading, self-identity matters. Research has shown that seeing yourself as a leader is an important first step on the path toward becoming one — and reluctance (不情愿) to be identified as a leader can keep capable people from taking on leadership responsibilities. So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1,700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified. Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic (专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role. As one interviewee put it, “I wouldn’t want to seem pushy, or that I take advantage of weak people. I wouldn’t want to seem cold.” Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner. The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others — even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group. Regardless of whether they actually saw themselves as qualified, many participants said that they were afraid that others would view them as unfit for leadership. As one shared, “I know people often associate certain typical images with leadership roles, so that makes me somewhat uncomfortable. I worry that if I try to pursue leadership in my field, people will not take me seriously.” 1.What does the underlined word “domineering” mean in paragraph 2? A. Being proud of oneself. B. Not considering others’ opinions. C. Speaking ill of other employees. D. Taking advantage of weak people. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Fear of seeming bossy only fits with female leadership. B. Both male and female worry about being seen as bossy. C. Leaders should not care about what others think of them. D. Female leaders are often described in negative-words. 3.What is people’s concern to be different? A. Getting less attention from others. B. Being talked about by others. C. Being on the same level as others. D. Lacking sense of belonging to a team. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A. To explain what reputational fears are. B. To encourage people to be leaders. C. To complain about the leaders in our life. D. To explain people’s reluctance to be leaders. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）“Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel. Perhaps we love origin stories, Markovitz suggested, because they “show the exact moment when a normal guy goes from being just like us to being somehow better, faster, stronger.” I tend to disagree. I think origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes, choosing other people’s needs over the pursuit of one’s own wealth and power. I’ve learned this through hundreds of conversations at comic book meetings, where fans have been remarkably honest about their lives and the inspiration they draw from superhero stories. I’ve found that superheroes go through three types of life-changing experiences that we can relate to. The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed. In real life, many people experience “stress-caused growth” after a trauma and determine to help others. The second life-changing force is destiny (命运). Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job. Lastly, there’s pure chance, which transformed a young Spider-Man, who was using his power for selfish (自私的) purposes until his beloved uncle was killed by a street thug. Spider-Man’s heroism is an example of how random negative events cause many of us to reflect on our lives and choose a different path. At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose. (Wearing a cape or tights is not a must. ) 1.How did Adam Markovitz feel about every superhero movie being an origin story? A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Fascinated. D. Inspired. 2.What experience led Bruce Wayne to become a hero? A. Suffering from great stress. B. Fighting crime with great devotion. C. Relating to Batman’s origin story. D. Witnessing his parents being killed. 3.What did Buffy do after she found her destiny? A. She couldn’t wait to accept her role. B. She used her power for selfish purposes. C. She refused to take on the responsibility. D. She committed herself to her role eventually. 4.According to the author, why do people love origin stories? A. Because they inspire us to put others before ourselves. B. Because they lie at the heart of every superhero movie. C. Because they explore the impact of negative events on life. D. Because they show how ordinary people become extraordinary. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Martha Siede, who has lived with dystonic cerebral palsy (肌张力障碍型脑瘫) since birth, gives voice to her experience in In Pursuit of “Normal”, a work that touches people not through explanation but through the quiet weight of its observation. To read it as someone familiar with disability is to recognize one’s own reflections in another’s mirror—less a discovery than a return. What stands apart is Martha’s refusal to soften the reoccurring nature of our obstacles. She writes that hospitals, where one might assume disability would be taken care of, often function instead as monuments to misfitting—“like trying to fit a square peg in a round hole”. Martha’s experiences reflected my own frustration there: narrow doorways and crowded spaces that were difficult for me to pass through. Throughout each stage of her life, Martha excels in fair, inclusive environments and struggles greatly otherwise. My favorite adaptation explored in this book is that of clothing brands employing seated models in wheelchairs in their advertisements—not as a favor, but as reimagination of who is seen, and how. Martha makes a clear, easy-to-follow distinction between when she gets the kind of support that makes her life more equal, and when she does not. Recounting these hardships never feels like a lecture or a reframing of history. Instead, Martha has written something that feels honest and strikes a balance between serious health concerns and conversations where she’s direct about some tough topics. This tone is very true to my experience of living with depression and disability. The book will speak, too, to caregivers—not with instruction, but with insight. Within Martha’s telling of struggle and perseverance lies a deeper suggestion: that possibility is sustained not by the absence of limitation, but by the presence of humor and determination. It’s not just a tale of survival; it’s a testament to her strength and resolve. 1.What is the issue faced by disabled people according to paragraph 2? A. The lack of access to emergency care. B. The neglect of their emotional condition. C. The gap between their needs and facilities. D. The shortage of available staff to help them. 2.Why does the author speak highly of some clothing advertisements? A. Because they show clothing in a variety of sizes. B. Because they offer fashion guides to wheelchair users. C. Because they feature models with different figures. D. Because they help wheelchair users visualize the clothing. 3.How does the author describe the tone of the book? A. Formal and practical. B. Subjective and realistic. C. Optimistic and abstract. D. Sincere and straightforward. 4.What is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Martha Siede: A fighter Against disabilities B. In Pursuit of “Normal”: More Than a Disabled Person’s Story C. How Inclusive Environments Shape Disabled People’s Lives D. The Challenges Faced by Disabled Individuals in Daily Life 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Anxious about returning to work after a career break? You post about your troubles online and two strangers reply. Stranger 1: “I understand your anxiety; your courage matters.” Stranger 2: “I’ve struggled with the same problem. Just jump in!” Studies show most find Stranger 1 more empathetic — but it’s often a chatbot. Surprised? Research reveals chatbots frequently outperform humans in empathy (同理心). A 2023 study found 80% of patients preferred chatbots’ response to doctors’ advice. Similarly, a 2024 experiment showed even when humans were paid to create thoughtful replies, they still fell short of ChatGPT’s sympathy. The secret to the chatbots’ success lies in mistakes humans make. When humans see someone in pain, we often share personal stories (“I’ve struggled too”) or rush to give advice (“Do this!”). While well-meaning, rushing to share opinions can minimize someone’s pain, and shifting the focus to ourselves weakens hope to be heard. Chatbots, however, avoid these errors. Without personal experiences or urgency to solve problems, they focus entirely on the speaker. In a 2024 study, Microsoft’s Bing Chat scored higher than humans by using a three-step method: explaining people’s struggles, acknowledging and justifying how they might feel, and asking follow-up questions. Humans can also adopt similar strategies like “looping for understanding”—repeating others’ words in their own terms and checking correctness (“Do I have that right?”). Chatbots are natural loopers, and when humans learn it, they better understand others’ emotions and make them feel heard. These skills extend beyond strengthening family and friend bonds: dozens of studies show managers and employers using such methods tend to have more loyal, effective, and productive employees. Despite AI’s impressive listening skills, it has limits. Chatbots repeat formulaic (公式化的) responses (“I hear you”) that feel robotic over time. They can’t feel or truly care for us, and studies show most human beings still want to engage with other humans. Some of the bugs of human connection are also, in fact, features. Chatbots can’t roll their eyes or leave our texts unanswered. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who sacrifice (牺牲) to be there for us, is part of its beauty. 1.What is the author’s purpose in quoting the two strangers’ replies? A. To compare two ways of giving advice. B. To introduce a psychological phenomenon. C. To suggest how to overcome anxiety. D. To criticize human’s communication. 2.What does the underlined phrase “fell short of” mean in paragraph 2? A. Differed from. B. Failed to match. C. Did better than. D. Were in need of. 3.What can humans learn from chatbots’ empathy strategies? A. To provide direct solutions. B. To stress shared stories. C. To correct speakers’ mistakes. D. To avoid self-centered responses. 4.What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A. AI is an impressive listener. B. Human empathy is valuable. C. AI responds to human’s pain calmly. D. There are problems with human interaction. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1.How does the author introduce the topic? A. By presenting a successful ceremony. B. By showing her firm determination. C. By describing her personal experience. D. By introducing her perfect marriage. 2.What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A. Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B. Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C. Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D. Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3.What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A. To shift topics. B. To make assumptions. C. To arouse interest. D. To encourage thinking. 4.Which of the following might the author approve of? A. A miss is as good as a mile. B. Haste makes waste. C. Close enough is good enough. D. Practice makes perfect. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁阜新部分重点高中·期中）Today, the widespread use of English as a language of science, technology, business, diplomacy, and entertainment has given many people a strong motivation to acquire the language. Millions of people are learning English. They, too, are making their own mark on its development. Speakers of world varieties of English are remaking its vocabulary to better express their identities, cultures, and everyday realities. In the Philippines, many houses have a dirty kitchen. This is not actually a kitchen that is dirty in the sense you think, but one outside the house where most of the real cooking is done. A dirty kitchen is a necessary convenience in a tropical country where it is best to avoid trapping heat and smells indoors. In Nigeria, a mama put is a street food stall. The term comes from the way its customers usually order food: They say “Mama, put...” to the woman running the stall and point to the dish they want. In Oxford University Press’s Gift of Words campaign, we asked people who speak more than one language to “gift” a word from their first to their second language, and vice versa. The responses we received highlight even more words that multilingual English speakers felt they had to borrow from their other languages for lack of a direct equivalent in English. Calling these borrowed words “gifts” is an important shift in perspective. Many value language purity over diversity and consider external influences as a threat to the integrity (完整性) of a language. However, this is in contradiction to how language works. The borrowing of words is part of the natural evolution of all living languages. English is particularly notable for its ability to absorb elements from other languages. A host of words were borrowed from Old Norse, Norman French, Latin, and Ancient Greek much earlier in its history, including core ones such as egg, fashion, universe, and economy. Contrary to popular belief, it is multilingualism rather than monolingualism that is the norm. Various reports estimate that between 60% and 75% of the global population can speak more than one language. In such a multilingual, digitally interconnected world, where more and more people are brought together by shared interests and goals rather than just geographic proximity, the interchange of words between languages and cultures has sped up. Changing our attitudes towards multilingualism and language variation is vital to fighting the linguistic prejudice that causes discrimination for not using the “right” words or for speaking in the “wrong” accent. It is only when we share ownership of English and embrace the language in all its diversity that it can truly be a gift from which everyone can benefit. 1.How does the author explain his point in Para. 2? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing the rules. C. By making comparisons. D. By providing instructions. 2.The Gift of Words campaign showed there was _________. A. a lack of native words in other languages B. a preference for using only English word C. an over-abundance of English vocabulary D. a need to borrow words from other languages 3.Which can replace the underlined word “proximity” in Para. 5? A. Difference. B. Closeness. C. Prejudice. D. Change. 4.According to the author, what is key to reducing linguistic prejudice and discrimination? A. Viewing borrowed words as “gifts”. B. Promoting the use of standard English. C. Encouraging people to learn more foreign languages. D. Including borrowed words in authoritative dictionaries. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·内蒙古自治区赤峰市多校·期中）When we talk about sustainability in the tech sector, the conversation often begins and ends with e-waste. The core issue isn’t merely the waste itself, but the system behind it, driven by overproduction and excessive consumption (过度消费). The smartphones, laptops and tablets we upgrade so frequently are responsible not only for mountains of discarded electronics but also for vast carbon emissions (排放), most of which are generated before the device even reaches our hands. True sustainability in consumer electronics doesn’t start at the point of disposal (处理); it starts at the point of production. If we want to curb the environmental impact of our tech, we need to shift our focus at the source and rethink how and how often devices are made, marketed and consumed. Addressing the environmental harms of fast tech requires a shift from overconsumption to thoughtful, sustainable care. This begins with making the most of the devices we already own. Extending their lifespan, rather than upgrading prematurely, is one of the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions and e-waste. When devices break, repair should be the first option. However, for some consumers, limited access to parts and support can make this difficult. Where repair isn’t possible, reselling to a professional is a far better choice than letting it gather dust in a drawer. And when a replacement is genuinely needed, choosing a second-hand or professionally repaired device can drastically reduce the environmental footprint compared to buying a new one. Recycling still plays a role, but it should be seen as a last resort, not the go-to solution. After all, no amount of recycling can make up for the emissions created in the production phase, which is where the majority of a device’s impact lies. This shift in mindset isn’t just about personal choices; it’s about acknowledging that the way we use and hold onto our tech has significant effects across the entire system. Thoughtful consumption matters. But to have a lasting impact, it must be part of a broader, structural shift across the industry. 1.What does the underlined part “curb” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Ignore. B. Control. C. Measure. D. Promote. 2.What does the author suggest to lower e-waste? A. Recycling more frequently. B. Shifting the design of devices. C. Upgrading devices annually. D. Lengthening the use of devices. 3.What should consumers do if a device is beyond repair? A. Take it apart. B. Store it for future use. C. Resell it. D. Throw it into regular trash. 4.Why is recycling positioned as a final solution? A. It fails to address emissions. B. It is a personal choice. C. It is inconvenient. D. It increases the cost. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·内蒙古乌兰察布·期中）During the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030), China plans to make its currency (货币), the yuan, more used around the world. It will do this carefully and step by step. This is important because the current global money system, which relies heavily on the US dollar, is becoming less stable. To achieve this, China will focus on several key areas: ·Making it easier for foreign investors to put money into China’s markets. ·Slowly allowing money to move more freely in and out of the country, but with close watch. ·Letting the value of the yuan change more flexibly against other currencies. The People’s Bank of China says that using the yuan across borders is a natural process driven by market needs. It will work to make the environment better for everyone to use the yuan. Specific steps include: ·Simplifying investment channels to attract more foreign money. ·Improving systems for using yuan in international trade and investment. ·Encouraging foreign companies and banks to issue “panda bonds” (bonds in yuan) in China. Experts agree that this steady approach is key. Guan Tao, an economist, said China needs to gradually open its capital account to help the yuan flow more easily across borders. Marshall Mills from the IMF (国际货币基金组织) noted that as China’s economy grows, the use of the yuan will naturally increase. Professor Wu Xiaoqiu said that for China to be a strong financial power, its currency must be influential globally. He suggested selling more government bonds to give global investors safe places to put their yuan. Another expert, Tian Xuan, added that China should also improve its financial markets and allow foreigners more access to trade financial products like futures. In short, China is committed to a safe and steady path to make the yuan a more important global currency. 1.Which of the following is NOT a method China will use to promote the yuan? A. Making it easier for foreigners to invest in China. B. Allowing money to move freely without any control. C. Improving systems for using yuan in international trade. D. Letting the yuan’s value change more flexibly. 2.What did Professor Wu Xiaoqiu suggest to attract global investors? A. Print more yuan. B. Sell more government bonds. C. Lower the value of the yuan. D. Stop using the US dollar. 3.Why is China promoting the yuan in a careful and gradual way? A. Because the US dollar is becoming stronger. B. Because China wants to keep the yuan only for itself. C. Because the global monetary system is becoming less stable. D. Because other countries do not want to use the yuan. 4.What is China’s main goal for the yuan during the 15th Five-Year Plan? A. To make the yuan more widely used around the world. B. To replace the US dollar immediately. C. To stop using the yuan in international trade. D. To keep the yuan only for use inside China. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁阜新部分重点高中·期中）A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare’s original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF’s new modernization project is misguided. The organization — which is known for experimentation — is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare’s original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text. On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney’s often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: “Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right.” In this example, at least, Heaney’s talent apparently overcame Shapiro’s opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to “modernize” the language of Shakespeare’s works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf did. But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 1.Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare’s original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF’s modernization project. 2.What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 3.What does the author say about Shakespeare’s works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won’t be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare’s plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people’s interest in Shakespeare’s works. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 1.What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 2.What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 3.What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.B 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.C 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A 112 西学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4A 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 212 专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）China’s Zheng Qinwen concluded this year’s Grand Slamd (大满贯) journey with a US Open quarterfinal (四分之一决赛) defeat to Aryna Sabalenka on Wednesday. The 21-year-old Zheng was sent packing after a 1-6, 2-6 defeat. It was Zheng’s third loss in a row to the Belarusian after finishing as runner-up in January’s Australian Open. Despite the loss, Zheng’s performance this season has been impressive, highlighted by her deep runs in major tournaments and her historic Olympic gold medal in the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics. She became the first Asian-born player to claim gold in a tennis singles event at the Olympics in August. She will return to China to prepare for the China Open in Beijing and Wuhan Open in Hubei Province, still aiming to qualify for the WTA Finals. If she should qualify, she would become the first Chinese player to reach the WTA Finals since Li Na, marking another significant milestone in her career. Liu Yu, a Beijing-based sports commentator, noted that Zheng’s Olympic success has had a big impact on tennis in China, inspiring a new generation of players and fans. The WTA officially congratulated Zheng on its Sina Weibo account, celebrating her achievements in 2024, including the Australian Open runner-up, Olympic gold medal, and reaching the quarterfinals of the US Open. “Although Zheng did not progress further at the US Open, she has recorded her best performance in Grand Slans within a single season,” read the post. Chinese netizens applauded her efforts on social media, saying that Zheng already did a good job overcoming the tiredness from continuous competitions after the Olympics. Zheng said after the game that she could have done better but her tight schedule since the Olympics had left her with limited preparation time. She expressed enthusiasm for competing in China, hoping for more time to prepare for the upcoming tournaments. At the same time, China’s Zhang Shuai and Kristina Mladenovic from France advanced to the women’s doubles semifinals of the US Open, defeating Ellen Perez and Nicole Melichar-Martinez. They will face the third seeds Taylor Townsend and Katerina Siniakova on Thursday. 1.What does the underlined phrase “was sent packing” in paragraph l mean? A. was promoted B. was forced out C. was sent on a trip D. was packed for travel 2.What does the second paragraph mainly focus on? A. Zheng Qinwen’s future plans. B. Zheng Qinwen’s loss in the US Open. C. Zheng Qinwen’s Olympic gold medal. D. Zheng Qinwen’s outstanding achievements this season. 3.Why is Liu Yu’s comment mentioned in the passage? A. To compare different opinions. B. To praise Zheng Qinwen’s insight. C. To stress Zheng Qinwen’s Olympic impact. D. To further introduce Zheng Qinwen’s background. 4.Which of the following best describes Zheng Qinwen? A. Talented but tired. B. Popular but stressed. C. Young and ambitious. D. Confident and satisfied. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国网球选手郑钦文在美网四分之一决赛失利，但本赛季成绩出色，还获奥运金牌，同时张帅和搭档晋级美网女双半决赛。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“China’s Zheng Qinwen concluded this year’s Grand Slamd (大满贯) journey with a US Open quarterfinal (四分之一决赛) defeat to Aryna Sabalenka on Wednesday. The 21-year-old Zheng was sent packing after a 1-6, 2-6 defeat. (周三，中国选手郑钦文在美网四分之一决赛中输给阿丽娜·萨巴伦卡，结束了今年的大满贯之旅。这位21岁的选手以1-6、2-6的比分落败后was sent packing)”可知，郑钦文在比赛中输了，被淘汰，所以“was sent packing”的意思是被淘汰，即“was forced out”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Despite the loss, Zheng’s performance this season has been impressive, highlighted by her deep runs in major tournaments and her historic Olympic gold medal in the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics. She became the first Asian-born player to claim gold in a tennis singles event at the Olympics in August. (尽管输了比赛，但郑钦文本赛季的表现令人印象深刻，她在重大赛事中取得了优异成绩，并在2024年巴黎夏季奥运会上获得了具有历史意义的金牌。今年8月，她成为首位在奥运会网球单打项目中夺得金牌的亚洲选手)”可知，该段主要讲了郑钦文本赛季的出色成就。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Liu Yu, a Beijing-based sports commentator, noted that Zheng’s Olympic success has had a big impact on tennis in China, inspiring a new generation of players and fans. (北京体育评论员刘宇指出，郑钦文在奥运会上的成功对中国网球产生了重大影响，激励了新一代的球员和球迷)”可知，提到刘宇的评论是为了强调郑钦文奥运会夺冠带来的影响。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The 21-year-old Zheng was sent packing after a 1-6, 2-6 defeat. (这位21岁的选手以1-6、2-6的比分落败后被淘汰)”可知郑钦文很年轻；再根据第二段中“She will return to China to prepare for the China Open in Beijing and Wuhan Open in Hubei Province, still aiming to qualify for the WTA Finals. (她将返回中国，为北京的中国公开赛和湖北省的武汉公开赛做准备，仍志在获得WTA年终总决赛的参赛资格)”可知她很有抱负。所以郑钦是文年轻(young)且有抱负(ambitious)。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）When it comes to leading, self-identity matters. Research has shown that seeing yourself as a leader is an important first step on the path toward becoming one — and reluctance (不情愿) to be identified as a leader can keep capable people from taking on leadership responsibilities. So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1,700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified. Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic (专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role. As one interviewee put it, “I wouldn’t want to seem pushy, or that I take advantage of weak people. I wouldn’t want to seem cold.” Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner. The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others — even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group. Regardless of whether they actually saw themselves as qualified, many participants said that they were afraid that others would view them as unfit for leadership. As one shared, “I know people often associate certain typical images with leadership roles, so that makes me somewhat uncomfortable. I worry that if I try to pursue leadership in my field, people will not take me seriously.” 1.What does the underlined word “domineering” mean in paragraph 2? A. Being proud of oneself. B. Not considering others’ opinions. C. Speaking ill of other employees. D. Taking advantage of weak people. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Fear of seeming bossy only fits with female leadership. B. Both male and female worry about being seen as bossy. C. Leaders should not care about what others think of them. D. Female leaders are often described in negative-words. 3.What is people’s concern to be different? A. Getting less attention from others. B. Being talked about by others. C. Being on the same level as others. D. Lacking sense of belonging to a team. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A. To explain what reputational fears are. B. To encourage people to be leaders. C. To complain about the leaders in our life. D. To explain people’s reluctance to be leaders. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人们为何常常不愿将自己视为领导者”的问题展开探讨，通过一系列研究结果来分析和阐述造成这种现象的原因，包括三种常见的声誉担忧。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic(专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role.(许多参与者表示，如果他们要担任领导角色，就会担心被视为独裁者、专横者或……)”中的“autocratic(专横的), bossy”可推测，划线单词应该也是负面的评价，且和这两个单词意思相似。而“autocratic(专横的), bossy”都和“以自我中心，不考虑别人”相关。选项A“Being proud of oneself (为自己感到骄傲)”；选项B“Not considering others’ opinions (不考虑别人的意见)”；选项C“Speaking ill of other employees (说其他员工的坏话)”；选项D“Taking advantage of weak people (利用弱小的人)”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner.(有趣的是，尽管有很多文章都在讨论用‘专横’等负面词汇来描述女性领导者，但我们的研究发现，男性和女性都害怕给人留下这样的印象。)”可知，男性和女性都担心被视为专横。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others—even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group.(第二个常见的担忧是，作为领导者会让自己被单独挑出来，因与众不同而受到过多关注——即使这种关注是正面的。一位参与者解释道：“我不想被仰望。我喜欢领导，但同时我也想和大家处于同一水平线上。”许多人担心，如果他们成为领导者，就必须牺牲自己在群体中的归属感。)”可知，人们对与众不同的担忧是“牺牲自己在群体中的归属感”，即“缺乏团队归属感”。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1, 700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified.(那么，为什么人们常常不愿将自己视为领导者呢？为了探究这个问题，我们对1700多名参与者进行了一系列研究，并始终发现，人们对成为领导者可能带来的声誉风险越担忧，他们就越不可能被认定为领导者。具体而言，我们确定了三种常见的声誉担忧：担心显得专横、担心显得与众不同以及担心显得不胜任。)”以及全文内容可知，文章详细解释了人们不愿意成为领导者的三个声誉恐惧的原因，所以整篇文章都在解释人们不愿意成为领导者的原因。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）“Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel. Perhaps we love origin stories, Markovitz suggested, because they “show the exact moment when a normal guy goes from being just like us to being somehow better, faster, stronger.” I tend to disagree. I think origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes, choosing other people’s needs over the pursuit of one’s own wealth and power. I’ve learned this through hundreds of conversations at comic book meetings, where fans have been remarkably honest about their lives and the inspiration they draw from superhero stories. I’ve found that superheroes go through three types of life-changing experiences that we can relate to. The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed. In real life, many people experience “stress-caused growth” after a trauma and determine to help others. The second life-changing force is destiny (命运). Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job. Lastly, there’s pure chance, which transformed a young Spider-Man, who was using his power for selfish (自私的) purposes until his beloved uncle was killed by a street thug. Spider-Man’s heroism is an example of how random negative events cause many of us to reflect on our lives and choose a different path. At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose. (Wearing a cape or tights is not a must. ) 1.How did Adam Markovitz feel about every superhero movie being an origin story? A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Fascinated. D. Inspired. 2.What experience led Bruce Wayne to become a hero? A. Suffering from great stress. B. Fighting crime with great devotion. C. Relating to Batman’s origin story. D. Witnessing his parents being killed. 3.What did Buffy do after she found her destiny? A. She couldn’t wait to accept her role. B. She used her power for selfish purposes. C. She refused to take on the responsibility. D. She committed herself to her role eventually. 4.According to the author, why do people love origin stories? A. Because they inspire us to put others before ourselves. B. Because they lie at the heart of every superhero movie. C. Because they explore the impact of negative events on life. D. Because they show how ordinary people become extraordinary. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对超级英雄起源故事的看法。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中““Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel.(“为什么每部超级英雄电影都是一个起源故事？”《娱乐周刊》影评人Adam Markovitz在看了今年夏天的《超人：钢铁之躯》的预告片后抱怨道。)”可知，Adam Markovitz对每一部超级英雄电影都是一个起源故事是感到失望的。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed.(首先是创伤，这是蝙蝠侠起源故事的核心，在其中，Bruce Wayne在看到他的父母被杀后致力于打击犯罪。)”可知，让Bruce Wayne成为英雄的经历是目睹他的父母被杀。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job.(比如《吸血鬼猎人巴菲》，讲述的是一个普通的少女发现自己是“天选之子”——生来就拥有对抗恶魔的超自然力量。Buffy不愿意接受她的命运，但她全身心地投入到她的新工作中。)”可知，Buffy发现她的命运后，最终致力于她的工作中。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose.(在最好的情况下，超级英雄的起源故事激励着我们，并提供了应对逆境、在损失和创伤中寻找意义、发现我们的优势并将其用于良好目的的模范。)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们喜欢起源故事是因为它们激励我们把别人放在我们自己前面，要为他人着想。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Martha Siede, who has lived with dystonic cerebral palsy (肌张力障碍型脑瘫) since birth, gives voice to her experience in In Pursuit of “Normal”, a work that touches people not through explanation but through the quiet weight of its observation. To read it as someone familiar with disability is to recognize one’s own reflections in another’s mirror—less a discovery than a return. What stands apart is Martha’s refusal to soften the reoccurring nature of our obstacles. She writes that hospitals, where one might assume disability would be taken care of, often function instead as monuments to misfitting—“like trying to fit a square peg in a round hole”. Martha’s experiences reflected my own frustration there: narrow doorways and crowded spaces that were difficult for me to pass through. Throughout each stage of her life, Martha excels in fair, inclusive environments and struggles greatly otherwise. My favorite adaptation explored in this book is that of clothing brands employing seated models in wheelchairs in their advertisements—not as a favor, but as reimagination of who is seen, and how. Martha makes a clear, easy-to-follow distinction between when she gets the kind of support that makes her life more equal, and when she does not. Recounting these hardships never feels like a lecture or a reframing of history. Instead, Martha has written something that feels honest and strikes a balance between serious health concerns and conversations where she’s direct about some tough topics. This tone is very true to my experience of living with depression and disability. The book will speak, too, to caregivers—not with instruction, but with insight. Within Martha’s telling of struggle and perseverance lies a deeper suggestion: that possibility is sustained not by the absence of limitation, but by the presence of humor and determination. It’s not just a tale of survival; it’s a testament to her strength and resolve. 1.What is the issue faced by disabled people according to paragraph 2? A. The lack of access to emergency care. B. The neglect of their emotional condition. C. The gap between their needs and facilities. D. The shortage of available staff to help them. 2.Why does the author speak highly of some clothing advertisements? A. Because they show clothing in a variety of sizes. B. Because they offer fashion guides to wheelchair users. C. Because they feature models with different figures. D. Because they help wheelchair users visualize the clothing. 3.How does the author describe the tone of the book? A. Formal and practical. B. Subjective and realistic. C. Optimistic and abstract. D. Sincere and straightforward. 4.What is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Martha Siede: A fighter Against disabilities B. In Pursuit of “Normal”: More Than a Disabled Person’s Story C. How Inclusive Environments Shape Disabled People’s Lives D. The Challenges Faced by Disabled Individuals in Daily Life 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者的阅读体验，介绍Martha Siede的作品《追寻“常态”》，同时分享了残疾人的生活困境与作品的价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Martha’s experiences reflected my own frustration there: narrow doorways and crowded spaces that were difficult for me to pass through.(Martha的经历让我感同身受，我也曾在医院里倍感沮丧：狭窄的门口、拥挤的空间，都让我难以通行)”可知，残疾人面临的问题是需求与设施不匹配，如医院的窄门、拥挤空间等。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“My favorite adaptation explored in this book is that of clothing brands employing seated models in wheelchairs in their advertisements—not as a favor, but as reimagination of who is seen, and how.(我最喜欢书中讲到的一个适应性调整案例：服装品牌在广告中启用坐轮椅的模特，这并非出于施舍，而是对谁会被看见、如何被看见的重新构想)”可知，作者认可服装广告是因为其启用轮椅模特，帮助轮椅使用者直观看到服装效果。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Instead, Martha has written something that feels honest and strikes a balance between serious health concerns and conversations where she’s direct about some tough topics. This tone is very true to my experience of living with depression and disability.(相反地，Martha的文字格外真诚，既探讨严肃的健康问题，也直白地聊一些沉重的话题，二者间的平衡把握得恰到好处。这种基调与我身患抑郁症和残疾的生活体验高度契合。)”可知，书的语气是真诚且直截了当的，既真实又直接讨论抑郁等话题。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Martha Siede, who has lived with dystonic cerebral palsy (肌张力障碍型脑瘫) since birth, gives voice to her experience in In Pursuit of‘Normal’, a work that touches people not through explanation but through the quiet weight of its observation.(Martha Siede自出生起就患有肌张力障碍型脑瘫，她在《追寻‘常态’》一书中倾诉了自己的经历——这部作品并非靠说教打动读者，而是以细腻深刻的观察潜移默化地引发共鸣。)”以及第五段中“It’s not just a tale of survival; it’s a testament to her strength and resolve.(它不只是生存的故事，更是她力量与决心的见证。)”可知，文章开篇即点明Martha的作品《追寻“常态”》，又强调它不只是生存的故事，更是她力量与决心的见证。因此选项B“《追寻“常态”》：不止是残疾人的故事”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Anxious about returning to work after a career break? You post about your troubles online and two strangers reply. Stranger 1: “I understand your anxiety; your courage matters.” Stranger 2: “I’ve struggled with the same problem. Just jump in!” Studies show most find Stranger 1 more empathetic — but it’s often a chatbot. Surprised? Research reveals chatbots frequently outperform humans in empathy (同理心). A 2023 study found 80% of patients preferred chatbots’ response to doctors’ advice. Similarly, a 2024 experiment showed even when humans were paid to create thoughtful replies, they still fell short of ChatGPT’s sympathy. The secret to the chatbots’ success lies in mistakes humans make. When humans see someone in pain, we often share personal stories (“I’ve struggled too”) or rush to give advice (“Do this!”). While well-meaning, rushing to share opinions can minimize someone’s pain, and shifting the focus to ourselves weakens hope to be heard. Chatbots, however, avoid these errors. Without personal experiences or urgency to solve problems, they focus entirely on the speaker. In a 2024 study, Microsoft’s Bing Chat scored higher than humans by using a three-step method: explaining people’s struggles, acknowledging and justifying how they might feel, and asking follow-up questions. Humans can also adopt similar strategies like “looping for understanding”—repeating others’ words in their own terms and checking correctness (“Do I have that right?”). Chatbots are natural loopers, and when humans learn it, they better understand others’ emotions and make them feel heard. These skills extend beyond strengthening family and friend bonds: dozens of studies show managers and employers using such methods tend to have more loyal, effective, and productive employees. Despite AI’s impressive listening skills, it has limits. Chatbots repeat formulaic (公式化的) responses (“I hear you”) that feel robotic over time. They can’t feel or truly care for us, and studies show most human beings still want to engage with other humans. Some of the bugs of human connection are also, in fact, features. Chatbots can’t roll their eyes or leave our texts unanswered. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who sacrifice (牺牲) to be there for us, is part of its beauty. 1.What is the author’s purpose in quoting the two strangers’ replies? A. To compare two ways of giving advice. B. To introduce a psychological phenomenon. C. To suggest how to overcome anxiety. D. To criticize human’s communication. 2.What does the underlined phrase “fell short of” mean in paragraph 2? A. Differed from. B. Failed to match. C. Did better than. D. Were in need of. 3.What can humans learn from chatbots’ empathy strategies? A. To provide direct solutions. B. To stress shared stories. C. To correct speakers’ mistakes. D. To avoid self-centered responses. 4.What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A. AI is an impressive listener. B. Human empathy is valuable. C. AI responds to human’s pain calmly. D. There are problems with human interaction. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了聊天机器人在同理心方面表现，分析了人类在交流中常犯的错误、聊天机器人的成功策略、AI的局限性以及人类同理心的独特价值。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Studies show most find Stranger 1 more empathetic — but it’s often a chatbot. Surprised?(研究表明，大多数人认为陌生人1更有同理心——但它通常是一个聊天机器人。惊讶吗？)”可知，作者引用两个陌生人的回复是为了引出聊天机器人更具同理心这一心理现象。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Research reveals chatbots frequently outperform humans in empathy (同理心). A 2023 study found 80% of patients preferred chatbots’ response to doctors’ advice. Similarly, a 2024 experiment showed even when humans were paid to create thoughtful replies, they still fell short of ChatGPT’s sympathy.(研究表明，聊天机器人在同理心方面经常胜过人类。2023年的一项研究发现，80%的患者更喜欢聊天机器人的回应，而不是医生的建议。同样，2024年的一项实验表明，即使有人付费让人类给出深思熟虑的回复，他们仍然fell short of ChatGPT的同情心水平。)”可知，前文提到聊天机器人在同理心方面优于人类，此处指即使付费，人类的回复同样还是不如ChatGPT，达不到ChatGPT的同情心水平，所以“fell short of”意为“未能达到、比不上”。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When humans see someone in pain, we often share personal stories (“I’ve struggled too”) or rush to give advice (“Do this!”). While well-meaning, rushing to share opinions can minimize someone’s pain, and shifting the focus to ourselves weakens hope to be heard. Chatbots, however, avoid these errors. Without personal experiences or urgency to solve problems, they focus entirely on the speaker.(当人类看到有人处于痛苦中时，我们经常会分享个人经历（“我也经历过挣扎”）或急于给出建议（“这么做！”）。虽然是出于好意，但急于发表看法可能会轻视对方的痛苦，而将焦点转移到自己身上则会削弱对方被倾听的期望。然而，聊天机器人避免了这些错误。没有个人经历或解决问题的紧迫感，它们完全专注于说话者。)”可知，人类可以从聊天机器人身上学到避免以自我为中心的回应。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Despite AI’s impressive listening skills, it has limits. Chatbots repeat formulaic (公式化的) responses (“I hear you”) that feel robotic over time. They can’t feel or truly care for us, and studies show most human beings still want to engage with other humans. Some of the bugs of human connection are also, in fact, features. Chatbots can’t roll their eyes or leave our texts unanswered. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who sacrifice (牺牲) to be there for us, is part of its beauty. (尽管人工智能的倾听能力令人印象深刻，但它也存在局限性。聊天机器人会重复那些公式化的回应（比如“我懂你的意思”），时间一长就会显得机械生硬。它们无法产生情感，也不会真正关心我们，而且研究表明，大多数人仍然希望与其他人类进行交流。事实上，人类交往中的一些“小瑕疵”，其实也是其特色所在。聊天机器人不会翻白眼，也不会对我们的信息置之不理。但我们往往需要努力才能获得人类的同理心，而这种同理心来自那些会为我们做出牺牲、能力有限的人——这正是人类同理心的美妙之处。)”可知，作者在最后一段想表达人类的同理心是有价值的。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1.How does the author introduce the topic? A. By presenting a successful ceremony. B. By showing her firm determination. C. By describing her personal experience. D. By introducing her perfect marriage. 2.What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A. Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B. Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C. Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D. Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3.What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A. To shift topics. B. To make assumptions. C. To arouse interest. D. To encourage thinking. 4.Which of the following might the author approve of? A. A miss is as good as a mile. B. Haste makes waste. C. Close enough is good enough. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了追求完美可能成为生活中幸福的重大阻碍，强调接受不完美的重要性，鼓励人们学会欣赏不完美之处，拥抱一种不完美主义的生活态度。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time.(在计划我的婚礼时，我决定不要陷入“完美的一天”，而是要有一个轻松，非正式的庆祝活动。我丈夫和我度过了一段美好的时光。)”可知，作者通过讲述自己筹备婚礼时摒弃追求完美、选择轻松庆祝的个人经历来引出文章关于追求完美的话题，所以作者是通过描述个人经历来引入话题的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves.(他说完美是有害的。立刻满足每一个需求，在孩子一要玩具的时候就马上把玩具递过去，这会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺了他们感到沮丧以及学会自己爬过去拿玩具的机会)”可知，从“足够好的母亲”的例子中可以推断出，母亲立刻回应婴儿的需求（即追求完美回应）会影响婴儿的成长，让他们失去自我探索和成长的机会。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。文章第五段结尾的两个问题“How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them?(如果你期望每个人都能满足你狭隘的期望，你怎么能成为一个好的伴侣呢？如果你的孩子觉得他们总是需要在你为他们画的线条内精确地涂上颜色，他们怎么能成长呢？)”是在前面讲述了自己作为完美主义者认识到自己对不完美的不容忍以及这种态度对人际关系和育儿的影响之后提出的。这两个问题是为了让读者思考，如果总是期望别人符合自己狭隘的期望，就无法成为好伴侣，孩子也无法真正成长，鼓励读者进行思考。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们需要做的不仅仅是容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏他们的人性和美。不完美是人们愿意花钱请书法家手写邀请函的原因，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样的脚本的完美版本。因此，为了更美好的生活，最终更好的生活，我选择了不完美主义)”可推知，作者会同意的是“差不多就行（了）”，认为达到一定程度、接近预期标准就可以接受，不完美也行。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁阜新部分重点高中·期中）Today, the widespread use of English as a language of science, technology, business, diplomacy, and entertainment has given many people a strong motivation to acquire the language. Millions of people are learning English. They, too, are making their own mark on its development. Speakers of world varieties of English are remaking its vocabulary to better express their identities, cultures, and everyday realities. In the Philippines, many houses have a dirty kitchen. This is not actually a kitchen that is dirty in the sense you think, but one outside the house where most of the real cooking is done. A dirty kitchen is a necessary convenience in a tropical country where it is best to avoid trapping heat and smells indoors. In Nigeria, a mama put is a street food stall. The term comes from the way its customers usually order food: They say “Mama, put...” to the woman running the stall and point to the dish they want. In Oxford University Press’s Gift of Words campaign, we asked people who speak more than one language to “gift” a word from their first to their second language, and vice versa. The responses we received highlight even more words that multilingual English speakers felt they had to borrow from their other languages for lack of a direct equivalent in English. Calling these borrowed words “gifts” is an important shift in perspective. Many value language purity over diversity and consider external influences as a threat to the integrity (完整性) of a language. However, this is in contradiction to how language works. The borrowing of words is part of the natural evolution of all living languages. English is particularly notable for its ability to absorb elements from other languages. A host of words were borrowed from Old Norse, Norman French, Latin, and Ancient Greek much earlier in its history, including core ones such as egg, fashion, universe, and economy. Contrary to popular belief, it is multilingualism rather than monolingualism that is the norm. Various reports estimate that between 60% and 75% of the global population can speak more than one language. In such a multilingual, digitally interconnected world, where more and more people are brought together by shared interests and goals rather than just geographic proximity, the interchange of words between languages and cultures has sped up. Changing our attitudes towards multilingualism and language variation is vital to fighting the linguistic prejudice that causes discrimination for not using the “right” words or for speaking in the “wrong” accent. It is only when we share ownership of English and embrace the language in all its diversity that it can truly be a gift from which everyone can benefit. 1.How does the author explain his point in Para. 2? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing the rules. C. By making comparisons. D. By providing instructions. 2.The Gift of Words campaign showed there was _________. A. a lack of native words in other languages B. a preference for using only English word C. an over-abundance of English vocabulary D. a need to borrow words from other languages 3.Which can replace the underlined word “proximity” in Para. 5? A. Difference. B. Closeness. C. Prejudice. D. Change. 4.According to the author, what is key to reducing linguistic prejudice and discrimination? A. Viewing borrowed words as “gifts”. B. Promoting the use of standard English. C. Encouraging people to learn more foreign languages. D. Including borrowed words in authoritative dictionaries. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了英语语言的演变及多语言环境对英语发展的影响，强调应接受语言多样性。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Speakers of world varieties of English are remaking its vocabulary to better express their identities, cultures, and everyday realities. In the Philippines, many houses have a dirty kitchen. This is not actually a kitchen that is dirty in the sense you think, but one outside the house where most of the real cooking is done. A dirty kitchen is a necessary convenience in a tropical country where it is best to avoid trapping heat and smells indoors. In Nigeria, a mama put is a street food stall.(世界各地英语的使用者正在重新构建其词汇，以更好地表达他们的身份、文化和日常现实。在菲律宾，许多房子都有一个脏厨房。这实际上并不是你想象中那种脏的厨房，而是房子外面的一个厨房，大部分真正的烹饪都是在那里进行的。在热带国家，脏厨房是必要的便利设施，因为最好避免把热量和气味困在室内。在尼日利亚，mama put指的是街头食品摊。)”可知，作者通过举例菲律宾的“脏厨房”和尼日利亚的“mama put”来解释他的观点。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“In Oxford University Press’s Gift of Words campaign, we asked people who speak more than one language to “gift” a word from their first to their second language, and vice versa. The responses we received highlight even more words that multilingual English speakers felt they had to borrow from their other languages for lack of a direct equivalent in English.(牛津大学出版社发起的“赠词”活动中，我们邀请双语使用者将母语中的词汇“馈赠”给第二语言，反之亦然。我们收到的反馈中，更多词汇被提及——会说多种语言的英语使用者表示，由于英语中没有直接对应的表达，他们不得不从其他语言中借用这些词。)”可知，“赠词”活动表明，需要从其他语言中借用词汇。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Contrary to popular belief, it is multilingualism rather than monolingualism that is the norm. Various reports estimate that between 60% and 75% of the global population can speak more than one language. In such a multilingual, digitally interconnected world, where more and more people are brought together by shared interests and goals rather than just geographic proximity, the interchange of words between languages and cultures has sped up.(与普遍看法相反，多语言而非单语言才是常态。各种报告估计，全球60%到75%的人口会说一种以上的语言。在这样一个多语言、数字互联的世界里，越来越多的人因为共同的兴趣和目标而走到一起，而不仅仅是因为地理上的proximity，语言和文化之间的词汇交流已经加快。)”可知，越来越多的人因为共同的兴趣和目标而走到一起，而不仅仅是因为地理上的接近，所以proximity的意思是“接近”。A. Difference.不同；B. Closeness.接近；C. Prejudice.偏见；D. Change.改变。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Changing our attitudes towards multilingualism and language variation is vital to fighting the linguistic prejudice that causes discrimination for not using the “right” words or for speaking in the “wrong” accent. It is only when we share ownership of English and embrace the language in all its diversity that it can truly be a gift from which everyone can benefit.(改变我们对多语言和语言变体的态度对于打击语言偏见至关重要，这种偏见会导致因不使用“正确”的词汇或说“错误”的口音而受到歧视。只有当我们共同拥有英语，并接受英语的所有多样性时，它才能真正成为一份人人都能受益的礼物。)”可知，作者认为，将借用的词视为“礼物”是减少语言偏见和歧视的关键。故选A。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·内蒙古自治区赤峰市多校·期中）When we talk about sustainability in the tech sector, the conversation often begins and ends with e-waste. The core issue isn’t merely the waste itself, but the system behind it, driven by overproduction and excessive consumption (过度消费). The smartphones, laptops and tablets we upgrade so frequently are responsible not only for mountains of discarded electronics but also for vast carbon emissions (排放), most of which are generated before the device even reaches our hands. True sustainability in consumer electronics doesn’t start at the point of disposal (处理); it starts at the point of production. If we want to curb the environmental impact of our tech, we need to shift our focus at the source and rethink how and how often devices are made, marketed and consumed. Addressing the environmental harms of fast tech requires a shift from overconsumption to thoughtful, sustainable care. This begins with making the most of the devices we already own. Extending their lifespan, rather than upgrading prematurely, is one of the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions and e-waste. When devices break, repair should be the first option. However, for some consumers, limited access to parts and support can make this difficult. Where repair isn’t possible, reselling to a professional is a far better choice than letting it gather dust in a drawer. And when a replacement is genuinely needed, choosing a second-hand or professionally repaired device can drastically reduce the environmental footprint compared to buying a new one. Recycling still plays a role, but it should be seen as a last resort, not the go-to solution. After all, no amount of recycling can make up for the emissions created in the production phase, which is where the majority of a device’s impact lies. This shift in mindset isn’t just about personal choices; it’s about acknowledging that the way we use and hold onto our tech has significant effects across the entire system. Thoughtful consumption matters. But to have a lasting impact, it must be part of a broader, structural shift across the industry. 1.What does the underlined part “curb” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Ignore. B. Control. C. Measure. D. Promote. 2.What does the author suggest to lower e-waste? A. Recycling more frequently. B. Shifting the design of devices. C. Upgrading devices annually. D. Lengthening the use of devices. 3.What should consumers do if a device is beyond repair? A. Take it apart. B. Store it for future use. C. Resell it. D. Throw it into regular trash. 4.Why is recycling positioned as a final solution? A. It fails to address emissions. B. It is a personal choice. C. It is inconvenient. D. It increases the cost. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技行业中的可持续性问题，特别是电子废弃物和碳排放问题。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The smartphones, laptops and tablets we upgrade so frequently are responsible not only for mountains of discarded electronics but also for vast carbon emissions (排放), most of which are generated before the device even reaches our hands. (我们频繁升级的智能手机、笔记本电脑和平板电脑不仅造成了堆积如山的废弃电子产品，还造成了大量的碳排放，其中大部分碳排放甚至在这些设备到达我们手中之前就已经产生了。)”和第二段“If we want to curb the environmental impact of our tech, we need to shift our focus at the source and rethink how and how often devices are made, marketed and consumed. (如果我们想curb 科技产品对环境的影响，就需要从源头转移焦点，重新思考设备的生产、营销和消费方式及频率。)” 可知，电子设备带来的环境问题，此处提出针对性解决方案想要抑制科技产品对环境的影响，因此“curb”应表示“控制、抑制”之意。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Extending their lifespan, rather than upgrading prematurely, is one of the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions and e-waste. (延长设备使用寿命，而非过早升级，是减少碳排放和电子垃圾最有效的方法之一。)” 可知，作者建议通过延长设备使用时间来减少电子垃圾。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Where repair isn’t possible, reselling to a professional is a far better choice than letting it gather dust in a drawer. (如果无法维修，转售给专业人士远比让它在抽屉里积灰要好得多。)” 可知，设备无法维修时，消费者应选择转售。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“After all, no amount of recycling can make up for the emissions created in the production phase, which is where the majority of a device’s impact lies. (毕竟，再多的回收也无法弥补生产阶段产生的碳排放，而这正是设备对环境造成影响的主要环节。)” 可知，回收被定位为最后手段的原因是它无法解决生产阶段产生的碳排放问题。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·内蒙古乌兰察布·期中）During the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030), China plans to make its currency (货币), the yuan, more used around the world. It will do this carefully and step by step. This is important because the current global money system, which relies heavily on the US dollar, is becoming less stable. To achieve this, China will focus on several key areas: ·Making it easier for foreign investors to put money into China’s markets. ·Slowly allowing money to move more freely in and out of the country, but with close watch. ·Letting the value of the yuan change more flexibly against other currencies. The People’s Bank of China says that using the yuan across borders is a natural process driven by market needs. It will work to make the environment better for everyone to use the yuan. Specific steps include: ·Simplifying investment channels to attract more foreign money. ·Improving systems for using yuan in international trade and investment. ·Encouraging foreign companies and banks to issue “panda bonds” (bonds in yuan) in China. Experts agree that this steady approach is key. Guan Tao, an economist, said China needs to gradually open its capital account to help the yuan flow more easily across borders. Marshall Mills from the IMF (国际货币基金组织) noted that as China’s economy grows, the use of the yuan will naturally increase. Professor Wu Xiaoqiu said that for China to be a strong financial power, its currency must be influential globally. He suggested selling more government bonds to give global investors safe places to put their yuan. Another expert, Tian Xuan, added that China should also improve its financial markets and allow foreigners more access to trade financial products like futures. In short, China is committed to a safe and steady path to make the yuan a more important global currency. 1.Which of the following is NOT a method China will use to promote the yuan? A. Making it easier for foreigners to invest in China. B. Allowing money to move freely without any control. C. Improving systems for using yuan in international trade. D. Letting the yuan’s value change more flexibly. 2.What did Professor Wu Xiaoqiu suggest to attract global investors? A. Print more yuan. B. Sell more government bonds. C. Lower the value of the yuan. D. Stop using the US dollar. 3.Why is China promoting the yuan in a careful and gradual way? A. Because the US dollar is becoming stronger. B. Because China wants to keep the yuan only for itself. C. Because the global monetary system is becoming less stable. D. Because other countries do not want to use the yuan. 4.What is China’s main goal for the yuan during the 15th Five-Year Plan? A. To make the yuan more widely used around the world. B. To replace the US dollar immediately. C. To stop using the yuan in international trade. D. To keep the yuan only for use inside China. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在“十五五”规划（2026-2030年）期间，中国计划采取谨慎且循序渐进的方式推动人民币在全球更广泛地使用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Slowly allowing money to move more freely in and out of the country, but with close watch.(慢慢允许资金更自由地进出该国，但要密切关注)”可知，B选项“Allowing money to move freely without any control.(允许资金自由流动而不受任何控制)”不是中国将用来推动人民币国际化的方法。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He suggested selling more government bonds to give global investors safe places to put their yuan.(他建议卖出更多的政府债券，让全球投资者有安全的地方存放他们的人民币)”可知，Wu Xiaoqiu建议卖出更多的政府债券。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“It will do this carefully and step by step. This is important because the current global money system, which relies heavily on the US dollar, is becoming less stable.(它将谨慎地、一步一步地做到这一点。这一点很重要，因为目前严重依赖美元的全球货币体系正变得越来越不稳定)”可知，中国要谨慎、渐进地推进人民币的使用是因为全球货币体系正变得越来越不稳定。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“During the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030), China plans to make its currency (货币), the yuan, more used around the world.(在第15个五年计划（2026-2030年）期间，中国计划让人民币在全球范围内得到更多的使用。)”可知，中国在“十五五”期间的主要目标是让人民币在世界范围内得到更广泛的使用。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁阜新部分重点高中·期中）A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare’s original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF’s new modernization project is misguided. The organization — which is known for experimentation — is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare’s original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text. On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney’s often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: “Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right.” In this example, at least, Heaney’s talent apparently overcame Shapiro’s opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to “modernize” the language of Shakespeare’s works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf did. But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 1.Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare’s original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF’s modernization project. 2.What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 3.What does the author say about Shakespeare’s works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won’t be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare’s plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people’s interest in Shakespeare’s works. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了一个将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语的项目引发了人们的争论。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge.(作为一名教育工作者和莎士比亚戏剧爱好者，我相信以原文呈现莎士比亚戏剧的价值。我要求我的学生阅读莎士比亚戏剧的原著，通过我在“世界莎士比亚项目”的工作，我看到印度、乌干达和阿根廷等地的大学生热情地响应这一挑战)”可知，作者提到了一些本科生是为了表明他们对莎士比亚原著的兴趣。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text.(哥伦比亚大学教授詹姆斯·夏皮罗是批评这个新项目的人之一，他是一位著名的莎士比亚研究学者，他坚持认为，“随着语言以这种现代化的方式改变，这部作品就没有了原始语言的兴奋和质量。”本月早些时候，在莎士比亚环球剧院的观众面前，他补充说，“这真是个糟糕的主意。”然而，值得注意的是，夏皮罗和其他许多人一样，对另一种经典文本的翻译有着截然不同的反应)”可知，詹姆斯·夏皮罗的观点相互矛盾。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation.(但无论出于何种原因，改变莎士比亚的语言仍然是不可接受的，而他的戏剧的背景，服装和理论概念是创新的公平游戏)”可知，作者认为莎士比亚的作品在某些方面的创新是可以接受的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English.(俄勒冈州南部有80年历史的年度戏剧节俄勒冈莎士比亚节（OSF）将授权剧作家将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语，这一报道引发了激烈的争论)”结合文章主要说明了一个将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语的项目引发了人们的争论。可知，文章的主要目的是讨论一个与莎士比亚有关的项目。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 1.What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 2.What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 3.What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市已成为20至30只郊狼的栖息地，这些动物适应了城市生活，拥有多样的食物来源，并在城市的绿地中建立了自己的生存空间。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest.(纽约市最初并不是郊狼的家园，因为大多数物种来自大平原和西南部)”可知，郊狼最初的栖息地是大平原和西南部。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词后“Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi- generational New Yorkers.(目前生活在纽约的许多郊狼实际上可以追溯到第一批到达布朗克斯的原始群体，所以它们是真正的多代纽约狼)”可知，后文主要分析了生活在这里的这些土狼的来源，即指现在总共有20到30只土狼生活在这座城市，画线词义与Living意思相近。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park.(这些奇怪的生物每天可以在10英里的空地上行走——想象一下从华尔街到中央公园顶部的路线)”可知，郊狼每天活动范围可至十英里。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species- rich diet than the non- urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher!(在饮食方面，城市郊狼的饮食种类比非城市郊狼丰富。从植物到兔子，从人类的剩饭到啮齿类动物，城市叫卡不过的饮食其实相当多样化。尽管亨格博士在城市郊狼的粪便中只发现了有限数量的老鼠，但至少在市政府雇佣捕鼠员之前，有办法对付它们！)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了郊狼饮食的多样化。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $