专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）A new study finds younger adults look and feel older on stressful days. “Substantial research tells us stress makes older adults feel their age, or even feel older than they actually are,” says psychology professor Shevaun Neupert, the corresponding author of the new study. “And the literature tells us that when seniors feel older than they actually are, it is associated with many negative health outcomes. However, there is little research examining this issue in younger adults. This work may be particularly timely, as stress researchers are seeing an increase in the amount of stress younger adults are experiencing now.” The study covered 107 younger adults between the ages of 18 and 36, who completed detailed daily surveys for eight continuous days. The surveys were designed to capture how much stress they were experiencing each day, how much control they felt they had over their lives that day, and how old they felt and looked on that day. “The key finding was that on days when study participants reported experiencing higher levels of stress than they normally did, they also reported looking and feeling older,” Neupert says. “However, this was only true on days when study participants also reported feeling that they had less control over their lives than they normally did. Besides, both the levels of stress and the levels of control were relative.” “For one thing, this tells us that the phenomenon of stress making people feel older is not limited to older adults,” Neupert says. “It’s also important because we know that experiencing stress over time can have negative effects and that people generally report increasing levels of stress as they move from young adulthood to midlife. If these young people are already experiencing historically high levels of stress for their age, and that stress is affecting how old they feel, it will be important for us to pay close attention to the markers we use to assess stress-related physical and mental health for this generation.” 1.Why did Neupert carry out the study? A. To fill a gap in existing research. B. To correct previous misunderstandings. C. To improve the living conditions of adults. D. To help seniors to understand younger adults. 2.What research method was mainly used in the study? A. Literature review. B. Scientific observations. C. Survey data analysis. D. Psychological experiments. 3.Which can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Adults are especially subject to stress. B. Stress impacts depend on perceived control. C. Living an abnormal life makes people look older. D. Being under others’ control can harm one’s health. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Stress is speeding old people’s aging process B. Stress levels are rising among younger adults C. Wiry younger adults pay attention to their ages D. How younger adults’ perception of stress affects aging Passage 2 （25-26高二上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）Violence is a central concept for describing social relationships among humans, a concept loaded with ethical and political significance. Verbal violence, most often also labeled verbal abuse, is a common variety of violence, which contains a relatively large range. of behaviors, including accusing, undermining, verbal threatening, ordering, trivializing (轻视), constant forgetting, silencing, name-calling, open criticizing. It is compatible (共存的) with other forms of violence, including physical violence and psychological violence. For instance, in most bullying behaviors we do find all three kinds of violence (and verbal violence seems to be the most essential form of violence to bullying — you can have no bullying without verbal threat.) As with psychological violence, the question is posed of what sorts of reactions may be regarded as legitimate (合法的) with respect to verbal violence. Does a verbal threat give someone the leeway (余地) to respond with physical violence? We do find two quite distinct camps here: according to some, no act of verbal violence may justify a physically violent reaction; according to another camp, instead, verbally violent behavior may be as damaging, if not more damaging, than physically violent behaviors. On the other hand, verbal violence may be sometimes seen also as a form of liberation for the most oppressed. The exercise of humor may be in some cases involved with some forms of verbal violence: from politically incorrect jokes to simple mocking, humor may seem a manner to exercise violence over other people. At the same time, humor is amongst the most gentle tools for social protests, as it requires no special wealth and probably causes no physical damage and need not cause great psychological distress. The exercise of verbal violence, perhaps more than any other forms of violence, requires a continuous check on the part of the speaker of the reactions to their words: humans almost invariably end up exercising violence over each other; it is only by educating ourselves to try and keep from behaviors that our acquaintances do find violent that we may be able to live peacefully. 1.Which of the following is true about verbal violence according to the first paragraph? A. It is not related to ethical or political issues. B. It only includes name-calling and public criticism. C. It can be found in most bullying behaviors. D. It is not compatible with other forms of violence. 2.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Legitimate response to verbal violence is of major concern. B. Act of verbal violence justifies and authorizes a physical reaction. C. Verbal violence is undoubtedly as destructive as physical violence. D. Verbal violence has no essential difference with psychological violence. 3.Why is humor regarded as one of the gentlest tools for social protests? A. Because the poor can also use humor for social protests. B. Because it will not cost the interests of the protester. C. Because it is more acceptable than other forms of violence. D. Because it will only result in mild consequences. 4.What does this passage mainly talk about? A. How to respond to verbal violence properly. B. Explaining what verbal violence is. C. How to correctly view verbal violence. D. The different types of verbal violence. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Imagine a world in 2050 where cities are full of autonomous vehicles, AI-driven assistants (助手) perfectly fit into our daily routines, and virtual landscapes coexist with reality. From technological advances to climate change impacts, the next few decades will undoubtedly reshape the structure of our existence. In this new era, artificial intelligence and robotics will take center stage, transforming how we interact with our environment and one another. They will have evolved from mere tools to companions (同伴) that predict our needs and desires. The once-distant dream of having AI-driven personal assistants is now a reality, as they manage our schedules, handle our communications, and offer personalized recommendations with extraordinary accuracy. However, as we fast-forward to 2050, one cannot help but think about the huge effects of climate change on our planet. At present, most of us are lacking the imagination of what daily life will be like when we have slashed our carbon emissions (碳排放), from our homes and food to travel and the landscapes around us. What follows is an attempt to show you how a day will look in a net zero greenhouse gas emissions world. Edie Vaughan, a young girl in 2050, lives in Toronto, Canada, a place that is among the most popular destinations for its healthy climate and clean water resources. There are forests, and giant machines taking carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) out of the atmosphere. At that time, there are no office or industrial jobs anymore: artificial intelligence and robots have taken care of that. The few jobs left are in service, culture or health care. Luckily, Edie has her job. Every morning, she checks the balance in her Personal Carbon Allowance (PCA) account to see if she has enough to buy another battery for her e-bike. If she doesn’t have enough then she will have to buy carbon credits, and they are expensive. This story of 2050 is one of hope and possibility — a reminder that while enjoying the convenience brought by technological progress, we should also be responsible for the environment. 1.What does the author mainly discuss in paragraph 2? A. The advancement of autonomous vehicles. B. The use of AI-driven personal assistants. C. The interaction between man and nature. D. The role of AI and robotics in daily life. 2.What does the underlined word “slashed” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Increased. B. Clarified. C. Reduced. D. Adjusted. 3.What is one factor for Canada being a popular destination? A. Plentiful water. B. Health care. C. Advanced technology. D. Pleasant weather. 4.What does the author intend to tell us? A. A look into Edie Vaughan’s Life. B. What our life will be like in 2050. C. Technology helps control environment. D. How we can handle the climate change. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·吉林吉林市·期中）The Untouched Beauty of Patagonia Located in both Chile and Argentina at the southern tip of South America, Patagonia remains one of the planet’s last wild frontiers. Its landscapes — carved by ancient glaciers and shaped by constant winds — tell a story of elemental forces at work. ●The Ice Giants The region’s crown jewels are its 48 glaciers, including the Perito Moreno Glacier. Unlike most glaciers melting away due to climate change, this 30-km-long ice river still advances daily, carving massive icebergs into Lake Argentino with thunderous booms. Scientists monitor it as a climate “benchmark.” ●The Steppe’s Secrets East of the Andes, the Patagonian Steppe seems barren (贫瘠的) at first glance. Yet this plain protects wildlife like guanacos, elusive pumas, and the endangered Andean condor — its 3-meter wingspan making it the world’s heaviest flying bird. ●A Hiker’s Paradox Torres de Paine National Park offers granite (花岗岩) peaks piercing blue skies, but its fame brings challenges. Park rangers enforce strict “leave no trace” rules to protect fragile ecosystems from over 250,000 annual visitors. ●Conservation Dilemma While 30% of Patagonia is now protected, debates continue: Should dams be built on wild rivers to generate electricity? Can eco-tourism truly preserve wilderness? The answers may determine whether Patagonia’s beauty remains completely wild. 1.What is special about the Perito Moreno Glacier? A. It is called the crown jewel of the region. B. It breaks off into the lake with loud noises. C. Its role as a habitat for pumas. D. It is growing while most glaciers are melting. 2.According to the text, what’s the main concern about Torres de Paine National Park? A. The disappearance of its glaciers. B. The potential threat from dam construction. C. The impact of a large number of tourists. D. The lack of famous granite peaks. 3.What is the current situation of Patagonia’s land in terms of conservation? A. A lot of it is used for tourism. B. Most of it has been officially protected. C. Whether it can stay perfectly wild is still a question. D. People have agreed to build dams on all the rivers. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·内蒙古多校·期中）University of Hawaii scientists are among a team of researchers who have discovered an innovative way to help adapt food crops around the world to Earth’s rapidly changing climate. A new study published in Nature Climate Change reveals how plant seed banks, home to millions of genetically diverse plants around the world, can help speed up the process of breeding (培育) crops better suited for climate change. “Climate-driven pressures on food crops touch every country on our planet and this technique holds promise for making more use of our global seed banks,” said co-author Michael Kantar of the UH Manoa College of tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience (CTAHR). According to Kantar, plant seed banks are essential for protecting the genetic (基因的) diversity of food crops. These “living libraries” store seeds and other genetic material, providing a vital resource for plant breeders working to develop new crop varieties that have a range of characteristics from drought resistance to disease tolerance (忍耐力). The researchers used sorghum (高粱), a grain grown for food, fuel, and livestock feed, to test a new method called environmental genetic selection. It combines DNA data with climate information to predict which plants are best suited for future conditions. “It can be applied to any crop that has the right data, including sorghum, barley, cannabis, pepper and dozens of other crops,” said Kantar. The approach also saves time. Instead of testing thousands of plants in the field, scientists use a smaller, diverse “mini-core” group to forecast how crops will perform in different environments. This helps breeders quickly select the best parents for new, climate-resilient varieties. “This method will help us keep pace with the hotter temperatures and increased risk of flooding from Earth’s changing climate and help develop new varieties to ensure food security,” Kantar said. Researchers discovered that nations with high sorghum use may need genetic resources from other countries to effectively adapt to climate change, stressing the value of global teamwork in securing the world’s food supply. 1.What is the purpose of the study of University of Hawaii? A. To secure food supply. B. To understand plant seed banks. C. To stop climate change. D. To speed up crop harvest. 2.Why are seed banks referred to as “living libraries”? A. They replace traditional farming methods. B. They provide genetic resources for new crops. C. They store rare plants from around the world. D. They protect crops from drought or disease. 3.Which word best describes environmental genetic selection? A. Inexpensive. B. Unpractical. C. Productive. D. Inconvenient. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Strategies for Improving crop Yields B. Innovative Methods for Storing Plant Seeds C. The Role of Global Seed Banks in Agriculture D. “Living Libraries” That Fight Climate Change 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·内蒙古多校·期中）Forests play a crucial role in promoting health and well-being, but not all forests provide the same benefits. A large-scale international study, co-led by the University of Surrey and the University of Ghent, demonstrates how specific forest characteristics — such as canopy density (树冠密度) and tree species diversity — can affect various health outcomes. The research investigated 164 forests across 5 European countries, offering valuable insights for forest management and urban planning. The study examined 7 ecological characteristics of forests and their influence on human health. Tree species diversity was found to have a limited but positive effect on human health and well-being. Increasing tree species diversity is therefore considered a safe and beneficial intervention for forest managers, which also provides multiple co-benefits beyond human health, such as supporting associated non-tree biodiversity. Forest structures — particularly, the canopy structure — were found to have the strongest health impact, both with their own benefits and disadvantages. Dense canopy reduces heat stress by providing more shade and creating a more stable microclimate, while also improving air quality by increasing leaf surface area for fine particulate matter deposition (细颗粒物沉积) — both crucial elements in urban areas where heatwaves and airborne pollutants are more frequent. On the other hand, a dense canopy can also increase the risk of Lyme disease — as ticks (蜱虫) like it in wet environment — and lead to less light reaching the forest floor, which can slow the growth of medicinal plants, affecting their potential health benefits. “Our study shows that forests generally provide a mental health benefit, reducing anxiety and stress, regardless of their biodiversity or structure. Contact with forests could be prescribed (开处方) by the National Health Service (NHS), as research shows that NHS nature prescriptions are effective at improving mental health,” says Dr Melissa Marselle, a lecturer in Environmental Psychology. 1.Which factor determines the health benefits provided by a forest? A. The size of the forest. B. The history of the forest. C. The height of the forest. D. The species diversity of the forest. 2.What is a benefit of dense forest canopy? A. It increases sunlight for forest plants. B. It prevents all air pollutants effectively. C. It lowers the risk of heat-related issues. D. It reduces the sunlight that attracts ticks. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The risk of Lyme disease. B. Downside of thick canopy. C. The growth of medicinal plants. D. The potential health benefits of canopy. 4.What advice may Dr Melissa give? A. Including forest visits in mental health treatment plans. B. Linking forest access to non-tree biodiversity plans. C. Prioritizing forest biodiversity for anxiety reduction. D. Expanding canopy coverage to maximize stress relief. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Citizen science is the practice of including non-scientists in practical, meaningful scientific research projects. The best-known examples of citizen science include bird observations and weather tracking, but these are only the tip of the iceberg. Citizen science has been popular for over a century, but in recent years, citizen scientists are employed to monitor streams, observe insects and birds, monitor weather, and observe wildlife. While some types of research can be accomplished by a single scientist in a lab, many other types really depend on the collection of a very large amount of data. Certain types of data collection are especially appropriate for citizen scientists, particularly when they require relatively simple tools that are available to non-professionals. Without citizen scientists’ participation, many projects of a certain form of research would be impractical or even impossible. There were no citizen scientists during the Renaissance or the Age of Enlightenment(启蒙运动). Instead, there were amateur and “gentlemen” scientists, like Thomas Jefferson, who studied various aspects of the natural world. It wasn’t until the 1800s that the concept of a “professional” scientist emerged—and the opportunity for citizen science evolved. However, a dinosaur enthusiast may spend a great deal of time and effort finding, identifying, and collecting fossils. But if their work is not connected to a larger research study run by scientists in a professional science organization, it is not considered citizen science but amateur research. By the late 1990s, the Internet was available to a very large group of people around the world. Scientists saw the potential for engaging an international community of citizen scientists with the skills to upload information to a database from anywhere. At the same time, with the right apps in the smartphones, citizen scientists can easily identify plants and animals, measure temperature and air quality, identify colors and much more—all without spending money on research tools. Citizen scientists also use a wide range of smartphone “built-ins” such as GPS receivers and cameras, which greatly increase the value of their findings. 1.What do we know about citizen science? A. It is based on previous research. B. It has revolutionized the way we live. C. It involves a wide range of research fields. D. It is run by a non-professional science organization. 2.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The forms of citizen science. B. The application of citizen science. C. The definition of citizen science. D. The significance of citizen science. 3.What can we infer about citizen science from paragraph 3? A. Its theme stresses the culture of Europe. B. Professional scientists get involved with it. C. Thomas Jefferson was among citizen scientists. D. Citizen science came into being before the 1800s. 4.What helps the quick development of citizen science? A. The modern technology. B. The searchable database. C. The sharp rise in employment. D. The participation of more volunteers. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Some of the World’s Finest Stained Glass (彩色玻璃) Artworks La Sainte-Chapelle, France While many say that Paris’ must-see cathedral is Notre-Dame de Paris, Sainte-Chapelle should also be on the list. Louis Ⅸ ordered it to be built in 1239 to house the Crown of Thorns, a famous relic from Constantinople. Within the ceilings of the church are fifteen of the world’s finest stained glass windows. The Chicago Cultural Center, the USA While the Windy City might not house the nation’s winningest sports teams, it does have one of the world’s most eye-catching displays of stained glass. Today’s Chicago Cultural Center, which was designed as a library in 1887, has a 38-foot-tall Tiffany glass dome (圆屋顶) which is said to be the largest Tiffany dome in the world. Erawan Museum, Thailand The Erawan Museum, built in 1994, houses ancient, priceless Thai artworks. All of them are displayed within the building’s three floors, which are said to symbolize the three levels of the universe. Designed by German artist Jacob Schwarzkopf, the stained glass artwork shows five continents on Earth, with the sun delivering light, and therefore life, into all. Saint Vitus Cathedral, Czech Republic While the Czech church whose doors many travelers pass through every day was built way back in 1344, its amazing display of stained glass is a 20th-century donation from well-known Czech Art Nouveau artist Alfons Mucha. The artwork is quite fit for Prague, the city in which the stained glass is displayed. After all, it is the modern-day Czech Republic that dreamy bohemians (放荡不羁的艺术家) came from. 1.Which of the following has the longest history? A. Erawan Museum. B. La Sainte-Chapelle. C. Saint Vitus Cathedral. D. The Chicago Cultural Center. 2.Where should you go if you want to see the earth-themed stained glass? A. France. B. The USA. C. Thailand. D. Czech Republic. 3.What is special about the stained glass in Prague? A. It goes well with the city. B. It is built by Louis IX. C. It is the largest of its kind. D. It is donated by many travelers. 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Laughter is regarded as a universal language, but its social functions are more complex than they appear. Beyond expressing amusement, laughter serves as a powerful tool for building social bonds and communicating our position within a group. To explore this, a team of researchers led by Christopher Oveis, an associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, conducted a revealing study in 2016. The research focused on 48 male members of university student clubs, a setting with clear social classes. The participants were grouped into mixes of senior members (high-status) and new members (low-status), and their natural conversations were recorded. The analysis of their laughter showed a clear distinction. High-status individuals consistently produced what was classified as “dominant laughter” — characterized by being louder, more variable in pitch, and less held back. In contrast, low-status individuals exhibited “submissive laughter” —which was typically quieter, shorter, and more constrained. In a follow-up experiment, another group of students listened to recordings of these laughs. Without any other context, they consistently identified the “dominant” laughs as belonging to individuals with more influence and power within the group. This study demonstrates that laughter is far from a simple, uniform reaction to humour. It is a rich social signal, deeply woven into the fabric of our relationships and status. The act of laughing, therefore, is not just about sharing a joke; it is a nuanced performance that can both reflect and reinforce our social identity. Understanding the science behind laughter helps us appreciate its true power in our daily interactions. 1.What was the main objective of Christopher Oveis’s 2016 study? A. To prove that laughter is a universal language. B. To investigate the link between laughter and social status. C. To teach people how to use laughter to build social bonds. D. To compare the laughter frequencies of different social groups. 2.What does the underlined word “constrained” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Natural and automatic. B. Controlled and restricted. C. Loud and noticeable. D. Happy and pleasant. 3.What does the follow-up experiment suggest? A. People can accurately detect social status from laughter alone. B. Most people prefer the sound of “dominant laughter”. C. The funniness of a joke is largely overestimated. D. Group settings have little effect on how people laugh. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. Laughter as the Best Medicine B. The Role of Laughter in Social Clubs C. The Social Secret of Laughter D. The Different Types of Human Laughter 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·黑龙江两省十校联合体·期中）It was obvious with Pinocchio. Every time he told a lie his nose grew longer. But for the rest of us in real life, the result of telling lies isn’t so evident. Is it possible that there are unseen consequences to dishonesty? Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out. Drs. Lee and Hardin set up a series of studies to explore the question of dishonesty, with 250 pairs of individuals. In each pair, one was assigned (分派) the task of either lying or telling the truth. The other member of the pair was instructed to evaluate the emotions of the lying or truth-telling partner. Each of the partners was then assigned the task of evaluating the emotions of the other partner. The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth. Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on. To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors. Once again, across all the experimental studies, the researchers consistently found that those who were tempted to, and likely did lie, ended up performing worse on the test of empathetic accuracy than those who didn’t lie. We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth. 1.What is the aim of the studies? A. To teach people how to detect lies. B. To test if lying causes brain changes. C. To explain the Pinocchio Effect. D. To explore the motive for lying. 2.What does the underlined word “clouded” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Weakened. B. Monitored. C. Cleared. D. Improved. 3.What were the participants asked to do in the studies? A. To rate others’ performances. B. To identify different emotions. C. To make faces. D. To learn body languages. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The reasons for telling lies. B. The complexity of social interaction. C. The necessity of being honest. D. The application of the study. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）The experience of touch is key to babies beginning to recognize themselves in a mirror, new research shows, which usually happens when babies are about a year and a half old. “Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.” The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self-recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror-mark test for self-recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self-recognition. The researchers also observed a control group of children exposed to the laboratory experience with mirrors but not the vibrating discs. The children who touched their face more frequently recognized themselves in the mirror about two months earlier, on average, than those who typically first begin to recognize-themselves in a mirror. This indicates a possible mechanism that self-awareness can develop based on engaged experiences that human babies naturally generate. The study challenges a long-standing assumption that self-recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired. For a long time, scientists believed early recognition in the mirror was a built-in function of human brains and those of our closest primate (灵长类) relatives, rather than linked to sensory or motor experiences. “Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self-knowledge.” 1.Why do babies hit their fingers lightly at an early age? A. To explore their surroundings. B. To build up self-identification. C. To signal their self-recognition. D. To engage in playful activities. 2.How did the babies in the experiment form self-recognition? A. Through active exploration. B. By seeing vibration in mirrors. C. Through word-related response. D. By copying others’ movements. 3.What is a common misunderstanding of early-childhood self-recognition? A. It is an inborn capability. B. It develops through learning. C. It is related to experiences. D. It exists in men and animals. 4.What do the findings suggest about treating children’s motor delays? A. Staring at themselves in the mirror. B. Intervening as early as possible. C. Enhancing external motor activities. D. Having interactions with their bodies. 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Researchers in the University of New South Wales have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef (和牛肉) in a lab — a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured (实验室培养) meat that closely resemble original products. Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the researchers set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (大理石花纹) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef. By isolating beef cells, the researchers organized how the muscles, blood vessels, and fat should be stacked (堆叠). The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things. The researchers believe that proving that a wagyu steak can be accurately 3D-printed could be a big step toward a sustainable future where cultured meat can be created that closely resembles existing products. Its origins from real meat also differentiate it from plant-based options, like those created by Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. “By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling of wagyu beef but to also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Nathan, one of the project’s researchers, said in a statement. Nathan said that with these adjustments, customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they desire, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns. While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells. 1.How did the researchers make 3D-printed wagyu beef? A. By layering different meat to produce wagyu beef. B. By processing wagyu beef to join existing products. C. By shaping different tissues with stem cells of wagyu cows. D. By separating the muscles, blood vessels, and fat of wagyu cows. 2.What does Nathan probably think of the 3D-printed beef? A. It can be improved and adjusted. B. It will be replaced by better beef. C. It can replace the real beef finally. D. It will be hard to be popular among customers. 3.What does the underlined word “tailor-made” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Handmade. B. Personalized. C. Applied. D. Attached. 4.Why are Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering mentioned? A. To introduce how to 3D-print beef. B. To encourage people to make steaks. C. To show more attempts to make bio-printed steaks. D. To explain the importance of developing a rib eye steak. 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·黑龙江两省十校联合体·期中）When hunters wiped out most fruit eating birds in the tropical forest of Lambir Hills National Park by the 1990s, the skies grew duller-and in a few years so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, illuminating the critical importance of seed dispersal (分散传播) for ecosystem health. The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich. However, a team states that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or are decreasing in numbers, which could harm the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire. For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. And some plants do seem to be in big trouble. The authors came up with a list of nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions, in which both the plant and the animal are threatened or declining. “We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” Even for common, well-studied species, it’s not always apparent which dispersers are most important and whether other species might take over if they were to decline or disappear. There are some similar cases on other continents, too, including North America. But the picture there is even less clear. 1.What can be inferred from Jordi Bascompte's words? A. All seeds rely on animals’ guts to get dispersed. B. The spread of seeds plays a vital role in ecosystem health. C. Animals carry the seeds to keep ecological communities together. D. The movement of animals is more important than that of seeds for ecological balance. 2.Which of the following techniques is NOT used to make the article more persuasive? A. making comparisons B. listing numbers C. giving examples D. citing views 3.Which opinion will Andy agree with? A. What matters most is to find out all the dispersers. B. European scientists have done a great job for centuries. C. It is still unknown which dispersers certain plants are missing. D. Dispersers need a large amount of work to be looked after well. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Some plants are facing the danger of dying out. B. Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. C. Dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened. D. Ecosystem health relies on seed dispersers in many aspects. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Nature’s Hidden Light: The Secrets of Bioluminescence In the darkest depths of the ocean, a fascinating phenomenon occurs — living creatures produce their own light. This ability, called bioluminescence, is not just for show. It is a complex and crucial tool for survival, developed through millions of years of evolution. Scientists are dedicated to revealing how this mysterious “cold light” works. The fundamental process behind this light is a chemical reaction. It involves a molecule named luciferin (荧光素) and an enzyme called luciferase. When luciferin combines with oxygen, accelerated by the luciferase enzyme, light is produced. This process is highly efficient and generates almost no heat. For a long time, however, the origin of luciferin in many marine animals was a puzzle. Were they making it themselves, or getting it from their diet? A major breakthrough came from the work of Dr. Osamu Shimomura. In the 1960s, he conducted a long-term study focused on a specific type of jellyfish. Through extensive and committed experiments, his team managed to isolate two key proteins: one that produces blue light and the famous green fluorescent protein (GFP). This foundational work, which later earned him a Nobel Prize, provided the essential basis for future research. The question of where luciferin comes from was further addressed by Dr. Steven Haddock and his team. In a 2018 project, they employed advanced underwater robots to gather and examine numerous deep-sea organisms. Their analysis showed that many different species shared the same luciferin. This significant finding suggested that these animals were not producing the molecule internally. Instead, they were likely obtaining it through their diet, creating a hidden network where this vital substance is transferred through the food chain. The revelation of these natural secrets has profoundly transformed modern science. The GFP protein, for instance, has become an essential tool in biology and medicine. By attaching the GFP gene to other genes, scientists can now witness and track processes like the growth of diseases or the development of nerves in real time, turning a natural wonder into a powerful scientific asset. 1.What was the main goal of Dr. Shimomura’s research? A. To find new species of jellyfish in the deep ocean. B. To prove that bioluminescence could be used for lighting. C. To identify and separate the glowing proteins from a jellyfish. D. To study the eating habits of bioluminescent creatures. 2.What may Dr. Haddock’s team agree with? A. All marine organisms have the same genes to produce it. B. It is passed along the food chain when animals eat each other. C. The luciferin is produced by underwater robots. D. Sunlight triggers its production in the deep sea. 3.What is a major application of GFP in scientific research today? A. It serves as a primary food source in laboratories. B. It helps generate heat for chemical reactions. C. It enables the visual tracking of biological activities. D. It is used to create decorative lights for cities. 4.What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this article? A. To encourage tourism to see bioluminescent bays. B. To describe the career paths of famous chemists. C. To explain the science behind a natural wonder and its research breakthroughs. D. To argue that all deep-sea creatures possess high intelligence. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Josh Primm has just moved to New York City with his parents. He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile. Lyle is no ordinary crocodile. For one thing, he sings. Josh’s parents are terrified of him at first, but Lyle soon becomes part of the family. When Mr. Grumps, their unfriendly neighbor, threatens to have Lyle taken away, the Primms pull together to protect the creature. Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile is a musical comedy based on the popular children’s books by Bernard Waber. Josh is played by Winslow Fegley, 13. He said he came to understand the shy boy. “Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.” The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.” Winslow has the same admiration for everyone involved in making the movie. “All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.” The film also stars Constance Wu as Josh’s mom and Javier Bardem as Hector P. Valenti, Lyle’s owner. “With all these very talented people,” Winslow said, “we made an amazing film that’s great, hopefully, for all ages.” Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile opened in theaters on October 7. 1.What did Lyle do in the story? A. He taught Josh to sing. B. He helped Jos h overcome his shyness. C. He invited Josh to a crocodile concert. D. He competed with Jos h in a talent show. 2.What is the movie Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile mainly about? A. Winslow Fegley struggles to become an actor. B. Lyle, a crocodile, becomes a pop star in New York City. C. Josh adapts to a new school with the help of a crocodile. D. The Primm family’s neighbor tries to drive their pet crocodile away. 3.How did Ben’s Lyle affect Winslow? A. It challenged him to act against a pre- recorded voice. B. It simplified the process of working with special effects. C. It allowed him to practice communicating with a crocodile. D. It enabled him to perform better in his role. 4.What does Winslow Fegley admire about the film’s special effects team? A. Their work with actor Ben Palacios. B. Their creation of a lovable character. C. Their ability to make Lyle look harmless. D. Their contribution to the film’s music. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·吉林联盟校考试-10月·期中）You’ve probably heard that brick-and-mortar retail (实体零售) is in trouble. Even industry giants are closing hundreds of stores. Given retail’s gradual change from physical stores to mobile and e-commerce (电子商务), you may be wondering, “What will retail look like in the future?” Nobody knows. But here are a few things you can expect to see based on current technology. Super-fast delivery is coming. Today, the normal practice is two-day delivery. But if you’ve been paying attention, you know that’s changing. In fact, up to 25% of consumers said that they would abandon their orders if one-day delivery wasn’t available. Of course, that’s just the beginning. Two-hour delivery is coming in the foreseeable future, and Amazon has already been trying 30-minute delivery. Your kitchen will resupply itself. You won’t have to worry about running out of essentials like coffee, pet food or snacks because your containers will sense stocks (库存) and replace those items without you having to lift a finger. No more waking up to find your coffee store is empty or last-minute rush to the grocery store because you forget to buy pet food. Know exactly what’s in stock and where to get it. Have you ever gone to a store hoping to buy something, only to learn that it was out of stock? A new feature from Google Home allows people to ask the Google Assistant to find in-stock products at the closest store. For example: “Google, where can I find the Nintendo Switch console?” The assistant will tell you how many stores have it right away and how close they are. Of course, it isn’t currently available for all stores in all locations, but you can already see the future when it has become standard. Convenience, experience, and options-retail will take on a new look. 1.What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. It is possible to deliver goods within two hours in the future. B. Consumers can’t get their orders in one day now. C. The delivery will be in two days in the future. D. Super-fast delivery has widely been used now. 2.The author primarily illustrates the future of retail by _____? A. Analyzing data and citing research. B. Listing examples of future tech applications. C. Comparing pros and cons of online and physical retail. D. Proposing theories and using logical arguments. 3.According to the passage, what will happen in the future? A. Retail will disappear gradually. B. Industrial giants will rule the whole retail trade. C. People will ask the Google Assistant to purchase goods. D. Shopping will be more convenient and effective. 4.What’s the best title for the passage? A. How Will New Technology Change the World? B. What Will Retail Be Like in the Future? C. How Will We Run the Retail Trade in the Future? D. What Benefits Will High-tech Bring in the Future? 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·辽宁沈阳五校协作体·期中）Chicago Booth’s Christopher K. Hsee is a behavioral scientist focusing on what he calls hedonomics (幸福经济学). Rather than studying how to produce more “stuff”, hedonomics studies how to extract more happiness from the existing objects. Hsee and his Chicago Booth colleague Reid Hastie redefined the term in 2008. Their idea of hedonomics is based on the idea that people don’t need more resources to be happier; they need to use existing resources differently. For example, suppose a child enjoys playing with wooden blocks at first but grows tired of them. Hedonomics suggests the child doesn’t need more blocks to be happy; she needs to change how she plays with those blocks. The same principle applies to experiences. Instead of watching a TV show without control, watch two episodes (集) per day. Or better yet, apply another method: say you have six episodes to watch. You could watch two a day, or you could watch one on the first day, two on the second day, and three on the third day. That’s an increasing order. Or you could do the opposite, in a decreasing order, by watching three at the start and winding down. Instead of making full use of their resources, many people instead seek to add resources. Hsee, who has devoted much of the past decade to researching hedonomics, says that can have the opposite effect and lead to a phenomenon known as the “hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机)”. This phrase refers to the tendency of people enjoying happiness temporarily and keeping on finding new positive stimulation. Hsee, who grew up in China, recalls when “just having the ability to buy a cheap bicycle” in his city was a big deal. But by 2012 in China, nearly every family in cities had, on average, a color TV, air conditioner, washing machine, and refrigerator. Almost nine in ten had a personal computer. Hsee sees his friends, some now able to afford expensive cars, stuck on the hedonic treadmill as they seek to get more well-being. The problem is that it takes more and more things to make people happy. 1.What is the meaning of hedonomics? A. Following your ideas. B. Producing more resources. C. Pursuing what you want. D. Treasuring what you have. 2.What does the underlined part “winding down” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Watching closely. B. Reducing gradually. C. Observing carefully. D. Checking regularly. 3.What do people do when they are on the hedonic treadmill? A. They try to get more. B. They use resources wisely. C. They tend to be more positive. D. They lack material enjoyment. 4.What does the author truly want to convey in the last paragraph? A. People are content with their income. B. China’s economy is developing fast. C. One’s desires can hardly be satisfied. D. It’s impossible to achieve real happiness. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·吉林联盟校考试-10月·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Colored Lotus to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵). The gelatinized (糊化) power also serves as a materials for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1.What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A. Developing new 3D printers. B. Creating traditional steel nail implants. C. Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. D. Producing functional foods from lotus roots. 2.What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A. They are cheaper to produce. B. They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. C. They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. D. They have lower immune rejection rates. 3.What is a potential future application of the gelatinized lotus root powder mentioned in the article? A. 3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. B. Construction materials for bridges. C. Fuel for vehicles. D. Clothing for athletes. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work on lotus fiber scaffolds? A. Skeptical and critical. B. Neutral and indifferent. C. Confused and uncertain. D. Enthusiastic and supportive. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.C3.D4B 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.D2.C3.C 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4D 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.C3.A 主题语境03人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.C 主题语境04人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.D 主题语境05人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C 主题语境06人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.C 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4B 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 213 西学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体-11月·期中）A new study finds younger adults look and feel older on stressful days. “Substantial research tells us stress makes older adults feel their age, or even feel older than they actually are,” says psychology professor Shevaun Neupert, the corresponding author of the new study. “And the literature tells us that when seniors feel older than they actually are, it is associated with many negative health outcomes. However, there is little research examining this issue in younger adults. This work may be particularly timely, as stress researchers are seeing an increase in the amount of stress younger adults are experiencing now.” The study covered 107 younger adults between the ages of 18 and 36, who completed detailed daily surveys for eight continuous days. The surveys were designed to capture how much stress they were experiencing each day, how much control they felt they had over their lives that day, and how old they felt and looked on that day. “The key finding was that on days when study participants reported experiencing higher levels of stress than they normally did, they also reported looking and feeling older,” Neupert says. “However, this was only true on days when study participants also reported feeling that they had less control over their lives than they normally did. Besides, both the levels of stress and the levels of control were relative.” “For one thing, this tells us that the phenomenon of stress making people feel older is not limited to older adults,” Neupert says. “It’s also important because we know that experiencing stress over time can have negative effects and that people generally report increasing levels of stress as they move from young adulthood to midlife. If these young people are already experiencing historically high levels of stress for their age, and that stress is affecting how old they feel, it will be important for us to pay close attention to the markers we use to assess stress-related physical and mental health for this generation.” 1.Why did Neupert carry out the study? A. To fill a gap in existing research. B. To correct previous misunderstandings. C. To improve the living conditions of adults. D. To help seniors to understand younger adults. 2.What research method was mainly used in the study? A. Literature review. B. Scientific observations. C. Survey data analysis. D. Psychological experiments. 3.Which can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Adults are especially subject to stress. B. Stress impacts depend on perceived control. C. Living an abnormal life makes people look older. D. Being under others’ control can harm one’s health. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Stress is speeding old people’s aging process B. Stress levels are rising among younger adults C. Wiry younger adults pay attention to their ages D. How younger adults’ perception of stress affects aging 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于压力如何影响年轻人对自身年龄感知及外貌感受的研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, there is little research examining this issue in younger adults. (然而，很少有研究在年轻人身上研究这个问题。)”可知，Neupert开展研究是为了填补现有研究中缺少对年轻人的关注这一空白。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study covered 107 younger adults between the ages of 18 and 36, who completed detailed daily surveys for eight continuous days. (该研究涵盖了107名年龄在18至36岁之间的年轻人，他们连续八天完成了详细的每日调查。)”可知，研究主要采用了调查数据分析的方法。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, this was only true on days when study participants also reported feeling that they had less control over their lives than they normally did. (然而，只有在研究参与者也报告说他们对生活的控制比平时少的日子里，情况才是如此。)”可推知，压力的影响取决于对控制力的感知。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A new study finds younger adults look and feel older on stressful days. (一项新的研究发现，年轻人在压力大的日子里看起来和感觉都变老了。)”以及后文对这项研究的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于压力如何影响年轻人对自身年龄感知及外貌感受的研究，所以D选项How younger adults’ perception of stress affects aging (年轻人对压力的感知如何影响衰老)”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）Violence is a central concept for describing social relationships among humans, a concept loaded with ethical and political significance. Verbal violence, most often also labeled verbal abuse, is a common variety of violence, which contains a relatively large range. of behaviors, including accusing, undermining, verbal threatening, ordering, trivializing (轻视), constant forgetting, silencing, name-calling, open criticizing. It is compatible (共存的) with other forms of violence, including physical violence and psychological violence. For instance, in most bullying behaviors we do find all three kinds of violence (and verbal violence seems to be the most essential form of violence to bullying — you can have no bullying without verbal threat.) As with psychological violence, the question is posed of what sorts of reactions may be regarded as legitimate (合法的) with respect to verbal violence. Does a verbal threat give someone the leeway (余地) to respond with physical violence? We do find two quite distinct camps here: according to some, no act of verbal violence may justify a physically violent reaction; according to another camp, instead, verbally violent behavior may be as damaging, if not more damaging, than physically violent behaviors. On the other hand, verbal violence may be sometimes seen also as a form of liberation for the most oppressed. The exercise of humor may be in some cases involved with some forms of verbal violence: from politically incorrect jokes to simple mocking, humor may seem a manner to exercise violence over other people. At the same time, humor is amongst the most gentle tools for social protests, as it requires no special wealth and probably causes no physical damage and need not cause great psychological distress. The exercise of verbal violence, perhaps more than any other forms of violence, requires a continuous check on the part of the speaker of the reactions to their words: humans almost invariably end up exercising violence over each other; it is only by educating ourselves to try and keep from behaviors that our acquaintances do find violent that we may be able to live peacefully. 1.Which of the following is true about verbal violence according to the first paragraph? A. It is not related to ethical or political issues. B. It only includes name-calling and public criticism. C. It can be found in most bullying behaviors. D. It is not compatible with other forms of violence. 2.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Legitimate response to verbal violence is of major concern. B. Act of verbal violence justifies and authorizes a physical reaction. C. Verbal violence is undoubtedly as destructive as physical violence. D. Verbal violence has no essential difference with psychological violence. 3.Why is humor regarded as one of the gentlest tools for social protests? A. Because the poor can also use humor for social protests. B. Because it will not cost the interests of the protester. C. Because it is more acceptable than other forms of violence. D. Because it will only result in mild consequences. 4.What does this passage mainly talk about? A. How to respond to verbal violence properly. B. Explaining what verbal violence is. C. How to correctly view verbal violence. D. The different types of verbal violence. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“言语暴力”这一主题展开，探讨言语暴力作为暴力形式之一，其定义、合法性争议及对个人和社会的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For instance, in most bullying behaviors we do find all three kinds of violence(and verbal violence seems to be the most essential form of violence to bullying—you can have no bullying without verbal threat.)(例如，在大多数欺凌行为中，我们确实发现了这三种暴力形式（言语暴力似乎是欺凌行为中最基本的暴力形式——没有言语威胁就不可能有欺凌）)”可知，言语暴力可以在大多数欺凌行为中找到。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As with psychological violence, the question is posed of what sorts of reactions may be regarded as legitimate(合法的)with respect to verbal violence. Does a verbal threat give someone the leeway(余地)to respond with physical violence? We do find two quite distinct camps here: according to some, no act of verbal violence may justify a physically violent reaction; according to another camp, instead, verbally violent behavior may be as damaging, if not more damaging, than physically violent behaviors.(就像心理暴力一样，问题在于对于言语暴力，什么样的反应可以被视为合法的。言语威胁是否给了某人以身体暴力回应的余地？在这里，我们确实发现了两个截然不同的阵营：一些人认为，任何言语暴力行为都不能成为身体暴力反应的正当理由；而另一个阵营则认为，言语暴力行为如果不比身体暴力行为更具破坏性，那么也至少同样具有破坏性。)”可知，对言语暴力的合法回应是文章的一个主要关注点。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the same time, humor is amongst the most gentle tools for social protests, as it requires no special wealth and probably causes no physical damage and need not cause great psychological distress.(同时，幽默是社会抗议中最温和的工具之一，因为它不需要特别的财富，可能不会造成身体伤害，也不一定会造成巨大的心理困扰。)”可知，幽默不需要特别的财富，可能不会造成身体伤害，也不一定会造成巨大的心理困扰，也就是说幽默不会损害抗议者的自身利益。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段主要介绍了言语暴力的定义和表现形式；第二段讨论了对于言语暴力，什么样的反应可以被视为合法的；第三段则讨论了言语暴力在不同情境下可能产生的不同影响，并强调了对于言语暴力的实施，需要说话者不断检查其言语对他人的反应。整体来看，文章并不是在单纯地解释什么是言语暴力或列举其类型，而是在探讨如何正确地看待和处理言语暴力这一问题。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽西重点高中-11月·期中）Imagine a world in 2050 where cities are full of autonomous vehicles, AI-driven assistants (助手) perfectly fit into our daily routines, and virtual landscapes coexist with reality. From technological advances to climate change impacts, the next few decades will undoubtedly reshape the structure of our existence. In this new era, artificial intelligence and robotics will take center stage, transforming how we interact with our environment and one another. They will have evolved from mere tools to companions (同伴) that predict our needs and desires. The once-distant dream of having AI-driven personal assistants is now a reality, as they manage our schedules, handle our communications, and offer personalized recommendations with extraordinary accuracy. However, as we fast-forward to 2050, one cannot help but think about the huge effects of climate change on our planet. At present, most of us are lacking the imagination of what daily life will be like when we have slashed our carbon emissions (碳排放), from our homes and food to travel and the landscapes around us. What follows is an attempt to show you how a day will look in a net zero greenhouse gas emissions world. Edie Vaughan, a young girl in 2050, lives in Toronto, Canada, a place that is among the most popular destinations for its healthy climate and clean water resources. There are forests, and giant machines taking carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) out of the atmosphere. At that time, there are no office or industrial jobs anymore: artificial intelligence and robots have taken care of that. The few jobs left are in service, culture or health care. Luckily, Edie has her job. Every morning, she checks the balance in her Personal Carbon Allowance (PCA) account to see if she has enough to buy another battery for her e-bike. If she doesn’t have enough then she will have to buy carbon credits, and they are expensive. This story of 2050 is one of hope and possibility — a reminder that while enjoying the convenience brought by technological progress, we should also be responsible for the environment. 1.What does the author mainly discuss in paragraph 2? A. The advancement of autonomous vehicles. B. The use of AI-driven personal assistants. C. The interaction between man and nature. D. The role of AI and robotics in daily life. 2.What does the underlined word “slashed” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Increased. B. Clarified. C. Reduced. D. Adjusted. 3.What is one factor for Canada being a popular destination? A. Plentiful water. B. Health care. C. Advanced technology. D. Pleasant weather. 4.What does the author intend to tell us? A. A look into Edie Vaughan’s Life. B. What our life will be like in 2050. C. Technology helps control environment. D. How we can handle the climate change. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要畅想了2050年科技与气候变化对人类生活的影响，描绘了人工智能和机器人如何融入日常生活，以及在实现零温室气体排放的世界中，人们如何适应新的生活方式。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In this new era, artificial intelligence and robotics will take center stage, transforming how we interact with our environment and one another. They will have evolved from mere tools to companions (同伴) that predict our needs and desires. The once-distant dream of having AI-driven personal assistants is now a reality, as they manage our schedules, handle our communications, and offer personalized recommendations with extraordinary accuracy.(在这个新时代，人工智能和机器人将占据中心舞台，改变我们与环境以及彼此互动的方式。它们将从单纯的工具演变成能够预测我们需求和欲望的伙伴。由人工智能驱动的个人助理这个曾经遥不可及的梦想如今已成为现实，它们管理我们的日程安排，处理我们的通讯，并以极高的准确度提供个性化建议)”可知，第二段主要讨论了人工智能和机器人在日常生活中的角色。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。划线词下文“What follows is an attempt to show you how a day will look in a net zero greenhouse gas emissions world.(接下来将为您呈现零温室气体净排放世界中的一日生活图景)”提出“零温室气体净排放世界”，这是“when we have slashed our carbon emissions (碳排放), from our homes and food to travel and the landscapes around us.(当碳排放从我们的住房和食物、出行以及周围的景观都被大幅slashed后)”的结果。所以划线词slashed意为“减少”时，和C项“Reduced”意思相近。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Edie Vaughan, a young girl in 2050, lives in Toronto, Canada, a place that is among the most popular destinations for its healthy climate and clean water resources.(2050年，一个名叫Edie Vaughan的小女孩住在加拿大的多伦多，这个地方因其健康的气候和清洁的水资源而成为最受欢迎的目的地之一)”可知，加拿大成为受欢迎的目的地的一个因素是宜人的天气。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Imagine a world in 2050 where cities are full of autonomous vehicles, AI-driven assistants (助手) perfectly fit into our daily routines, and virtual landscapes coexist with reality. From technological advances to climate change impacts, the next few decades will undoubtedly reshape the structure of our existence.(想象一下2050年的世界，城市里到处都是自动驾驶汽车，人工智能驱动的助手完美地融入我们的日常生活，虚拟景观与现实共存。从技术进步到气候变化的影响，未来几十年无疑将重塑我们的生存结构)”和最后一段“This story of 2050 is one of hope and possibility — a reminder that while enjoying the convenience brought by technological progress, we should also be responsible for the environment.(这个2050年的故事充满了希望和可能性——它提醒我们，在享受技术进步带来的便利的同时，我们也应该对环境负责)”可知，文章主要畅想了2050年科技与气候变化对人类生活的影响，作者意在告诉我们2050年我们的生活会是什么样子。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·吉林吉林市·期中）The Untouched Beauty of Patagonia Located in both Chile and Argentina at the southern tip of South America, Patagonia remains one of the planet’s last wild frontiers. Its landscapes — carved by ancient glaciers and shaped by constant winds — tell a story of elemental forces at work. ●The Ice Giants The region’s crown jewels are its 48 glaciers, including the Perito Moreno Glacier. Unlike most glaciers melting away due to climate change, this 30-km-long ice river still advances daily, carving massive icebergs into Lake Argentino with thunderous booms. Scientists monitor it as a climate “benchmark.” ●The Steppe’s Secrets East of the Andes, the Patagonian Steppe seems barren (贫瘠的) at first glance. Yet this plain protects wildlife like guanacos, elusive pumas, and the endangered Andean condor — its 3-meter wingspan making it the world’s heaviest flying bird. ●A Hiker’s Paradox Torres de Paine National Park offers granite (花岗岩) peaks piercing blue skies, but its fame brings challenges. Park rangers enforce strict “leave no trace” rules to protect fragile ecosystems from over 250,000 annual visitors. ●Conservation Dilemma While 30% of Patagonia is now protected, debates continue: Should dams be built on wild rivers to generate electricity? Can eco-tourism truly preserve wilderness? The answers may determine whether Patagonia’s beauty remains completely wild. 1.What is special about the Perito Moreno Glacier? A. It is called the crown jewel of the region. B. It breaks off into the lake with loud noises. C. Its role as a habitat for pumas. D. It is growing while most glaciers are melting. 2.According to the text, what’s the main concern about Torres de Paine National Park? A. The disappearance of its glaciers. B. The potential threat from dam construction. C. The impact of a large number of tourists. D. The lack of famous granite peaks. 3.What is the current situation of Patagonia’s land in terms of conservation? A. A lot of it is used for tourism. B. Most of it has been officially protected. C. Whether it can stay perfectly wild is still a question. D. People have agreed to build dams on all the rivers. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍位于南美南端的巴塔哥尼亚的原始美景，包括冰川、草原、徒步胜地及当前面临的保护困境。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Ice Giants”部分中的“Unlike most glaciers melting away due to climate change, this 30-km-long ice river still advances daily, carving massive icebergs into Lake Argentino with thunderous booms.(与大多数因气候变化而融化的冰川不同，这条30公里长的冰河仍在每日向前推进，伴随着雷鸣般的巨响，使巨大的冰山崩解落入阿根廷湖。)”可知，佩里托莫雷诺冰川的特别之处在于，在大多数冰川融化的情况下，它仍在不断推进（生长）。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“A Hiker’s Paradox”部分中的“Torres de Paine National Park offers granite (花岗岩) peaks piercing blue skies, but its fame brings challenges. Park rangers enforce strict “leave no trace” rules to protect fragile ecosystems from over 250,000 annual visitors.(托雷斯德潘恩国家公园拥有刺破蓝天的花岗岩山峰，但其名气也带来了挑战。公园管理员执行严格的“无痕”规则，以保护脆弱的生态系统免受每年超过25万名游客的影响。)”可知，该公园的主要担忧是大量游客对脆弱生态系统可能造成的冲击。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Conservation Dilemma”部分中的“While 30% of Patagonia is now protected, debates continue: Should dams be built on wild rivers to generate electricity? Can eco-tourism truly preserve wilderness? The answers may determine whether Patagonia’s beauty remains completely wild.(虽然巴塔哥尼亚目前有30%的土地受到保护，但争议仍在继续：是否应该在野生河流上修建水坝发电？生态旅游真的能保护荒野吗？这些答案可能会决定巴塔哥尼亚的美景是否能保持完全的原始状态。)”可知，巴塔哥尼亚目前的土地保护状况是，其能否保持完全原始状态仍是一个有待解答的问题。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·内蒙古多校·期中）University of Hawaii scientists are among a team of researchers who have discovered an innovative way to help adapt food crops around the world to Earth’s rapidly changing climate. A new study published in Nature Climate Change reveals how plant seed banks, home to millions of genetically diverse plants around the world, can help speed up the process of breeding (培育) crops better suited for climate change. “Climate-driven pressures on food crops touch every country on our planet and this technique holds promise for making more use of our global seed banks,” said co-author Michael Kantar of the UH Manoa College of tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience (CTAHR). According to Kantar, plant seed banks are essential for protecting the genetic (基因的) diversity of food crops. These “living libraries” store seeds and other genetic material, providing a vital resource for plant breeders working to develop new crop varieties that have a range of characteristics from drought resistance to disease tolerance (忍耐力). The researchers used sorghum (高粱), a grain grown for food, fuel, and livestock feed, to test a new method called environmental genetic selection. It combines DNA data with climate information to predict which plants are best suited for future conditions. “It can be applied to any crop that has the right data, including sorghum, barley, cannabis, pepper and dozens of other crops,” said Kantar. The approach also saves time. Instead of testing thousands of plants in the field, scientists use a smaller, diverse “mini-core” group to forecast how crops will perform in different environments. This helps breeders quickly select the best parents for new, climate-resilient varieties. “This method will help us keep pace with the hotter temperatures and increased risk of flooding from Earth’s changing climate and help develop new varieties to ensure food security,” Kantar said. Researchers discovered that nations with high sorghum use may need genetic resources from other countries to effectively adapt to climate change, stressing the value of global teamwork in securing the world’s food supply. 1.What is the purpose of the study of University of Hawaii? A. To secure food supply. B. To understand plant seed banks. C. To stop climate change. D. To speed up crop harvest. 2.Why are seed banks referred to as “living libraries”? A. They replace traditional farming methods. B. They provide genetic resources for new crops. C. They store rare plants from around the world. D. They protect crops from drought or disease. 3.Which word best describes environmental genetic selection? A. Inexpensive. B. Unpractical. C. Productive. D. Inconvenient. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Strategies for Improving crop Yields B. Innovative Methods for Storing Plant Seeds C. The Role of Global Seed Banks in Agriculture D. “Living Libraries” That Fight Climate Change 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏威夷大学研究人员发现的一种利用植物种子库帮助粮食作物适应气候变化的创新方法。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“University of Hawaii scientists are among a team of researchers who have discovered an innovative way to help adapt food crops around the world to Earth’s rapidly changing climate. (夏威夷大学的科学家们参与的一个研究团队发现了一种创新方法，可以帮助世界各地的粮食作物适应地球快速变化的气候)”以及第二段中“Climate-driven pressures on food crops touch every country on our planet and this technique holds promise for making more use of our global seed banks (气候因素对粮食作物造成的压力波及全球各个国家，而这项技术有望让我们更好地利用全球种子库资源)”可推知，该研究的目的是保障粮食供应。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“These “living libraries” store seeds and other genetic material, providing a vital resource for plant breeders working to develop new crop varieties that have a range of characteristics from drought resistance to disease tolerance (忍耐力). (这些“活的图书馆”储存种子和其他遗传物质，为植物育种家提供重要资源，这些育种家致力于培育具有从抗旱到抗病等一系列特性的新作物品种)”可知，种子库被称为“活的图书馆”是因为它们为新作物提供遗传资源。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段“The approach also saves time. Instead of testing thousands of plants in the field, scientists use a smaller, diverse “mini-core” group to forecast how crops will perform in different environments. This helps breeders quickly select the best parents for new, climate-resilient varieties. (这种方法还能节省时间。科学家们不用在田间测试数千株植物，而是使用一个更小、更多样化的“迷你核心”群体来预测作物在不同环境中的表现。这有助于育种家快速为新的、耐气候的品种选择最佳亲本)”可推知，这种方法是有成效的。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“A new study published in Nature Climate Change reveals how plant seed banks, home to millions of genetically diverse plants around the world, can help speed up the process of breeding (培育) crops better suited for climate change. (发表于《自然・气候变化》的一项新研究揭示，全球各地储存着数百万种遗传多样性植物的种子库，能够如何助力加快培育更适应气候变化的作物的进程)”可知，文章围绕植物种子库(“活的图书馆”)帮助作物适应气候变化的作用展开，D选项“对抗气候变化的‘活的图书馆’”最适合作为标题。故选D。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·内蒙古多校·期中）Forests play a crucial role in promoting health and well-being, but not all forests provide the same benefits. A large-scale international study, co-led by the University of Surrey and the University of Ghent, demonstrates how specific forest characteristics — such as canopy density (树冠密度) and tree species diversity — can affect various health outcomes. The research investigated 164 forests across 5 European countries, offering valuable insights for forest management and urban planning. The study examined 7 ecological characteristics of forests and their influence on human health. Tree species diversity was found to have a limited but positive effect on human health and well-being. Increasing tree species diversity is therefore considered a safe and beneficial intervention for forest managers, which also provides multiple co-benefits beyond human health, such as supporting associated non-tree biodiversity. Forest structures — particularly, the canopy structure — were found to have the strongest health impact, both with their own benefits and disadvantages. Dense canopy reduces heat stress by providing more shade and creating a more stable microclimate, while also improving air quality by increasing leaf surface area for fine particulate matter deposition (细颗粒物沉积) — both crucial elements in urban areas where heatwaves and airborne pollutants are more frequent. On the other hand, a dense canopy can also increase the risk of Lyme disease — as ticks (蜱虫) like it in wet environment — and lead to less light reaching the forest floor, which can slow the growth of medicinal plants, affecting their potential health benefits. “Our study shows that forests generally provide a mental health benefit, reducing anxiety and stress, regardless of their biodiversity or structure. Contact with forests could be prescribed (开处方) by the National Health Service (NHS), as research shows that NHS nature prescriptions are effective at improving mental health,” says Dr Melissa Marselle, a lecturer in Environmental Psychology. 1.Which factor determines the health benefits provided by a forest? A. The size of the forest. B. The history of the forest. C. The height of the forest. D. The species diversity of the forest. 2.What is a benefit of dense forest canopy? A. It increases sunlight for forest plants. B. It prevents all air pollutants effectively. C. It lowers the risk of heat-related issues. D. It reduces the sunlight that attracts ticks. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The risk of Lyme disease. B. Downside of thick canopy. C. The growth of medicinal plants. D. The potential health benefits of canopy. 4.What advice may Dr Melissa give? A. Including forest visits in mental health treatment plans. B. Linking forest access to non-tree biodiversity plans. C. Prioritizing forest biodiversity for anxiety reduction. D. Expanding canopy coverage to maximize stress relief. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项国际研究，该研究探讨了森林的不同特征对人类健康的影响，强调了森林在促进健康和福祉方面的重要作用，同时也指出了并非所有森林都能提供相同的益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tree species diversity was found to have a limited but positive effect on human health and well-being.(研究发现，树种多样性对人类健康和福祉的影响有限，但却是积极的。)”可知，森林的物种多样性是决定森林提供的健康益处的因素。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Dense canopy reduces heat stress by providing more shade and creating a more stable microclimate(茂密的树冠通过提供更多的阴凉和创造更稳定的微气候来减少热应激)”可知，茂密的森林树冠的好处是它降低了与热相关问题的风险。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段“On the other hand, a dense canopy can also increase the risk of Lyme disease — as ticks (蜱虫) like it in wet environment — and lead to less light reaching the forest floor, which can slow the growth of medicinal plants, affecting their potential health benefits.(另一方面，茂密的树冠也会增加莱姆病的风险，因为蜱虫喜欢潮湿的环境，而且会导致到达森林地面的光线减少，这会减缓药用植物的生长，影响它们的潜在健康益处。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是茂密树冠的缺点。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our study shows that forests generally provide a mental health benefit, reducing anxiety and stress, regardless of their biodiversity or structure. Contact with forests could be prescribed (开处方) by the National Health Service (NHS), as research shows that NHS nature prescriptions are effective at improving mental health(我们的研究表明，森林通常对心理健康有益，可以减少焦虑和压力，无论其生物多样性或结构如何。国家卫生服务机构可以开出与森林接触的处方，因为研究表明，国家卫生服务机构的自然处方对改善心理健康有效)”可知，梅利莎博士可能会建议将森林游览纳入心理健康治疗计划。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Citizen science is the practice of including non-scientists in practical, meaningful scientific research projects. The best-known examples of citizen science include bird observations and weather tracking, but these are only the tip of the iceberg. Citizen science has been popular for over a century, but in recent years, citizen scientists are employed to monitor streams, observe insects and birds, monitor weather, and observe wildlife. While some types of research can be accomplished by a single scientist in a lab, many other types really depend on the collection of a very large amount of data. Certain types of data collection are especially appropriate for citizen scientists, particularly when they require relatively simple tools that are available to non-professionals. Without citizen scientists’ participation, many projects of a certain form of research would be impractical or even impossible. There were no citizen scientists during the Renaissance or the Age of Enlightenment(启蒙运动). Instead, there were amateur and “gentlemen” scientists, like Thomas Jefferson, who studied various aspects of the natural world. It wasn’t until the 1800s that the concept of a “professional” scientist emerged—and the opportunity for citizen science evolved. However, a dinosaur enthusiast may spend a great deal of time and effort finding, identifying, and collecting fossils. But if their work is not connected to a larger research study run by scientists in a professional science organization, it is not considered citizen science but amateur research. By the late 1990s, the Internet was available to a very large group of people around the world. Scientists saw the potential for engaging an international community of citizen scientists with the skills to upload information to a database from anywhere. At the same time, with the right apps in the smartphones, citizen scientists can easily identify plants and animals, measure temperature and air quality, identify colors and much more—all without spending money on research tools. Citizen scientists also use a wide range of smartphone “built-ins” such as GPS receivers and cameras, which greatly increase the value of their findings. 1.What do we know about citizen science? A. It is based on previous research. B. It has revolutionized the way we live. C. It involves a wide range of research fields. D. It is run by a non-professional science organization. 2.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The forms of citizen science. B. The application of citizen science. C. The definition of citizen science. D. The significance of citizen science. 3.What can we infer about citizen science from paragraph 3? A. Its theme stresses the culture of Europe. B. Professional scientists get involved with it. C. Thomas Jefferson was among citizen scientists. D. Citizen science came into being before the 1800s. 4.What helps the quick development of citizen science? A. The modern technology. B. The searchable database. C. The sharp rise in employment. D. The participation of more volunteers. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍公民科学的定义、涵盖领域、发展历程，以及现代技术对其快速发展的推动作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“citizen scientists are employed to monitor streams, observe insects and birds, monitor weather, and observe wildlife (公民科学家受雇监测溪流、观察昆虫和鸟类、监测天气以及观察野生动物)”可知，公民科学涉及多个研究领域，范围广泛。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“While some types of research can be accomplished by a single scientist in a lab, many other types really depend on the collection of a very large amount of data. Certain types of data collection are especially appropriate for citizen scientists, particularly when they require relatively simple tools that are available to non-professionals. Without citizen scientists’ participation, many projects of a certain form of research would be impractical or even impossible.(虽然有些类型的研究可由单一科学家在实验室完成，但许多其他类型的研究确实依赖于大量数据的收集。某些类型的数据收集特别适合公民科学家参与，尤其是当这些工作所需的工具相对简单、非专业人士也能获取时。如果没有公民科学家的参与，某些形式的研究项目将难以实施，甚至根本无法开展)”可知，该段重点阐述公民科学在科研中的重要意义。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But if their work is not connected to a larger research study run by scientists in a professional science organization, it is not considered citizen science (但是如果他们的工作没有与专业科学组织中科学家开展的大型研究相关联，就不能被视为公民科学)”可知，公民科学需要专业科学家的参与。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By the late 1990s, the Internet was available to a very large group of people around the world.(到 20 世纪 90 年代末，互联网已被全球大量人群所使用)”和“At the same time, with the right apps in the smartphones, citizen scientists can easily identify plants and animals, measure temperature and air quality, identify colors and much more—all without spending money on research tools.(与此同时，借助智能手机上的合适应用程序，公民科学家可以轻松识别动植物、测量温度与空气质量、辨别颜色等诸多操作 —— 所有这些都无需花费资金购买研究工具)”可知，互联网和智能手机等现代技术为公民科学提供了便利，推动其快速发展。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Some of the World’s Finest Stained Glass (彩色玻璃) Artworks La Sainte-Chapelle, France While many say that Paris’ must-see cathedral is Notre-Dame de Paris, Sainte-Chapelle should also be on the list. Louis Ⅸ ordered it to be built in 1239 to house the Crown of Thorns, a famous relic from Constantinople. Within the ceilings of the church are fifteen of the world’s finest stained glass windows. The Chicago Cultural Center, the USA While the Windy City might not house the nation’s winningest sports teams, it does have one of the world’s most eye-catching displays of stained glass. Today’s Chicago Cultural Center, which was designed as a library in 1887, has a 38-foot-tall Tiffany glass dome (圆屋顶) which is said to be the largest Tiffany dome in the world. Erawan Museum, Thailand The Erawan Museum, built in 1994, houses ancient, priceless Thai artworks. All of them are displayed within the building’s three floors, which are said to symbolize the three levels of the universe. Designed by German artist Jacob Schwarzkopf, the stained glass artwork shows five continents on Earth, with the sun delivering light, and therefore life, into all. Saint Vitus Cathedral, Czech Republic While the Czech church whose doors many travelers pass through every day was built way back in 1344, its amazing display of stained glass is a 20th-century donation from well-known Czech Art Nouveau artist Alfons Mucha. The artwork is quite fit for Prague, the city in which the stained glass is displayed. After all, it is the modern-day Czech Republic that dreamy bohemians (放荡不羁的艺术家) came from. 1.Which of the following has the longest history? A. Erawan Museum. B. La Sainte-Chapelle. C. Saint Vitus Cathedral. D. The Chicago Cultural Center. 2.Where should you go if you want to see the earth-themed stained glass? A. France. B. The USA. C. Thailand. D. Czech Republic. 3.What is special about the stained glass in Prague? A. It goes well with the city. B. It is built by Louis IX. C. It is the largest of its kind. D. It is donated by many travelers. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些世界上最好的彩色玻璃艺术品。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据La Sainte-Chapelle, France部分中的“Louis IX ordered it to be built in 1239”（路易Ⅸ于1239年下令建造它）；The Chicago Cultural Center, the USA部分中的“Today’s Chicago Cultural Center, which was designed as a library in 1887”（今天的芝加哥文化中心，在1887年被设计为图书馆）；Erawan Museum, Thailand部分中的“The Erawan Museum, built in 1994”（三头神象博物馆建于1994年）；Saint Vitus Cathedral, Czech Republic部分中的“While the Czech church whose doors many travelers pass through every day was built way back in 1344”（虽然这座每天都有许多游客经过的捷克教堂建于1344年。），并通过对比几个时间可知，La Sainte-Chapelle建筑时间最早，即历史最长，故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Erawan Museum, Thailand部分中的“Designed by German artist Jacob Schwarzkopf, the stained glass artwork shows five continents on Earth, with the sun delivering light, and therefore life, into all.”（所有这些都展示在大楼的三层楼里，据说这三层楼象征着宇宙的三个层次。由德国艺术家雅各布·施瓦茨科普夫(Jacob Schwarzkopf)设计的彩色玻璃艺术品展示了地球上的五大洲，太阳将光线传递给所有大洲，从而孕育了生命。）可知，这幅彩色玻璃作品由德国艺术家Jacob Schwarzkopf设计，它展示了地球上五大洲的景象，由此可知，如果你想看以地球为主题的彩色玻璃，你应该去泰国，故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Saint Vitus Cathedral, Czech Republic 部分中的“The artwork is quite fit for Prague, the city in which the stained glass is displayed.”（这些艺术品非常适合布拉格，这座城市展示了彩色玻璃。）可知，这幅作品很适合布拉格这座展示彩色玻璃的城市，由此可知，布拉格的彩色玻璃很适合这座城市，故选A。 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Laughter is regarded as a universal language, but its social functions are more complex than they appear. Beyond expressing amusement, laughter serves as a powerful tool for building social bonds and communicating our position within a group. To explore this, a team of researchers led by Christopher Oveis, an associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, conducted a revealing study in 2016. The research focused on 48 male members of university student clubs, a setting with clear social classes. The participants were grouped into mixes of senior members (high-status) and new members (low-status), and their natural conversations were recorded. The analysis of their laughter showed a clear distinction. High-status individuals consistently produced what was classified as “dominant laughter” — characterized by being louder, more variable in pitch, and less held back. In contrast, low-status individuals exhibited “submissive laughter” —which was typically quieter, shorter, and more constrained. In a follow-up experiment, another group of students listened to recordings of these laughs. Without any other context, they consistently identified the “dominant” laughs as belonging to individuals with more influence and power within the group. This study demonstrates that laughter is far from a simple, uniform reaction to humour. It is a rich social signal, deeply woven into the fabric of our relationships and status. The act of laughing, therefore, is not just about sharing a joke; it is a nuanced performance that can both reflect and reinforce our social identity. Understanding the science behind laughter helps us appreciate its true power in our daily interactions. 1.What was the main objective of Christopher Oveis’s 2016 study? A. To prove that laughter is a universal language. B. To investigate the link between laughter and social status. C. To teach people how to use laughter to build social bonds. D. To compare the laughter frequencies of different social groups. 2.What does the underlined word “constrained” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Natural and automatic. B. Controlled and restricted. C. Loud and noticeable. D. Happy and pleasant. 3.What does the follow-up experiment suggest? A. People can accurately detect social status from laughter alone. B. Most people prefer the sound of “dominant laughter”. C. The funniness of a joke is largely overestimated. D. Group settings have little effect on how people laugh. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. Laughter as the Best Medicine B. The Role of Laughter in Social Clubs C. The Social Secret of Laughter D. The Different Types of Human Laughter 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2016年的一项研究揭示，笑声不仅是幽默反应，更是社会地位与关系的信号，后续实验进一步证明，人们能仅通过笑声识别社会地位，说明笑在社交互动中具有深层功能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Laughter is regarded as a universal language, but its social functions are more complex than they appear. Beyond expressing amusement, laughter serves as a powerful tool for building social bonds and communicating our position within a group. To explore this, a team of researchers led by Christopher Oveis, an associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, conducted a revealing study in 2016. (笑被认为是一种通用语言，但它的社会功能比表面上要复杂得多。除了表达娱乐之外，笑还是建立社会联系和沟通我们在群体中的立场的有力工具。为了探索这个问题，由加州大学圣地亚哥分校副教授Christopher Oveis领导的一组研究人员在2016年进行了一项发人深省的研究。)”可知，Christopher Oveis的2016年研究的主要目的是调查笑声与社会地位之间的联系。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“High-status individuals consistently produced what was classified as “dominant laughter” — characterized by being louder, more variable in pitch, and less held back. In contrast, low-status individuals exhibited “submissive laughter” —which was typically quieter, shorter (高地位个体持续发出被归类为“主导型笑声”的声音——其特征是更响亮、音调变化更多且更不受拘束。相反，低地位个体表现出“顺从型笑声”——通常是更安静、更短促)”可知，画线词与“less held back (更不受拘束)”反义，且与“quieter, shorter (更安静、更短促)”并列，最可能的意思是“受控且受限的”。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a follow-up experiment, another group of students listened to recordings of these laughs. Without any other context, they consistently identified the “dominant” laughs as belonging to individuals with more influence and power within the group. (在后续实验中，另一组学生听了这些笑声的录音。在没有任何其他背景的情况下，他们一致认为“主导”笑属于在群体中更有影响力和权力的个人。)”可知，后续实验表明，人们仅通过笑声就能准确识别社会地位。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“This study demonstrates that laughter is far from a simple, uniform reaction to humour. It is a rich social signal, deeply woven into the fabric of our relationships and status. The act of laughing, therefore, is not just about sharing a joke; it is a nuanced performance that can both reflect and reinforce our social identity. (这项研究表明，笑远不是对幽默的一种简单、统一的反应。这是一种丰富的社会信号，深深编织在我们的关系和地位的结构中。因此，笑的行为不仅仅是分享一个笑话；这是一种微妙的表现，既能反映也能强化我们的社会身份。)”可知，文章聚焦研究笑声的研究展开，2016年的一项研究揭示，笑声不仅是幽默反应，更是社会地位与关系的信号，后续实验进一步证明，人们能仅通过笑声识别社会地位，说明笑在社交互动中具有深层功能。因此，C项“笑声的社会秘密”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·黑龙江两省十校联合体·期中）It was obvious with Pinocchio. Every time he told a lie his nose grew longer. But for the rest of us in real life, the result of telling lies isn’t so evident. Is it possible that there are unseen consequences to dishonesty? Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out. Drs. Lee and Hardin set up a series of studies to explore the question of dishonesty, with 250 pairs of individuals. In each pair, one was assigned (分派) the task of either lying or telling the truth. The other member of the pair was instructed to evaluate the emotions of the lying or truth-telling partner. Each of the partners was then assigned the task of evaluating the emotions of the other partner. The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth. Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on. To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors. Once again, across all the experimental studies, the researchers consistently found that those who were tempted to, and likely did lie, ended up performing worse on the test of empathetic accuracy than those who didn’t lie. We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth. 1.What is the aim of the studies? A. To teach people how to detect lies. B. To test if lying causes brain changes. C. To explain the Pinocchio Effect. D. To explore the motive for lying. 2.What does the underlined word “clouded” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Weakened. B. Monitored. C. Cleared. D. Improved. 3.What were the participants asked to do in the studies? A. To rate others’ performances. B. To identify different emotions. C. To make faces. D. To learn body languages. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The reasons for telling lies. B. The complexity of social interaction. C. The necessity of being honest. D. The application of the study. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家Julia Lee和Ashley Hardin开展的研究，旨在探究说谎是否会导致大脑变化，研究发现说谎会削弱识别他人情绪的能力，强调了诚实的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out.(既然谎言是通过言语传递的，而言语又起源于大脑，那么说谎是否可能会导致大脑发生无法从外部观察到的变化？心理学家Julia Lee和Ashley Hardin想找出答案)”可知，研究的目的是测试说谎是否会导致大脑变化。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth.(研究发现，与说实话的人相比，被要求撒谎的人在察觉伴侣的情绪状态方面明显更差)”可知，说谎会削弱一个人解读他人情绪状态的能力。所以画线词所在句“Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on.(令人惊讶的是，这些看似不重要的不诚实行为会clouded一个人日后解读他人情绪的能力)”中“clouded”的意思是“削弱”，与“weakened”同义。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors.(为了确定参与者读懂他人情绪的能力，研究人员让他们观看了一系列短视频片段。在视频片段中，演员们通过面部表情、声音和肢体语言表达了各种各样的情绪。然后，参与者被要求识别演员的情绪状态)”可知，参与者在研究中被要求识别不同的情绪。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth.(在我们生活的世界里，商业、社会生活和人际关系都取决于个人与他人良好互动的能力。为了与他们互动，我们通常需要能够确定他们的情绪。正如我们大多数人在幼儿园学到的那样：讲真话很重要)”可知，最后一段主要讲了诚实的必要性。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）The experience of touch is key to babies beginning to recognize themselves in a mirror, new research shows, which usually happens when babies are about a year and a half old. “Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.” The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self-recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror-mark test for self-recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self-recognition. The researchers also observed a control group of children exposed to the laboratory experience with mirrors but not the vibrating discs. The children who touched their face more frequently recognized themselves in the mirror about two months earlier, on average, than those who typically first begin to recognize-themselves in a mirror. This indicates a possible mechanism that self-awareness can develop based on engaged experiences that human babies naturally generate. The study challenges a long-standing assumption that self-recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired. For a long time, scientists believed early recognition in the mirror was a built-in function of human brains and those of our closest primate (灵长类) relatives, rather than linked to sensory or motor experiences. “Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self-knowledge.” 1.Why do babies hit their fingers lightly at an early age? A. To explore their surroundings. B. To build up self-identification. C. To signal their self-recognition. D. To engage in playful activities. 2.How did the babies in the experiment form self-recognition? A. Through active exploration. B. By seeing vibration in mirrors. C. Through word-related response. D. By copying others’ movements. 3.What is a common misunderstanding of early-childhood self-recognition? A. It is an inborn capability. B. It develops through learning. C. It is related to experiences. D. It exists in men and animals. 4.What do the findings suggest about treating children’s motor delays? A. Staring at themselves in the mirror. B. Intervening as early as possible. C. Enhancing external motor activities. D. Having interactions with their bodies. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，表明触摸体验对婴儿在镜子中识别自己至关重要，还挑战了早期自我识别是天生能力的传统观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中““Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.”(该研究论文的资深作者杰弗里·洛克曼说：“婴儿拉自己的脚趾或轻轻敲击手指，不仅仅是在玩耍。他们是在试图识别自己。”)可知，婴儿早期轻轻敲击手指是为了建立自我识别。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror mark test for self recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self recognition.(研究人员首先在通常自我识别年龄之前，即大约14个月大的婴儿的额头上放置了小型震动圆盘。作为对震动的反应，他们会伸手触摸圆盘。接下来，研究人员让孩子们面对镜子，观察到他们会伸手触摸圆盘。然后，研究人员让孩子们进行标准的镜子标记自我识别测试，即在每个孩子的脸上涂上一小点颜料或化妆品。如果孩子看着镜子并触摸自己脸上的标记，或者说出自己的名字或“我”这样的话，就表明他们有自我识别能力)”可知，实验中的婴儿通过伸手触摸圆盘、在镜子前触摸标记等积极探索的行为来形成自我识别。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study challenges a long standing assumption that self recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired.(这项研究挑战了一个长期存在的假设，即幼儿的自我识别在某种程度上是天生的)”可知，对幼儿自我识别的常见误解是它是一种天生的能力。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self knowledge.(洛克曼说：“针对有运动技能问题的婴儿的干预措施通常集中在伸手去够外界的物体并控制它们。根据我们的发现，触摸自己的身体同样重要，探索身体是获得自我认知的途径。”)”可知，研究结果表明治疗儿童运动迟缓需要让他们与自己的身体进行互动。故选D项。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Researchers in the University of New South Wales have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef (和牛肉) in a lab — a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured (实验室培养) meat that closely resemble original products. Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the researchers set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (大理石花纹) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef. By isolating beef cells, the researchers organized how the muscles, blood vessels, and fat should be stacked (堆叠). The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things. The researchers believe that proving that a wagyu steak can be accurately 3D-printed could be a big step toward a sustainable future where cultured meat can be created that closely resembles existing products. Its origins from real meat also differentiate it from plant-based options, like those created by Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. “By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling of wagyu beef but to also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Nathan, one of the project’s researchers, said in a statement. Nathan said that with these adjustments, customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they desire, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns. While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells. 1.How did the researchers make 3D-printed wagyu beef? A. By layering different meat to produce wagyu beef. B. By processing wagyu beef to join existing products. C. By shaping different tissues with stem cells of wagyu cows. D. By separating the muscles, blood vessels, and fat of wagyu cows. 2.What does Nathan probably think of the 3D-printed beef? A. It can be improved and adjusted. B. It will be replaced by better beef. C. It can replace the real beef finally. D. It will be hard to be popular among customers. 3.What does the underlined word “tailor-made” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Handmade. B. Personalized. C. Applied. D. Attached. 4.Why are Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering mentioned? A. To introduce how to 3D-print beef. B. To encourage people to make steaks. C. To show more attempts to make bio-printed steaks. D. To explain the importance of developing a rib eye steak. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新南威尔士大学的研究人员如何用3D打印技术制作和牛肉，以及这种技术的潜在应用和意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the researchers set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (大理石花纹) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef.(研究人员利用从和牛身上提取的干细胞，开始创造一种具有和牛肉特有纹理的结构，这种纹理使和牛肉与其他牛肉不同。)”以及“The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues-in living things.(然后，他们运用一种名为3D生物打印的技术将这些组织塑造成牛排的形状，在这种技术中，细胞结构可以分层，以模仿生物体内真实组织的形态。)”可知，研究人员用和牛的干细胞塑造不同的组织来制作3D打印的和牛肉。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段““By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling of wagyu beef but to also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Nathan, one of the project’s researchers, said in a statement.(“通过改进这项技术，不仅可以复制复杂的肉类结构，比如和牛肉美丽的纹理，还可以对脂肪和肌肉成分进行细微调整，”该项目的研究人员之一Nathan在一份声明中说。)”可推知，内森认为3D打印的牛肉是可以改进和调整的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Nathan said that with these adjustments, customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they desire, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns.(Nathan说，通过这些调整，未来有一天顾客或许能够订购到脂肪含量符合自己需求、根据个人口味和健康考虑tailor-made的实验室培养肉。)”可知，通过这些调整，顾客可以得到他们想要的肉的类型，即个性化的实验室培养肉。故tailor-made意思是“个性化的”。A. Handmade手工制作的；B. Personalized个性化的；C. Applied应用的；D. Attached附加的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells.(虽然这可能是有史以来第一次3D打印的和牛肉，但其他打印牛排的尝试也已进行。今年2月，Aleph Farms和以色列理工学院生物医学工程学院联合使用真正的牛细胞生物打印并培育了一块肋眼牛排。)”可推知，最后一段提到Aleph Farms和生物医学工程学院是为了展示更多的制作生物打印牛排的尝试。故选C。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·黑龙江两省十校联合体·期中）When hunters wiped out most fruit eating birds in the tropical forest of Lambir Hills National Park by the 1990s, the skies grew duller-and in a few years so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, illuminating the critical importance of seed dispersal (分散传播) for ecosystem health. The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich. However, a team states that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or are decreasing in numbers, which could harm the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire. For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. And some plants do seem to be in big trouble. The authors came up with a list of nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions, in which both the plant and the animal are threatened or declining. “We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” Even for common, well-studied species, it’s not always apparent which dispersers are most important and whether other species might take over if they were to decline or disappear. There are some similar cases on other continents, too, including North America. But the picture there is even less clear. 1.What can be inferred from Jordi Bascompte's words? A. All seeds rely on animals’ guts to get dispersed. B. The spread of seeds plays a vital role in ecosystem health. C. Animals carry the seeds to keep ecological communities together. D. The movement of animals is more important than that of seeds for ecological balance. 2.Which of the following techniques is NOT used to make the article more persuasive? A. making comparisons B. listing numbers C. giving examples D. citing views 3.Which opinion will Andy agree with? A. What matters most is to find out all the dispersers. B. European scientists have done a great job for centuries. C. It is still unknown which dispersers certain plants are missing. D. Dispersers need a large amount of work to be looked after well. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Some plants are facing the danger of dying out. B. Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. C. Dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened. D. Ecosystem health relies on seed dispersers in many aspects. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了动物对传播种子的重要作用以及因为动物数量的减少，欧洲植物受到的威胁。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich.( 苏黎世大学的生态学家Jordi Bascompte说，种子通过动物肠道的移动是一种“使生态群落保持在一起的粘合剂”。)”可以推论出，种子的传播对生态系统的健康起着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。为了使文章更有说服力，作者在第三段列举了一些数字“Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. (尽管这项研究没有详细说明危机如何影响生态系统，因为IUCN尚未对67%的植物物种进行评估，但研究人员确实发现，超过60%的植物有5种或更少的动物食用和传播它们的种子，这可能使它们对这些关键的种子传播者的减少或消失特别敏感。)”；在第二段进行了举例“For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. (例如，一种传播60种植物种子的常见候鸟——花园莺，在整个欧洲都在减少。)”；在第一段引用了Jordi Bascompte的观点“The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” (种子通过在动物的肠道中的移动是一种“使生态群落保持在一起的粘合剂”)”，但是作者没有通过对比进行论述。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子““We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” (“我们需要确保我们正在关注那些做了大量工作的分散者，”安迪说，“尽管有大量的数据集，但对问题的程度仍有很多未知。例如，尽管在欧洲进行了几个世纪的自然历史观察，动物如何传播一些稀有植物的种子仍然是个谜。”)”可以推论出，目前尚不清楚某些植物缺少哪种传播者。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了动物对传播种子的重要作用以及因为动物数量的减少，欧洲植物受到的威胁。所以，用B项“Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. (种子传播者的减少威胁着欧洲的植物。)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Nature’s Hidden Light: The Secrets of Bioluminescence In the darkest depths of the ocean, a fascinating phenomenon occurs — living creatures produce their own light. This ability, called bioluminescence, is not just for show. It is a complex and crucial tool for survival, developed through millions of years of evolution. Scientists are dedicated to revealing how this mysterious “cold light” works. The fundamental process behind this light is a chemical reaction. It involves a molecule named luciferin (荧光素) and an enzyme called luciferase. When luciferin combines with oxygen, accelerated by the luciferase enzyme, light is produced. This process is highly efficient and generates almost no heat. For a long time, however, the origin of luciferin in many marine animals was a puzzle. Were they making it themselves, or getting it from their diet? A major breakthrough came from the work of Dr. Osamu Shimomura. In the 1960s, he conducted a long-term study focused on a specific type of jellyfish. Through extensive and committed experiments, his team managed to isolate two key proteins: one that produces blue light and the famous green fluorescent protein (GFP). This foundational work, which later earned him a Nobel Prize, provided the essential basis for future research. The question of where luciferin comes from was further addressed by Dr. Steven Haddock and his team. In a 2018 project, they employed advanced underwater robots to gather and examine numerous deep-sea organisms. Their analysis showed that many different species shared the same luciferin. This significant finding suggested that these animals were not producing the molecule internally. Instead, they were likely obtaining it through their diet, creating a hidden network where this vital substance is transferred through the food chain. The revelation of these natural secrets has profoundly transformed modern science. The GFP protein, for instance, has become an essential tool in biology and medicine. By attaching the GFP gene to other genes, scientists can now witness and track processes like the growth of diseases or the development of nerves in real time, turning a natural wonder into a powerful scientific asset. 1.What was the main goal of Dr. Shimomura’s research? A. To find new species of jellyfish in the deep ocean. B. To prove that bioluminescence could be used for lighting. C. To identify and separate the glowing proteins from a jellyfish. D. To study the eating habits of bioluminescent creatures. 2.What may Dr. Haddock’s team agree with? A. All marine organisms have the same genes to produce it. B. It is passed along the food chain when animals eat each other. C. The luciferin is produced by underwater robots. D. Sunlight triggers its production in the deep sea. 3.What is a major application of GFP in scientific research today? A. It serves as a primary food source in laboratories. B. It helps generate heat for chemical reactions. C. It enables the visual tracking of biological activities. D. It is used to create decorative lights for cities. 4.What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this article? A. To encourage tourism to see bioluminescent bays. B. To describe the career paths of famous chemists. C. To explain the science behind a natural wonder and its research breakthroughs. D. To argue that all deep-sea creatures possess high intelligence. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物发光这一自然奇观的科学原理、相关研究突破，以及绿色荧光蛋白在科研中的应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, he conducted a long-term study focused on a specific type of jellyfish. Through extensive and committed experiments, his team managed to isolate two key proteins: one that produces blue light and the famous green fluorescent protein (GFP).(20世纪60年代，他对一种特定类型的水母进行了长期研究。通过大量投入的实验，他的团队成功分离出两种关键蛋白质：一种能产生蓝光，另一种是著名的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）。)”可知，下村修博士的研究目标是从水母中识别并分离出发光蛋白质。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Their analysis showed that many different species shared the same luciferin. This significant finding suggested that these animals were not producing the molecule internally. Instead, they were likely obtaining it through their diet, creating a hidden network where this vital substance is transferred through the food chain.(他们的分析表明，许多不同的物种拥有相同的荧光素。这一重大发现表明，这些动物并非体内产生这种分子，而是可能通过饮食获取，形成了一个隐藏的网络，这种重要物质通过食物链传递。)”可知，哈多克博士的团队会认同荧光素通过动物间的捕食在食物链中传递这一观点。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“By attaching the GFP gene to other genes, scientists can now witness and track processes like the growth of diseases or the development of nerves in real time, turning a natural wonder into a powerful scientific asset.(通过将GFP基因与其他基因结合，科学家现在可以实时观察和追踪疾病发展或神经发育等过程，将这一自然奇观转化为强大的科研工具。)”可知，GFP如今在科研中的主要应用是能够可视化追踪生物活动。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，第一段引出生物发光现象及科学家对其原理的探索，第二至四段介绍生物发光的化学过程和相关研究突破，第五段说明其科研应用，由此可知，作者写作本文的主要目的是解释一种自然奇观背后的科学原理及其研究突破。故选C项。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔齐市地区普通高中·期中）Josh Primm has just moved to New York City with his parents. He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile. Lyle is no ordinary crocodile. For one thing, he sings. Josh’s parents are terrified of him at first, but Lyle soon becomes part of the family. When Mr. Grumps, their unfriendly neighbor, threatens to have Lyle taken away, the Primms pull together to protect the creature. Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile is a musical comedy based on the popular children’s books by Bernard Waber. Josh is played by Winslow Fegley, 13. He said he came to understand the shy boy. “Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.” The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.” Winslow has the same admiration for everyone involved in making the movie. “All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.” The film also stars Constance Wu as Josh’s mom and Javier Bardem as Hector P. Valenti, Lyle’s owner. “With all these very talented people,” Winslow said, “we made an amazing film that’s great, hopefully, for all ages.” Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile opened in theaters on October 7. 1.What did Lyle do in the story? A. He taught Josh to sing. B. He helped Jos h overcome his shyness. C. He invited Josh to a crocodile concert. D. He competed with Jos h in a talent show. 2.What is the movie Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile mainly about? A. Winslow Fegley struggles to become an actor. B. Lyle, a crocodile, becomes a pop star in New York City. C. Josh adapts to a new school with the help of a crocodile. D. The Primm family’s neighbor tries to drive their pet crocodile away. 3.How did Ben’s Lyle affect Winslow? A. It challenged him to act against a pre- recorded voice. B. It simplified the process of working with special effects. C. It allowed him to practice communicating with a crocodile. D. It enabled him to perform better in his role. 4.What does Winslow Fegley admire about the film’s special effects team? A. Their work with actor Ben Palacios. B. Their creation of a lovable character. C. Their ability to make Lyle look harmless. D. Their contribution to the film’s music. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部音乐喜剧电影，并描述了主人公扮演者的表演感受。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile.”（他害羞、焦虑，适应新学校的速度很慢。然后他交了一个朋友——莱尔，一只鳄鱼。）及第三段“Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this.”（“乔希必须经历这段旅程，打破他的壳，”温斯洛说。而正是莱尔，理解男孩的孤独，帮助他做到了这一点。）可知，Lyle理解Josh的孤独，并帮助他打破自己的壳，变得更加开放，愿意尝试新事物。从而可推断，Lyle帮助Josh克服了他的害羞。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段““Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.””（“Josh必须经历这段旅程，打破他的壳，”温斯洛说。而正是莱尔，理解男孩的孤独，帮助他做到了这一点。在电影的最后，Josh非常愿意尝试新事物，”Winslow补充道。“我能理解。”）可知，电影的主要内容是关于Josh如何通过一只名叫Lyle的鳄鱼的帮助来适应他的新学校，因此选项C正确概括了电影的主要内容。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.””（我们在电影中看到的莱尔是电脑动画制作的。他的配音是歌手肖恩·门德斯。但温斯洛说，这是一个“穿着（鳄鱼）服装的仁”，演员本·帕拉西奥斯，他在片场把成年后的莱尔演绎得活脱脱。这让温斯洛更容易进入角色。“这是一次很棒的经历，因为我可以和一个真实的人一起工作，”温斯洛说。“我能够对他的情绪做出反应。”）可知，Winslow Fegley 描述与穿着鳄鱼服装的演员Ben Palacios互动使得他能够在现场与一个真人合作，并对其情绪做出反应，这样的互动帮助他更好地进入角色并提升表演。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.”（所有从事特效工作的人都做得非常出色。”“这不仅让莱尔看起来很真实，而且让他成为一个可爱的角色。真的很容易就会爱上他。）可推断，Winslow欣赏特效团队创造了一个让观众容易爱上的角色。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·吉林联盟校考试-10月·期中）You’ve probably heard that brick-and-mortar retail (实体零售) is in trouble. Even industry giants are closing hundreds of stores. Given retail’s gradual change from physical stores to mobile and e-commerce (电子商务), you may be wondering, “What will retail look like in the future?” Nobody knows. But here are a few things you can expect to see based on current technology. Super-fast delivery is coming. Today, the normal practice is two-day delivery. But if you’ve been paying attention, you know that’s changing. In fact, up to 25% of consumers said that they would abandon their orders if one-day delivery wasn’t available. Of course, that’s just the beginning. Two-hour delivery is coming in the foreseeable future, and Amazon has already been trying 30-minute delivery. Your kitchen will resupply itself. You won’t have to worry about running out of essentials like coffee, pet food or snacks because your containers will sense stocks (库存) and replace those items without you having to lift a finger. No more waking up to find your coffee store is empty or last-minute rush to the grocery store because you forget to buy pet food. Know exactly what’s in stock and where to get it. Have you ever gone to a store hoping to buy something, only to learn that it was out of stock? A new feature from Google Home allows people to ask the Google Assistant to find in-stock products at the closest store. For example: “Google, where can I find the Nintendo Switch console?” The assistant will tell you how many stores have it right away and how close they are. Of course, it isn’t currently available for all stores in all locations, but you can already see the future when it has become standard. Convenience, experience, and options-retail will take on a new look. 1.What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. It is possible to deliver goods within two hours in the future. B. Consumers can’t get their orders in one day now. C. The delivery will be in two days in the future. D. Super-fast delivery has widely been used now. 2.The author primarily illustrates the future of retail by _____? A. Analyzing data and citing research. B. Listing examples of future tech applications. C. Comparing pros and cons of online and physical retail. D. Proposing theories and using logical arguments. 3.According to the passage, what will happen in the future? A. Retail will disappear gradually. B. Industrial giants will rule the whole retail trade. C. People will ask the Google Assistant to purchase goods. D. Shopping will be more convenient and effective. 4.What’s the best title for the passage? A. How Will New Technology Change the World? B. What Will Retail Be Like in the Future? C. How Will We Run the Retail Trade in the Future? D. What Benefits Will High-tech Bring in the Future? 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“未来零售业”这一话题，在未来快递的速度提升、智能厨房的运作方式以及谷歌先进的搜索技能等方面展望了零售业未来的模样。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Two-hour delivery is coming in the foreseeable future, and Amazon has already been trying 30-minute delivery.(在可预见的未来，两小时配送即将到来，亚马逊已经在尝试30分钟配送。)”可知，两个小时就能到的快递在不久的将来就能够实现。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Two-hour delivery is coming in the foreseeable future, and Amazon has already been trying 30-minute delivery.(两小时送达将在可预见的未来实现，而亚马逊已在尝试 30 分钟配送。)”、第三段中的“Your kitchen will resupply itself. You won’t have to worry about running out of essentials like coffee, pet food or snacks because your containers will sense stocks (库存) and replace those items without you having to lift a finger.(你的厨房将自行补货。你无需担心咖啡、宠物食品或零食等必需品耗尽，因为容器会感知库存并自动补货，你甚至无需动手)”及第四段中的“A new feature from Google Home allows people to ask the Google Assistant to find in-stock products at the closest store.(谷歌家庭的新功能允许用户通过谷歌助手查询最近商店的在售商品。)”可知，这些都是未来科技应用的例子，表明作者主要通过列举未来科技应用的例子来说明零售业的未来。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Two-hour delivery is coming in the foreseeable future, and Amazon has already been trying 30-minute delivery.(在可预见的未来，两小时送达将会到来，而亚马逊已经在尝试30分钟送达。)和第四段“A new feature from Google Home allows people to ask the Google Assistant to find in-stock products at the closest store.(Google Home的一个新功能允许人们要求Google Assistant在最近的商店找到库存产品。)”可知，在不久的将来快递的速度会更快，并且谷歌搜索可以帮助人们就近找到所需产品，结合最后一段中的“Convenience, experience, and options-retail will take on a new look.(便利性、体验和选择——零售将呈现新面貌。)”可推知，未来购物会更加方便和有效。根据故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Given retail’s gradual change from physical stores to mobile and e-commerce (电子商务), you may be wondering, “What will retail look like in the future?” Nobody knows. But here are a few things you can expect to see based on current technology.(鉴于零售业正从实体店逐步转向移动电商，你可能会问：“未来的零售会是什么样？”无人知晓。但基于现有技术，以下这些趋势值得期待。)”可知，首段引出本篇文章的主要话题，结合下文介绍的“超高速快递即将到来”、“你的厨房会自动补给”以及“确切地知道库存是什么以及去哪里买”等不同的例子来讨论和回答这个问题可知，文章主要介绍了未来零售业的样子，所以标题“未来的零售会是什么样？”最能概括全文，适合最为最佳标题。故选B项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·辽宁沈阳五校协作体·期中）Chicago Booth’s Christopher K. Hsee is a behavioral scientist focusing on what he calls hedonomics (幸福经济学). Rather than studying how to produce more “stuff”, hedonomics studies how to extract more happiness from the existing objects. Hsee and his Chicago Booth colleague Reid Hastie redefined the term in 2008. Their idea of hedonomics is based on the idea that people don’t need more resources to be happier; they need to use existing resources differently. For example, suppose a child enjoys playing with wooden blocks at first but grows tired of them. Hedonomics suggests the child doesn’t need more blocks to be happy; she needs to change how she plays with those blocks. The same principle applies to experiences. Instead of watching a TV show without control, watch two episodes (集) per day. Or better yet, apply another method: say you have six episodes to watch. You could watch two a day, or you could watch one on the first day, two on the second day, and three on the third day. That’s an increasing order. Or you could do the opposite, in a decreasing order, by watching three at the start and winding down. Instead of making full use of their resources, many people instead seek to add resources. Hsee, who has devoted much of the past decade to researching hedonomics, says that can have the opposite effect and lead to a phenomenon known as the “hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机)”. This phrase refers to the tendency of people enjoying happiness temporarily and keeping on finding new positive stimulation. Hsee, who grew up in China, recalls when “just having the ability to buy a cheap bicycle” in his city was a big deal. But by 2012 in China, nearly every family in cities had, on average, a color TV, air conditioner, washing machine, and refrigerator. Almost nine in ten had a personal computer. Hsee sees his friends, some now able to afford expensive cars, stuck on the hedonic treadmill as they seek to get more well-being. The problem is that it takes more and more things to make people happy. 1.What is the meaning of hedonomics? A. Following your ideas. B. Producing more resources. C. Pursuing what you want. D. Treasuring what you have. 2.What does the underlined part “winding down” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Watching closely. B. Reducing gradually. C. Observing carefully. D. Checking regularly. 3.What do people do when they are on the hedonic treadmill? A. They try to get more. B. They use resources wisely. C. They tend to be more positive. D. They lack material enjoyment. 4.What does the author truly want to convey in the last paragraph? A. People are content with their income. B. China’s economy is developing fast. C. One’s desires can hardly be satisfied. D. It’s impossible to achieve real happiness. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是芝加哥大学布斯商学院的Christopher K. Hsee教授所提出的“幸福经济学”（hedonomics）理念。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Rather than studying how to produce more “stuff”, hedonomics studies how to extract more happiness from the existing objects.(与研究如何生产更多“物质”不同，幸福经济学研究的是如何从现有物品中获取更多幸福感)”可知，幸福经济学的意义是珍惜你所拥有的。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“You could watch two a day, or you could watch one on the first day, two on the second day, and three on the third day. That’s an increasing order. Or you could do the opposite, in a decreasing order, by watching three at the start and winding down.(你可以每天看两集，或者第一天看一集，第二天看两集，第三天看三集，这是按递增顺序观看。或者你也可以反着来，按递减顺序观看，即一开始看三集，并且winding down。)”可知，一开始看三集，反过来然后再逐渐减少，winding down的意思是“逐渐减少” ，和Reducing gradually意思相近。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This phrase refers to the tendency of people enjoying happiness temporarily and keeping on finding new positive stimulation.(这个短语指的是人们暂时享受幸福，并不断寻找新的积极刺激的倾向)”可知，当人们在快乐的跑步机上时，他们会试图得到更多。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hsee sees his friends, some now able to afford expensive cars, stuck on the hedonic treadmill as they seek to get more well-being. The problem is that it takes more and more things to make people happy.(Hsee看到，他的朋友们现在有能力购买昂贵的汽车，却陷入了“享乐跑步机”的困境，因为他们不断寻求获得更多福祉。问题是，要让人感到幸福，需要越来越多的东西)”可知，作者在最后一段真正想表达的是一个人的欲望很难得到满足。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·吉林联盟校考试-10月·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Colored Lotus to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵). The gelatinized (糊化) power also serves as a materials for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1.What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A. Developing new 3D printers. B. Creating traditional steel nail implants. C. Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. D. Producing functional foods from lotus roots. 2.What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A. They are cheaper to produce. B. They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. C. They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. D. They have lower immune rejection rates. 3.What is a potential future application of the gelatinized lotus root powder mentioned in the article? A. 3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. B. Construction materials for bridges. C. Fuel for vehicles. D. Clothing for athletes. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work on lotus fiber scaffolds? A. Skeptical and critical. B. Neutral and indifferent. C. Confused and uncertain. D. Enthusiastic and supportive. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武汉轻工大学团队受《哪吒2》启发，利用莲藕纤维开发出可3D打印的骨再生支架，相比传统钢钉植入物具有排异率低、免二次手术等优势，同时探索莲藕粉在功能性食品和3D打印创意食品中的应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds tailored to bone defect areas. (武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院的研究团队开创性地利用莲藕纤维提取物开发出一项突破性医疗应用。通过采用3D打印技术，他们能够制作出与骨缺损区域完美匹配的定制化骨支架)”可知，武汉轻工大学团队的研究重点是利用莲藕纤维重建骨骼。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. (此外，这种支架还能显著降低患者的排异反应风险。最关键的是，支架的降解速度与新骨生长速率完美匹配，从而避免了二次取出手术的必要性)”可知，莲藕纤维支架相比传统钢钉植入物的优势包括降低排异风险，避免二次手术。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The gelatinized (糊化) power also serves as a materials for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. (此外，糊化的莲藕粉还可作为3D打印食品的原料，这意味着未来或可按需定制出哪吒造型或风火轮形状的创意食品)”可知，糊化的莲藕粉的一项潜在未来应用是可3D打印成人物或物品造型的食品。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“pioneered a groundbreaking medical application (开创了一项突破性的医疗应用)”、第三段中“significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection (显著降低患者的排异反应风险)”和“perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth (与新骨生长速率完美匹配)”可知，作者选用很多积极词汇，对团队成果给予正面评价，肯定研究的临床价值。由此可知，作者对该团队的工作是充满热情和支持的。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $