UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES（突破疑难）（PPT）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     ①adapt v.(使)适应,适合;改编;改造 adapt to...适应…… adapt sth. to do sth.改造某物以做某事 高频词汇精讲 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 adapt oneself to (doing) sth.使某人自己适应(做)某事 adapt A from B根据B改编A=adapt A for B把A改编成B •Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging.毫不奇怪,适应这种新的生活方式可 能具有挑战性。 (2022天津) •After I saw the film adapted from the novel, I felt the visual shock.看了这部根据那本小说改编的电影 后,我感觉到了视觉上的震撼。 ②adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的 be adaptable to...能适应…… ③adaptability n.适应性   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 adapt v.(使)适应,适合;改编;改造 adopt v.采取,采纳;收养 adopt an idea采纳观点　adopt a child收养孩子 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2024全国甲)Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them 　　    your work. ②(2021北京)You should be able to work well in a team and adapt 　　    an international working envi- ronment. ③(2026四川宜宾月考)They enabled plants to reproduce without seeds, making them 　　    (adapt). ④我和我的同学们将《项链》这篇课文改编成了一部短剧,但我们遇到了一些困难。 I, together with my classmates, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    the text The Necklace, but we meet with some trouble. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 即时巩固:①for　②to　③adaptable ④have adapted a short play from 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     ①participate vi.参加;参与 participate in (doing) sth.参与(做)某事 •Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in the student exchange program.去年春天,我有幸 被选中参加交换生项目。    ②participant n.参与者;参加者 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 participate (in) 参与/参加活动、讨论等,指以一个积极的角色参加;通常可以和take part (in)/join in互换,但partici-pate (in)更为正式 join 指加入某党派、组织、社会团体或军队成为其中的一员,还可表示参与某种活动(宾语是活动)或加入某人/与某人一道(宾语是人);常用结构:join sb. for sth./in doing sth. join in 通常指参加某种小型活动,尤指和其他人一起参加某项活动;常用结构:join in (doing) sth. take part (in) 尤指参加群众性的、有组织的活动、会议、劳动、游行等,参加者往往持有积极的态度,在活动中起一定的作用 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2025北京)Join us 　　　    TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your pas- sion by participating 　　　    various activities and connecting with others. ②(2025浙江1月)In her study, Martin asked 　　　    (participant) to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” ③(2023浙江1月) Last weekend, I 　　　    (participate) in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organized by our students' union. ④(2022新高考Ⅰ)More importantly, it is 　　    (participate) rather than the result that matters to you. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 即时巩固:①for;in　②participants ③participated　④participation 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The boss engaged a secretary to ease his burden.这位老板雇了一个秘书来减轻他的负担。 You should set aside some time to engage yourself in outdoor activities.你应该抽出一些时间来让自己参 加户外活动。 Government agencies began to use Weibo to better engage with the public.政府机构开始使用微博,以更好 地与公众建立密切联系。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①engage in参与;从事 ②engage sb. 　　    sth.雇用某人做某事 ③engage sb. 　　    ...使某人参加/从事…… ④engage 　　    与……建立密切关系;尽力理解   ①engaging adj.有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的 ②engaged adj.忙于;从事……的;(电话线)被占用的;已订婚的 be engaged in/on sth.忙于某事;从事某事 be engaged to sb.与某人订婚 ③engagement n.订婚;约定;雇用 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2025北京)When travelling, we engage 　　    cultures and experiences. ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)Audio(音频) and video can feel more 　　    (engage) than text, and so university teach- ers increasingly turn to these technologies. ③(2026广东东莞一中月考)The couple will look back on their 　　    (engage) photos with laughter and appreciation as they tell their story. ④一项调查显示,参加课外活动的高中生比那些不参加课外活动的高中生更快乐。 A survey shows that senior high students 　　　　　　　　　　　    after-school activities are happier than those who are not. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:②to do　③in　④with 即时巩固:①with　②engaging ③engagement　④who/that are engaged in 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The test will involve answering questions about current affairs.考试将包括回答一些关于时事的问 题。 Learning that you welcome students from different countries, I'd like to involve myself in the summer camp.得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生,我想参加这次夏令营。      第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①involve 　　    sth.需要做某事;包含做某事 ②involve sb. 　　    sth.使某人参与到某事中;把某人牵涉(或牵扯)到某事里   ①involved adj.参与的;有关联的 get/become/be involved in/with参与;卷入;与……有关 ②involvement n.参与,加入,插手;投入 involvement in/with...参与/加入……   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2025北京)Another key theme involves 　　    (find) some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. ②(2024北京)Since there are many factors 　　    (involve) in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. ③(2026重庆西南大学附中开学考试)For those passionate about wildlife, several programs present oppor- tunities for 　　　    (involve). 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①doing　②in 即时巩固:①finding　②involved　③involvement 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     Against all expectations, they were enjoying themselves.他们过得非常快活,真是完全没想到。 She was extremely sad that she failed to live up to her parents' expectations.她非常难过,因为她没有达到 父母的期望。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Actually, it was beyond his expectations, for he wasn't sure if I would show up.事实上,这出乎他的意料,因 为他不确定我是否会出现。 (2024新课标Ⅰ)   ①live up 　　    one's expectations不负某人所望 ②　　    /contrary to (all) expectations出乎意料的是 ③　　    (one's) expectations超出(某人的)预期 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①expect v.预料;期待;指望 expect to do sth.指望/预计会做某事 be expected to do sth.预计/预期会做某事 expect sb. to do sth.预料某人会做某事;期待某人做某事 ②unexpected adj.出乎意料的 ③unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2026辽宁沈阳月考)His journey shows us that with hope and determination, we can all live up 　　     expectations and create our own brilliance. ②(2026四川内江一中月考)The game has gone beyond my 　　    (expect) in terms of quality, including graphics and programming. ③本周六美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸展,预计将从早上八点开始,持续约四个小时。 There will be a Chinese paper-cutting show this Saturday in the art gallery, 　　　　　　　　　　　　     　    about four hours from 8:00 am. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①to　②against ③beyond 即时巩固:①to　②expectations ③which is expected to last 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　There were over 1,000 applicants for the job.一千多人申请这份工作。   an applicant/applicants　　　    ...申请……的人   ①apply v.申请;应用;涂;涉及;有关;(对……)适用 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 apply for sth.申请某事物 apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物 apply to...适用于……;与……有关 apply...to...把……应用于……;把……涂到……上 apply oneself to (doing)sth.专心致志地做某事;努力做某事(to为介词) •Nowadays, when my own trainees apply for positions else where, I encourage them to ask for feedback.如 今,当我自己的实习生申请其他公司的职位时,我鼓励他们寻求反馈。 (2024天津3月) ②application n.申请;申请书;应用 an application form申请表   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2025北京)Not standing a chance against competitive 　　　    (applicant), I came out of the interview with an upset look. ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile 　　　    (apply). ③安全驾驶的规则对每个人都适用,无一例外。 The rules of safe driving 　　　　　　　　    , without exception. ④得知下个月美术馆将举办中国画展,我写信申请成为志愿者的机会。 Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the art gallery next month, I am writing to 　     　　　　　　　　　　　　　  a volunteer. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:for 即时巩固:①applicants　②application ③apply to everyone　④apply for the chance to become 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     If the computer breaks down within the first three months, we will repair it at our expense.如果这台电 脑在前三个月内坏了,我们就会出钱修理它。 Naturally, Adrian Cheng spared no expense in getting top names on board for his tribute to local cinema.当 然,郑志刚不惜重金邀请业界顶尖人士参与该项目,以向本土电影业致敬。 (China Daily) Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speak- ing”.通常,当你站起来发表演讲时,你把注意力集中在“公众”上,而牺牲了“演讲”。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①　　     one's expense由某人付费 ②spare no expense in 　　    sth.不惜代价/不惜费用做某事 ③at the expense 　　    ...以……为代价;在牺牲/损害……的情况下   expensive adj.昂贵的   ①(2025全国一)Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydro- gen is 　　    (expense). ②(2025北京)After all, exploring the world shouldn't come 　　    the planet's expense. ③在任何情况下,我们都不应该以牺牲环境和自然资源为代价来寻求经济发展。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 In no case should we seek economic development 　　　　　　　　　　　    the environment and natural resources.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①at　②doing　③of 即时巩固:①expensive　②at　③at the expense of 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The young artist looked depressed about the negative reviews of his latest exhibition.这位年轻的艺术 家因他最近的展览的负面评论而显得沮丧。 (ARTnews)   be/seem/look depressed　　    ...似乎/看上去对……感到沮丧 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①depress vt.使沮丧;使忧愁 It depresses/depressed sb. that...……让某人沮丧。 What depresses/depressed sb. is/was that...让某人沮丧的是…… ②depressing adj.令人忧愁的;令人沮丧的 •Everything is a bit depressing at the moment.现在一切都有点令人沮丧。 ③depression n.抑郁,沮丧;萧条期,不景气   ①(2025全国二)Helping the community lowers rates of 　　    (depress). 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2026四川成都月考)The idea is that these 　　    (depress) situations may have a domino effect(多米诺 效应) in your life—setting you up for something positive or keeping you from other problematic situations. ③当时我无法为我的儿子提供一个稳定的家,这让我很沮丧。 　　     　　　　　　　　    I couldn't provide a stable home for my son at that time.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:about 即时巩固:①depression　②depressing ③It depressed me that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     We shouldn't deny a good education to anybody.我们不能剥夺任何人接受良好教育的权利。 It can't be denied that this was a fantastic experience and I do hope to go there once again.不可否认,这是一 次很棒的经历,我确实希望再次去那里。 The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied having been in the area on the night of the fire.警察指控他纵火烧楼,但他否认火灾当晚他在现场。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①deny 　　    sth.否认做某事 ②deny the fact that...否认……的事实 ③deny sth. 　　    sb.=deny sb. sth.拒绝给予某人某物 ④There is no denying that.../　　     can't be denied that...无可否认……   ①It's right of you to deny your answers 　　    others during the exam. ②The suspect at last admitted having received the stolen goods but denied 　　    (sell) them. ③不可否认,经常锻炼非常有益于我们的健康。 　　     　　　　　　　　　　　    working out regularly is of great benefit to our health. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①doing　③to　④It 即时巩固:①to　②selling　③There is no denying that/It can't be denied that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 complex adj.复杂的;难懂的; (语法)复合的 a socially complex world社会结构复杂的世界(2024北京)  complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的 complexity n.复杂性 recall vt.& vi.记起;回想起 recall doing sth.回想起做某事 前缀re-表示“再,又”,如review复习、rebuild重建、renew重新 开始 高频词汇积累 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历;条件 have qualifications to do sth.有资格/资历做某事 qualify v.(使)具备资格;取得资格;(使)有权 　qualify as a surgeon取得外科医生的资格(2023全国乙) qualified adj.符合资格的 ambition n.追求的目标;夙愿;野心;雄心;抱负;理想 ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的 　be ambitious for...渴望……;对……有雄心/野心 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事 物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰 comfort zone舒适区(2024新课标 Ⅱ) (un)comfortable adj.(不)舒适的 　feel comfortable感到舒适(2025 全国二) comfortably adv.舒适地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 presentation n.报告;陈述;出示;拿出;发布会; 颁奖仪式 present v.颁发;赠送;提出;提交 adj.现在的;出席的 n.现在(常与the连用);礼物 　at present目前　be present at...出席…… 　present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb.把某物赠送/授予/颁发给某人 　present the issue提出问题(2025全国一) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 motivated adj.积极的;主动的 motivate vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励 　motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 motivation n.动机;动力;积极性 　a source of motivation动力的来源(2025北京) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 firm n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的; 牢固的;坚定的;严格的 adv.坚定地 v.使坚固 the real estate firm房地产公司(2022浙江1月) a law firm律师事务所(2022全国甲) be firm with...对……严格 hold firm to...坚持/坚信…… firmly adv.坚固地;坚定地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露 exposure to...接触…… Many people in China have limit-ed exposure to English.在中国,许 多人接触英语的机会有限。(2021浙江) expose vt.使暴露;揭露;使接触,使体验 　expose...to...使……暴露在……之下;使……接触……;使…… 面临……(被动语态be exposed to...) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 insight n.洞察力;眼光;洞悉;了解 historical insights历史见解 insight into...对……的洞悉 departure n.离开;启程;出发 departure times出发时间(2023浙江1月) departure from...从……离开 depart v.离开 grasp vt.理解;领会;抓紧 n.紧抓;紧握;控制;理解;领会; 能 力所及 have a good grasp of...对……的理解力强 within/beyond one's grasp在某人力所能及的范围内/超出某人力所能及的范围 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 behave vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌 behave oneself表现得体;行为规矩 well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 behaviour n.举止;行为 　good/bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为 　violent behaviours暴力行为(2024北京) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 surroundings n.[pl.]环境;周围的事物 surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 surround v.围绕,环绕 　be surrounded with/by...被……围绕 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 strengthen vi.& vt.加强;增强;巩固 strengthen family ties加强家庭联系(2025北京) strength n.长处,优势;力气 　strengths and weaknesses强项和弱项;优缺点 　physical strength体力(2025浙江1月) strong adj.强大的;强的;强壮的 动词后缀-en意为“使;使成为;变得”,如broaden变宽、deepen使 变深、quicken使加快、shorten使变短 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 optimistic adj.乐观的;抱乐观看法的 be optimistic about...对……乐观 But I was unrealistically opti-mistic about what I could achieve.但我对于自己能够取得的成就抱有不切实际的乐观态度。(2024北京)  pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的 　 　be pessimistic about...对……悲观 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 gain vt.获得;赢得;取得;增加 n.好处;增加 gain recognition获得认可(2024天津3月) No pain, no gain.不劳则无获。 competence n.能力;胜任;本领 competent adj.有能力的;称职的　be competent to do sth.有能力做某事;能胜任某事 　feel competent 觉得有能力(2025北京) cooperate vi.合作;协作;配合 cooperate with...与……合作 cooperation n.[U]合作;协作 cooperative adj.合作的;协作的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 budget n.预算 v.编制预算 on a budget钱不多的　within/on budget在预算内 over budget超出预算 in summary 总的来说;总之  in a word总之　on the whole总的说来 in conclusion总之　in short/brief简言之 in general总的说来 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     This is the first time that I've come to London, so I would like to try something typically British.这是我第 一次来伦敦,所以我想尝试一些典型的英国风格的东西。 That was the first time that the twins had prepared a breakfast for their mother, so they were excited and nervous.那是这对双胞胎第一次为母亲准备早餐,因此他们既激动又紧张。(2021新高考Ⅰ)   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　在“It/This/That is/was the first/second/...time that...”中,主句若用一般现在时,that从句常用①　     　　    ;主句若用一般过去时,that从句常用②　　　　    ,有时也可以用一般过去时。   　　“It is (about/high) time+that从句”意为“是时候……了”,that从句常使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语 用过去式或“should+动词原形”的形式(注意should不能省略)。 　    •It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from ex- tinction.到了政府采取有效措施保护野生动物免于灭绝的时候了。      第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2022全国甲) It's high time that we　　    (do) whatever we can to make a huge difference to the sus- tainable development of the ocean. ②It is the first time that she 　　    (take) part in the voluntary activity on the theme of traditional Chinese culture. ③我的眼里充满了无法控制的泪水。这是我第一次感到心碎。 My eyes filled with uncontrollable tears.　　     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　     heartbroken.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①现在完成时　②过去完成时 即时巩固:①did　②has taken ③It/This was the first time that I had felt 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     The first time (that) I toured the Great Wall, I was deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery.我第一次游览 长城时,那美丽的景色给我留下了深刻的印象。      　　the first time (that)可用作　　    ,引导时间状语从句,表示“第一次……时”。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　可以引导时间状语从句的名词短语式连词还有every time、each time、the last time、the mo- ment、the minute、the instant等。 •Every time I saw her in the office, Miss Ma was checking our homework carefully.每次我在办公室看到 马老师,她都在仔细检查我们的作业。    •The moment my alarm clock went off, I jumped out of the bed, got dressed as quickly as I could and rushed downstairs to catch the school bus.闹钟一响,我就跳下床,尽快穿好衣服,冲下楼去赶校车。     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 the first time 连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次……时” for the first time 介词短语,意为“第一次”,在句子中作状语 •Silk as well as many plant species came to Britain by the ancient Silk Road for the first time.丝绸和许多 植物物种都是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。(2024新课标Ⅰ改编) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2021全国乙) The first step is to go exploring, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house 　　    the first time. ②(2022新高考Ⅰ)每次他要放弃的时候,我就疯狂地喊:“加油,戴维!” 　　     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    , I shouted crazily, “Come on, David!” ③(2026广东深圳南方科技大学附属中学月考)我的脚踝一碰到地面,一阵剧痛就顺着腿往上蹿——我 差点当场哭出来。 　　     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　     , a sharp pain shot up my leg—I almost cried on the spot. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:连词 即时巩固:①for　②Every time he was about to quit　③The moment my ankle touched the ground 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Tom promised to come to my birthday party, and he did turn up yesterday.汤姆答应要来参加我的生 日聚会,他昨天真的来了。 I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive, they do make better deci- sions.我一直在尝试这些策略,我发现当我不那么严格限制时,他们确实会做出更好的决策。 (2025浙 江1月) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　强调谓语动词时要用　　    、　　    、　　    ,意为“确实;真的”,且只能用于一般现在时或一 般过去时的肯定句中。   　　do、does、did只能对谓语进行强调;而强调句型“It is/was...that/who...”可以用来强调主语、宾 语或状语,一般不能用来强调谓语、表语。   ①我真的希望你能加入我们。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　    . ②我的确知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。 I　　     　　　　　　　　    the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:does;did;do 即时巩固:①do hope you can join us ②do know how upset 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过他主要还是想了解 她本人的观点! 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:最后要考虑的一点是,尽管出国留学确实有潜在的好处,但是在中国学习的年轻人也一样有美好 的未来可以期待! 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:因此,中国需要更多有才华、有全球视野、精通多种语言、有领导能力和组织能力以及有强烈文 化意识的年轻人。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 ①时间　②宾语　③条件 ④宾语　⑤表语　⑥让步 ⑦定语　⑧定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 复习名词性从句 　　当一个从句的性质相当于一个名词,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语时,这个从句被称为名词性从句。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 从属连词 that、whether、if、because、as if/though 连接代词 what、which、who、whom、whatever、whichev- er、whoever、whomever、whose 连接副词 when、where、how、why、whenever、wherever 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.从属连词that的用法   That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着纯粹是幸运。 John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy.他完全康复了的事实令我高兴。 The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.老师告诉学生们他们应该第二天交作业,并且作业必须由父母签字。   (1)that引导名词性从句时,只起①　　　    作用,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词义。 (2)that引导名词性从句时的省略问题: a.that引导的主语从句位于②　　　    时,that不可省略。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 b.当动词后带有一个that引导的宾语从句时, that常可省略;当动词后带有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第 一个that可以省略,而其他的that一般③　　　    省略。 c.当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时, that一般不可省略。 d.当that引导的宾语从句中由that/this作主语时,that常不可省略。 e.引导表语从句和④　　　    从句时,that一般不可省略。 2.从属连词whether/if的用法   It is not clear if he will come or not.他来不来还不太清楚。 There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。 The question is whether this idea can be put into practice.问题是这一想法是否能付诸实践。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。 Nobody knows if/whether he likes Mary or not.=Nobody knows whether or not he likes Mary.没人知道他 是否喜欢玛丽。   (1)if/whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,whether与if表示“⑤　　         ”,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。 (2)whether和if有时可互换,但在下列情况下,只可用whether: a.引导主语从句并位于⑥　　　    时(if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,if引导的主语从句后置)。 b.引导⑦　　　    从句和同位语从句时。 c.引导的从句作介词的⑧　　　     时。 d.后紧跟or not时。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which和连接副词where、why、when、how的用法   　　I don't know who did it.我不知道这件事是谁做的。 What we see may not be true.我们所看到的可能并不是真的。 Do you know whom/who they are looking for?你知道他们在找谁吗? When we shall meet again is unknown.我们什么时候会再见是未知的。   　　连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是: (1)连接代词、连接副词保留自己的疑问含义。 (2)连接代词在从句中充当句子成分,如⑨　　　    、⑩　　　    、定语,连接副词在从句中作 　     　    。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (3)连接代词、连接副词引导的从句一律用 　　　    语序,不能用疑问句语序。 4.whatever、whoever、whichever的用法   　　You can get whichever you like.你喜欢哪个就拿哪个。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就会说什么。 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.任何违反规定的人都会受到惩罚。   　　whatever、whoever、whichever常引导 　　　    从句和宾语从句,并在从句中作 　　　        、 宾语。在此用法中,whatever、whoever、whichever在从句中不含疑问意义。whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who/the person or people who。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好留在这里。 I like it when people are open and straight.我喜欢人们坦诚相待。 It is not yet decided who will do that job.谁来做那项工作还没有决定。 It is still unknown which team will win the match.哪支球队将赢得这场比赛尚不清楚。 We need to see to it that the guests are satisfied with us.我们需要确保客人对我们满意。 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很明显,整个项目注定要失败。 You may find it amazing that so many people have made it.这么多人成功了,你可能会发现这是令人惊奇 的。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (2)which、who、what等引导主语从句且从句较长时,也常用 　　　    作形式主语,而将真正的主语 置于句末。 (3)动词think、find、feel、consider、make等后面有宾语补足语时,常使用 　　    作形式宾语,而将真 正的宾语移至宾语补足语后面。 (4)表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike以及表示确保的短语see to后不能直 接跟宾语从句,需用 　　    作形式宾语,再跟宾语从句。   ①(2025全国一)Scientists are still trying to determine 　　　　    harmful microplastics are—but 　　　     they do know has raised concerns. (1)that引导主语从句时,通常用 　　　    作形式主语,而将that从句置于句末。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)　　　　     worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. ③(2024新课标Ⅱ)We need to consider 　　　　    we want our future with AI to pan out. ④(2024全国甲)That's 　　　　    this issue(期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for 　　　　    kind of writing you're doing. ⑤(2024浙江1月)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that's 　　　　    they'll promote. ⑥(2022全国甲)We can't seem to make up our minds 　　　　    we want a modern city or a traditional one. ⑦(2026陕西西安开学考试) It is clear 　　　　    , while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑧(2026辽宁朝阳月考)The quality of diancha is crucial to 　　　　    patterns can be successfully pro- duced later. ⑨I have no idea 　　　　    will take charge of the new branch. ⑩It doesn't matter 　　　　    you come—the store stays open 24 hours a day.  玛丽想当然地认为他们会赞成这个想法。 Mary 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    they would approve of the idea.  你喜欢吃哪个蛋糕就吃哪个,把另一个留给晚来的人。 Eat 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    and leave the other for 　　　　　　　　　　　    . 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①连接　②句首　③不可 ④同位语　⑤是否　⑥句首　⑦表语　⑧宾语　⑨主语 ⑩宾语     状语     陈述句     主语     主语     it     it     it     it 即时巩固:①how;what　②What ③how　④why;whatever ⑤what　⑥whether　⑦that　⑧whether　⑨who　⑩when     took it for granted that  whichever cake you like;who/whoever comes late 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $