Unit 1 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（同步精练）（PPT）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn't blame the accident ____ her. on 解析　考查介词。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。 易错归因　　本题容易错填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的 blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.The region was ________(severe) affected by the typhoon, with houses damaged and trees uprooted. severely 解析　考查副词。句意:这个地区受到台风的严重影响,房屋受损,树木被连根拔起。设空处作状语修 饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填severely。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.It's reported that scientists have found many______(proof) that this place is rich in mineral resources. proofs 解析　考查名词复数。空格前有many,故此处表示复数意义,应用名词复数。故填proofs。 类比启发　　以字母f结尾,变复数时直接加-s的词:gulf海湾;roof屋顶,车顶;chief首领;serf农奴;belief信 仰;cliff(常指海洋边的)悬崖,峭壁;brief任务简介,案情摘要。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.[2023浙江1月]Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols ____ another. into 解析　考查介词。句意:它的程序明确规定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。transform... into...意为“把……转换成……”。故填 into。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.[2021北京]When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences _______ old memories. to/with 解析　考查介词。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起 来。link...to/with...意为“将……与……联系起来”。故填to或with。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.Students are required to ______(pure) the chemical substances according to the standard procedures to en- sure the accuracy of the experimental results. purify 解析　考查动词。句意:学生们需要按照标准程序净化化学物质,以确保实验结果的准确性。be re- quired to do sth.表示“被要求做某事”,所以设空处应用动词原形。故填purify。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.[2021天津3月]After several ___________(frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance. frustrating 解析    考查形容词。句意:在花了几个小时试图修理却屡屡受挫之后,我丈夫建议看迈克尔·乔丹的系 列纪录片《最后之舞》。设空处修饰其后的名词hours,应用以-ing结尾的形容词。故填frustrating。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.This switch _____________(decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs so far. has decreased 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据语境和时间状语so far可知应 用现在完成时;主语是单数,谓语也应用单数。故填has decreased。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 9.After hearing the rumor that she _____________(suspect) of cheating in the exam, she was overcome with sadness, tears rolling down her cheeks. was suspected 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:听到自己被怀疑在考试中作弊的传言后,她悲痛欲 绝,泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。根据语境和后面的was可知,此处应用一般过去时;suspect sb. of doing sth. 意为“怀疑某人做某事”,结合语境可知,这里表示“她被怀疑”,应用被动语态;主语为she,所以be动词 应用was。故填was suspected。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 10. [2026安徽蚌埠月考]NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful space telescope ever, is waiting at a launch site in French Guiana, which should be able to detect infrared(红外线 的) light from galaxies(星系) that are so far away ____ the light from them has been traveling through space for almost the entire history of the universe. that 解析　考查结果状语从句。句意:美国国家航空航天局的詹姆斯·韦布望远镜是有史以来最强大的空间 望远镜,它正停留在法属圭亚那的一个发射场。这台空间望远镜应该能够探测到来自星系的红外线,这 些星系极其遥远,以至于它们发出的光在太空中传播的时间几乎涵盖了整个宇宙的历史。根据语境可 知,设空处后面的内容是前文造成的结果,这里表示“如此……以至于……”,应用so...that...引导结果状 语从句。故填that。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅱ.一词多义 1.I turned the handle and found the door was open.词性:_____;词义:_____ 把手 名词 解析　句意:我转动把手,发现门是开着的。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.He knows how to handle the complicated machine.词性:_____;词义:______ 操纵 动词 解析　句意:他知道如何操纵这台复杂的机器。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.[2022全国甲]The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. 词性:_____;词义:_________________ (用手)触,碰,拿 动词 解析　句意:你拿筷子的方式对于避免惹恼你的同伴很重要。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.[2026湖南长沙市实验中学月考]By starting the day with intention, we are better equipped to handle 词性:_____;词义:__________ 应对,处理 动词 解析　句意:通过心怀目标开启一天,我们能够更好地应对迎面而来的挑战。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅲ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) once and for all;subscribe to;in general;thanks to Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, has made enormous contributions to global food safety. Many experts in agriculture at home and abroad 1.____________ his research, which solves the problem of the food shortage. 2._________ Yuan's intense efforts, our country has been far away from hunger 3.____________ ____. all once and for Thanks to subscribe to 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅳ.完成句子 1.He is so honest a man that we all trust him and show respect for him.(句型转换;such...that...) →He is ____ __ ______ ___ ____ we all trust him and show respect for him. that man honest an such 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.将下面句子中画线的部分分别进行强调 Tom did the experiment the experiment yesterday afternoon. ①强调主语:______________________________________________________________________ ②强调宾语:__________________________________________________________________ ③强调地点状语:__________________________________________________________________ ④强调时间状语:__________________________________________________________________ It was yesterday afternoon that Tom did the experiment in the lab. It was in the lab that Tom did the experiment yesterday afternoon. It was the experiment that Tom did in the lab yesterday afternoon. It was Tom that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 能力提升练 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Cholera, as _________ type of deadly disease of its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was _____ (determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled. There were two theories that _________(possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow _____(sub- scribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. In 1854, an outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an ________(investigate). He marked the places on a map, _________ gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths _____ these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was _____(blame). He did further research and concluded that pol- luted water led _________ the disease. Finally “King Cholera” _______(defeat).     10         9         8         7         6         5         4         3         2         1     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1. __     2.__________    3.________    4.__________    5._____________ investigation subscribed possibly determined a 6._____    7._______    8.________    9.__    10.____________ was defeated to to blame because which 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.解析　考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示“一种致 命的疾病”,应用不定冠词表泛指,且type的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。 2.解析　考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。 3.解析　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。 4.解析　考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,所以此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。 5.解析　考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。 6.解析　考查定语从句。设空处前面是一个完整的句子且有逗号与后面隔开,设空处后面为谓语动词 gave,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。 7.解析　考查连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒,前后之间是因果关系,后 面表示原因。故填because。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.解析　考查固定搭配。sth. be to blame意为“某物负有责任”,故填to blame。 9.解析　考查介词。lead to意为“导致”,为固定搭配。故填to。 10.解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;提示词defeat与 “King Cholera”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为“King Cholera”,由此可知谓语用单数。故填 was defeated。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅱ.语法填空   [2025河南豫北名校联考]  国际视野  　　Africa is a continent that everyone knows about, but not many fully understand. “If you haven't been there _________(your), you would never truly know what it's like,” said 29-year-old Huang Siyuan. From 2019 to 2022, Huang worked as a security _____(engine) at a sewage(污水) treatment plant in the Re- public of Equatorial Guinea. The plant _________ Huang worked for is in the capital, Malabo. “I heard that locals used to throw their waste right in front of their doorsteps. Since mosquitoes breed(繁 殖) there, the incidence of malaria was _________(extreme) high,” Huang said. With the sewage treatment plant, not only had the city's appearance been transformed, ____ the health condition of the local people al- so improved.     5         4         3         2         1     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 A survey done by WHO showed that after the plant ______(put) into use, the incidence of malaria dropped from 45% to 11%. Even if someone is infected with malaria, it's not a significant issue because of the avail- ability of artemisinin, a drug _________(discover) by the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou. _________(keep) everything on track, Huang and his colleagues conducted routine checks on sewage wells around the city. Sometimes they would run into local residents who would thank them for ______(improve) the local living environment. Some would even offer food and fruits, but they wouldn't accept. “We regard their gratitude __________ the most precious reward,” he said.     10         9         8         7         6     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1._________    2.__________    3.____________    4.___________    5._____ but extremely that/which engineer yourself 6._______    7.__________    8._______    9._________    10.__ as improving To keep discovered was put 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国工程师黄思远在赤道几内亚共和国的一个污水 处理厂工作的经历。 【高频词汇】    1.security n.保护措施;安全工作 2.significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的    3.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题    4.availability n.可用;可得到 5.colleague n.同事    6.run into偶然遇到,碰到 7.resident n.居民    8.gratitude n.感激之情;感谢 9.precious adj.宝贵的;珍稀的 【熟词生义】　local 熟义:adj.本地的,当地的　生义:n.本地人,当地人 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.解析　考查代词。设空处与主语指同一个人,表示“你自己;你亲自”,应该用your的反身代词。故填 yourself。 2.解析　考查名词。设空处作宾语,表示“工程师”。故填engineer。 3.解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,修饰指物的先行词 plant。故填that或which。 4.解析　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰系表结构,应用副词。故填extremely。 5.解析　考查连词。not only... but (also)...为固定搭配,意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。 6.解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处在时间状语从句中作谓语,根据主 句的时态和此处语境可知,此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时;提示词put与主语the plant(单数)之间是 被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was put。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.解析　考查动词-ed形式。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语修饰名词drug,两者之间是被动关系,应用 动词-ed形式。故填discovered。 8.解析　考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To keep。 9.解析    考查动词-ing形式。thank sb. for doing sth.为固定短语,意为“感谢某人做某事”;设空处作介 词for的宾语,应用动词-ing形式。故填improving。 10.解析    考查介词。regard...as...为固定短语,意为“把……看作……”。故填as。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅲ.阅读理解 A   [2026江苏连云港期中]  家国情怀  　 Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Chen-Ning Yang, one of the most outstanding and influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math pro- fessor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master's degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize web- site. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China's scientific and educational development. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China's central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100 Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China's scientific and technological development. He under- took extensive work for China's scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and ex- 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation(制定) of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating tal- ents at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang's life stands as a timeless chapter in human history—one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.Why was Yang's 1971 visit significant? A.It focused on political dialogue.　　　　　　　B.It promoted cultural activities in China. C.It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China. D.It initiated academic exchange with the US. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.What did Yang do for Chinese scholars? A.He funded their advanced studies abroad. B.He helped them win international awards. C.He taught them advanced physics personally. D.He offered them jobs in American universities. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.How does the author view Yang's contribution? A.It is primarily for Chinese scientists. B.It belongs to the whole world. C.It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement. D.It is mainly about educational reform. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.What is the article mainly about? A.Yang's lifelong contributions to China. B.Yang's research on elementary particles. C.Yang's influence on global science policy. D.Yang's educational background in America. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹及其对中外 科学界与教育事业作出的卓越贡献。 【高频词汇】    1.influence v.& n.影响→influential adj.有影响(力)的    2.enroll v.注册;登记;(使)加入 3.remarkable adj.卓越的;非凡的    4.propose v.建议; 提议    5.sponsor v.资助;赞助 【熟词生义】    1.law 熟义:n.法律　生义:n.定律;规律 2.exercise 熟义:v.锻炼;练习　生义:v.对……施加(影响);行使(权力)    3.discipline 熟义:n.纪律;自制力     生义:n.(尤指大学的)学科 【差距词汇】    1.undergraduate n.大学(本科)生 2.backbone n.骨干;中坚力量;脊柱 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.D    解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by over- seas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States.”可知,此次访问开启了中美学术交流。故选D。 2.A    解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He also raised funds to establish the ‘Committee on Edu- cational Exchange with China’, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100 Chinese scholars for ad- vanced studies in the United States.”可知,他资助中国学者去美国深造。故选A。 3.B    解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段作者的评价“Professor Yang's life stands as a timeless chapter in human history—one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innova- tors.”可推测,作者认为其贡献具有世界意义。故选B。 4.A    解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章前三段主要介绍杨振宁的生平和成就;第四、五段为核 心段落,重点突出其对中国科教发展、中美学术交流、人才培养等方面的终身贡献;最后一段是作者的 评价。故选A。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 B [2026山西临汾一中月考] 　　New technology for detecting earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is helping to save lives around the world. Early warning can help move people out of harm's way and prepare rescue and relief efforts earlier. Now researchers in the UK are using artificial intelligence (AI) to predict where landslides will occur fol- lowing extreme rainfall events or large earthquakes. The researchers were able to predict about 7,000 land- slides in a three-hour period following a 7.3-magnitude earthquake in Taiwan,China in 2024. As bad weather 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 events are becoming much more frequent, the geoscientists turned to AI to be able to understand and re- spond to these climate events. Previously, emergency teams depended on satellite images to search by hand for areas affected by landslides. But this takes a lot of time, and AI can do it faster. Since the earthquake, Lorenzo Nava, who is based at Cambridge's Departments of Earth Sciences and Geog- raphy, has been developing his AI method along with an international team. This work is very important since landslides occur more frequently due to human activities like deforestation or construction on unstable slopes. Landslides can also trigger broken rock flows or severe flooding that may increase the dangers. Nava's team is training AI to identify landscapes in satellite images: both optical(光学的) images of the ground surface and radar data. Radar can go through cloud cover and can work at night. But radar is difficult to understand because they use grey levels for showing differences between landscape features. But AI-as- sisted analysis can help see features that people miss. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 By using a combination of both types of satellite imagery, Nava hopes to build an AI model that can predict landslides in any weather condition. But there is still more work needed to improve accuracy and trans- parency(透明度) before it is widely accepted. “In critical situations like disaster response, trust in the results made by AI is crucial,” he said. “Through this challenge, we aim to bring transparency to the model's decision-making process, giving power to deci- sion-makers on the ground to act with confidence and speed.” 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.Why did geoscientists turn to AI? A.AI works better at night. B.Satellites can't take clear images. C.Emergency teams refused to work. D.Bad weather events are more common. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.What does the underlined word “trigger” probably mean in paragraph 3? A.Cause. B.Stop. C.Hide. D.Decrease. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A.Radar works through clouds at night. B.Radar data is better than optical images. C.AI helps analyze complex radar data effectively. D.AI can identify landscapes using satellite images. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.What is Nava's attitude towards AI in disaster response? A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Opposed. D.Uninterested. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英国研究人员利用人工智能技术预测极端天气或地震 后的滑坡,说明了该技术的研发背景、技术特点、当前进展及待解决的问题,展现了该技术在灾害应对 中的价值。 【高频词汇】    1.detect v.发现;查明;察觉    2.predict v.预测;预报;预言    3.emergency n.突发事件;紧急 情况 4.accuracy n.准确(性);精确(性)    5.crucial adj.危急的;至关紧要的 【熟词生义】　on the ground 熟义:在地面上　生义:在现场 【差距词汇】    1.geoscientist n.地球科学家 2.deforestation n.砍伐森林 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.D    解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As bad weather events are becoming much more frequent, the geoscientists turned to AI to be able to understand and respond to these climate events.”可知, 由于恶 劣天气事件变得越来越频繁,地球科学家们借助人工智能来理解和应对这些气候事件。故选D。 6.A    解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Landslides can also trigger broken rock flows or severe flooding that may increase the dangers.”可推测,滑坡应是引发了后续更危险的灾害,才能导致危险加剧, 所以画线词的意思应该是“引起;导致”,A项的意思与此相符。故选A。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.C    解析　主旨大意题。第四段主要围绕人工智能如何借助卫星图像识别地形展开,先说明训练人 工智能的目标——识别卫星图像中的地形,再补充雷达图像的特点及人工智能对雷达图像解读的辅助 作用。因此,C项“人工智能有助于有效分析复杂的雷达数据”概括了段落主旨。故选C。 8.D    解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知,Nava不仅带领团队研发用于预测滑坡的人工智能方法,还希 望通过结合卫星图像构建能适应任何天气的人工智能模型;文章最后一段中他明确表示“在灾害应对 这类危急情况下,对人工智能生成的结果的信任至关重要”,这些行为和表述均体现出他对人工智能在 灾害应对中的作用的认可与支持。故选B。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $