UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND（突破疑难）（PPT）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　It's good manners to be pleasant to our guests.对我们的客人友好是有礼貌的。   be pleasant 　　    sb.对某人友好 高频词汇精讲 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①pleasantly adv.令人愉快地 ②pleasantness n.愉快;和蔼可亲 ③please v.使满意;使愉快 ④pleased adj.高兴的;满意的;乐意的 displeased adj.不快的;不满的;生气的 be pleased/displeased with...对……满意/不满意 ⑤pleasing adj.令人愉快的;令人满意的 ⑥pleasure n.愉快;高兴;快事 with pleasure (客气地接受或同意)当然了,很愿意;(方式状语)愉快地 It's a pleasure./(It's) My pleasure.(用于对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答)别客气/很乐意效劳。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 •When she was told that the customer was pleased with the pleasing design, a wave of pleasure also welled up inside her.当她得知顾客对那种令人愉悦的设计很满意,一阵喜悦也涌上她的心头。      ①(2025全国二)The sun-dried clothes smell especially 　　    (please) where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)But a dictionary can be a 　　    (please) to read. ③(2026河南信阳期中)I was 　　    (please) with everything and began to believe I was a natural for this job. ④(2026浙江温州期中)A survey this year found 53.1% of people feel excited about AI, 26% are 　　     (pleasant) surprised, and only 11% hold negative views. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑤——汤姆,谢谢你倾听我的问题并给我建议。 ——别客气。 —Thanks for listening to my problems and giving me your advice, Tom. —　　     　　　　　    .   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:to 即时巩固:①pleasant　②pleasure　③pleased　④pleasantly ⑤It's a/my pleasure 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Your illness arose from/out of the lack of exercise and your unhealthy diet, so I hope you can take the following suggestions into consideration.你生病是由缺乏锻炼和你的不健康的饮食引起的,所以我希望 你能考虑以下建议。    第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   arise 　　    /　　    ...由……引起,因……产生   易混词 过去式、过去分词 含义及用法 arise arose, arisen 起身;出现,产生(主语一般为抽象名词,无被动语态) rise rose, risen 上升;增加;增强;升起(说明主语自身移向更高的位置) raise raised, raised 举起,提起;提高,增加;饲养;养育;筹集(说明主语发出的动作作用 于其他人或事物) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念       ①(2022新高考Ⅰ)Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀆦n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzer- land, has found how and why this trend 　　    (arise). 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2026重庆月考)True joy arises 　　    deep recognition in social settings—being seen and heard by friends or engaging groups. 选词填空(注意使用适当的形式) arise, rise, raise ③The purpose of the project is to 　　    money for those who are homeless. ④We are trying to solve the problems 　　    from the lack of communication. ⑤(2026安徽合肥一中期中)All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy 　　    in my heart. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:from;out of 即时巩固:①arose　②from　③raise ④arising　⑤rose 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     When we paused to catch our breath, Steve got down on one knee.当我们停下来喘口气时,史蒂夫单 膝跪下了。 (2022全国甲) By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.跑到17英里的时候,我就气喘吁 吁,曾经受伤的那只脚踝疼得厉害。    第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song. 我把音量调大,站在那里盯着收音机,屏住呼吸,等待着这首歌的前几个音符。   ①　　     breath喘不过气来 ②　　     one's breath喘口气 ③　　     one's breath屏住呼吸 ④take one's breath away令某人惊叹 ⑤take a breath吸一口气   ①breathe v.呼吸 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 breathe in/out吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了口气 ②breathing n.呼吸 ③breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;屏息的 ④breathtaking adj.激动人心的;惊人的   ①(2025浙江1月)The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he 　　    (breath) a sigh of relief. ②(2025全国二)Standing up nervously, I took 　　    deep breath and began, “‘Qiu’ means autumn, a season full of harvest and beauty in Chinese culture.” 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③(2026河北保定月考)At this temperature, the “　　    (breathe)” almost stops, and tiny living things can't grow. ④当他疲惫不堪、气喘吁吁地冲过终点线时,人群中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 When he crossed the finishing line, tired and　　     　　　　　    , the crowd broke into thunderous ap- plause.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①out of　②catch　③hold 即时巩固:①breathed　②a ③breathing　④out of breath 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Where can I catch the bus bound for Beverly Hills?我到哪儿能赶上前往贝弗利希尔斯的巴士呢? Through this activity, the foreign students are bound to gain a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture.通过这次活动,外国学生一定会更好地了解中国传统文化。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ①be bound 　　    sth.一定会做某事 ②(be) bound　　    ...准备前往…… ③be bound up in sth.忙于某事;热衷于某事  ④be bounded by sth.以某物为界   　　教材原句中的north是副词,所以bound后面没有加介词for。head作动词时也有类似用法,如head for the airport往机场方向走、head west往西走。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2021新高考Ⅰ)Much to my delight, I have become a person passionate about reading, which is bound      　    (lay) the solid foundation for my future. ②On a misty winter morning, we boarded a train bound 　　    Mount Tai. ③The US is　　    (bound) in the north by Canada and in the south by Mexico.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①to do　②for 即时巩固:①to lay　②for ③bounded 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　freezing既可以作形容词修饰名词,如freezing fog(冰雾),也可以作副词修饰形容词,如上面教材原句 中的freezing cold(极为寒冷),还可以作名词使用,意为“冰点”,如above/below freezing零上/零下。   ①freeze v.结冰;(使)冻住;(使)冻死;(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆 freeze to death冻死 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 freeze with horror吓呆 •When she heard the news, the smile froze on her face.当她听到这个消息时,她脸上的笑容僵住了。    ②frozen adj.冷冻的;冻僵;结冰的;吓呆 be frozen with fear/terror/fright被吓呆 •Seeing this terrible scene, they were frozen with fear/terror/fright.看到这可怕的一幕,他们吓呆了。     ③freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026湖北名校协作体联考)Months later, another 　　    (freeze) night, my husband and I were getting ready to go to a friend's house for dinner. ②　　     bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the 　　    . (freeze) ③不要打开窗户!外面冷极了。 Don't open the window!　　     　　　　　　　　    . 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 即时巩固:①freezing　②Frozen;freezer ③It's freezing cold outside 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     On the contrary, he is nothing like Mr Bean.恰恰相反,他一点也不像憨豆先生。 There are also some students who hold a point of view to the contrary.也有一些学生持有相反的观点。        第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ①(be) contrary to与……相反;与……相对立  ②　　     the contrary恰恰相反(用来表示后面的情况与前面的情况相反,常作插入语) ③　　     the contrary相反的;相反地(用来展示或证明相反的东西,可作后置定语,也可作状语)   ①(2026河南郑州十校联考)Contrary 　　    popular belief, the secret to confident public speaking is not about getting rid of your nerves. ②恰恰相反,智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间,而且对我们的健康也有很大的危害。 　　     　　　　　    , smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:②on　③to 即时巩固:①to　②On the contrary 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     He was astonished at/by the result, looking at me with his eyes widening.他对这个结果感到惊讶,睁大 了眼睛看着我。    The twins were quite astonished to find that their first attempt to cook a breakfast failed.双胞胎非常吃惊地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 发现他们第一次尝试做早餐失败了。(2021新高考Ⅰ)   ①be astonished 　　    /　　     sth.对某事感到惊讶 ②be astonished to see/　　    /learn...吃惊地看到/发现/得知……   ①astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊 It astonishes/astonished sb. that...令某人吃惊的是…… ②astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的;使人大为惊奇的 ③astonishingly adv.令人惊讶地 ④astonishment n.惊讶 to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 with/in astonishment惊讶地;惊愕地 •This little boy stared with/in astonishment at the stranger.这个小男孩惊愕地盯着陌生人。      　　astonishing一般修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征。但当修饰表示人的表情、声音的单词look、 smile、voice、expression等时,要用astonished。 •So astonishing was the advertisement that all people wore an astonished expression.这则广告如此惊人, 以至于所有人都露出了惊讶的表情。   ①(2021新高考Ⅰ改编)To their mother's 　　    (astonish), the twins carried the delicious and perfect breakfast upstairs. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2026河南信阳月考)The magician's incredible trick left the audience in a state of 　　    , as they were 　　    by his 　　    skill and acts he performed right before their eyes.(astonish) ③When he looks at the menu, an 　　    (astonish) look quickly appears on his face. ④He was astonished 　　    (know) that all his personal information had been exposed to the public on the Internet. ⑤令我们吃惊的是,研究人员说闪电会提高大气自我净化的能力。 　　     　　　　　　　　    the researchers said that lightning increases the atmosphere's ability to purify itself. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①at;by　②find 即时巩固:①astonishment ②astonishment;astonished; astonishing　③astonished ④to know　⑤It astonished us that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I think you owe it to yourself to have a day off.我觉得你应该给自己放一天假。 We all think we should owe our success in the English Speaking Competition to you.我们都认为我们应该 把我们在英语演讲比赛中的成功归功于您。      ①owe...　　    ...把……归功于…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②owe sb. a lot/a great deal非常感激某人 ③owe it to sb. 　　    sth.应该为某人做某事 ④owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb. (for...)(因……)欠某人债/情   ①owing adj.拖欠;未付;未偿还 •You need to pay the amount owing.你需要付清欠款。 ②owing to=due to=because of由于;因为 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①I owe you an apology 　　    not going to the library with you on Friday afternoon. ②(2022新高考Ⅰ)戴维说:“正是因为您的鼓励,我才能够克服内心的恐慌,在越野赛跑中挑战自我。” David said, “It is 　　　　　　　　　　　    that I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country run.”   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①to　③to do 即时巩固:①for　②owing to/due to/because of your encouragement 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 massive adj.巨大的;非常严重的 massive benefits巨大的利益(2023新课标Ⅰ) massively adv.极其;非常 mass n.大量;许多 literally adv.字面上;真正地 literal adj.字面意义的;完全按原文的 scenery n.风景;景色  scene n.场面,景象　view n.(从某处看到的)景色,风景　land- scape n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景,景色 高频词汇积累 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 awesome adj.令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 an awesome task艰巨的任务 almost five awesome weeks近五周的美好时光(2024全国甲) peak n.顶峰;山峰;尖形 adj.最高度的;高峰时期的 peaks and troughs起起伏伏 at the peak of处于……的巅峰 highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目 the highlight(s) of...……最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分 highlight the whole adventure成为整个险途中的亮点(2021新高考Ⅰ) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 anticipate vt.预料;预见;期望 anticipate doing sth.期望做某事;预期做某事 It is anticipated that...据预测…… anticipation n.预料,预见;期望 　in anticipation of (doing) sth.预料(做)某事的发生 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 thunder vi.打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动 n.雷声;轰隆声 a clap/crash/roll of thunder一声霹雳;一声巨雷;雷声隆隆 thunderous adj.雷鸣般的;怒气冲冲的 thunderously adv.雷鸣般地;声音很大地 bunch n.束;串;捆 a bunch of一束;一串;一群;大量 　a bunch of rocks一堆岩石(2023全国乙) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 frost n.霜;严寒天气;霜冻 v.(使)蒙上霜,结霜 frosty adj.严寒的,霜冻的;冷若冰 霜的 　a frosty morning/look严寒的早 晨/冷冰冰的样子 anyhow adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不 过;反正  anyway adv.反正;即使这样 somehow adv.以某种方式(或方 法);不知怎么地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 proceed vi.行进;继续做;接着做 proceed with sth.继续做(或从事、进行)某事 proceed to do sth.接着做,继而做(另一件事) proceeding n.诉讼;[pl.]事件,过程;会议记录 misty adj.多雾的;模糊的 a misty morning薄雾弥漫的早晨 mist n.薄雾;水汽 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 advertisement n.广告;启事 an advertisement for...……的广告 advertise v.做广告 advertiser n.广告商;登广告的人 -ment表示“行为的结果或方式”,如government治理、pun- ishment惩罚、amusement娱乐、achievement成就 photographer n.摄影师;拍照者 photograph n.照片 vt.给……照相 photography n.摄影 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 toast n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt.为……干杯 vt.& vi.烤(尤指面包) two pieces of toast两片烤面包片 propose a toast to...提议为……干 杯 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都开着,广场看起来更漂亮了。 With so much work to do, he won't have time to go shopping this afternoon.有那么多工作要做,他今天下 午没有时间去买东西。 I was left with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watch the sunset.我脸上挂着大大的笑容, 高高兴兴地回去看日落。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　①with的复合结构的常见形式有:   　　②with的复合结构通常在句中作　　    ,表示伴随、原因等;也可以作定语。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2023全国甲)The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough num- ber of 50,000 or more 　　    (live) alongside Native Americans. ②(2026广东茂名月考)With the holiday 　　    (approach), we are busy making travel plans. ③With some urgent things 　　    (deal) with, I will have to stay up tonight. ④I sat in the room for a few minutes with my eyes 　　    (fix) on the ceiling. ⑤那是汤姆,他手里拿着一本书,眼里含着泪水。 It was Tom, who had a book in his hand,　　     　　　　　　　　　　　    . 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:②状语 即时巩固:①living　②approaching ③to deal　④fixed　⑤with tears in his eyes 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　对not...until...进行强调时,not until不能分开。   　　当not until...位于句首时,要用部分倒装结构。 •Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it.直到昨天我才对这件事有所了解。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①Alice had studied painting for years, but it was not until a week ago 　　    she got the hang of it. ②直到那时,他才意识到睡前看视频很浪费时间。 Not until then 　　　　　　　　    that it was a waste of time watching videos before sleeping. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 即时巩固:①that　②did he realize 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I saw him enter the building by the back door.我看到他从后门进了大楼。 We all hope to see the contract carried out smoothly.我们都希望看到合同被顺利执行。 A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.当我看到排队等公交车的人 越来越少时,一种无助的感觉涌上心头。 (2024新课标Ⅰ)   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①see+宾语+　　     sth.看见……正在做某事(看见动作正在进行) ②see+宾语+do sth.看见……做某事(看见动作的整个过程) ③see+宾语+done看见……被做   ①As the documentary unfolded, showing the plight of the abandoned dogs, I saw many of the bikers 　         (wipe) away tears. ②(2021全国甲)(西安)城墙高12米,从这里你能看到川流不息的人群从城墙进出。 The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see 　　　　　　　　　　　    inside and outside the City Wall. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①doing 即时巩固:①wiping　②streams of people moving 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,简直令她们惊叹不已。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:她们穿越了两个种植小麦的省份，在那里她们看到了一片片广阔的农场。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:窗外的灌木丛和枫树林是红色、金色和橙色的,地上结了霜,这证明秋天已经来到了加拿大。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:李黛予和表妹来到加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多后,只有几个小时的时间可以消磨,然后就 得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔,因此她们就在多伦多逛了逛。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:她们站在远处,看到从湖南面的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 ①时间　②非限制性定语 ③非限制性定语　④定语 ⑤并列分句　⑥宾语　⑦时间 ⑧时间　⑨并列分句　⑩非限制性定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 过去分词作表语、状语和定语 (与动词-ing形式的比较) 1.过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别   He is terrified.他很害怕。(指他感到害怕) He is terrifying.他很吓人。(指他令人害怕) Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只受惊的狗。(狗受到了惊吓) Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(狗是令人害怕的) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　作表语的过去分词与动词-ing形式往往已经被形容词化。当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/觉 得……”时,表语要使用①　　    ;而要表示主语具有“令人感到……”的特征/性质时,表语使用 ②    　    。 常用的这类词还有: 动词-ing形式 过去分词 amazing令人惊奇的 amazed感到惊奇的 astonishing令人惊讶的 astonished感到惊讶的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 delighting令人高兴的 delighted高兴的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 discouraging令人灰心的 discouraged灰心的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged受到鼓舞的 exciting令人激动的 excited激动的;兴奋的 interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 moving感人的 moved受感动的 shocking令人震惊的 shocked震惊的 surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的 tiring 累人的 tired感到疲倦的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异   The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(系表) The cup was broken by Tom.杯子被汤姆打碎了。(被动)   　　作表语的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,前面的be为系动词,这时的过去分词往往已经转 化成了③　　    ,这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。构成被动语态的过去分 词表示动作,其中的be为助动词,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动语态中的行为执行者可以由by引出。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.过去分词作状语   Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.当被问到发生了什么事情的时候,他低下了头。(表时间) Encouraged by the teacher, the girl was very happy.由于受到了老师的鼓励,那个女孩很高兴。(表原因) Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.如果多加注意,这场火灾本来是可以避免的。(表 条件) Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab.老师在学生们的簇拥下走进实验室。(表伴随) Left alone at home, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.虽然珍妮被独自留在家里,但她一点也不感到害怕。(表 让步)   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子主语④　　    ,其表示的动作与句子的主语之间为逻 辑上的⑤　　    。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语或 方式状语。 If accepted for this post, you will be informed next week.如果你被接受担任这个职位,将在下周通知你。   　　当过去分词作状语时,有时可以在前面加上when、while、if、unless、once、even though、al- though等⑥　　    。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   The test finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。 More time given to us, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做 得更好。   　　当过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语⑦　　    时,可以保留其逻辑主语。我们称这种带逻辑主语的 分词结构为独立主格结构。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   Satisfied with the result of the exam, her parents bought her this gift.由于对这次考试的结果很满意,她的 父母给她买了这件礼物。 Occupied in writing his novel, he has no time to go outside and swim with his friends.由于忙于写小说,他 没有时间去外面和他的朋友们游泳。   　　有些过去分词短语作状语时侧重描述主语所处的⑧　　    ,这些过去分词短语源于系表结构。 常见的有:absorbed in、engaged in/on、buried in、occupied in/with、exposed to、based on、satisfied with等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别   从山上看这座城市,你会发现它就像一个大花园。 从山上看,这座城市就像一个大花园。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　非谓语动词在句子中作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种形式取决于非谓语动词 表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:通常被动关系用⑨　　    ,主动关系用⑩　　    。   Having finished the work, he went home.做完工作后,他回家了。 Walking along the street, I saw an old friend.沿着这条街走时,我看见了一位老朋友。 Having been raised on a farm, Tim knows a lot about farm animals.由于在农场长大,蒂姆对农场的动物了 解得很多。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　过去分词作状语时,没有被动式和完成式;而动词-ing形式作状语时,有四种形式:一般式的主动形 式(doing)、一般式的被动形式(being done)、完成式的主动形式(having done)、完成式的被动形式(hav- ing been done)。一般式(doing/being done)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作 　　    或几乎同时发 生,完成式(having done/having been done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 　　    。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.过去分词作定语   used books旧书 a retired teacher一位退休教师 The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.风把落叶从地上刮了起来。 People got water by dropping a bucket tied to a rope.人们通过把绑在绳子上的桶放下去来取水。   　　过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语,一般 放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词的 　　    。及物动词的过去分词表示 被动和完成,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示 　　    。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语的区别   There is a nice picture hanging on the wall.墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。   　　过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而动词-ing形式作定语时,其表 示的动作与被修饰词之间为 　　    。   His excited expression suggested that he had got exciting marks.他兴奋的表情表明他取得了令人兴 奋的成绩。 Last night he told me the surprising news in a surprised voice.昨晚他用震惊的声音告诉了我那个令人惊 讶的消息。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　形容词化的非谓语动词作定语时,形容人的表情、声音等用 　　    ;形容事/物用 　　    。   ①(2025全国一)Even 　　　　    (bottle) water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. ②(2025全国二)　　　　    (skirt) the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. ③(2025全国二)Instead, all the ingredients(配料) 　　　　    (use) were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. ④(2025浙江1月)Kevin sighed(叹息) and hoped something 　　　　    (excite) would happen. ⑤(2024新课标Ⅰ)In cold weather, the structure stays 　　　　    (close) to protect the plants. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑥(2023新课标Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the 　　　　    (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food histo- rians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birth- place. ⑦(2022北京)One theory, increasingly 　　　　    (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. ⑧(2022新高考Ⅱ)Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　    (fall) child. ⑨　　　　    (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ⑩The girls were 　　　　    to see such an open country. The scenery there was also very 　　　　    .(a- maze) 　　Betty wanted to learn skiing. Last weekend, she went up the mountain.  　　　　    (train) by an   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　　　    (experience) coach, she learned very quickly. This sport was very  　　　　    (excite). After  　　　　    (practise) for hours, she decided to ski on her own. Unfortunately, she fell on the ground while  　　　　    (ski) downhill(向山下). Badly  　　　　    (injure), she was sent to hospital at once. On hearing the news, her parents hurried to the hospital.  　　　　    (know) nothing about her injury, they were  　　　　    (worry) all the way. Only after they were told that Betty could recover very soon if properly  　　　　    (treat) did they feel  　　　　    (relieve).(在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形 式) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①过去分词　②动词-ing形式　③形容词　④一致 ⑤被动关系　⑥连词　⑦不一致　⑧状态　⑨过去分词 ⑩动词-ing形式     同时发生  之前     后面     完成  主动关系     过去分词  动词-ing形式 即时巩固:①bottled　②Skirting ③used　④exciting　⑤closed ⑥recognized　⑦supported ⑧falling　⑨Absorbed 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑩amazed;amazing     Trained  experienced     exciting  practising     skiing     injured  Knowing     worried  treated     relieved 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $