专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than unpaid caring for family or friends, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Using a series of experiments and data from a longitudinal survey, the researchers examined the differences between different socioeconomic groups and how they perceive their contributions to society. In the early stage of the research, the researchers found that people with higher socioeconomic status volunteered more and perceive their contributions as great. In contrast, those with lower socioeconomic status, despite spending more time on unpaid care, felt they contributed less to society. “The belief that helping strangers is the gold standard of contributing seems to be a widely accepted but little recognized assumption. Our research brings this assumption to the surface and questions who it benefits and who it overlooks,” Reinhart said. In a subsequent experiment, participants were asked to read about three people who tutor (辅导) a younger student. One person was required to tutor a younger student in an after-school programme, one person chose to tutor a younger student, and one person tutored their younger cousin. The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. Though people thought tutoring a family member was more moral, they did not think tutoring a family member made a significantly greater contribution to society. These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution, according to Reinhart. “As the US population ages, the 20% of Americans caring for an adult, most often a relative, will only increase in the coming years. To meet the growing demand for caring, we must value this vital labour,” Reinhart said. “We need to do more to recognize the personal and societal importance of helping people close to home in our everyday circles and investing in these local relationships. Caregiving, perhaps especially when unpaid and with little choice involved, is still a significant contribution.” 1.What does the research focus on? A. The cognition of contributions to society. B. The importance of volunteering. C. The economic value of caring. D. The impact of socioeconomic status. 2.Which type of tutoring can get the highest recognition according to this experiment? A. Tutoring a younger cousin. B. Tutoring a student for payment. C. Tutoring a specific person in the experiment. D. Tutoring a kid at a Children’s Home. 3.What can we infer from Paragraph 6? A. Volunteering is the most meaningful activity. B. The perception of caring giving needs to be reshaped. C. People hold broad views on societal contributions. D. Society counts on meaningful contributions from its citizens. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Americans’ perception of societal contributions B. The demands of aging population on caring giving C. Unpaid caring is undervalued by society D. The impact of socioeconomic status on volunteering 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨美国人对社会贡献的认知，发现其更认可帮助陌生人的志愿行为，而低估对亲友的无偿照顾。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Using a series of experiments and data from a longitudinal survey, the researchers examined the differences between different socioeconomic groups and how they perceive their contributions to society.(利用一系列实验和纵向调查的数据，研究人员调查了不同社会经济群体之间的差异，以及他们如何看待自己对社会的贡献)”可知，该研究的核心是关注人们对社会贡献的认知情况。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors.(研究人员发现，无论社会经济地位如何，美国人都认为辅导陌生人比其他辅导形式做出了更大的贡献，值得更多认可)”可知，辅导陌生人能获得最高认可度。由此推知，辅导儿童之家的孩子能获得最高的认可。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution.(这些发现表明，作为一个社会，我们需要对什么构成有意义的贡献有更广泛的认识)”可知，当前人们对“有意义的社会贡献”的认知较为狭隘，对照顾亲友的价值认可不足，因此需要重塑对付出关怀的认知。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第五段“The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors.(研究人员发现，无论社会经济地位如何，美国人都认为辅导陌生人比其他辅导形式做出了更大的贡献，值得更多认可)”文章主要探讨美国人对社会贡献的认知，发现其更认可帮助陌生人的志愿行为，而低估对亲友的无偿照顾。因此A项“美国人对社会贡献的看法”适合做最佳标题。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 1.Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1? A. To offer an approach to handling failure. B. To introduce a common attitude towards failure. C. To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. D. To discuss the relationship between success and failure. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It does harm to our self-image. B. It pictures us as perfect people. C. It protects us from false feedback. D. It makes us refuse negative feedback to ourselves. 3.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Hurriedly. B. Mistakenly. C. Unhappily. D. Carelessly. 4.Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. B. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. C. Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. D. Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。大多数人难以积极地应对失败，在失败时就会贬低自己的任务，缺乏动力去坚持目标，这种心理现象就是酸葡萄效应。但酸葡萄效应可能会产生负面影响，所以我们要学会面对失败，而不是一味地贬低失败的事情并假装一切没有发生，这样才能让我们更容易达到我们的目标。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—‘Fail again. Fail better.’(在今天的励志文学中，失败常常被视为值得庆祝的事情。富有励志演讲者喜欢引用小说家塞缪尔·贝克特的话——‘再次失败。失败得更好。’)”可知，作者提到励志演讲者引用的话“再次失败。失败得更好。”是想证明如今的励志文学常常将失败视为值得庆祝的事情，由此可推测出，作者想要介绍对待失败的普遍态度。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sjastad explains that ‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism(机制). ‘Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,’ he says. (Sjastad解释说，‘酸葡萄效应’是一种自我保护机制。‘我们大多数人都认为自己是有能力的人，所以当外部反馈不是这样时，它会对自我形象构成严重威胁，’他说。)”和“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self.(最简单的解决方法是否认或为这种辩解信号辩解，这样我们就可以保持积极的自我意识。)”可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，当外部反馈与自我形象不一致时，我们就会否认或为这种外部信号辩解，从而保护自己。由此可推测出，“酸葡萄效应”会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可知，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，这里应与rather than后的内容相反，表示的是我们会提前做出不再坚持这种决定，prematurely意为“提前地。过早地，仓促地”，与A项“匆忙地”意思最接近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.(然而，通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性并且假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现实现目标更容易。)”可知，作者在最后建议要学会面对失败带来的失望，而不是贬低失败并假装一切都没发生过，这样会更加有助于实现目标。由此可推测出，作者认为当我们的自我形象受到质疑时，不要一味地逃避。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash. A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 1.What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing. C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision. 2.What can we learn about the author’s early zero-waste experience? A. It’s vital to communicate in time to clear misunderstandings. B. It’s worthwhile to encourage everyone to start with small things. C. It’s possible to encounter criticism when changing one’s lifestyle. D. It’s necessary to use reusable containers for environmental protection. 3.To practice a zero-waste lifestyle, the author ________. A. debated with her family when questioned B. managed the waste for the entire household C. embraced simple living to foster sustainability D. encouraged her family to use eco-friendly products 4.Which of the following best describes the author? A. Determined and strategic. B. Persistent and cooperative. C. Kind-hearted and enthusiastic. D. Empathetic and innovative. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者分享了自己践行零浪费生活时，因家人不支持而经历的困惑与挑战。她通过在个人空间实践、以行动影响他人等方式应对，并建议受外界质疑时重在行动而非争论，鼓励读者在家庭不支持的情况下仍坚持自己的环保理念。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to (如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. (在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞。)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组与B选项“Join you in what you’re doing .(加入你正在做的事情。)”符合题意。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. (我记得我给父母看了一段Bea Johnson的视频，分享了我认为用罐子买杂货、垃圾这么少有多酷。几天后，我带着我的第一批零浪费杂货罐子回来了，我爸爸评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。这有点令人沮丧。)”可知，作者在改变生活方式时，遭到了父亲的批评，由此可推测出，在改变生活方式时，可能会遇到批评。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. (然而，随着几个月的减少浪费，我尽我所能做到自己力所能及的事情。我有自己的卧室，所以我开始清理我不需要的东西。因为我有自己的洗漱用品，所以我能够开始个性化我的日常习惯，使其更可持续。我还偶尔主动做饭，所以我在橱柜里留出一部分放我自己的零浪费杂货。)”可知，为了践行零浪费的生活方式，作者接受了简单的生活，以促进可持续性。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. (不过，在这一过程中我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在努力想办法在一个并不总是支持你的家庭中做出改变，你会从中受到鼓舞。)”以及最后一段“So here is my advice: Lead by action. (所以我的建议是：以身作则。)”可知，作者在面对家人不支持自己过零浪费生活方式时，没有放弃，而是继续坚持，并且给出了自己的建议，由此可推测出作者是坚定的且有策略的。A选项“Determined and strategic. (坚定且有策略的。)”符合题意。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）If you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance-parents happy, kids taken care of, work working-then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life. Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life-just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love. We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does. Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance. These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout. The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up. Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best. 1.What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance? A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Neutral. 2.The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________. A. prove people benefit from work B. indicate doctors take pride in their work C. show people gain joy from different situations D. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully 3.“Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________. A. arouse your passion B. satisfy your desires C. improve your motivation D. require your efforts 4.Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life. B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling. C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance. D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者不支持工作和生活的平衡，认为工作并不是生活的对立面，而是生活的一部分，作者认为应当在工作中去找到热爱的事情，最简单的方法就是花一周的时间去热爱你的工作。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good.(这一错误的希望被分类本身弄得更糟。它们暗示着工作是坏的，生活是好的。)”由此可推知，作者对工作与生活平衡的观点是不赞成的态度。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题题。根据第二段中“All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.(生活的所有这些方面都有让人振奋的时刻，也有让人沮丧的时刻。工作也是如此。对待工作就像对待生活一样：把你所爱的最大化。)”接着后文举出了三位麻醉师的例子，以此来说明人们从不同的情境中获得快乐。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic.(这些活动包含了爱的所有迹象：在你做这些事之前，你发现自己在期待它们；当你这样做的时候，时间会加速，你会发现自己进入了心流状态；做完这些之后，你会感到精力充沛。)”由此可知，第四段中的“红线”指的是能激起你热情的活动。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.(对待工作就像对待生活一样：把你所爱的最大化。)”结合上文可知作者并不赞成工作与生活平衡的观点，由此可推知，C选项“在工作中找到爱，而不是保持工作和生活的平衡”符合作者观点。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·北京第十五中学·期中）Bright Nights, Big Problems Astronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest) to 1 (darkest), and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies increasingly link our overuse of light at night with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the true value of darkness is something we are barely aware of. Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don’t even know what we are missing. Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no other place to go, that home is here. “Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city’s atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with night’s moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird’s call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own. Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again. 1.The author suggests that because of light pollution we ______. A. tend to come face to face with the universe B. need a lot of imagination to understand the universe C. are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors were D. experience the world in a different way to previous generations 2.What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3? A. We have an over-confident belief in our own value. B. We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves. C. We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet. D. We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth. 3.Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife? A. To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light. B. To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night. C. To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time. D. To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments. 4.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is ______. A. clear about the reasons why artificial light is essential B. dissatisfied with people’s lack of interest in artificial light C. willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darkness D. hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。越来越多的研究表明，我们在晚上过度使用灯光与睡眠障碍和疾病等健康问题有关。但是，我们生活中黑暗的稳定消失并不容易衡量，因为黑暗的真正价值是我们几乎没有意识到的东西。文中作者通过将人造光和自然的黑暗相对比，告诉我们应当肩负起保护星球家园的责任。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don’t even know what we are missing.(从一开始，满天繁星是人类共同经历的一部分。在地球上的每一个地方，在大多数夜晚，人们都与宇宙面对面。这种经历影响了他们的信仰——他们对自己在世界上地位的理解。今天，我们许多人生活在被光污染的天空下。我们生活在星星少得多的夜空下。虽然我们的夜空继续塑造着我们，但正是我们周围宇宙的缺失影响了我们创造的信念。我们被较少的黑暗经历所塑造，我们大多数人甚至不知道我们错过了什么)”可知，作者认为，由于光污染，我们体验世界的方式与前几代人不同。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are.(我们的银河系是几千亿颗恒星的家园，而宇宙是几千亿其他星系的家园。一个有大量星星的天空鼓励我们强调我们的重要性，想象人类是一切事物的中心。面对浩瀚无垠的宇宙，我们才有机会知道自己有多渺小)”可知，作者认为人类对自己的价值过于自信。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中““Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city’s atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with night’s moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird’s call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.( 美国博物学家John Muir写道：“人人都需要面包，也需要美丽”。灯光设计师明白，没有黑暗，就没有“光之城”，他们不断地工作，通过人造光与黑暗的混合来创造他们城市的氛围之美。夜晚的月光照耀着大地，沙漠之雨和秋天之火的气息，昆虫发出的交响乐被湖中鸟儿的鸣叫打断，自然的黑暗也有它自己的许多贡献)”可知，作者提到雨、火和野生动物，是为了给夜晚迷人的魅力提供一个例子。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.(所以，我们要意识到：只要保持现有的灯光，我们就可以显著减少它们对我们身体、思想和灵魂的负面影响。夜晚的人造光是一个奇迹，一种丰富我们生活的品质。但是，黑暗一直以来都是如此，也可以再次如此)”可知，作者乐于将人工光与黑暗进行比较。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京延庆·期中）Does Chinese philosophy influence your parenting? It is the question I am most often asked. Chinese philosophy contains many lessons that are useful, accessible and timely when applied to the challenges of parenting. Confucianism and Daoism suggest ways to guide your children toward meaning and fulfillment rather than wealth and fame. Parenting is tough, especially because there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Different kids need different things. How do we stay focused on what matters most? How do we navigate difficult times with our kids and support them when they struggle? All of us want our children to be successful, partly because we love them and want them to be happy. But it is easy to mistake “success” with certain kinds of academic or athletic achievements. Of course, one can define success in this way. But ancient Chinese philosophers believed that real success is not measured by fame, money or power. A successful life is one in which a person flourishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and they find meaning in what they do and who they are. This type of fulfillment comes from loving and being loved by others within the context of meaningful, lasting relationships; giving generously of what you have to others; caring for and having a genuine love of nature; and shouldering your responsibility. Most of us know that having an Ivy League degree and a high-paying job is not going to make our children happy and fulfilled in life. Yet we worry about how they will find things they love to do and that they are good at. Philosophers from the two most influential ancient Chinese traditions — Confucianism and Daoism — talk more about human flourishing, virtue, happiness and fulfillment than about “success”. Chinese philosophers argued that we genuinely flourish — are happiest and most fulfilled — when we develop these virtues. This can never be measured in terms such as earning power, entering famous schools or getting jobs. Instead, it is measured in how we treat people — how one loves and is loved by one’s family and friends — and in what one does to make the world a kinder, gentler, more humane and beautiful place. They encourage us to help our children learn more about the world around them. The Confucians and Daoists were a little like yin and yang: Confucians have a lot of active, hands-on ways to help children grow, such as participating in traditions, while the Daoists recommend simpler activities, such as exploring the beauty of nature. Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents. Parenting is messy. It is not simple or straightforward but complex and difficult. There are no magic solutions that make things easy or smooth. Most of us will need to piece together different approaches in order to find something that works well and feels right in different situations, for different children, and at different times in a child’s life. 1.According to the author, parenting is challenging because________. A. parents don’t know what success refers to B. children don’t believe in Chinese philosophy C. there are many theories of parenting to choose D. one can’t find a standard approach to suit every child 2.What is the opinion of ancient Chinese philosophers? A. People who flourish can feel successful because they live a meaningful life. B. Only when people make contribution to society can they feel successful. C. A successful life can be measured by reputation and wealth. D. Success just means one should be friendly to nature. 3.What can we infer from this passage? A. Daoists are more influential than Confucians because of their simpler activities. B. Confucians and Daoists together can provide parents abundant resources. C. Confucians think entering famous school can make children flourish. D. It is enough for parents to just learn Chinese Philosophy well. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨中国哲学（儒家和道家思想）对育儿的启发，指出育儿无统一标准，真正的成功是个人的富足与有意义的生活，并强调两种思想能为父母提供多元育儿资源。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Parenting is tough, especially because there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Different kids need different things.(育儿很难，尤其是因为没有一种万能的方法。不同的孩子需要不同的东西。)”可知，育儿具有挑战性的原因是找不到适用于所有孩子的标准方法。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But ancient Chinese philosophers believed that real success is not measured by fame, money or power. A successful life is one in which a person flourishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and they find meaning in what they do and who they are.(但中国古代哲学家认为，真正的成功不能用名声、金钱或权力来衡量。成功的人生是一个人富足的人生：他们快乐、满足，并在自己所做的事和自身中找到意义。)”可知，中国古代哲学家认为，富足的人会感到成功，因为他们过着有意义的生活。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The Confucians and Daoists were a little like yin and yang: Confucians have a lot of active, hands-on ways to help children grow, such as participating in traditions, while the Daoists recommend simpler activities, such as exploring the beauty of nature. Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents.(儒家和道家有点像阴阳：儒家有很多积极、实用的方法来帮助孩子成长，比如参与传统，而道家推荐更简单的活动，比如探索自然之美。他们对美好生活的多元观点，正是中国哲学成为父母宝贵资源的原因。)” 可知，儒家和道家思想各有侧重、相辅相成，二者结合能为父母提供丰富且多元的育儿思路与资源。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Years ago, I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to criticize empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient. Children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves — to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 1.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. The criticism of empathy is scientifically justified. B. Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. C. Psychologists accidentally ignore children’s emotional needs. D. The tech industries may benefit from the psychological trend. 2.Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A. Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B. Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C. Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. D. Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. 3.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B. Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity C. Why Humans prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure D. The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to criticize empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient. Children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. (在这些机器的制造和营销过程中，我们鼓励孩子们建立一种情感联系，这种联系肯定会导致一种缺乏共情的僵化状态。最重要的是，心理学家们也开始批评共情这种独特的人类连接方式，而恰恰在这个时候，我们却开始与那些无法形成共情关系的物体建立联系。这种巧合实在是太巧了。如果孩子们总是与那些无法建立共情关系的物体保持紧密联系，他们就会丧失与他人共情的能力。)”可知，第三段指出，在人们开始与无共情能力的机器建立关系时，心理学家恰好开始批评人类独特的共情能力。这种“巧合”使得人们更容易接受机器，间接利于科技行业推广相关产品，因此“科技行业可能从心理周期的时机中获益”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). (科技促使我们审视人类的价值。我们可以尝试用技术来治疗帕金森氏症或阿尔茨海默氏症，这将是一种祝福，但这种祝福并不是从人工增强大脑转向人工亲密的理由。)”以及第六段中“From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. (从聊胜于无到无与伦比。这些都是我们在逐渐遗忘“人之为人的意义”这趟旅程中的站点。但这种遗忘早在我们拥有机器人伴侣之前就已开始；它始于我们甚至萌生“要拥有一个机器人伴侣”这个念头的那一刻。)”可知，文章提到我们可以利用技术治疗帕金森或老年痴呆症，这是好事；但会让人们逐渐忘记共情，因此人工亲密感反映了技术进步但威胁到了共情。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves — to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. (如今作为人类，就是要努力保持真正的同理心。要铭记其重要性，铭记我们所珍视的东西。如今，作为人类，就是要时刻铭记自己所拥有的美好。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。所以B选项“假装亲密：当机器减少我们的人性时”是最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京汇文中学教育集团-度·期中）When climate activists glued themselves to the frame of a copy of The Last Supper at London’s Royal Academy of Arts, they received a fairly sympathetic hearing. “No painting is worth more than my six-month-old nephew’s life,” said a protestor, criticizing the British government’s support of the fossil fuel industry during the urgent climate crisis. But when protestors threw tomato soup at Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and mashed potatoes at Haystacks by Monet — the censure rose. “Absolutely absurd,” said the culture minister of France. “We have been deeply shaken by their risky endangerment,” read a statement from the International Council of Museums. The protestors are targeting works that are protected behind glass — at least for now — so actual damage has been minimal. And perhaps the anger greeting their acts proves their point, that people care more about the threatened destruction of a painting than the actual destruction of the planet. But as the attacks wear on, and their impact decreases, they risk changing into a joke. What’s especially misguided about the protests is their binary nature. “What is worth more, art or life?” a protestor asked. Why choose? “It’s possible to blame both environmental vandalism (蓄意破坏) and cultural vandalism at the same time,” Mark Pasnik, chair of the Boston Art Commission said. Art is not the problem here. In fact, contemporary artists are making quite effective works about the climate crisis, precisely using art as activism. Maya Lin’s Ghost Forest, a climate change memorial she created in a New York City park, is only one example. “I believe that art can help us imagine and map sustainable future scenarios (设想) and, in doing so, give people a way to see and hope for a different future,” Lin said. The climate activists are surely correct that the pace of reform is far too slow, as the planet burns and deadly storms intensify. But they casually dismiss the sincere efforts of millions of people working on the issue. It would be easier to respect the young protesters at Just Stop Oil, Last Generation, and the rest of the splash groups if they were to spend their time and energy on the unexciting but essential political work around climate change: legislation, regulation, and winning hearts and minds. Perhaps predictably, the debates caused by the protests have not been about climate change, but about the protests themselves. Given how little they’ve done to generate serious discussion or engage people to the cause, the art attacks seem less like vital acts of lawbreaking than mere theatre. 1.What does the underlined word “censure” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Stress. B. Criticism. C. Approval. D. Spirits. 2.Which idea can help explain climate activists’ action? A. The end justifies the means. B. Art speaks where words fail. C. The freedom of protest should be protected. D. Art matters in the fight against climate crisis. 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Art attacks are mainly about seeking attention. B. Climate activists should diversify their strategies. C. The solution to climate crisis lies in communication. D. Galleries should strengthen regulations like theaters. 4.The author writes the passage to ________. A. launch a campaign B. assess a debate C. propose a solution D. challenge a practice 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了气候活动家通过攻击艺术品来抗议气候变化的行为，以及这种行为的效果和影响。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“But when protesters threw tomato soup at Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, and mashed potatoes at Haystacks by Monet — the censure rose(但当抗议者向梵高的《向日葵》扔番茄汤，向莫奈的《干草堆》扔土豆泥时，censure高涨)”可知，当抗议者向名画投掷食物时，引起了人们的强烈反应，导致了批评。由此猜测，censure意为“批评”，与criticism意思相近。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“And perhaps the anger greeting their acts proves their point, that people care more about the threatened destruction of a painting than the actual destruction of the planet. (也许人们对他们的行为感到愤怒，这证明了他们的观点：人们更关心画作受到威胁的破坏，而不是地球实际上的破坏)”可知，气候活动家的激进行为是为了证明他们的观点（即人们更关心艺术品的潜在破坏，而不是地球的实际破坏），这让普通群众对此感到愤怒，可得出气候活动家的行动表明“为了正当目的可以不择手段”，故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given how little they’ve done to generate serious discussion or engage people to the cause, the art attacks seem less like vital acts of lawbreaking than mere theatre.(考虑到他们在引发严肃讨论或吸引人们关注这一事业方面所做的努力微乎其微，艺术攻击似乎更像是戏剧表演，而不是至关重要的违法行为)”可知，作者认为气候活动家的艺术攻击行为更像是为了吸引注意力，而不是为了真正解决气候危机，故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“When climate activists glued themselves to the frame of a copy of The Last Supper at London’s Royal Academy of Arts, they received a fairly sympathetic hearing. “No painting is worth more than my six-month-old nephew’s life,” said a protester, criticizing the British government’s support of the fossil fuel industry during the urgent climate crisis.(当气候活动人士将自己粘在伦敦皇家艺术学院一幅《最后的晚餐》复制品的框架上时，他们得到了相当同情的回应。“没有任何画作比我六个月大的侄子的生命更重要，”一名抗议者在批评英国政府在紧迫的气候危机中支持化石燃料产业时说)”、第二段“We have been deeply shaken by their risky endangerment(我们被他们的危险行为深深震惊了)”、第五段“In fact, contemporary artists are making quite effective works about the climate crisis, precisely using art as activism.(其实当代艺术家们正在用艺术作为行动主义的方式，创作出关于气候危机的相当有效的作品)”以及最后一段“Given how little they’ve done to generate serious discussion or engage people to the cause, the art attacks seem less like vital acts of lawbreaking than mere theatre.(考虑到他们在引发严肃讨论或吸引人们关注这一事业方面所做的努力微乎其微，艺术攻击似乎更像是戏剧表演，而不是至关重要的违法行为)”可知，本文讨论了气候活动家通过攻击艺术品来抗议气候变化的行为，以及这种行为的效果和影响，并对这种行为提出了质疑，认为他们应该采取更有效的方式来应对气候危机。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是质疑和挑战这种实践，故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Who doesn’t stand in awe of the advances that science and its STEM siblings (technology, engineering, and math) have created to better our world? But since the time of Aristotle, it has also been recognized that the hard sciences and the humanities must walk side by side in determining human action. The ancient Greek philosopher praised “practical wisdom” as the “middle ground” between scientific knowledge and what he referred to as the “cunning (狡诈的) intelligence of politicians, military generals and business leaders”. In his Nicomachean Ethics, he rejected the idea that scientific knowledge alone could determine the affairs of the complex human social world. Likewise, he saw that cunning was insufficient to shape society. Aristotle insisted that practical wisdom was required for the advancement of the human race as it would take into account what he called “the common good,” doing what is right for the majority of people living together in society. Aristotle’s philosophy is still sound today. But to the extent that we side with him, we must challenge our modern era’s overwhelming emphasis on the STEM disciplines as the key to progress. Yes, we will continue to welcome advances in computerization, robotics, medicine and more. But to ensure these innovations are in service of the good life, we must also advance our thinking in the humanities: philosophy, social affairs and the arts. Instead of just STEM, we should perhaps be promoting STEMMA. In that case, we will be able to raise a new generation that has greater capacities for managing collective human efforts and appreciating the arts. Management education — the new “M” — has not always been integrated into humanistic thinking, but it must become more so. Our goal must be to develop the thoughtful leaders of the future. Regarding the “A,” how could it be beneficial to the future without emphasizing the arts, which inform our knowledge of beauty and meaning in human affairs? All the brilliant discoveries of STEM will not solve the grand challenges of today’s world — ignorance, poverty, intolerance and political conflict— without the practical wisdom of humanities-trained leaders. We can’t march boldly into the future without the capabilities necessary for preserving our human dignity in a world of artificial superintelligence (ASI). Humans are not robots and neurons are not digital switches. It is only through the humanities that we will be able to appreciate the answers that superintelligent computers give us when we ask them questions. It is only through the humanities that we will increasingly recognize and build on what we humans uniquely are. 1.What is the limitation of relying only on STEM disciplines? A. They lack the precision needed for modern innovations. B. They prevent the development of artificial superintelligence. C. They cannot meet the severe challenges of human society alone. D. They are too focused on theoretical rather than practical knowledge. 2.The term “practical wisdom” as used by Aristotle emphasizes ________. A. the need for military strategies in societal development B. the importance of thoughtful business leaders of the future C. the advantage of political philosophy over scientific knowledge D. the value of balancing scientific knowledge and cunning intelligence 3.What can we infer about “STEMMA”? A. It directs STEM towards human-centered goals. B. It empowers humans to manage the global economy. C. It represents an educational model designed to replace STEM. D. It suggests art appreciation is the ultimate solution to global challenges. 4.How does the author view the relationship between humans and ASI? A. The development of ASI comes at the expense of human dignity. B. Human uniqueness is defined by contrasting it with ASI’s capabilities. C. ASI’s outputs are beyond humans’ comprehension without the humanities. D. ASI’s analytical power can make up for the shortcomings in the humanities. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了STEM学科（科学、技术、工程和数学）在推动世界进步方面的作用，同时强调了人文学科（哲学、社会事务和艺术）的重要性，并提出了STEMMA的概念，主张在STEM教育中融入管理和艺术。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In his Nicomachean Ethics, he rejected the idea that scientific knowledge alone could determine the affairs of the complex human social world. (在他的《尼各马可伦理学》中，他拒绝了科学知识可以单独决定复杂的人类社会事务的观点。)”和第四段中“All the brilliant discoveries of STEM will not solve the grand challenges of today’s world — ignorance, poverty, intolerance and political conflict — without the practical wisdom of humanities-trained leaders. (若缺乏人文教育背景领导者的务实智慧，STEM领域的所有卓越发现都无法解决当今世界的重大挑战——无知、贫困、不容忍与政治冲突。)”可知，仅靠STEM学科无法解决当今世界的重大挑战，必须结合人文学科的实践智慧，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The ancient Greek philosopher praised “practical wisdom” as the “middle ground” between scientific knowledge and what he referred to as the “cunning (狡诈的) intelligence of politicians, military generals and business leaders”. (这位古希腊哲学家称赞“实践智慧”是科学知识和他所说的“政治家、军事将领和商业领袖的狡猾智慧”之间的“中间地带”。)”和“Aristotle insisted that practical wisdom was required for the advancement of the human race as it would take into account what he called “the common good,” doing what is right for the majority of people living together in society. (亚里士多德坚持认为，实践智慧是人类进步所必需的，因为它会考虑到他所谓的“共同利益”，为社会中共同生活的大多数人做正确的事情。)”可知，亚里士多德的“实践智慧”是科学知识与“狡诈的智慧”之间的“中间地带”，并强调它需考虑“共同利益”。选项D “平衡科学知识与狡诈智慧的价值”准确概括了这一定位，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Management education — the new “M” — has not always been integrated into humanistic thinking, but it must become more so. Our goal must be to develop the thoughtful leaders of the future. Regarding the “A,” how could it be beneficial to the future without emphasizing the arts, which inform our knowledge of beauty and meaning in human affairs? All the brilliant discoveries of STEM will not solve the grand challenges of today’s world — ignorance, poverty, intolerance and political conflict — without the practical wisdom of humanities-trained leaders. (管理教育——新的“M”——并不总是与人文主义思想相结合，但它必须更加如此。我们的目标必须是培养未来有思想的领导人。关于“A”，如果不强调艺术，它怎么能对未来有益呢？艺术告诉我们人类事物的美和意义。若缺乏人文教育背景领导者的务实智慧，STEM领域的所有卓越发现都无法解决当今世界的重大挑战——无知、贫困、不容忍与政治冲突。)”可知，STEMMA在原文中由STEM扩展而来，新增的M（管理教育）和A（艺术）旨在培养兼顾人类集体协作与艺术鉴赏的领导者，选项A“将STEM导向以人类为中心的目标”符合此意，故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is only through the humanities that we will be able to appreciate the answers that superintelligent computers give us when we ask them questions. It is only through the humanities that we will increasingly recognize and build on what we humans uniquely are. (只有通过人文学科，我们才能欣赏超级智能计算机在我们提问时给出的答案。只有通过人文学科，我们才能越来越多地认识到并建立起我们人类的独特性。)”可知，唯有通过人文学科，人类才能理解超级智能（ASI）的答案，并认识自身独特性，选项C“若无人文学科，人类无法理解ASI的输出”直接对应此观点，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 1.According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 2.The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 3.As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”、B项“When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项“When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. (然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要)”可知，关于人工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. (然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器)”可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学燕化附属中学·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A. propose a definition B. make a comparison C. reach a conclusion D. present an argument 2.According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________. A. lead a simple and satisfying life B. be curious about the unknown C. follow the custom all the time D. try to avoid making mistakes 3.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. B. Experience and special abilities are the keys to success. C. The genius can get things done easily and creatively. D. Satisfying yourself can help you become an expert. 4.What could be the best title of the passage? A. Young Minds Never Feel Contented B. Trial and Error Leads lo Success C. The Keys to Achievement D. Well Begun Is Half Done 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。经过多年对人性的观察，作者发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.(经过多年对人性的观察，我发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满)”可知，第一段提出了本文的论点，可推理出作者写第一段的目的是陈述论点，故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”(像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都很好奇，不满意地问道：“为什么？为什么？为什么。”)”以及下文““The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”(“伟人，”孟子说，“是不失童心的人。”)”可推理出，作者认为不失童心的人对未知的事物感到好奇，故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段“She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.(她很好奇专家们是怎么做到的。现在她成了其中一位专家，正在写插花方面的书。)”以及第七段“Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.(请记住，托马斯·科斯坦出版第一部小说时57岁，摩西奶奶在78岁时展示了她的第一张照片。)”可知，保持好奇心和不满，什么时候开始都不晚，可推理出作者写这两段的主要目的是告诉人们：缺乏天赋和时间并不是不采取行动的理由，故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.(经过多年对人性的观察，我发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满)”、第二段“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”(像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都很好奇，不满地问道：“为什么？为什么？为什么。”)”以及第七段“Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.(请记住，托马斯·科斯坦出版第一部小说时57岁，摩西奶奶在78岁时展示了她的第一张照片。)”可知本文主要论证了有成就的人的关键品质为：好奇心和不满，分析选项，C项“The Keys to Achievement(成就的秘诀)”表达的含义适合用作本文标题，故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中）For decades gold miners have pillaged the rich Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios —considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve—home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 1.The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ________. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 2.How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 3.According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ________. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯地区的非法采矿问题。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. (现在一项研究报告称，尽管当地政府努力遏制，但非法采矿仍在急剧增加，这正taking a heavy toll on生态系统)”及后文第四段“Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment (从岩石中提取黄金会污染环境)”和“Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery(矿工们经常用重型机械砍伐数千英亩的森林)”可知，非法采矿对生态系统产生了负面影响，因此“taking a heavy toll on”意为“对……产生负面影响”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. (从岩石中提取黄金会污染环境。非法采矿活动通常使用液态汞，这是一种有毒化学物质，会渗入土壤或被燃烧后以有毒烟雾的形式释放。而非法采矿的后果远不止提取过程本身。矿工们经常用重型机械砍伐数千英亩的森林，在地表留下疤痕)”可知，非法采矿通过污染土地和砍伐森林来影响生态系统。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly, degraded in the years to come.”(“如果采矿趋势继续下去，”利亚克塔约说，“在未来几年，这些地区的许多地方将不可逆转地退化。”)”可知，威廉·利亚克塔约认为研究揭示的非法采矿持续增加的现象是令人担忧的。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·北京丰台·期中）For almost two centuries, newspapers have been on a journey into the mass market which gave them scale, reputation and profit but which has now reached its end. They mostly abandoned dependence on subscriptions and instead sold below production cost as a way to attract readers to sell to advertisers. Since the Internet took off, the print media’s advertising-supported business model has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half. Though online traffic has risen, profit from digital advertising has failed to offset (抵消) the profit draining out of print. “Platforms have become the new kings of the media landscape,” says the Competition and Markets Authority, a regulator. This power shift has led newspapers in many countries to turn to authorities for help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a loud voice, they have generated sympathy. How much they deserve it is another matter. The world is filled with businesses torn apart by the digital revolution without anyone rushing to the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supports grass-roots journalism, which, though often loss-making, supports fairness and equality. That is reasonable. Yet it is mixed with other motivations, such as the desire to choke the tech giants. The result is a range of interventions aimed at putting the pressure on big tech. Mindful of the outcry, big tech is offering a handout, promising $1bn over three years to newspapers to provide news content for its site. Some publishers saw it as an unstated admission that big tech should pay for news. If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. Claims that the tech giants are robbing newspapers for profit sound far-fetched, too. The real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to platforms, making it harder to monetise the traffic. This is a mistake some content industries, such as video-streaming and music, have avoided. Moreover, some of the advertising dollars made by big tech came from bringing new firms into the market, rather than taking online advertisers from newspapers. So ignore the complaining of old-media companies in distress and look instead at how some newspapers have already adapted to the digital invasion. Also some digital publications with a newsworthy focus are thriving. The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would “undermine the principles of an independent press”. 1.Why does the author cite the statistics in Paragraph 2? A. To prove the decline of print media. B. To emphasize the popularity of platforms. C. To indicate the importance of digital advertising. D. To demonstrate the inconsistency in subscriptions. 2.The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. was taking off B. was moving forward C. was falling apart D. was struggling along 3.Which of the following may the author agree with? A. The platform should support grass-roots journalism. B. The old media should produce marketable products. C. New online advertisers should be introduced. D. Effective interventions should be made. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Where is the Digital Age leading the press? B. Are online platforms really a way out? C. How the Internet impacts old media? D. Should big tech save newspapers? 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half.(在过去的20年里，报纸的广告利润下降了大约80%，而发行量大约下降了一半)”可知，此处引用数据是为了证明印刷媒体的衰落，故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living on fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product.(发行量相对于人口也有所下降，这表明利润是由经济和人口增长支撑的，而不是因为该行业在生产更受欢迎的产品)”可知，旧媒体应该生产适销对路的产品，故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would ‘undermine the principles of an independent press’.(谁为公共新闻买单的问题仍然没有答案。但很少有人认为应该是科技巨头。这将‘破坏新闻独立的原则’)”可知，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救，D项“科技巨头应该拯救报纸吗？”最适合作为标题，故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京第五十五中学·期中）Let’s start with the end. If you know anything about the state of artificial intelligence, it’s that many of the people advancing the technology are seriously worried about the technology they’ re advancing. Two statements stand out. The first followed the release of the company Open AI’s ChatGPT-4, calling for a six-month pause on any AI system going beyond GPT’s capabilities. The signatories (签署者) asked: “Should we develop nonhuman minds that might eventually outnumber, outsmart, and replace us?” The second statement, issued in May, 2023, signed by nearly all the major AI company CEOs and most of the top AI research scientists, was just 22 words long: “Mitigating (减轻) the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks like pandemics and nuclear war.” So, who’s excited for AI? I am? Maybe? AI tools are helping the speechless speak and reducing energy consumption largely. There are brilliant people who say this is kid stuff. Soon everyone will have a customized knowledge assistant. The removal of loneliness is coming. Other equally brilliant people go straight to the other direction. Their imagination covers everything from an AI-manufactured extinction-level virus to societal destruction as jobs disappear and inequality becomes permanent. OpenAI’s product launch made jaws drop. The tech is moving fast, but its impact will arrive in waves. We’ve already seen slight decrease in ChatGPT usage. That hardly means chatbots are doomed (注定失败的) or AI is a craze. Only that it’s early. It will take time to understand how people adapt to these new tools. That time should not be wasted. The processors will keep processing — and we need to get ready. Because however far-fetched the idea of an artificial general intelligence — meaning an autonomous system that one day goes beyond human abilities — it’s not impossible. We can also look out for the many ways AI tools can help us fix the hard problems humanity simply hasn’t been able to solve. That’s the goal here, in this space, to examine AI in a slightly less anxiety-stricken way. The story so far has been told by geniuses with mixed motives and terrible emotional intelligence. It’s really no surprise that they’re also lousy storytéllers. Who starts with extinction? Let’s begin again, this time with creation. All of the software we’ve ever used was engineered to work backward from an outcome. Its creators wanted to help you find a webpage or play a game. Perhaps you’ve noticed that the major AI chatbots arrived with almost no user documentation or instructions. That’s what makes this moment unique. We humans have created a tool for potentially infinite tasks. Its imperfections are ours to solve — and its powers still ours to shape. 1.What can we learn from the two statements? A. The potential of AI is cause for concern. B. AI advancement deserves a global priority. C. The risk AI brings is impossible to control. D. AI is a common interest of whoever develops it. 2.As for AI, which would the author agree with? A. It is unlikely to go beyond human abilities. B. It may be applied to handle climate change. C. It is misused by geniuses with bad motives. D. It will gradually move towards imperfection. 3.What does the underlined word “lousy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Awful. B. Gifted. C. Unexpected. D. Experienced. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI Is Humans’ Doomed Enemy B. AI Is on the Road to Destruction C. Are We Aware of the Risks from AI? D. Do We Hate AI for All the Right Reasons? 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇议论文，作者针对“AI的未来潜力是否值得担忧”这一点进行展开论述，表达了AI的不完美可以由人为解决，AI的未来力量由人类塑造的观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you know anything about the state of artificial intelligence, it’s that many of the people advancing the technology are seriously worried about the technology they’ re advancing. Two statements stand out. (如果你对人工智能的现状有所了解，你就会知道，许多推进这项技术的人都非常担心他们正在推进的技术。有两种说法很突出)”及第一段陈述的两项声明可知，许多推进人工智能技术的人十分担忧这项技术，因此，人工智能的潜力令人担忧。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The processors will keep processing — and we need to get ready. Because however far-fetched the idea of an artificial general intelligence — meaning an autonomous system that one day goes beyond human abilities — it’s not impossible. We can also look out for the many ways AI tools can help us fix the hard problems humanity simply hasn’t been able to solve.(处理器会持续运行——而我们需要做好准备。因为尽管通用人工智能（即有朝一日超越人类能力的自主系统）的想法看似遥不可及，但它并非完全不可能实现。我们也可以期待人工智能工具能以多种方式帮助我们解决人类一直未能解决的难题)”及最后一段“We humans have created a tool for potentially infinite tasks. Its imperfections are ours to solve—and its powers still ours to shape.(我们人类创造了一种工具，可以完成潜在的无限任务。它的不完美有待我们去解决，而它的力量仍有待我们去塑造)”可推知，作者认为，人工智能工具能以多种方式帮助我们解决人类一直未能解决的难题，如，天气改变问题，作者会同意AI可以应用于应对气候变化。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“That’s the goal here, in this space, to examine AI in a slightly less anxiety-stricken way. The story so far has been told by geniuses with mixed motives and terrible emotional intelligence.(这就是我们的目标，在这个领域，以一种不那么焦虑的方式来研究人工智能。到目前为止，这个故事是由一些动机复杂、情商低下的天才讲述的)”可知，这些讲故事的人是糟糕的故事人，lousy与awful意思相近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Let’s begin again, this time with creation. All of the software we’ve ever used was engineered to work backward from an outcome. Its creators wanted to help you find a webpage or play a game. Perhaps you’ve noticed that the major AI chatbots arrived with almost no user documentation or instructions. That’s what makes this moment unique. We humans have created a tool for potentially infinite tasks. Its imperfections are ours to solve — and its powers still ours to shape.(让我们重新开始，这次从创造开始。我们曾经使用过的所有软件都是根据结果进行逆向设计的。它的创造者想要帮助你找到网页或玩游戏。也许你已经注意到，主要的人工智能聊天机器人几乎没有用户文档或说明。这就是这一刻的独特之处。我们人类创造了一种工具，可以完成潜在的无限任务。它的不完美需要我们去解决——它的力量仍然需要我们去塑造)”及全文内容可知，作者针对“AI的未来潜力是否值得担忧”这一点进行展开论述，表达了AI的不完美可以由人为解决，AI的未来力量由人类塑造的观点，D选项“我们讨厌AI的理由都对吗？”最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校·期中）Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App. But some worry that so much messaging leads to less communication. For instance, when hanging out with friends, we’d be texting secretively at the same time, pretending to maintain eye contact but mentally somewhere else. New technologies often upset the way we relate to one another, of course. But such division caused by texting has a strong echo in the arguments we had over telephone a hundred years ago. The small device gave us a new way to contact one another and quickly promote new forms of socializing. Callers arranged regular “visiting” calls, dialing remote family to catch up on news. Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly (果冻) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897. However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful. Michéle Martin of Carleton University, thinks we’re living through a replay of the telephone, where the things that made it valuable — instant communications — are the same that made it annoying. “People believe they are liberated because they can bring the mobile phone everywhere,” Martin says. “But at the same time, they are slaves to it.” 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To describe a scene. C. To offer an argument. D. To issue a warning. 2.According to paragraph 4, what does telephone use cause? A. People experience very tight schedule. B. People tend to lack individuality. C. People become narrow and uninformed. D. People lose the ability to reflect. 3.What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Telephone calls are particularly welcomed in dating. B. Teenagers are addicted to communicating by texting. C. The shift to texting is destructive to face-to-face time. D. The meaning of communication goes beyond medium. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before! B. Gone with the Wind, Dear Texting! C. Life is Too Short for So Many Texting. D. Oh, Telephone, a Tale of Two Sides. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了短信交流是否导致人与人之间疏远，通过对比短信与电话交流的影响来探讨这一问题。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App.(短信正在让我们疏远吗？如今，我们经常用拇指互相交谈——每天发送60亿条短信，而在Whats App等服务上可能还会多发送几十亿条。)”可知，第一段通过提出“短信是否让我们疏远”的问题，并给出当前短信发送量的数据，来引出文章要讨论的主题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“ Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly ( 果冻 ) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897.(然而不久之后，社会评论家们认为，仅仅通过通话就能交流得如此顺畅，以至于我们根本无法独处片刻。还有人担心电话会加快生活节奏，要求人们立即做出反应。电话的使用几乎没有给人们留下思考的空间。它让日常生活中原本平凡的事情变得混乱不堪，这不利于家庭的幸福。“我们很快就会变成彼此透明的果冻般的存在了。”1897 年，一位伦敦作家如此哀叹道。)”可知，文章第四段提到，反对电话的人认为，电话使得人们交流过于便捷，会让人失去独处的时间，还会加速生活节奏，要求人们即时回应，且缺乏思考空间，甚至认为这会让人们在日常事务中变得 “疯狂”，一位伦敦作家还抱怨 “我们很快会变成彼此面前透明的果冻”，暗示人们会因电话失去个性和隐私。A 选项 “日程紧张” 并非原文强调的核心问题；C 选项 “视野狭窄、信息闭塞” 与电话促进沟通的特点相悖；D 选项 “失去思考能力” 原文表述为 “缺乏思考空间（gave little room for reflection）”，并非 “失去思考能力”，表述不准确，故 B 选项正确。电话的使用导致人们往往缺乏个性。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful.(但如今，打电话反而像是回到了更温和的旧时光。爱荷华大学的传播学教授珍娜・伯奇曾和一个坚持打电话联系她的人约会，她觉得这种方式温暖又愉快。因此她认为，转向短信交流并没有降低我们互动的质量。根据她的研究，发短信最多的青少年，也是和朋友面对面相处时间最长的群体。看来，沟通只会带来更多沟通——而且正如她所说，不能仅仅因为交流是通过短信进行的，就否定它的意义。)”可知，沟通的意义超越了媒介本身。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先提出短信是否导致人与人之间疏远的问题，然后通过对比短信与电话交流的影响，指出新技术往往会改变我们彼此相处的方式，但短信交流并不一定意味着沟通没有意义。文章最后提到，我们正在经历电话时代的重演，其中使电话有价值的东西——即时通讯——也是使它令人讨厌的东西。因此，A选项“Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before!(天哪！我们以前来过这里！)”最符合文章主旨，既表达了短信与电话交流影响的相似性，又带有一种对历史重演的感慨，适合用作标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than unpaid caring for family or friends, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Using a series of experiments and data from a longitudinal survey, the researchers examined the differences between different socioeconomic groups and how they perceive their contributions to society. In the early stage of the research, the researchers found that people with higher socioeconomic status volunteered more and perceive their contributions as great. In contrast, those with lower socioeconomic status, despite spending more time on unpaid care, felt they contributed less to society. “The belief that helping strangers is the gold standard of contributing seems to be a widely accepted but little recognized assumption. Our research brings this assumption to the surface and questions who it benefits and who it overlooks,” Reinhart said. In a subsequent experiment, participants were asked to read about three people who tutor (辅导) a younger student. One person was required to tutor a younger student in an after-school programme, one person chose to tutor a younger student, and one person tutored their younger cousin. The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. Though people thought tutoring a family member was more moral, they did not think tutoring a family member made a significantly greater contribution to society. These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution, according to Reinhart. “As the US population ages, the 20% of Americans caring for an adult, most often a relative, will only increase in the coming years. To meet the growing demand for caring, we must value this vital labour,” Reinhart said. “We need to do more to recognize the personal and societal importance of helping people close to home in our everyday circles and investing in these local relationships. Caregiving, perhaps especially when unpaid and with little choice involved, is still a significant contribution.” 1.What does the research focus on? A. The cognition of contributions to society. B. The importance of volunteering. C. The economic value of caring. D. The impact of socioeconomic status. 2.Which type of tutoring can get the highest recognition according to this experiment? A. Tutoring a younger cousin. B. Tutoring a student for payment. C. Tutoring a specific person in the experiment. D. Tutoring a kid at a Children’s Home. 3.What can we infer from Paragraph 6? A. Volunteering is the most meaningful activity. B. The perception of caring giving needs to be reshaped. C. People hold broad views on societal contributions. D. Society counts on meaningful contributions from its citizens. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Americans’ perception of societal contributions B. The demands of aging population on caring giving C. Unpaid caring is undervalued by society D. The impact of socioeconomic status on volunteering 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 1.Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1? A. To offer an approach to handling failure. B. To introduce a common attitude towards failure. C. To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. D. To discuss the relationship between success and failure. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It does harm to our self-image. B. It pictures us as perfect people. C. It protects us from false feedback. D. It makes us refuse negative feedback to ourselves. 3.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Hurriedly. B. Mistakenly. C. Unhappily. D. Carelessly. 4.Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. B. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. C. Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. D. Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash. A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 1.What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing. C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision. 2.What can we learn about the author’s early zero-waste experience? A. It’s vital to communicate in time to clear misunderstandings. B. It’s worthwhile to encourage everyone to start with small things. C. It’s possible to encounter criticism when changing one’s lifestyle. D. It’s necessary to use reusable containers for environmental protection. 3.To practice a zero-waste lifestyle, the author ________. A. debated with her family when questioned B. managed the waste for the entire household C. embraced simple living to foster sustainability D. encouraged her family to use eco-friendly products 4.Which of the following best describes the author? A. Determined and strategic. B. Persistent and cooperative. C. Kind-hearted and enthusiastic. D. Empathetic and innovative. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）If you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance-parents happy, kids taken care of, work working-then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life. Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life-just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love. We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does. Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance. These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout. The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up. Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best. 1.What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance? A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Neutral. 2.The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________. A. prove people benefit from work B. indicate doctors take pride in their work C. show people gain joy from different situations D. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully 3.“Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________. A. arouse your passion B. satisfy your desires C. improve your motivation D. require your efforts 4.Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life. B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling. C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance. D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·北京第十五中学·期中）Bright Nights, Big Problems Astronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest) to 1 (darkest), and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies increasingly link our overuse of light at night with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the true value of darkness is something we are barely aware of. Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don’t even know what we are missing. Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no other place to go, that home is here. “Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city’s atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with night’s moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird’s call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own. Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again. 1.The author suggests that because of light pollution we ______. A. tend to come face to face with the universe B. need a lot of imagination to understand the universe C. are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors were D. experience the world in a different way to previous generations 2.What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3? A. We have an over-confident belief in our own value. B. We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves. C. We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet. D. We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth. 3.Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife? A. To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light. B. To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night. C. To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time. D. To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments. 4.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is ______. A. clear about the reasons why artificial light is essential B. dissatisfied with people’s lack of interest in artificial light C. willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darkness D. hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京延庆·期中）Does Chinese philosophy influence your parenting? It is the question I am most often asked. Chinese philosophy contains many lessons that are useful, accessible and timely when applied to the challenges of parenting. Confucianism and Daoism suggest ways to guide your children toward meaning and fulfillment rather than wealth and fame. Parenting is tough, especially because there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Different kids need different things. How do we stay focused on what matters most? How do we navigate difficult times with our kids and support them when they struggle? All of us want our children to be successful, partly because we love them and want them to be happy. But it is easy to mistake “success” with certain kinds of academic or athletic achievements. Of course, one can define success in this way. But ancient Chinese philosophers believed that real success is not measured by fame, money or power. A successful life is one in which a person flourishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and they find meaning in what they do and who they are. This type of fulfillment comes from loving and being loved by others within the context of meaningful, lasting relationships; giving generously of what you have to others; caring for and having a genuine love of nature; and shouldering your responsibility. Most of us know that having an Ivy League degree and a high-paying job is not going to make our children happy and fulfilled in life. Yet we worry about how they will find things they love to do and that they are good at. Philosophers from the two most influential ancient Chinese traditions — Confucianism and Daoism — talk more about human flourishing, virtue, happiness and fulfillment than about “success”. Chinese philosophers argued that we genuinely flourish — are happiest and most fulfilled — when we develop these virtues. This can never be measured in terms such as earning power, entering famous schools or getting jobs. Instead, it is measured in how we treat people — how one loves and is loved by one’s family and friends — and in what one does to make the world a kinder, gentler, more humane and beautiful place. They encourage us to help our children learn more about the world around them. The Confucians and Daoists were a little like yin and yang: Confucians have a lot of active, hands-on ways to help children grow, such as participating in traditions, while the Daoists recommend simpler activities, such as exploring the beauty of nature. Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents. Parenting is messy. It is not simple or straightforward but complex and difficult. There are no magic solutions that make things easy or smooth. Most of us will need to piece together different approaches in order to find something that works well and feels right in different situations, for different children, and at different times in a child’s life. 1.According to the author, parenting is challenging because________. A. parents don’t know what success refers to B. children don’t believe in Chinese philosophy C. there are many theories of parenting to choose D. one can’t find a standard approach to suit every child 2.What is the opinion of ancient Chinese philosophers? A. People who flourish can feel successful because they live a meaningful life. B. Only when people make contribution to society can they feel successful. C. A successful life can be measured by reputation and wealth. D. Success just means one should be friendly to nature. 3.What can we infer from this passage? A. Daoists are more influential than Confucians because of their simpler activities. B. Confucians and Daoists together can provide parents abundant resources. C. Confucians think entering famous school can make children flourish. D. It is enough for parents to just learn Chinese Philosophy well. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Years ago, I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to criticize empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient. Children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves — to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 1.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. The criticism of empathy is scientifically justified. B. Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. C. Psychologists accidentally ignore children’s emotional needs. D. The tech industries may benefit from the psychological trend. 2.Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A. Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B. Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C. Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. D. Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. 3.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B. Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity C. Why Humans prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure D. The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京汇文中学教育集团-度·期中）When climate activists glued themselves to the frame of a copy of The Last Supper at London’s Royal Academy of Arts, they received a fairly sympathetic hearing. “No painting is worth more than my six-month-old nephew’s life,” said a protestor, criticizing the British government’s support of the fossil fuel industry during the urgent climate crisis. But when protestors threw tomato soup at Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and mashed potatoes at Haystacks by Monet — the censure rose. “Absolutely absurd,” said the culture minister of France. “We have been deeply shaken by their risky endangerment,” read a statement from the International Council of Museums. The protestors are targeting works that are protected behind glass — at least for now — so actual damage has been minimal. And perhaps the anger greeting their acts proves their point, that people care more about the threatened destruction of a painting than the actual destruction of the planet. But as the attacks wear on, and their impact decreases, they risk changing into a joke. What’s especially misguided about the protests is their binary nature. “What is worth more, art or life?” a protestor asked. Why choose? “It’s possible to blame both environmental vandalism (蓄意破坏) and cultural vandalism at the same time,” Mark Pasnik, chair of the Boston Art Commission said. Art is not the problem here. In fact, contemporary artists are making quite effective works about the climate crisis, precisely using art as activism. Maya Lin’s Ghost Forest, a climate change memorial she created in a New York City park, is only one example. “I believe that art can help us imagine and map sustainable future scenarios (设想) and, in doing so, give people a way to see and hope for a different future,” Lin said. The climate activists are surely correct that the pace of reform is far too slow, as the planet burns and deadly storms intensify. But they casually dismiss the sincere efforts of millions of people working on the issue. It would be easier to respect the young protesters at Just Stop Oil, Last Generation, and the rest of the splash groups if they were to spend their time and energy on the unexciting but essential political work around climate change: legislation, regulation, and winning hearts and minds. Perhaps predictably, the debates caused by the protests have not been about climate change, but about the protests themselves. Given how little they’ve done to generate serious discussion or engage people to the cause, the art attacks seem less like vital acts of lawbreaking than mere theatre. 1.What does the underlined word “censure” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Stress. B. Criticism. C. Approval. D. Spirits. 2.Which idea can help explain climate activists’ action? A. The end justifies the means. B. Art speaks where words fail. C. The freedom of protest should be protected. D. Art matters in the fight against climate crisis. 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Art attacks are mainly about seeking attention. B. Climate activists should diversify their strategies. C. The solution to climate crisis lies in communication. D. Galleries should strengthen regulations like theaters. 4.The author writes the passage to ________. A. launch a campaign B. assess a debate C. propose a solution D. challenge a practice 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Who doesn’t stand in awe of the advances that science and its STEM siblings (technology, engineering, and math) have created to better our world? But since the time of Aristotle, it has also been recognized that the hard sciences and the humanities must walk side by side in determining human action. The ancient Greek philosopher praised “practical wisdom” as the “middle ground” between scientific knowledge and what he referred to as the “cunning (狡诈的) intelligence of politicians, military generals and business leaders”. In his Nicomachean Ethics, he rejected the idea that scientific knowledge alone could determine the affairs of the complex human social world. Likewise, he saw that cunning was insufficient to shape society. Aristotle insisted that practical wisdom was required for the advancement of the human race as it would take into account what he called “the common good,” doing what is right for the majority of people living together in society. Aristotle’s philosophy is still sound today. But to the extent that we side with him, we must challenge our modern era’s overwhelming emphasis on the STEM disciplines as the key to progress. Yes, we will continue to welcome advances in computerization, robotics, medicine and more. But to ensure these innovations are in service of the good life, we must also advance our thinking in the humanities: philosophy, social affairs and the arts. Instead of just STEM, we should perhaps be promoting STEMMA. In that case, we will be able to raise a new generation that has greater capacities for managing collective human efforts and appreciating the arts. Management education — the new “M” — has not always been integrated into humanistic thinking, but it must become more so. Our goal must be to develop the thoughtful leaders of the future. Regarding the “A,” how could it be beneficial to the future without emphasizing the arts, which inform our knowledge of beauty and meaning in human affairs? All the brilliant discoveries of STEM will not solve the grand challenges of today’s world — ignorance, poverty, intolerance and political conflict— without the practical wisdom of humanities-trained leaders. We can’t march boldly into the future without the capabilities necessary for preserving our human dignity in a world of artificial superintelligence (ASI). Humans are not robots and neurons are not digital switches. It is only through the humanities that we will be able to appreciate the answers that superintelligent computers give us when we ask them questions. It is only through the humanities that we will increasingly recognize and build on what we humans uniquely are. 1.What is the limitation of relying only on STEM disciplines? A. They lack the precision needed for modern innovations. B. They prevent the development of artificial superintelligence. C. They cannot meet the severe challenges of human society alone. D. They are too focused on theoretical rather than practical knowledge. 2.The term “practical wisdom” as used by Aristotle emphasizes ________. A. the need for military strategies in societal development B. the importance of thoughtful business leaders of the future C. the advantage of political philosophy over scientific knowledge D. the value of balancing scientific knowledge and cunning intelligence 3.What can we infer about “STEMMA”? A. It directs STEM towards human-centered goals. B. It empowers humans to manage the global economy. C. It represents an educational model designed to replace STEM. D. It suggests art appreciation is the ultimate solution to global challenges. 4.How does the author view the relationship between humans and ASI? A. The development of ASI comes at the expense of human dignity. B. Human uniqueness is defined by contrasting it with ASI’s capabilities. C. ASI’s outputs are beyond humans’ comprehension without the humanities. D. ASI’s analytical power can make up for the shortcomings in the humanities. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 1.According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 2.The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 3.As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学燕化附属中学·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A. propose a definition B. make a comparison C. reach a conclusion D. present an argument 2.According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________. A. lead a simple and satisfying life B. be curious about the unknown C. follow the custom all the time D. try to avoid making mistakes 3.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. B. Experience and special abilities are the keys to success. C. The genius can get things done easily and creatively. D. Satisfying yourself can help you become an expert. 4.What could be the best title of the passage? A. Young Minds Never Feel Contented B. Trial and Error Leads lo Success C. The Keys to Achievement D. Well Begun Is Half Done 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中）For decades gold miners have pillaged the rich Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios —considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve—home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 1.The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ________. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 2.How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 3.According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ________. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·北京丰台·期中）For almost two centuries, newspapers have been on a journey into the mass market which gave them scale, reputation and profit but which has now reached its end. They mostly abandoned dependence on subscriptions and instead sold below production cost as a way to attract readers to sell to advertisers. Since the Internet took off, the print media’s advertising-supported business model has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half. Though online traffic has risen, profit from digital advertising has failed to offset (抵消) the profit draining out of print. “Platforms have become the new kings of the media landscape,” says the Competition and Markets Authority, a regulator. This power shift has led newspapers in many countries to turn to authorities for help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a loud voice, they have generated sympathy. How much they deserve it is another matter. The world is filled with businesses torn apart by the digital revolution without anyone rushing to the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supports grass-roots journalism, which, though often loss-making, supports fairness and equality. That is reasonable. Yet it is mixed with other motivations, such as the desire to choke the tech giants. The result is a range of interventions aimed at putting the pressure on big tech. Mindful of the outcry, big tech is offering a handout, promising $1bn over three years to newspapers to provide news content for its site. Some publishers saw it as an unstated admission that big tech should pay for news. If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. Claims that the tech giants are robbing newspapers for profit sound far-fetched, too. The real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to platforms, making it harder to monetise the traffic. This is a mistake some content industries, such as video-streaming and music, have avoided. Moreover, some of the advertising dollars made by big tech came from bringing new firms into the market, rather than taking online advertisers from newspapers. So ignore the complaining of old-media companies in distress and look instead at how some newspapers have already adapted to the digital invasion. Also some digital publications with a newsworthy focus are thriving. The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would “undermine the principles of an independent press”. 1.Why does the author cite the statistics in Paragraph 2? A. To prove the decline of print media. B. To emphasize the popularity of platforms. C. To indicate the importance of digital advertising. D. To demonstrate the inconsistency in subscriptions. 2.The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. was taking off B. was moving forward C. was falling apart D. was struggling along 3.Which of the following may the author agree with? A. The platform should support grass-roots journalism. B. The old media should produce marketable products. C. New online advertisers should be introduced. D. Effective interventions should be made. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Where is the Digital Age leading the press? B. Are online platforms really a way out? C. How the Internet impacts old media? D. Should big tech save newspapers? 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京第五十五中学·期中）Let’s start with the end. If you know anything about the state of artificial intelligence, it’s that many of the people advancing the technology are seriously worried about the technology they’ re advancing. Two statements stand out. The first followed the release of the company Open AI’s ChatGPT-4, calling for a six-month pause on any AI system going beyond GPT’s capabilities. The signatories (签署者) asked: “Should we develop nonhuman minds that might eventually outnumber, outsmart, and replace us?” The second statement, issued in May, 2023, signed by nearly all the major AI company CEOs and most of the top AI research scientists, was just 22 words long: “Mitigating (减轻) the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks like pandemics and nuclear war.” So, who’s excited for AI? I am? Maybe? AI tools are helping the speechless speak and reducing energy consumption largely. There are brilliant people who say this is kid stuff. Soon everyone will have a customized knowledge assistant. The removal of loneliness is coming. Other equally brilliant people go straight to the other direction. Their imagination covers everything from an AI-manufactured extinction-level virus to societal destruction as jobs disappear and inequality becomes permanent. OpenAI’s product launch made jaws drop. The tech is moving fast, but its impact will arrive in waves. We’ve already seen slight decrease in ChatGPT usage. That hardly means chatbots are doomed (注定失败的) or AI is a craze. Only that it’s early. It will take time to understand how people adapt to these new tools. That time should not be wasted. The processors will keep processing — and we need to get ready. Because however far-fetched the idea of an artificial general intelligence — meaning an autonomous system that one day goes beyond human abilities — it’s not impossible. We can also look out for the many ways AI tools can help us fix the hard problems humanity simply hasn’t been able to solve. That’s the goal here, in this space, to examine AI in a slightly less anxiety-stricken way. The story so far has been told by geniuses with mixed motives and terrible emotional intelligence. It’s really no surprise that they’re also lousy storytéllers. Who starts with extinction? Let’s begin again, this time with creation. All of the software we’ve ever used was engineered to work backward from an outcome. Its creators wanted to help you find a webpage or play a game. Perhaps you’ve noticed that the major AI chatbots arrived with almost no user documentation or instructions. That’s what makes this moment unique. We humans have created a tool for potentially infinite tasks. Its imperfections are ours to solve — and its powers still ours to shape. 1.What can we learn from the two statements? A. The potential of AI is cause for concern. B. AI advancement deserves a global priority. C. The risk AI brings is impossible to control. D. AI is a common interest of whoever develops it. 2.As for AI, which would the author agree with? A. It is unlikely to go beyond human abilities. B. It may be applied to handle climate change. C. It is misused by geniuses with bad motives. D. It will gradually move towards imperfection. 3.What does the underlined word “lousy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Awful. B. Gifted. C. Unexpected. D. Experienced. 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI Is Humans’ Doomed Enemy B. AI Is on the Road to Destruction C. Are We Aware of the Risks from AI? D. Do We Hate AI for All the Right Reasons? Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校·期中）Is text-messaging driving us apart? These days, we talk to each other a lot with our thumbs — sending six billion text messages a day, and likely a few billion more on services like Whats App. But some worry that so much messaging leads to less communication. For instance, when hanging out with friends, we’d be texting secretively at the same time, pretending to maintain eye contact but mentally somewhere else. New technologies often upset the way we relate to one another, of course. But such division caused by texting has a strong echo in the arguments we had over telephone a hundred years ago. The small device gave us a new way to contact one another and quickly promote new forms of socializing. Callers arranged regular “visiting” calls, dialing remote family to catch up on news. Soon, though, social critics thought it would be so easy to talk that we’d never leave each other alone. Others worried that the telephone sped up life, demanding instant reactions. The use of the telephone gave little room for reflection. It produced a craziness in the ordinary concerns of life which didn’t make for domestic happiness. “We shall soon be nothing but transparent piles of jelly (果冻) to each other,” a London writer moaned in 1897. However, nowadays the telephone call seems like a throwback to a gentler era. When Jenna Birch, a communication professor at the University of Iowa, started dating a man who insisted on calling her on the phone, she found it warm and delightful. So she doesn’t think the shift to texting has degraded our interactions. According to her study, teenagers who text the most are also those who spend the most time face to face with friends. Communication, it seems, brings more communication, and — as she argues — just because talk happens in text doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful. Michéle Martin of Carleton University, thinks we’re living through a replay of the telephone, where the things that made it valuable — instant communications — are the same that made it annoying. “People believe they are liberated because they can bring the mobile phone everywhere,” Martin says. “But at the same time, they are slaves to it.” 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To describe a scene. C. To offer an argument. D. To issue a warning. 2.According to paragraph 4, what does telephone use cause? A. People experience very tight schedule. B. People tend to lack individuality. C. People become narrow and uninformed. D. People lose the ability to reflect. 3.What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Telephone calls are particularly welcomed in dating. B. Teenagers are addicted to communicating by texting. C. The shift to texting is destructive to face-to-face time. D. The meaning of communication goes beyond medium. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Oh My God! We’ve Been Here Before! B. Gone with the Wind, Dear Texting! C. Life is Too Short for So Many Texting. D. Oh, Telephone, a Tale of Two Sides. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（议论文&新闻报道） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.B Passage 3 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.A3.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.A 212