专题03 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道+其他）（期中真题汇编，广东专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道+其他） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chien-shiung (1912—1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity (宇称理论) in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johnson (1918—2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930—) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria (疟疾). Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1.What is Wu Chien-shiung famous for in history? A. Her Wu experiment B. Her winning of the Nobel Prize C. Her efforts in the Manhattan Project D. Her critical role in the work 2.Which of the following is TRUE about Hedy Lamarr? A. She was a professionally trained inventor. B. She achieved success in more than one field. C. Her invention was only used during the wartime. D. She worked with a scientist to develop a guidance system. 3.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explain some important scientific theories. B. To stress the importance of winning a Nobel Prize. C. To compare the backgrounds of four famous scientists. D. To honor women scientists for their great achievements. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Virginia’s autumn foliage (枝叶) appears in full force this month. Here are places to catch it all. Tidewater Tidewater areas feature forests with unique trees such as the bald cypress. Sweet gum trees, an eastern Virginia species, have every single color on one tree. One interesting thing about swampy (沼泽的), low-lying areas in the eastern part of the state: they change earlier than traditional forests do in the surrounding landscape, likely because colder nights closer to water sources force an earlier change in those species. Southwest Virginia Thanks to a combination of tree species, high elevation (海拔) and geographic location, this region is one of the earliest to show its striking colors. Every year is a little different, depending on what has happened over the summer in terms of rainfall and heat. But generally in Southwest Virginia, the peak (巅峰状态的) time of color is going to start in the west and progress to the east. Northern Virginia Parks such as Sky Meadows State Park in Fauquier County and Prince William Forest Park boast an impressive variety of tree types that produce a picture of colors. Beech and hickories are pretty much midseason standouts, turning yellow gold all over the tree. This contrasts well with all the oaks, which are usually late season; all of them often are green while everything else is blazing. Central and Southside Virginia Central and Southside Virginia are dominated by diverse forests of coniferous (松柏科的) trees that do not change color, such as pine trees and leaf-dropping trees such as oaks and hickories. Pocahontas State Park, south of Richmond, provides nearly 8,000 acres of all-inclusive forest that towers over visitors, while High Bridge Trail State Park gives a top-down foliage view. 1.What is special about sweet gum trees in autumn? A. They change colors in late season. B. They maintain original green color. C. They take on a golden yellow color. D. They display many colors on one tree. 2.Why is the autumn foliage different each year in Southwest Virginia? A. The high elevation causes cold nights. B. The summer weather conditions vary. C. The tree species changes each year. D. The water sources affect the color. 3.Which place offers a bird’s-eye view of the autumn foliage? A. Sky Meadows State Park. B. Pocahontas State Park. C. Prince William Forest Park. D. High Bridge Trail State Park. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东东莞松莞和深大附中联考·期中）Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot (血块) removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world. In modern society, about one in every dozen people may experience a blood clot in their lifetime. It is widely known that blood clots are the leading cause of strokes and heart attacks. During treatment, the ability to quickly and effectively restore blood flow becomes a matter of life and death. Unfortunately, traditional mechanical methods have a low success rate. The process is like trying to pick up broken tofu with chopsticks — not only is success unlikely, but the situation may even worsen. Blood clots may break apart while being deformed, resulting in small pieces stuck in hard-to-reach areas. However, Professor Zhao’s 2 mm micro-robot enters blood vessels (血管) and, using high- speed rotation (旋转) , generates forces to reduce the clot size to 5%. It’s like when you press and rub soft things, like hair, between your hands. The force makes them stick together into a small ball. The micro-robot works similarly, using pressure to bring the clot components together, making them easier to remove. This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood. What’s astonishing is that this innovation is inspired from subway TBMs, tunnel- boring machines (盾构机) . The way tunnel-boring machines efficiently handle hard soil and rock in narrow spaces inspired the creation. This brilliant Chinese researcher miniaturized the enormous underground machine to a size tens of thousands of times smaller, and adapted it for use in human blood vessels. Currently, the technology has been successfully tested on pigs. While most of these studies remain in the laboratory phase, the breakthrough itself is exciting. This technology may soon extend beyond blood clots to address issues like kidney stones or gallstones. 1.What is the advantage of Zhao’s micro-robot over traditional methods? A. It is recyclable and economical. B. It generates blood more rapidly. C. It prevents clots from forming again. D. It raises success rate and reduces side effects. 2.Why does the author mention the action of rubbing hair between hands in paragraph 4? A. To illustrate how people usually deal with soft things in daily life. B. To explain the physical principle behind the micro- robot’s function. C. To describe a common method used in other medical treatments. D. To emphasize the soft nature of blood clots compared to hair. 3.What does the underlined word “miniaturized” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. enlarged B. simplified C. shrank D. strengthened 4.What is the last paragraph about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible difficulty for further study. C. Potential application of the invention. D. Necessity for tests on more animals. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东东莞松莞和深大附中联考·期中）Imagine the final stretch of a marathon: your body aches, but the cheering crowd gives you energy to run faster. Similarly, a basketball team wins more home games in front of their own fans. Even you might solve a problem faster when someone watches. These common experiences all point to a basic psychological principle. This phenomenon is known as social facilitation (促进), which describes how individuals can perform tasks differently when in the company of others compared to when they are alone. The concept was first proposed by psychologist Norman Tripplett, who noticed that cyclists raced faster in groups. He tested his theory with a simple experiment where children were tasked with winding fishing line. Tripplett observed that the children who were being around others moved faster, suggesting that a peer (同龄人) nearby can motivate. But later studies found conflicting evidence. In another test, participants were given a more complex task, like memorizing a list of words. Those in front of others performed worse than those working alone. This contradiction (矛盾) led to a key change of the theory. The presence of an audience tends to improve performance on simple tasks. On the other hand, for novel tasks, the same audience can hurt performance. Why does this happen? Psychologists suggest the key reason is our concern about being judged by others. Since approval and disapproval often depend on others’ evaluations, we naturally become more alert in front of an audience. This alertness helps with mastered skills, but gets in the way of learning new ones. There isn’t one recipe for success, but social facilitation theory helps to point us in the right direction. To improve a well-practiced skill like running or playing an instrument, strategically seek an audience by joining a club or performing publicly. If you struggle when watched, practice alone until you gain confidence. By taking advantage of social settings wisely, we can use the audience effect to achieve our best performance. 1.What is the main idea of social facilitation? A. Group interaction enhances learning efficiency. B. Individual performance peaks in competitive settings. C. Social situations have predictable effects on behavior. D. The presence of others can influence our performance. 2.Which factor can explain the conflicting results in paragraph 3? A. The size of the audience. B. The difficulty of the task. C. The type of the reward. D. The personality of the participant. 3.What is the root cause of social facilitation? A. Evaluation anxiety. B. Peer pressure. C. Competitive desire. D. Personal standard. 4.What does the author suggest we do about the phenomenon? A. Gradually increase audience size. B. Thoughtfully manage social contexts. C. Actively observe others' performances. D. Strategically seek supportive audiences. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东H7联盟·12月大联考）Really young children don’t seem to remember a big part of their formative years. Why is this? When we’re born, our brain isn’t fully developed and it continues to grow and change massively in those first few years of life. For example, a baby’s brain is about a quarter of its adult size, but by the age of two, it’ll be three-quarters of its final size. And as our brain develops, our memory does too. A recent study used brain scans (扫描图) of 26 children aged four months to two years old to understand whether babies actually form memories. Children were shown a picture of a new face, object or scene for two seconds and were then shown it again 60 seconds later. If a baby had a lot of activity in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a key role in forming new memories, when looking at a new image, the scientists found they would then spend longer looking at it a second time. The theory goes that because babies tend to look at familiar things for longer, it’s likely that they are remembering what they have seen. If babies do in fact form memories then, researchers suggested, it’s likely that the inability to remember those early years could be caused by difficulties recalling memories. Study co-author Tristan Yates, a neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York City, said, “One really cool possibility is that the memories are actually still there in adulthood. It’s just that we’re not able to recollect them.” Why might we have trouble recalling memories? According to scientists at The University of Queensland, when we’re younger, a part of our hippocampus goes into overdrive, producing neurons (神经元) really quickly. Yet as we age, this slows down. The experts said it’s believed this quick-firing neuron production could contribute to little kids forgetting their earliest memories. They explained, “By forming new connections with memory circuits (回路), the masses of new neurons may break existing networks of already-formed memories.” 1.How did the researchers tell if babies had formed memories? A. By scanning the brain activity in hippocampus. B. By comparing the brain sizes of different babies. C. By testing their ability to recognize different sounds. D. By measuring how long they look at repeated images. 2.What does Tristan Yates agree on early memories in adulthood? A. They might be lost as we grow up. B. They remain but are hard to reach. C. They become much clearer over time. D. They are taken over by new memories. 3.How does the production of many new neurons lead to forgetting? A. It takes up too much space in the brain. B. It slows down the brain’s overall function. C. It destroys circuits that hold old memories. D. It prevents new memories from being formed. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why Can’t We Remember Being Babies? B. Why Shouldn’t We Wake Early Memories? C. How Are Memories Formed In Childhood? D. How Does Our Brain Size Affect Memories? 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广东广州三校（协和、增中、华侨）·期中）In the movie “The Wrong Trousers”, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded (嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow. Now, material scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing. In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibers, which can make fabric move automatically. Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing. In recent years, Google partnered with brands like Levi’s and Adıdas to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly. Researchers said they could soon unlock a stage where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help. At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can shape-shift. Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can weave (编织) into sheets of fabric. These tubes can make fabric take various preprogrammed shapes. But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics. Rebecca Kramer Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential.” It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibers and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry (洗衣房), she said. Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forward. “Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life.” she said. 1.What led to the creation of “The Right Trousers”? A. An electrical pump. B. A health issue. C. A tiny tube. D. A creative film. 2.What did scientists at MIT do last year? A. They put sensors in clothes. B. They created movable robotic fibers. C. They made batteries for robotic clothing. D. They released smart clothing connected to cellphones. 3.What does Do’s team find challenging? A. Reducing the size of robotic tubes. B. Keeping robotic tubes’ shape unchanged. C. Programming the shape of robotic tubes. D. Weaving robotic tubes into various fabrics. 4.What is Rebecca’s attitude toward the future of smart clothing? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Worried. D. Hopeful. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·广东H7联盟·12月大联考）In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year. Diuk-Wasser had been tracking tick activity in New York City for years. “A similar phenomenon may be unfolding nearby in Queens and Brooklyn,” Diuk-Wasser says. According to Diuk-Wasser, these insects can live in any area that’s forested or contains leaf litter that provides ticks with the high humidity (湿度). Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests. But as farming declined in the US in the 1900s, areas near cities were reforested with city parks. And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums. Among all of them, the biggest factor that influences whether an urban tick community will become bigger is whether there’s a pathway for deer to enter. As long as deer visit, we will find ticks. Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow. At the same time, climate change is majorly impacting tick activity. Decades ago, ticks would die out as winter came, but warmer weather has extended tick season. The odds you’ll be exposed to an infected (带菌的) tick in a city park are the same as the chance you’ll run into one on a wooded hike. Roughly 20 to 30 percent of baby ticks are infected with the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, research shows. “You do see cases where people acquired Lyme disease from urban parks,” says Diuk-Wasser. “Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.” 1.What surprised Diuk-Wasser in Staten Island? A. Ticks failed to adapt to life there. B. Ticks expanded in great numbers. C. Ticks had escaped to nearby areas. D. Ticks were hiding under wood piles. 2.What made ticks decline in the 1800s? A. Changes of land use. B. Rising deer populations. C. Overuse of chemicals. D. Construction of city parks. 3.What does the underlined words “in tow” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Driven. B. Threatened. C. Following. D. Disappearing. 4.What are people advised to do in urban greenspaces? A. Stay away from wildlife animals. B. Plant trees to reduce tick numbers. C. Avoid entering greenspaces during winter. D. Wear protective clothing as when hiking. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）The simple act of looking at a piece of visual art can improve your well-being, a new research study has found, and this benefit can be gained in a hospital setting as well as an art gallery. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and the findings were different, the authors say. This study examined decades of scattered (零散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and all-sided overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by a team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin. The study found that viewing art can improve well-being, which is associated with meaning in life and personal growth. These benefits were noticed in a variety of locations-in museums and galleries as well as clinics and hospital settings and also through the medium of virtual reality. A wide range of art types including abstract, modern paintings, photography and sculpture were found to promote well-being. “People often think of art as a luxury (奢侈品), but our research suggest that viewing art—whether as a hobby or as a targeted health intervention-can meaningfully support well-being. This research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies.” said MacKenzie Trupp, lead author and researcher at the University of Vienna and Radboud UMC, Donders Institute. Claire Howlin, Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, added: “While the mental health benefits of creating art have been widely explored, the impact of viewing art has been under-researched and undervalued. Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces—museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.” 1.Compared with the previous research, the new study is ________. A. thorough B. original C. one-sided D. limited 2.How did the researchers draw the new conclusion? A. By reviewing previous research. B. By performing scores of experiments. C. By interviewing thousands of participants. D. By keeping track of experimental subjects. 3.What is the significance of the study? A. It puts forward the theory behind art viewing. B. It proves art viewing as a simple way of communicating. C. It lays the foundation of creative approaches to curing patients. D. It points out the possibility of applying art to routine health care. 4.What can be inferred from Claire Howlin’s words? A. The effect of viewing art has fully been explored. B. Daily encounter with art is the key to improving health C. Promoting people’s appreciation of art is a crucial task. D. Visual art should be fully taken advantage of in daily life. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）Technology has been the great divider in many communities. Innovations have happened so fast that the “old way” of doing things from 20 years ago now feels like a centuries-wide gap. As a result, daily banking and shopping have become more difficult for senior citizens who grew up relying on a checkbook and a postal address. To those in their 80s, it feels like the planet has been taken over by space aliens (外星人) who speak a completely different language. And many youths haven’t realized that what is missing from their life experience is a rich connection to the past. During the outbreak of epidemic (流行病), ten-year-old Aadi Kulkarni watched his grandmother struggle to join family video calls, open attachments and fill out online medical forms. It was more than staying connected in an online world; Kulkarni realized an entire generation struggled with decreasing dignity and confidence. He also wanted his own generation to have the same type of respectful relationship he had with his grandmother. “What if,” he thought, “students like me, who grew up with technology, could help seniors like her feel less left behind?” So he founded TechPals. Kulkarni began with a few friends and a handful of seniors at the local library. They started by teaching the basics of smartphones. What he thought would be a few lessons turned into regularly scheduled events. Seniors brought their friends. Kulkarni made more friends. He coded a central website to manage volunteer sign-ups. “I’ve learned that social impact doesn’t have to require millions of dollars,” says Kulkarni. “Sometimes, it starts with a few students, a library room and the courage to show up.” Digital knowledge crosses the divide to help every generation access the amazing world technology has brought us. But technology is best when added to face-to-face relationships, like that created when a seasoned grandmother connects with a young grandson and both are eager to learn from each other. 1.What does the author mean by saying “a completely different language”? A. To point out the English language is always changing. B. To indicate the education of the elderly in the past was poor. C. To show the elderly have lost track of the fast-developing world. D. To prove the ability of the elderly to learn language is declining. 2.What inspired Kulkarni to set up TechPals? A. His desire to learn from the old. B. His grandmother’s trouble in digital life. C. His dream to found a technology company. D. His grandmother’s worsened living conditions. 3.What can be learned about TechPals? A. It encountered doubt at first. B. It simply offers online service. C. It is popular both at home and abroad. D. It is bridging the generation gap in a way. 4.What can be the best title for the passage? A. Kulkarni: Teaching His Grandmother Tech Skills. B. Technology: Expanding the Gap Facing the Seniors C. TechPals: Bridging the Tech Divide between Generations. D. Young Generations: Seeing the Trouble Faced by the Seniors Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）At a summer camp in a Southern California suburb, the grandmas were in charge. Every week, they taught a group of 8-to-14-year- olds life skills like how to cook and sew (缝制). “Loneliness is something that seniors are challenged with, and they love having younger people around them,” said Zainab Hussain, a program manager at Olive Community Services, a nonprofit that hosted the camp to bring teens and elderly adults together. In the camp, a small room was filled with energy as the kids chatted and chewed on snacks. Some grandmas were around and watched, content to just be around the youngsters. Haqiqah Abdul Rahim, one of the grandmas serving as the instructor for sewing, said many kids don’t learn these skills at school, so they’re filling in a gap. She stood in front of the room at the start of the activity, holding up various tools and explaining what they were. Rahim also didn’t get to spend a lot of time with her grandchildren because they didn’t live close. “It is heartwarming to be able to interact with those who love being around you,” Rahim said. The summer camp was held in partnership with the Golden Connections Club, started by14-year-old high school student Leena Albinali. She lived with her grandma but realized other students didn't have the same opportunity to spend as much time with their grandparents. She also learned about ageism (年龄歧视) and other challenges faced by senior adults in one of her classes. “They treat us like we’re their grandchildren,” Albinali said.“ We share what we know about artificial intelligence and its impact on our lives, and the elders share their life stories and advice. One of the most important things they’ve shared with me is to live in the moment, something that’s taken on new meaning for me — The people we have right now are not going to be with us forever.” 1.What is the purpose of the summer camp? A. To teach kids life skills. B. To help seniors fight loneliness. C. To connect generations. D. To educate kids to respect seniors. 2.How does Rahim find her job of teaching sewing in the camp? A. It makes up for the lessons at school. B. It offers career options to kids in future. C. It inspires kids’ interest in her profession. D. It reminds her to contact her grandchildren. 3.What inspired Albinali to set up Golden Connections Club? A. Her school’s support. B. Her own experience. C. Seniors’ common voice. D. Ageism her grandma got. 4.What message does Albinali want to convey in the last paragraph? A. The shared challenges facing generations. B. The curiosity of seniors about technology. C. The wisdom of the seniors’ life experience. D. The enriching exchange across generations. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Previous research shows that children learn more about money from their parents than any other source. Ashley LeBaron, a researcher at the University of Arizona, studied how financial-giving habits extend through generations, and how early life lessons in giving may contribute to personal and financial well-being later on. LeBaron and her team interviewed 115 participants, including college students, parents, and grandparents, about what they learned or taught about money. This provided understanding into how families share financial lessons across generations. Although the researchers didn’t specifically ask the participants to talk about financial giving, nearly 83 percent of them mentioned it as a key part of financial education they gave or received. Teaching kids to give can be a good way to help them learn basic financial skills, like budgeting (规划开支) and saving. For example, some participants recalled using three money jars from a young age — one for saving, one for spending, and one for giving. “If a certain percentage of your money goes toward giving, that’s the start of a budget right there,” LeBaron explains. Interestingly, kids can also influence their parents’ financial behaviors. Some parents reported that they have this awareness that their kids are learning financial attitudes and values from them, so sometimes they were more giving because they knew that their children were watching them, and they wanted to set that good example. They should make giving a point to let their children witness that behavior. Or even better, they should consider involving their children directly in giving activities. “Giving is rarely discussed in finance classes”, LeBaron says. “But our study shows that it may be one of the most important aspects of financial socialization, so we need to pay more attention to how it is taught.” 1.What is the main purpose of LeBaron’s study? A. To prove the importance of life lessons. B. To study personal and financial well-being. C. To compare children’s financial learning sources. D. To explore financial-giving habits and their effects. 2.What did most participants consider as an important part of financial education? A. Financial lessons. B. Early life lessons. C. Basic financial skills. D. Financial giving. 3.Why were some parents more giving according to paragraph 4? A. To improve their financial behaviors. B. To encourage children to do the same. C. To offer children more giving activities. D. To show children how to spend money. 4.What does LeBaron suggest in the last paragraph? A. Financial giving is the most important aspect. B. Financial giving is widely taught in finance classes. C. More attention should be paid to teaching financial giving. D. We need to pay more attention to financial socialization. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东两校联考·期中）Eat more when you are stressed? You’re not alone. More than a third of the participants in a survey said they change their diets during stressful times. Many of us are quick to turn to either sugary foods or highly refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) when the stress hits. “There can be a bit of a vicious cycle,” says David Ludwig, a professor at Harvard University. “When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to surges and crashes in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses”. So, if eating lots of refined carbohydrates and sugar may worsen our responses to stress, are there other types of food that make us more resilient? Researcher Joe Hibbeln believes the answer is yes. He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health. He also points to clinical trials that have found that omega-3 fatty acids may help control depressive symptoms. And a study of schoolchildren in England linked omega-3 fatty acids to more pro-social behavior. Drew Ramsey, a psychiatrist at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress. He points to his favorite breakfast: scrambled eggs (炒鸡蛋) mixed with the greens and topped with pumpkin seeds. With this meal, you are covering all your bases, Ramsey says. The eggs are a good source of B vitamins and protein, which can be more satisfactory than a carbohydrates-based breakfast. The greens are incredibly nutrient-dense, and are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K and potassium. And the pumpkin seeds are a good source of magnesium, which is thought to play a role in fighting off anxiety — and zinc, which may help boost the immune system. The bottom line? The foods we choose can’t magic away stress. But Ramsey says he believes “There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood”. 1.What does David Ludwig say about the foods we seek when stressed? A. They are full of nutrients. B. They help get rid of stress. C. They have long-term benefits. D. They provide instant comfort. 2.What does Joe Hibbeln’s research focus on? A. What depressive behaviors schoolchildren have. B. Why lots of refined foods release people’s anxiety. C. Whether omega-3 fatty acids are linked to emotional health. D. How omega-3 fatty acids worsen people’s responses to stress. 3.Why does Ramsey introduce his favourite breakfast? A. To attach importance to all kinds of vitamins. B. To illustrate his ways of beating hunger. C. To show the emotional support from a diet. D. To give examples of making delicious breakfast. 4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. More Food, More Comfort. B. Better Diet, Better Mood. C. Regular Eating, Reduced Stress. D. Authentic recipe, Excellent Fitness. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东广州三校（协和、增中、华侨）·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Body language is an essential part of communication and can be just as important as our verbal exchanges. Body language can be conscious (有意识的) or unconscious actions, so it is important to make sure your body is sending the same messages as your words to ensure good communication. These nonverbal tips can strengthen the verbal messages you’re sending, or lead to mistrust or confusion—signs of poor communication and misunderstanding. Body language can make interacting with others and expressing yourself much easier, but it can also introduce new challenges. Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves that we don’t want others to know. For example, bad posture or fidgeting (坐立不安) may communicate lack of confidence, something we may not intend for others to know about us. But body language can strengthen our verbal messages and solidify what we are telling others. Facing someone with eye contact or taking notes while someone is speaking can communicate real interest. Without these signs, teachers may not be able to assess a student’s understanding. When you’re speaking sincerely, it’s natural for your body language to respond to your words through gestures or facial expressions. We also use gestures in conversations to tell stories or describe objects, often using hand signals to show how big or small something is. These are largely unconscious, naturally occurring forms of body language. It can be difficult to communicate confidence in your actions when you may not feel it internally (内心上). When you display confident body language, such as good posture or eye contact, even if you’re making a conscious effort, studies have shown that it can lead to feeling more confident. When speaking to others, practice planting your feet confidently to increase self-esteem (自尊心). 1.Why is it important to ensure your body language matches your words? A. It helps avoid misunderstandings. B. It prevents unconscious gestures. C. It allows people to speak more quickly. D. It makes communication more humorous. 2.What might be implied if a student avoids eye contact in class? A. The student is taking notes carefully. B. The student may lack confidence or focus. C. The student is deeply interested in the topic. D. The student is using body language on purpose. 3.The word “solidify” in Paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A. weaken B. confuse C. strengthen D. simplify 4.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain the character of body language. B. To discuss the challenges of body language. C. To offer advice on using body language to improve self-feelings. D. To share different ways to communicate and display confidence. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）Tens of thousands of people bleed to death each year before they can get to a hospital. That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives. Some of this research is being conducted at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. Allan Doctor’s team makes artificial blood from hemoglobin (血红蛋白). The researchers obtain hemoglobin from outdated blood and enclose it in a bubble (泡) of fat, essentially creating artificial red blood cells (细胞) for use. This protective bubble is the innovation that Allan thinks will solve the safety problems caused by other attempts at making artificial blood. Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but protected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says. The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported. looks safe and effective. While the results so far seem positive, Allan says he still needs to prove that his artificial blood would be safe and effective for people. “I think it’s a reasonable approach,” says Tim Estep, a scientist who consults with companies developing artificial blood.“But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials,” he adds.“While I'm overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.” 1.Why do scientists develop artificial blood? A. To save the space of ambulances. B. To replace the outdated blood. C. To save those who bleed heavily. D. To deal with blood storage issue. 2.What is the function of bubble of fat to hemoglobin? A. To speed up its reproduction. B. To remove its harm to organs. C. To keep it from forming cells. D. To make its freeze-drying easy. 3.What highlights the powdered artificial blood? A. It won’t go bad easily. B. It functions without water. C. It produces rapid effects. D. It cuts down patients’ costs. 4.What is Tim Estep’s attitude towards Allan’s artificial blood? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Careful. D. Curious. 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）Large ice balls fall from the sky, bounce off hard surfaces-and sometimes even break windshields and hurt crops. Maybe you’ve seen these pieces of ice laying on the ground after a storm. Their attacks start and stop suddenly, seemingly without warning. This is a hailstorm (雹暴). And it can be a truly impressive sight. Particularly large or dense hailstones can damage human-made structures and objects, such as buildings and cars. Zach Lebo knows this firsthand. A scientist studying weather, he works at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. His parents in Pennsylvania had to replace their home’s roof twice in the last 10 years due to hail damage. Researchers are hoping to better understand hail. One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. Some hailstones have measured more than 13 centimeters across. That’s larger than a softball! Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (环形的) path through the atmosphere. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. Now they can estimate the paths each ice ball took through the sky by analyzing the chemistry of some hailstones collected by citizen scientists and then matching that chemistry with the properties of the atmosphere at different heights. Studying the shapes of hailstones also can help explain how each hailstone forms. Hailstones are seldom perfect ice balls, which come in all sorts of weird shapes, says Becky Adams-Selin, an American hail scientist. Some hailstones present leaf-like pieces of ice, she notes, and others can have sticking-out parts. She also developed a device to store hailstones as her team drives around. “It’s like a giant funnel (漏斗) that collects hail and funnels it into a battery-powered freezer,” she explains. Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere. It can be hard to directly observe where hail forms, Becky Adams-Selin explains. “We’re blind to what’s happening inside the clouds.” But hailstones deliver clues about what’s going on high in the sky right into scientists’ hands. 1.What does the example of Zach Lebo’s families show? A. Hailstones can really cause great damage. B. Pennsylvania often gets struck by hailstones. C. People have no good methods of knowing hail. D. Scientists can’t always predict hailstones accurately. 2.What contributions have Chinese scientists made? A. They have invented a battery-powered freezer. B. They can change the shape of hailstones at will. C. They have discovered how hailstones form in the air. D. They can figure out how hailstones travel in the atmosphere. 3.What does the underlined word “weird” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Round. B. Typical. C. Strange. D. Regular. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards hail? A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Negative. 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Researchers from Northwestern University and the Chicago Botanic Garden will study the carbon capture (碳捕获) effects of soil additives on agricultural fields. For the world to meet the global average temperature goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Agreement, we need to actively decrease carbon emissions (排放). Earth and planetary sciences professor Andy Jacobson suggests Earth science can help it and that one possible way is to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and lock it away for a few thousand years. The chemical weathering of rocks is a natural phenomenon that transforms atmospheric CO2 into a stable mineral form. When CO2 dissolves in water, it creates a substance that can break down rocks. This transformation releases elements from certain rocks and changes CO2 into a stable form. Over time, these elements combine to form minerals that are the building blocks of many natural structures and rocks. This transformation helps to lock carbon in a solid form, which plays an important part in stabilizing Earth’s climate over the long term. “Over much shorter human timescales, this stable form of CO2 acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2,” says Jacobson. Can we speed up the weathering process and actively remove carbon from the atmosphere at rates fast enough to help reduce the impact of modern climate change? Enhanced rock weathering was proposed as a strategy of decreasing carbon emissions decades ago but only recently gained interest. An article in a 2020 magazine estimated that enhanced weathering could remove up to 2 billion tons of CO2 annually from the atmosphere by 2050. Jacobson is leading a team of researchers to investigate this negative emissions technology. In a series of experimental systems that simulate natural conditions at the garden, researchers will test the effects from adding different types of rock to soils used to grow various crops. The soil additives will include a volcanic rock that chemically weathers faster than other rocks and minerals, potentially speeding up CO2 capture and storage. 1.What does Jacobson stress about Earth science in paragraph 2? A. Its scientific origin as a principle. B. Its present limitations in carbon capture. C. Its potential role in achieving climate goals. D. Its logical accuracy in temperature prediction. 2.What is mainly discussed in paragraph 3 concerning rocks? A. Their natural structures. B. The reasons for their formation. C. The process of their weathering. D. Their stable chemical composition. 3.What is the main function of the question in paragraph 4? A. To introduce the following solution. B. To doubt the content of a magazine. C. To summarize the previous paragraph. D. To show the fast rate of climate change. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Is Farming the Key to Carbon Capture? B. Can Humans Stabilize the Climate of Earth? C. What Is the Chemical Weathering of rocks? D. How Do Carbon Emissions Speed up Global Warming? Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (残酷的讽刺). Deep within Glacier National Park, visitors now can see an amazing sight: a peaceful lake of pale blue water lying among towering peaks. Beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is not desired by people. Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. The park has already lost 60 percent of its namesake (同名物) glaciers since the 1850s, and scientists predict their complete disappearance by the end of the century. Families from all over the US and abroad flood to these natural wonders to create memories that will last. Protecting the national park is one of the rare issues that bring political opponents together in the US. With tens of millions of visitors to these sites every year, it is also a matter of economic necessity. The US government recently announced considerable funds to help. This has issued a challenge to the identity of National Park Service, a US agency brought into existence by a 1916 law that called for the preservation of those treasured pristine (处于原始状态的) sites for the enjoyment of future generations. “But it’s now pretty clear that it’s not achievable in many places,” admits John Gross, an ecologist with the National Park Serviceˈs Climate Change Response Program. “It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named.” The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organizationˈs philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. 1.What does the underlined word “emblem” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Symbol. B. Location. C. Recovery. D. Construction. 2.Why is the new lake in the park mentioned? A. To stress the economic value of the park. B. To serve as evidence of the warming climate. C. To explain the process of glacier formation. D. To describe a new popular tourist attraction. 3.What can be learned about the National Park Service? A. It mainly allows for economic benefits. B. It shows confidence in restoring the park. C. It is forced to adjust its protection principle. D. It is taking measures to limit visitor numbers. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. A New Idea for Park Protection B. A Park Is Economically on Thin Ice C. A Political Agreement on Renaming a Park D. A Park Might Be at Risk of Redefining Itself 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Researchers have some new evidence about what makes birds make so much noise early in the morning, and it’s not for some of the reasons they previously thought. For decades, a popular theory about why birds sing at dawn — called the dawn chorus (合唱) — has been that they can be heard farther and more clearly at that time. Sound travels faster in humid (温暖潮湿的) air and it’s more humid early in the morning. It’s less windy, too, which is thought to lessen any distortion (失真) of their sounds. But scientists in India studied audio (声音的) recordings of birds in the rainforest. They said they didn’t find proof to support this idea about sound traveling better. It was one of the ideas about environmental factors. Another idea is that birds sing at dawn because it’s too dark to look for food. “We didn’t find much support for some of these environmental reasons suggested in past studies for birds singing more at dawn,” said Vijay Ramesh, a researcher at Cornell University. The researchers didn’t find one clear reason why the dawn chorus happens, but they found some support for the ideas that the early morning noise is about birds marking their territory after being inactive at night and talking about finding food. The team analyzed recordings from audio recorders placed at 43 locations in the Western Ghats mountain range in southern India, which is known as a biodiversity hotspot. They examined sounds of what they determined were 69 different species of birds. They studied recordings from the hours around dawn and the hours around dusk to compare activities. Unsurprisingly to anyone who’s been roused by bird calls, the vast majority of species they studied had significantly higher vocal activities at dawn compared to dusk. 1.What can be inferred from the findings of the study? A. Birds’ dawn singing may serve social functions. B. The old theory about dawn chorus is true. C. Birds are less active at dusk due to light. D. All birds sing to mark territory at dawn. 2.What was the researchers’ approach in the study? A. They observed birds’ feeding habits in the morning. B. They conducted experiments in a laboratory setting. C. They tracked birds’ movements in different countries. D. They analyzed audio recordings from tens of locations. 3.What does the underlined word “roused” in the last paragraph mean? A. Reminded. B. Woken up. C. Threatened. D. Stirred up. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广东四校·期中）If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China —guochao, or “China-chic”. The term characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands. China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10 billion yuan mark since its founding. The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager. “Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely, first and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition,” according to Kerr a Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By describing certain scenes. B. By quoting a famous saying. C. By providing some statistics. D. By giving some examples. 2.What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao. B. Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world. C. Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture. D. It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention. 3.Why did Li-Ning get so much attention during the 2018 New York Fashion Week? A. It took the lead in the similar brands. B. It adopted Western design in its sportswear. C. Its revenue hit the 10-billion-yuan mark that year. D. Its products followed the trend and reflected Chinese elements. 4.What may Kerra Zhou agree with? A. Chinese is still following the Western trend. B. Guochao’s success relies on Western recognition. C. National pride arouses the passion for guochao. D. Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·广东四校·期中）When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context. Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings. For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory. These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in our minds without an easily identifiable trigger. Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking at the time had no connection to your school. I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random. 1.Which of the following might be episodic memory? A. You predict a heavy rain is on the way. B. A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly. C. A song reminds you of your middle school graduation. D. You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”. 2.What is a feature of mind-pops? A. They have obvious triggers. B. They come out without warning. C. They appear in the form of images. D. They often bring long- lasting memories. 3.What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Careful. B. Dull. C. Necessary. D. Challenging. 4.What is the aim of this passage? A. To explore human inner thoughts. B. To point out the memory formation. C. To distinguish different memory scenes. D. To explain some similar memory phenomena. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东粤东四校·期中）Some teachers use a slight dip of the head. Some like to fold their arms and lean back, pushing their chest out. And for others, they may shrug impatiently, as if their body were a balloon and someone just popped it. In truth, though, there are hundreds — if not thousands — of ways a teacher may position their body to manage behaviour. An important question may be: did you have it right in the first place? Research shows that a teacher’s posture can be important in successful classroom behaviour management and that, when trying to convey a message, how you put your point across can carry much more significance than the point itself. In a 2018 study, Teachers’ Strategy of Positioning in Teaching Young Learners by Novi Rahayu Resuningrum, of YARSI University in Indonesia, it was said that if you use a strong posture and confident body language, you show your students that you’re approachable, that you support their learning and that you aren’t posing a threat for them to act out against. What’s more, the study showed that this positioning is an element that needs to be considered carefully before teaching, or when you plan the lesson, to be able to teach effectively in terms of time and method. But what is a “confident” body position? And what else do you need to know about the signals that your body is giving out around behaviour management? For a start, trying to look tough will almost certainly fail, says Esther Miltiadous, a body language expert who works with the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique. The organisation is set up by teachers to train colleagues to act properly. “Trying to look authoritative by having a military posture, with your chest out and shoulders back, can be really tiring on the body, and it’s also quite aggressive (咄咄逼人的),” she explains. 1.Why does the author list some examples in the first paragraph? A. To bring up the topic of teachers’ body language. B. To show which reader group the text is targeted at. C. To discuss in which way teachers should manage the class. D. To suggest what body language teachers should have in class. 2.What did the 2018 study find out about teachers’ body language? A. A teacher’s body language is necessary for teaching. B. Reading a teacher’s body language is difficult for students. C. A teacher’s strong body language makes students lose interest. D. Using too much body language is unhelpful in managing a class. 3.What is Esther Miltiadous’s attitude to looking tough? A. Disapproving. B. Uncaring. C. Thankful. D. Friendly. 4.What will most probably be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Other advice for teachers on improving students’ performances. B. Other ways for teachers to manage their bodies in class. C. Other influences of teachers’ behaviour on students. D. Other studies on body language. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东粤东四校·期中）America’s State Department places the languages it teaches ambassadors (外交官) into four categories, with estimates of how long they take to learn them ranging from 24 to 88 weeks. What underlies the difficulty of such languages for an English speaker? The first thing many will think of is the different writing system. Indeed none of the State Department’s hardest languages is written with the Latin alphabet (字母表) used by most European languages. Chinese stands out for its difficulty. Arabic is alphabet, with just a couple of dozen letters. Its two complications are that letters change shape depending on where they appear in a word (beginning, middle, end or alone) and that short vowels (元音) are not written. A second way languages can be hard is with sound distinctions that do not exist in the learner’s language. In Hindi, the t-and d-sounds can be retroflex (卷舌音的) or not, making two different letters that can distinguish two different words (moti with a retroflex means “fat, thick” and with a non-retroflex t means “pearl”). The words obviously matter too. Most European languages share an ancestor and so their words, too, often come in related pairs. If you know water in Spanish is agua, it is easy to figure out Italian aqua and English aquatic. Languages unrelated to European ones will lack linguistic (语言的) similarity in vocabulary. Grammar can further complicate foreign language learning. Therefore, the overall hardness of a language can be seen as the sum of the difficulty of its writing system, sounds, words and grammar. These come in different percentages: one professor of Chinese has called it the most difficult language he has ever learned to write and the easiest he has learned to speak. If you want to learn a language just for fun, start with Swedish. If you want to learn an impressive number, stay in Europe. But if you really want to impress, boosting your brain power to master Chinese is the sign of the true linguistic Ironman. 1.What makes writing Arabic difficult for English speakers? A. The variations of its vowels. B. The flexibility of its letters. C. The width of its vocabulary. D. The similarities it bears to Latin. 2.What can we learn about retroflex sounds? A. They are very common in Arabic. B. They differentiate meaning in Hindi. C. They make Hindi vocabulary easy to learn. D. They are unfound in many European languages. 3.Why is the professor mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To recognize his achievements in studying grammar. B. To offer a standard to decide on language complexity. C. To show that language difficulty is multi-dimensional. D. To highlight the high-level difficulty of Chinese. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Which languages take English users the longest to learn? B. How can Americans learn a foreign language more effectively? C. Which foreign languages are popular with English speakers? D. Why is learning a second language important for ambassadors? Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东四校·期中）When colds and flu hit, many people automatically turn to over-the-counter (OTC) medicines to push through and treat their symptoms. Although these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might come as a surprise to many people to learn that they are not risk-free. A study estimated that every year, 26,735 people went to the emergency room for adverse (不利的) events related to OTC cold and cough medicines. When two or more drugs are used together, their interactions can sometimes produce unexpected harmful effects. Physicians are typically knowledgeable about potential drug interactions, so it is very important for patients to ask their healthcare providers which OTC medicines are safe for them to use. It is important to read the package ingredients of OTC medicines closely to avoid duplication of doses (剂量重复). Cold medicines are typically made up of multiple ingredients. A person who takes a single-ingredient medicine paired with one of these multi-ingredient medicines can receive an unsafe dose of that ingredient. While everyone could potentially experience adverse effects from cold and flu medicines, some groups — including older adults, children and pregnant women — may be at greater risk. Older people who are using prescribed drugs to treat multiple health conditions may have a higher risk of drug interactions because of the higher number of medicines being used at the same time to treat different conditions. The aging body is not as expert at absorbing, distributing and clearing medicines as younger bodies are. This can put older adults at higher risk for an overdose and drug-to-drug interactions with some medicines. The Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend giving cold medicines to children under age 4. Because of a variety of factors, young children have a higher risk of an accidental overdose and adverse events that could lead to death. 1.What does the author advise patients to do in Paragraph 2? A. To ask for suggestions from doctors. B. To buy medicines from hospitals. C. To read the package ingredients of drugs. D. To take drugs as early as possible. 2.What’s the purpose of mentioning cold medicines in Paragraph 3? A. To provide a medical choice for people who catch a cold. B. To show cold medicines are more likely to cause bad effects. C. To explain OTC medicines often have more than one ingredient. D. To stress the importance of learning about medicines’ ingredients. 3.What can we infer about older people in Paragraph 4? A. They can’t cope with aging positively. B. Their body can’t handle medicines easily. C. They are more easily affected by diseases. D. Their desire for health makes them unwise. 4.What’s the best title for the passage? A. Say No to OTC Drugs B. Tips on Taking OTC Drugs C. OTC Medicines May Not Be Safe D. How to Deal with an OTC Drug Overdose / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道+其他） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 1. A　2. B　3. D 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 1. D　2. B　3. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 2 1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B Passage 3 1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C Passage 2 1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 1. D　2. D　3. B　4. C 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B Passage 2 1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B Passage 3 1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 4 1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 1. A　2. C　3. C　4. B 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 1. C　2. C　3. A　4. A Passage 2 1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 1. A　2. D　3. B 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 1. A　2. A　3. D　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 1. C　2. B　3. B　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. A　2. A　3. A　4. B Passage 2 1. B　2. B　3. C　4. A Passage 3 1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道+其他） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chien-shiung (1912—1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity (宇称理论) in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johnson (1918—2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930—) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria (疟疾). Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1.What is Wu Chien-shiung famous for in history? A. Her Wu experiment B. Her winning of the Nobel Prize C. Her efforts in the Manhattan Project D. Her critical role in the work 2.Which of the following is TRUE about Hedy Lamarr? A. She was a professionally trained inventor. B. She achieved success in more than one field. C. Her invention was only used during the wartime. D. She worked with a scientist to develop a guidance system. 3.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explain some important scientific theories. B. To stress the importance of winning a Nobel Prize. C. To compare the backgrounds of four famous scientists. D. To honor women scientists for their great achievements. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位在STEM领域做出卓越贡献、推动世界发展的女性科学家。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Wu Chien-shiung中的“Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity (宇称理论) in physics.(她著名的吴实验推翻了物理学中的宇称理论)”可知，Wu Chien-shiung在历史上闻名是因为她的吴实验。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr中的“Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor.(出生于奥地利的拉玛出演了多部好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大成功。她同时也非常聪慧，是一位自学成才的发明家)”可知，海蒂・拉玛在演艺界和发明界都取得了成就，也就是在多个领域获得了成功。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.(世界各地的女性科学家为科学、技术、工程和数学领域做出了重大贡献。以下是四位突破界限、改变世界的女性科学家)”可知，本文的主要目的是表彰这四位女性科学家的伟大成就。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Virginia’s autumn foliage (枝叶) appears in full force this month. Here are places to catch it all. Tidewater Tidewater areas feature forests with unique trees such as the bald cypress. Sweet gum trees, an eastern Virginia species, have every single color on one tree. One interesting thing about swampy (沼泽的), low-lying areas in the eastern part of the state: they change earlier than traditional forests do in the surrounding landscape, likely because colder nights closer to water sources force an earlier change in those species. Southwest Virginia Thanks to a combination of tree species, high elevation (海拔) and geographic location, this region is one of the earliest to show its striking colors. Every year is a little different, depending on what has happened over the summer in terms of rainfall and heat. But generally in Southwest Virginia, the peak (巅峰状态的) time of color is going to start in the west and progress to the east. Northern Virginia Parks such as Sky Meadows State Park in Fauquier County and Prince William Forest Park boast an impressive variety of tree types that produce a picture of colors. Beech and hickories are pretty much midseason standouts, turning yellow gold all over the tree. This contrasts well with all the oaks, which are usually late season; all of them often are green while everything else is blazing. Central and Southside Virginia Central and Southside Virginia are dominated by diverse forests of coniferous (松柏科的) trees that do not change color, such as pine trees and leaf-dropping trees such as oaks and hickories. Pocahontas State Park, south of Richmond, provides nearly 8,000 acres of all-inclusive forest that towers over visitors, while High Bridge Trail State Park gives a top-down foliage view. 1.What is special about sweet gum trees in autumn? A. They change colors in late season. B. They maintain original green color. C. They take on a golden yellow color. D. They display many colors on one tree. 2.Why is the autumn foliage different each year in Southwest Virginia? A. The high elevation causes cold nights. B. The summer weather conditions vary. C. The tree species changes each year. D. The water sources affect the color. 3.Which place offers a bird’s-eye view of the autumn foliage? A. Sky Meadows State Park. B. Pocahontas State Park. C. Prince William Forest Park. D. High Bridge Trail State Park. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍弗吉尼亚州本月秋季枝叶繁茂的景象，并推荐该州不同地区观赏秋叶的好去处及各地区特色。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Tidewater部分中的“Sweet gum trees, an eastern Virginia species, have every single color on one tree. (枫香树是弗吉尼亚州东部的一个树种，一棵树就能呈现出所有颜色。)”可知，枫香树在秋天的特别之处在于单棵树上能展现多种颜色。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Southwest Virginia部分中的“Every year is a little different, depending on what has happened over the summer in terms of rainfall and heat. (每年的情况都略有不同，这取决于夏季的降雨量和热量情况。)”可知，弗吉尼亚州西南部每年秋叶景象不同，是因为夏季的天气条件存在差异。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Central and Southside Virginia部分中的“Pocahontas State Park, south of Richmond, provides nearly 8,000 acres of all-inclusive forest that towers over visitors, while High Bridge Trail State Park gives a top-down foliage view. (里士满以南的波卡洪塔斯州立公园拥有近 8000 英亩包罗万象的森林，这些树木高耸于游客之上；而高桥步道州立公园则能提供自上而下的枝叶景观。)”可知，“top-down view”即“鸟瞰视角”，高桥步道州立公园能让人鸟瞰秋叶。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东东莞松莞和深大附中联考·期中）Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot (血块) removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world. In modern society, about one in every dozen people may experience a blood clot in their lifetime. It is widely known that blood clots are the leading cause of strokes and heart attacks. During treatment, the ability to quickly and effectively restore blood flow becomes a matter of life and death. Unfortunately, traditional mechanical methods have a low success rate. The process is like trying to pick up broken tofu with chopsticks — not only is success unlikely, but the situation may even worsen. Blood clots may break apart while being deformed, resulting in small pieces stuck in hard-to-reach areas. However, Professor Zhao’s 2 mm micro-robot enters blood vessels (血管) and, using high- speed rotation (旋转) , generates forces to reduce the clot size to 5%. It’s like when you press and rub soft things, like hair, between your hands. The force makes them stick together into a small ball. The micro-robot works similarly, using pressure to bring the clot components together, making them easier to remove. This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood. What’s astonishing is that this innovation is inspired from subway TBMs, tunnel- boring machines (盾构机) . The way tunnel-boring machines efficiently handle hard soil and rock in narrow spaces inspired the creation. This brilliant Chinese researcher miniaturized the enormous underground machine to a size tens of thousands of times smaller, and adapted it for use in human blood vessels. Currently, the technology has been successfully tested on pigs. While most of these studies remain in the laboratory phase, the breakthrough itself is exciting. This technology may soon extend beyond blood clots to address issues like kidney stones or gallstones. 1.What is the advantage of Zhao’s micro-robot over traditional methods? A. It is recyclable and economical. B. It generates blood more rapidly. C. It prevents clots from forming again. D. It raises success rate and reduces side effects. 2.Why does the author mention the action of rubbing hair between hands in paragraph 4? A. To illustrate how people usually deal with soft things in daily life. B. To explain the physical principle behind the micro- robot’s function. C. To describe a common method used in other medical treatments. D. To emphasize the soft nature of blood clots compared to hair. 3.What does the underlined word “miniaturized” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. enlarged B. simplified C. shrank D. strengthened 4.What is the last paragraph about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible difficulty for further study. C. Potential application of the invention. D. Necessity for tests on more animals. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯坦福大学助理教授赵芮可在《自然》杂志上发表的一项突破性医学成果，即利用2毫米微型机器人提高血栓清除成功率及其潜在应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot (血块) removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world.(斯坦福大学助理教授赵芮可在《自然》杂志上发表了一项具有开创性的医学突破：她利用一个仅2毫米大小的微型机器人，将清除血块的成功率从区区11%大幅提升至惊人的90%，这一成果在医学界引起了巨大轰动。)”和第四段中“This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood.(这个过程不需要药物，不会造成血管损伤，并能有效地将被困的红细胞释放回血液中。)”可知，赵芮可的微型机器人的优势在于它提高了成功率并减少了副作用。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“It’s like when you press and rub soft things, like hair, between your hands. The force makes them stick together into a small ball. The micro-robot works similarly, using pressure to bring the clot components together, making them easier to remove.(这就像你在双手之间按压和揉搓柔软的东西，比如头发。这种力量使它们粘在一起形成一个小球。微型机器人的工作原理类似，利用压力将血栓成分聚集在一起，使其更容易被清除。)”可知，作者提到在双手之间揉搓头发的动作是为了解释微型机器人功能背后的物理原理。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段“This brilliant Chinese researcher miniaturized the enormous underground machine to a size tens of thousands of times smaller, and adapted it for use in human blood vessels.(这位才华横溢的中国研究人员将巨大的地下机器miniaturized到数万倍小，并使其适应人体血管的使用。)”可知，这位中国研究人员将巨大的地下机器缩小到数万倍小，故可推测miniaturized意为“缩小”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Currently, the technology has been successfully tested on pigs. While most of these studies remain in the laboratory phase, the breakthrough itself is exciting. This technology may soon extend beyond blood clots to address issues like kidney stones or gallstones.(目前，这项技术已经在猪身上成功进行了测试。虽然大多数这些研究仍处于实验室阶段，但这一突破本身是令人兴奋的。这项技术可能很快就会超越血栓，用于解决肾结石或胆结石等问题。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了这项发明的潜在应用。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东东莞松莞和深大附中联考·期中）Imagine the final stretch of a marathon: your body aches, but the cheering crowd gives you energy to run faster. Similarly, a basketball team wins more home games in front of their own fans. Even you might solve a problem faster when someone watches. These common experiences all point to a basic psychological principle. This phenomenon is known as social facilitation (促进), which describes how individuals can perform tasks differently when in the company of others compared to when they are alone. The concept was first proposed by psychologist Norman Tripplett, who noticed that cyclists raced faster in groups. He tested his theory with a simple experiment where children were tasked with winding fishing line. Tripplett observed that the children who were being around others moved faster, suggesting that a peer (同龄人) nearby can motivate. But later studies found conflicting evidence. In another test, participants were given a more complex task, like memorizing a list of words. Those in front of others performed worse than those working alone. This contradiction (矛盾) led to a key change of the theory. The presence of an audience tends to improve performance on simple tasks. On the other hand, for novel tasks, the same audience can hurt performance. Why does this happen? Psychologists suggest the key reason is our concern about being judged by others. Since approval and disapproval often depend on others’ evaluations, we naturally become more alert in front of an audience. This alertness helps with mastered skills, but gets in the way of learning new ones. There isn’t one recipe for success, but social facilitation theory helps to point us in the right direction. To improve a well-practiced skill like running or playing an instrument, strategically seek an audience by joining a club or performing publicly. If you struggle when watched, practice alone until you gain confidence. By taking advantage of social settings wisely, we can use the audience effect to achieve our best performance. 1.What is the main idea of social facilitation? A. Group interaction enhances learning efficiency. B. Individual performance peaks in competitive settings. C. Social situations have predictable effects on behavior. D. The presence of others can influence our performance. 2.Which factor can explain the conflicting results in paragraph 3? A. The size of the audience. B. The difficulty of the task. C. The type of the reward. D. The personality of the participant. 3.What is the root cause of social facilitation? A. Evaluation anxiety. B. Peer pressure. C. Competitive desire. D. Personal standard. 4.What does the author suggest we do about the phenomenon? A. Gradually increase audience size. B. Thoughtfully manage social contexts. C. Actively observe others' performances. D. Strategically seek supportive audiences. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了社会促进这一心理学现象，阐述其概念、实验依据、任务难度对其的影响、产生根源及对人们利用该现象的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“This phenomenon is known as social facilitation (促进), which describes how individuals can perform tasks differently when in the company of others compared to when they are alone. (这种现象被称为社会促进，它描述了个人在他人陪伴下与独处时如何以不同的方式执行任务)”可知，社会促进的核心是他人的存在会影响个人表现。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“In another test, participants were given a more complex task, like memorizing a list of words. Those in front of others performed worse than those working alone. (在另一项测试中，参与者被要求完成一项更复杂的任务，比如记忆一组单词。在其他人面前进行的人比独自进行的人表现得更差)”以及“The presence of an audience tends to improve performance on simple tasks. On the other hand, for novel tasks, the same audience can hurt performance. (有观众在场往往会提高简单任务的表现。另一方面，对于新任务，同样的观众可能会影响表现)”可知，任务难度是解释矛盾结果的因素。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Psychologists suggest the key reason is our concern about being judged by others. (心理学家认为，关键原因是我们担心被别人评价)”可知，社会促进的根源是对他人评价的焦虑。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“By taking advantage of social settings wisely, we can use the audience effect to achieve our best performance. (通过明智地利用社交环境，我们可以利用受众效应来实现我们的最佳表现)”可知，作者建议明智地管理社交环境。故选 B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东H7联盟·12月大联考）Really young children don’t seem to remember a big part of their formative years. Why is this? When we’re born, our brain isn’t fully developed and it continues to grow and change massively in those first few years of life. For example, a baby’s brain is about a quarter of its adult size, but by the age of two, it’ll be three-quarters of its final size. And as our brain develops, our memory does too. A recent study used brain scans (扫描图) of 26 children aged four months to two years old to understand whether babies actually form memories. Children were shown a picture of a new face, object or scene for two seconds and were then shown it again 60 seconds later. If a baby had a lot of activity in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a key role in forming new memories, when looking at a new image, the scientists found they would then spend longer looking at it a second time. The theory goes that because babies tend to look at familiar things for longer, it’s likely that they are remembering what they have seen. If babies do in fact form memories then, researchers suggested, it’s likely that the inability to remember those early years could be caused by difficulties recalling memories. Study co-author Tristan Yates, a neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York City, said, “One really cool possibility is that the memories are actually still there in adulthood. It’s just that we’re not able to recollect them.” Why might we have trouble recalling memories? According to scientists at The University of Queensland, when we’re younger, a part of our hippocampus goes into overdrive, producing neurons (神经元) really quickly. Yet as we age, this slows down. The experts said it’s believed this quick-firing neuron production could contribute to little kids forgetting their earliest memories. They explained, “By forming new connections with memory circuits (回路), the masses of new neurons may break existing networks of already-formed memories.” 1.How did the researchers tell if babies had formed memories? A. By scanning the brain activity in hippocampus. B. By comparing the brain sizes of different babies. C. By testing their ability to recognize different sounds. D. By measuring how long they look at repeated images. 2.What does Tristan Yates agree on early memories in adulthood? A. They might be lost as we grow up. B. They remain but are hard to reach. C. They become much clearer over time. D. They are taken over by new memories. 3.How does the production of many new neurons lead to forgetting? A. It takes up too much space in the brain. B. It slows down the brain’s overall function. C. It destroys circuits that hold old memories. D. It prevents new memories from being formed. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why Can’t We Remember Being Babies? B. Why Shouldn’t We Wake Early Memories? C. How Are Memories Formed In Childhood? D. How Does Our Brain Size Affect Memories? 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了人类为何难以回忆婴儿时期记忆。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“If a baby had a lot of activity in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a key role in forming new memories, when looking at a new image, the scientists found they would then spend longer looking at it a second time. The theory goes that because babies tend to look at familiar things for longer, it’s likely that they are remembering what they have seen.(科学家们发现，如果婴儿在看新图像时，海马体（海马体在形成新记忆中起着关键作用）活动频繁，那么他们第二次看新图像的时间就会更长。该理论认为，由于婴儿倾向于看熟悉的东西的时间更长，他们很可能会记住他们所看到的东西。)”可知，研究者通过测量婴儿第二次看图片的时长来判断是否形成记忆。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Study co-author Tristan Yates, a neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York City, said, “One really cool possibility is that the memories are actually still there in adulthood. It’s just that we’re not able to recollect them.”(研究报告的合著者、纽约哥伦比亚大学的神经科学家特里斯坦·耶茨说：“一种非常酷的可能性是，这些记忆实际上在成年后仍然存在。只是我们记不起来了。”)”可知，成年后，记忆仍在，只是难以提取。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“The experts said it’s believed this quick-firing neuron production could contribute to little kids forgetting their earliest memories. They explained, “By forming new connections with memory circuits (回路), the masses of new neurons may break existing networks of already-formed memories.”(专家表示，这种神经元快速增殖的现象可能是导致幼儿遗忘早期记忆的原因之一。他们解释说：“大量新生的神经元通过与记忆回路形成新的连接，可能会破坏已形成的记忆网络。”)”可知，大量新神经元会破坏原有记忆回路。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇提出核心问题“Really young children don’t seem to remember a big part of their formative years. Why is this?(幼童似乎记不起他们成长过程中很大一部分经历。这是为什么呢？)”，随后通过研究解释婴儿能形成记忆，但成年后难以回忆的原因 (海马体神经元快速生成破坏旧记忆网络)。A项“Why Can’t We Remember Being Babies?(为什么我们记不住婴儿时期的事？) 精准概括全文主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广东广州三校（协和、增中、华侨）·期中）In the movie “The Wrong Trousers”, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded (嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow. Now, material scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing. In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibers, which can make fabric move automatically. Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing. In recent years, Google partnered with brands like Levi’s and Adıdas to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly. Researchers said they could soon unlock a stage where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help. At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can shape-shift. Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can weave (编织) into sheets of fabric. These tubes can make fabric take various preprogrammed shapes. But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics. Rebecca Kramer Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential.” It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibers and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry (洗衣房), she said. Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forward. “Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life.” she said. 1.What led to the creation of “The Right Trousers”? A. An electrical pump. B. A health issue. C. A tiny tube. D. A creative film. 2.What did scientists at MIT do last year? A. They put sensors in clothes. B. They created movable robotic fibers. C. They made batteries for robotic clothing. D. They released smart clothing connected to cellphones. 3.What does Do’s team find challenging? A. Reducing the size of robotic tubes. B. Keeping robotic tubes’ shape unchanged. C. Programming the shape of robotic tubes. D. Weaving robotic tubes into various fabrics. 4.What is Rebecca’s attitude toward the future of smart clothing? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Worried. D. Hopeful. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了智能服装的研发进展及未来展望。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the movie “The Wrong Trousers”, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded (嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow. (在电影《错误的裤子》中，有一条未来主义的裤子能让人们在墙壁和天花板上行走。受此启发，英国的研究人员开发出了“正确的裤子”，这种裤子内置了电动泵，可以向微小的管道中充气使其膨胀，从而帮助老年人或残疾人解决起身或改善血液循环等问题)”可知，研究人员受到了一部有创意的电影的启发，发明了“正确的裤子”。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing. (去年，麻省理工学院的科学家们制造了可以嵌入衣物中的纤维电池，为智能服装供电)”可知，去年麻省理工学院为机器人服装制造电池。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics. (但对于Do的团队来说，仍然存在挑战，尤其是如何使这些机器人管道变得更小，以便更容易与其他面料编织在一起)”可知，Do的团队认为减小机器人管道的尺寸具有挑战性。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life. (最近的突破指向了一个不太遥远的未来，那时智能服装将成为我们日常生活的一部分)”可推知，Rebecca对智能服装未来的发展充满希望。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·广东H7联盟·12月大联考）In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year. Diuk-Wasser had been tracking tick activity in New York City for years. “A similar phenomenon may be unfolding nearby in Queens and Brooklyn,” Diuk-Wasser says. According to Diuk-Wasser, these insects can live in any area that’s forested or contains leaf litter that provides ticks with the high humidity (湿度). Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests. But as farming declined in the US in the 1900s, areas near cities were reforested with city parks. And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums. Among all of them, the biggest factor that influences whether an urban tick community will become bigger is whether there’s a pathway for deer to enter. As long as deer visit, we will find ticks. Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow. At the same time, climate change is majorly impacting tick activity. Decades ago, ticks would die out as winter came, but warmer weather has extended tick season. The odds you’ll be exposed to an infected (带菌的) tick in a city park are the same as the chance you’ll run into one on a wooded hike. Roughly 20 to 30 percent of baby ticks are infected with the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, research shows. “You do see cases where people acquired Lyme disease from urban parks,” says Diuk-Wasser. “Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.” 1.What surprised Diuk-Wasser in Staten Island? A. Ticks failed to adapt to life there. B. Ticks expanded in great numbers. C. Ticks had escaped to nearby areas. D. Ticks were hiding under wood piles. 2.What made ticks decline in the 1800s? A. Changes of land use. B. Rising deer populations. C. Overuse of chemicals. D. Construction of city parks. 3.What does the underlined words “in tow” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Driven. B. Threatened. C. Following. D. Disappearing. 4.What are people advised to do in urban greenspaces? A. Stay away from wildlife animals. B. Plant trees to reduce tick numbers. C. Avoid entering greenspaces during winter. D. Wear protective clothing as when hiking. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约市蜱虫数量增加的现象，探讨了其背后的原因(城市绿化、野生动物回归、气候变化)，并给出了在城市绿地中应如何防护的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year.(在史坦顿岛的公园和后院，疾病生态学家玛丽亚·迪乌克-瓦塞尔对她所看到的景象感到惊讶。蜱虫——而且数量很多——蜷缩在木堆里、树叶之间和喂鸟器下面。它们的数量比她去年发现的还要多)”可知，让Diuk-Wasser感到惊讶的是，她看到了大量的蜱虫，而且数量比去年更多。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests.(蜱虫曾长期占据如今城市所在的地方，但在19世纪，由于森林被砍伐用于农业目的，它们被迫离开，迁移到任何有森林的地方)”可知，19世纪蜱虫减少是因为土地用途的改变(砍伐森林用于农业)。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。第三段划线词上文“And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums.(蜱虫通过依附在其他动物的背上，已经“搭便车”进入了这些公园。只要有宿主——无论是浣熊、老鼠、鸟类、松鼠还是负鼠——蜱虫就能生存)”提到蜱虫可以依附在其他动物身上搭便车。根据划线词所在句“Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow.(随着城市的重新绿化，野生动物——包括鹿和白足鼠——回归了，蜱虫in tow)” 可知，城市重新绿化，野生动物回归，所以，在其他动物身上搭便车的蜱虫群落也随之而来，跟着回归了。因此，划线短语“in tow”指“跟随着、随之而来”，与C项“Following”意思相近。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.(因此，在某些城市绿地中，你应该像在野外徒步或露营一样保护自己)”可知，建议人们在城市绿地中采取与野外徒步时相同的防护措施，如穿着防护服装等。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）The simple act of looking at a piece of visual art can improve your well-being, a new research study has found, and this benefit can be gained in a hospital setting as well as an art gallery. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and the findings were different, the authors say. This study examined decades of scattered (零散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and all-sided overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by a team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin. The study found that viewing art can improve well-being, which is associated with meaning in life and personal growth. These benefits were noticed in a variety of locations-in museums and galleries as well as clinics and hospital settings and also through the medium of virtual reality. A wide range of art types including abstract, modern paintings, photography and sculpture were found to promote well-being. “People often think of art as a luxury (奢侈品), but our research suggest that viewing art—whether as a hobby or as a targeted health intervention-can meaningfully support well-being. This research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies.” said MacKenzie Trupp, lead author and researcher at the University of Vienna and Radboud UMC, Donders Institute. Claire Howlin, Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, added: “While the mental health benefits of creating art have been widely explored, the impact of viewing art has been under-researched and undervalued. Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces—museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.” 1.Compared with the previous research, the new study is ________. A. thorough B. original C. one-sided D. limited 2.How did the researchers draw the new conclusion? A. By reviewing previous research. B. By performing scores of experiments. C. By interviewing thousands of participants. D. By keeping track of experimental subjects. 3.What is the significance of the study? A. It puts forward the theory behind art viewing. B. It proves art viewing as a simple way of communicating. C. It lays the foundation of creative approaches to curing patients. D. It points out the possibility of applying art to routine health care. 4.What can be inferred from Claire Howlin’s words? A. The effect of viewing art has fully been explored. B. Daily encounter with art is the key to improving health C. Promoting people’s appreciation of art is a crucial task. D. Visual art should be fully taken advantage of in daily life. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了观赏视觉艺术对提升个人福祉的积极作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“This study examined decades of scattered (零散的) research, providing for the first time a clear and all-sided overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being.(这项研究调查了几十年的零散研究，首次对何时、何地以及为什么艺术观看被用来促进福祉提供了一个清晰而全面的概述。)”可知，与以前的研究相比，新的研究是彻底的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by a team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin.(由维也纳大学、都柏林三一学院和柏林洪堡大学的心理学家组成的一个团队，对38项先前发表的研究进行了综述，这些研究共涉及6805名参与者。)”可知，研究人员是通过回顾先前的研究来得出新的结论的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies.(这项研究为将艺术融入日常环境和公共卫生策略开辟了令人振奋的可能性。)”可知，这项研究的意义是指出了将艺术应用于日常医疗保健的可能性。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces—museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.(然而，视觉艺术存在于日常空间中，且触手可及——博物馆、美术馆、医院以及家中皆有它的身影。了解其影响，能够开辟新途径，通过日常与艺术的接触来促进身心健康。)”可知，从Claire Howlin的话中可以推断出在日常生活中应充分利用视觉艺术。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）Technology has been the great divider in many communities. Innovations have happened so fast that the “old way” of doing things from 20 years ago now feels like a centuries-wide gap. As a result, daily banking and shopping have become more difficult for senior citizens who grew up relying on a checkbook and a postal address. To those in their 80s, it feels like the planet has been taken over by space aliens (外星人) who speak a completely different language. And many youths haven’t realized that what is missing from their life experience is a rich connection to the past. During the outbreak of epidemic (流行病), ten-year-old Aadi Kulkarni watched his grandmother struggle to join family video calls, open attachments and fill out online medical forms. It was more than staying connected in an online world; Kulkarni realized an entire generation struggled with decreasing dignity and confidence. He also wanted his own generation to have the same type of respectful relationship he had with his grandmother. “What if,” he thought, “students like me, who grew up with technology, could help seniors like her feel less left behind?” So he founded TechPals. Kulkarni began with a few friends and a handful of seniors at the local library. They started by teaching the basics of smartphones. What he thought would be a few lessons turned into regularly scheduled events. Seniors brought their friends. Kulkarni made more friends. He coded a central website to manage volunteer sign-ups. “I’ve learned that social impact doesn’t have to require millions of dollars,” says Kulkarni. “Sometimes, it starts with a few students, a library room and the courage to show up.” Digital knowledge crosses the divide to help every generation access the amazing world technology has brought us. But technology is best when added to face-to-face relationships, like that created when a seasoned grandmother connects with a young grandson and both are eager to learn from each other. 1.What does the author mean by saying “a completely different language”? A. To point out the English language is always changing. B. To indicate the education of the elderly in the past was poor. C. To show the elderly have lost track of the fast-developing world. D. To prove the ability of the elderly to learn language is declining. 2.What inspired Kulkarni to set up TechPals? A. His desire to learn from the old. B. His grandmother’s trouble in digital life. C. His dream to found a technology company. D. His grandmother’s worsened living conditions. 3.What can be learned about TechPals? A. It encountered doubt at first. B. It simply offers online service. C. It is popular both at home and abroad. D. It is bridging the generation gap in a way. 4.What can be the best title for the passage? A. Kulkarni: Teaching His Grandmother Tech Skills. B. Technology: Expanding the Gap Facing the Seniors C. TechPals: Bridging the Tech Divide between Generations. D. Young Generations: Seeing the Trouble Faced by the Seniors 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了青少年Aadi Kulkarni创办TechPals项目，帮助老年人学习使用智能手机等数字技术，以弥合代际鸿沟。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Technology has been the great divider in many communities. Innovations have happened so fast that the “old way” of doing things from 20 years ago now feels like a centuries-wide gap.(在许多社区中，科技一直是巨大的隔阂。创新的速度如此之快，以至于20年前的做事“老方式”现在感觉就像隔了数个世纪。)”以及第二段“As a result, daily banking and shopping have become more difficult for senior citizens who grew up relying on a checkbook and a postal address. To those in their 80s, it feels like the planet has been taken over by space aliens who speak a completely different language.(因此，对于那些成长过程中依赖支票簿和邮政地址的老年人来说，日常银行业务和购物变得更加困难。对于那些80多岁的人来说，感觉就像地球被说完全不同语言的外星人占领了一样。)”可知，科技发展迅速，老年人难以适应，感觉像是被说不同语言的外星人占领了地球，这表明老年人跟不上快速发展的世界。所以“a completely different language”指的是老年人跟不上快速发展的世界。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“During the outbreak of epidemic, ten-year-old Aadi Kulkarni watched his grandmother struggle to join family video calls, open attachments and fill out online medical forms. It was more than staying connected in an online world; Kulkarni realized an entire generation struggled with decreasing dignity and confidence. He also wanted his own generation to have the same type of respectful relationship he had with his grandmother.(在疫情爆发期间，10岁的Aadi Kulkarni看着祖母艰难地加入家庭视频通话、打开附件和填写在线医疗表格。这不仅仅是在网络世界中保持联系；库尔卡尼意识到整整一代人在尊严和信心不断下降的情况下挣扎。他也希望自己这一代人能拥有和他与祖母一样的相互尊重的关系。)”以及第四段“‘What if,’ he thought, ‘students like me, who grew up with technology, could help seniors like her feel less left behind?’ So he founded TechPals.(“如果，”他想，“像我这样在科技环境中长大的学生，能帮助像她这样的老年人减少被落下的感觉呢？”于是他创立了TechPals。)”可知，Aadi Kulkarni看到祖母在数字生活中的困难，这激发了他创立TechPals，帮助老年人跟上科技发展的步伐。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“So he founded TechPals. Kulkarni began with a few friends and a handful of seniors at the local library. They started by teaching the basics of smartphones. What he thought would be a few lessons turned into regularly scheduled events. Seniors brought their friends. Kulkarni made more friends. He coded a central website to manage volunteer sign-ups.(于是他创立了TechPals。Kulkarni从当地图书馆的几个朋友和几位老年人开始。他们从教智能手机的基础知识开始。他原以为只是几节课，结果变成了定期举办的活动。老年人带来了他们的朋友。Kulkarni结交了更多的朋友。他编写了一个中央网站来管理志愿者报名。)”以及最后一段“Digital knowledge crosses the divide to help every generation access the amazing world technology has brought us. But technology is best when added to face-to-face relationships, like that created when a seasoned grandmother connects with a young grandson and both are eager to learn from each other.(数字知识跨越了隔阂，帮助每一代人接触科技带给我们的奇妙世界。但是，当科技与面对面交流相结合时效果最好，就像一位经验丰富的祖母与年轻的孙子建立联系，双方都渴望相互学习。)”可知，TechPals通过教授老年人科技知识，促进了代际之间的交流和理解，从而在某种程度上弥合了代沟。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Digital knowledge crosses the divide to help every generation access the amazing world technology has brought us. But technology is best when added to face-to-face relationships, like that created when a seasoned grandmother connects with a young grandson and both are eager to learn from each other.(数字知识跨越了隔阂，帮助每一代人接触科技带给我们的奇妙世界。但是，当科技与面对面交流相结合时效果最好，就像一位经验丰富的祖母与年轻的孙子建立联系，双方都渴望相互学习。)”以及文章大意可知，文章主要讲述了10岁的Aadi Kulkarni创立了TechPals，通过教授老年人科技知识，帮助老年人跟上科技发展的步伐，从而在某种程度上弥合了代沟。因此，C项“TechPals: Bridging the Tech Divide between Generations.(TechPals：弥合代际之间的科技隔阂。)”是文章的最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）At a summer camp in a Southern California suburb, the grandmas were in charge. Every week, they taught a group of 8-to-14-year- olds life skills like how to cook and sew (缝制). “Loneliness is something that seniors are challenged with, and they love having younger people around them,” said Zainab Hussain, a program manager at Olive Community Services, a nonprofit that hosted the camp to bring teens and elderly adults together. In the camp, a small room was filled with energy as the kids chatted and chewed on snacks. Some grandmas were around and watched, content to just be around the youngsters. Haqiqah Abdul Rahim, one of the grandmas serving as the instructor for sewing, said many kids don’t learn these skills at school, so they’re filling in a gap. She stood in front of the room at the start of the activity, holding up various tools and explaining what they were. Rahim also didn’t get to spend a lot of time with her grandchildren because they didn’t live close. “It is heartwarming to be able to interact with those who love being around you,” Rahim said. The summer camp was held in partnership with the Golden Connections Club, started by14-year-old high school student Leena Albinali. She lived with her grandma but realized other students didn't have the same opportunity to spend as much time with their grandparents. She also learned about ageism (年龄歧视) and other challenges faced by senior adults in one of her classes. “They treat us like we’re their grandchildren,” Albinali said.“ We share what we know about artificial intelligence and its impact on our lives, and the elders share their life stories and advice. One of the most important things they’ve shared with me is to live in the moment, something that’s taken on new meaning for me — The people we have right now are not going to be with us forever.” 1.What is the purpose of the summer camp? A. To teach kids life skills. B. To help seniors fight loneliness. C. To connect generations. D. To educate kids to respect seniors. 2.How does Rahim find her job of teaching sewing in the camp? A. It makes up for the lessons at school. B. It offers career options to kids in future. C. It inspires kids’ interest in her profession. D. It reminds her to contact her grandchildren. 3.What inspired Albinali to set up Golden Connections Club? A. Her school’s support. B. Her own experience. C. Seniors’ common voice. D. Ageism her grandma got. 4.What message does Albinali want to convey in the last paragraph? A. The shared challenges facing generations. B. The curiosity of seniors about technology. C. The wisdom of the seniors’ life experience. D. The enriching exchange across generations. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道。美国加州一夏令营由非营利组织与俱乐部合作举办，让老年人教青少年烹饪、缝纫等技能，促进代际互动交流，彼此分享知识与人生智慧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段““Loneliness is something that seniors are challenged with, and they love having younger people around them,” said Zainab Hussain, a program manager at Olive Community Services, a nonprofit that hosted the camp to bring teens and elderly adults together.(“孤独感是老年人需要应对的问题，而他们很乐意有年轻人陪伴在身边。”奥利夫社区服务组织的项目负责人扎伊纳布·胡赛因说道。该组织是一家非营利机构，举办此次夏令营旨在将青少年和老年人聚集在一起。)”可知，夏令营的目的是连接不同代际的人。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Haqiqah Abdul Rahim, one of the grandmas serving as the instructor for sewing, said many kids don’t learn these skills at school, so they’re filling in a gap.(哈基卡・阿卜杜勒・拉希姆是担任缝纫指导老师的奶奶之一，她说很多孩子在学校里学不到这些技能，因此她们正在填补这一空白。)”可知，拉希姆认为她教缝纫的工作弥补了学校课程的不足。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“She lived with her grandma but realized other students didn’t have the same opportunity to spend as much time with their grandparents. She also learned about ageism (年龄歧视) and other challenges faced by senior adults in one of her classes.(她和奶奶住在一起，但意识到其他学生没有同样多的机会陪伴祖父母。她还在一门课上了解到年龄歧视和老年人面临的其他挑战。)”可知，阿尔比纳利的个人经历（与奶奶同住、了解到其他学生和老年人的困境）促使她成立俱乐部。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We share what we know about artificial intelligence and its impact on our lives, and the elders share their life stories and advice.(我们分享我们所知道的人工智能及其对生活的影响，而长辈们分享他们的人生故事和建议。)”可知，阿尔比纳利想传达的是代际之间的丰富交流——年轻人分享科技知识，老年人分享人生智慧。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Previous research shows that children learn more about money from their parents than any other source. Ashley LeBaron, a researcher at the University of Arizona, studied how financial-giving habits extend through generations, and how early life lessons in giving may contribute to personal and financial well-being later on. LeBaron and her team interviewed 115 participants, including college students, parents, and grandparents, about what they learned or taught about money. This provided understanding into how families share financial lessons across generations. Although the researchers didn’t specifically ask the participants to talk about financial giving, nearly 83 percent of them mentioned it as a key part of financial education they gave or received. Teaching kids to give can be a good way to help them learn basic financial skills, like budgeting (规划开支) and saving. For example, some participants recalled using three money jars from a young age — one for saving, one for spending, and one for giving. “If a certain percentage of your money goes toward giving, that’s the start of a budget right there,” LeBaron explains. Interestingly, kids can also influence their parents’ financial behaviors. Some parents reported that they have this awareness that their kids are learning financial attitudes and values from them, so sometimes they were more giving because they knew that their children were watching them, and they wanted to set that good example. They should make giving a point to let their children witness that behavior. Or even better, they should consider involving their children directly in giving activities. “Giving is rarely discussed in finance classes”, LeBaron says. “But our study shows that it may be one of the most important aspects of financial socialization, so we need to pay more attention to how it is taught.” 1.What is the main purpose of LeBaron’s study? A. To prove the importance of life lessons. B. To study personal and financial well-being. C. To compare children’s financial learning sources. D. To explore financial-giving habits and their effects. 2.What did most participants consider as an important part of financial education? A. Financial lessons. B. Early life lessons. C. Basic financial skills. D. Financial giving. 3.Why were some parents more giving according to paragraph 4? A. To improve their financial behaviors. B. To encourage children to do the same. C. To offer children more giving activities. D. To show children how to spend money. 4.What does LeBaron suggest in the last paragraph? A. Financial giving is the most important aspect. B. Financial giving is widely taught in finance classes. C. More attention should be paid to teaching financial giving. D. We need to pay more attention to financial socialization. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了勒巴伦关于代际理财捐赠习惯及其对人的影响的相关研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ashley LeBaron, a researcher at the University of Arizona, studied how financial-giving habits extend through generations, and how early life lessons in giving may contribute to personal and financial well-being later on.(亚利桑那大学研究员阿什利・勒巴伦研究了理财捐赠习惯如何代代相传，以及早年的捐赠经验如何对个人日后的生活与财务健康产生积极作用)”可知，勒巴伦研究的目的是探究理财捐赠习惯及其影响。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Although the researchers didn’t specifically ask the participants to talk about financial giving, nearly 83 percent of them mentioned it as a key part of financial education they gave or received.(尽管研究人员没有专门要求参与者谈论理财捐赠，但近83%的人都将其视为自己所传授或接受的理财教育的核心内容)”可知，大多数参与者认为理财捐赠是理财教育的重要部分。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Some parents reported that they have this awareness that their kids are learning financial attitudes and values from them, so sometimes they were more giving because they knew that their children were watching them, and they wanted to set that good example.(一些家长表示，他们意识到孩子会从自己身上学习理财态度和价值观，所以有时他们会更乐于捐赠，因为他们知道孩子在看着自己，他们想树立一个好榜样)”可知，这些父母更乐于捐赠是为了鼓励孩子效仿这种行为。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But our study shows that it may be one of the most important aspects of financial socialization, so we need to pay more attention to how it is taught.(但我们的研究表明，它可能是理财社会化教育中最重要的内容之一，因此我们需要更加重视如何传授理财捐赠这一理念)”可知，勒巴伦建议要更重视理财捐赠的教学。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东两校联考·期中）Eat more when you are stressed? You’re not alone. More than a third of the participants in a survey said they change their diets during stressful times. Many of us are quick to turn to either sugary foods or highly refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) when the stress hits. “There can be a bit of a vicious cycle,” says David Ludwig, a professor at Harvard University. “When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to surges and crashes in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses”. So, if eating lots of refined carbohydrates and sugar may worsen our responses to stress, are there other types of food that make us more resilient? Researcher Joe Hibbeln believes the answer is yes. He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health. He also points to clinical trials that have found that omega-3 fatty acids may help control depressive symptoms. And a study of schoolchildren in England linked omega-3 fatty acids to more pro-social behavior. Drew Ramsey, a psychiatrist at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress. He points to his favorite breakfast: scrambled eggs (炒鸡蛋) mixed with the greens and topped with pumpkin seeds. With this meal, you are covering all your bases, Ramsey says. The eggs are a good source of B vitamins and protein, which can be more satisfactory than a carbohydrates-based breakfast. The greens are incredibly nutrient-dense, and are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K and potassium. And the pumpkin seeds are a good source of magnesium, which is thought to play a role in fighting off anxiety — and zinc, which may help boost the immune system. The bottom line? The foods we choose can’t magic away stress. But Ramsey says he believes “There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood”. 1.What does David Ludwig say about the foods we seek when stressed? A. They are full of nutrients. B. They help get rid of stress. C. They have long-term benefits. D. They provide instant comfort. 2.What does Joe Hibbeln’s research focus on? A. What depressive behaviors schoolchildren have. B. Why lots of refined foods release people’s anxiety. C. Whether omega-3 fatty acids are linked to emotional health. D. How omega-3 fatty acids worsen people’s responses to stress. 3.Why does Ramsey introduce his favourite breakfast? A. To attach importance to all kinds of vitamins. B. To illustrate his ways of beating hunger. C. To show the emotional support from a diet. D. To give examples of making delicious breakfast. 4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. More Food, More Comfort. B. Better Diet, Better Mood. C. Regular Eating, Reduced Stress. D. Authentic recipe, Excellent Fitness. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物和情绪之间的关系，指出富含营养的食物有助于缓解压力，而某些食物中的营养成分，如omega-3脂肪酸，对情绪健康有积极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中David Ludwig的话“When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to surges and crashes in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses(当我们感到压力时，我们会寻找能立即让我们感到安慰的食物，但通常这些食物会导致激素和血糖的激增和崩溃，从而增加我们的新压力)”可知，David Ludwig认为，我们在压力之下所寻求的食物能给我们提供即时的安慰。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health.(在过去的二十年里，他一直在研究鱼类中的omega-3脂肪酸与情绪健康之间的联系)”可知，Joe Hibbeln的研究重点是鱼类中的omega-3脂肪酸是否与情绪健康之间有联系。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Drew Ramsey, a psychiatrist at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress. He points to his favorite breakfast: scrambled eggs mixed with the greens and topped with pumpkin seeds.(哥伦比亚大学的精神病学家Drew Ramsey说，营养丰富的饮食是缓解压力的最佳方法。他指出了自己最喜欢的早餐：炒鸡蛋配上绿叶蔬菜，再撒上南瓜籽)”以及后文对这份早餐营养成分的分析可知，Ramsey介绍自己最喜欢的早餐是为了说明饮食中的营养成分对情绪有支持作用，即饮食可以提供情感支持。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Eat more when you are stressed? You’re not alone. More than a third of the participants in a survey said they change their diets during stressful times.(压力大的时候吃得更多？你并不孤单。在一项调查中，超过三分之一的参与者表示，他们在压力大的时候会改变饮食习惯)”和最后一段中“But Ramsey says he believes ‘There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood.’(但Ramsey表示，他相信“食物和情绪之间有非常、非常密切的联系。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了食物和情绪之间的关系，指出富含营养的食物有助于缓解压力，改善情绪。故B项“Better Diet, Better Mood.(更好的饮食，更好的情绪)”能概括文章内容，是适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东广州三校（协和、增中、华侨）·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选B 。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东多校联考·期中）Body language is an essential part of communication and can be just as important as our verbal exchanges. Body language can be conscious (有意识的) or unconscious actions, so it is important to make sure your body is sending the same messages as your words to ensure good communication. These nonverbal tips can strengthen the verbal messages you’re sending, or lead to mistrust or confusion—signs of poor communication and misunderstanding. Body language can make interacting with others and expressing yourself much easier, but it can also introduce new challenges. Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves that we don’t want others to know. For example, bad posture or fidgeting (坐立不安) may communicate lack of confidence, something we may not intend for others to know about us. But body language can strengthen our verbal messages and solidify what we are telling others. Facing someone with eye contact or taking notes while someone is speaking can communicate real interest. Without these signs, teachers may not be able to assess a student’s understanding. When you’re speaking sincerely, it’s natural for your body language to respond to your words through gestures or facial expressions. We also use gestures in conversations to tell stories or describe objects, often using hand signals to show how big or small something is. These are largely unconscious, naturally occurring forms of body language. It can be difficult to communicate confidence in your actions when you may not feel it internally (内心上). When you display confident body language, such as good posture or eye contact, even if you’re making a conscious effort, studies have shown that it can lead to feeling more confident. When speaking to others, practice planting your feet confidently to increase self-esteem (自尊心). 1.Why is it important to ensure your body language matches your words? A. It helps avoid misunderstandings. B. It prevents unconscious gestures. C. It allows people to speak more quickly. D. It makes communication more humorous. 2.What might be implied if a student avoids eye contact in class? A. The student is taking notes carefully. B. The student may lack confidence or focus. C. The student is deeply interested in the topic. D. The student is using body language on purpose. 3.The word “solidify” in Paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A. weaken B. confuse C. strengthen D. simplify 4.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain the character of body language. B. To discuss the challenges of body language. C. To offer advice on using body language to improve self-feelings. D. To share different ways to communicate and display confidence. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍肢体语言在交流中的重要作用、影响及相关实用建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Body language can be conscious or unconscious actions, so it is important to make sure your body is sending the same messages as your words to ensure good communication. These nonverbal tips can strengthen the verbal messages you’re sending, or lead to mistrust or confusion—signs of poor communication and misunderstanding.(肢体语言可以是有意识或无意识的行为，因此，确保你的肢体语言和话语传递的信息一致，对于实现良好沟通至关重要。这些非语言信号既能强化你所传递的语言信息，也可能引发猜疑或困惑 —— 这些都是沟通不畅和误解的表现)”可知，让肢体语言和话语匹配能避免误解。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For example, bad posture or fidgeting may communicate lack of confidence (例如，不良的坐姿或坐立不安可能会传递出缺乏自信的信号)”以及 “Facing someone with eye contact or taking notes while someone is speaking can communicate real interest.(与人交流时正视对方，或是在他人讲话时做笔记，都能传递出你真正感兴趣的信号)”可知，眼神交流代表感兴趣、自信，反之，课堂上回避眼神交流可能暗示学生缺乏自信或注意力不集中。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But body language can strengthen our verbal messages and solidify what we are telling others.(但肢体语言能够强化我们的语言信息，并solidify我们向他人传递的内容)”可知，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，前后语义相近，strengthen意为“强化”，由此推测solidify的意思与之相近。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When you display confident body language, such as good posture or eye contact, even if you’re making a conscious effort, studies have shown that it can lead to feeling more confident. When speaking to others, practice planting your feet confidently to increase self-esteem.(研究表明，当你展现出自信的肢体语言时，比如端正的坐姿或眼神交流，即便你是刻意为之，也能让自己变得更加自信。与人交谈时，试着稳稳地站立，以此提升自尊心)”可知，最后一段的主要目的是提供运用肢体语言改善自我感受的建议。故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）Tens of thousands of people bleed to death each year before they can get to a hospital. That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives. Some of this research is being conducted at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. Allan Doctor’s team makes artificial blood from hemoglobin (血红蛋白). The researchers obtain hemoglobin from outdated blood and enclose it in a bubble (泡) of fat, essentially creating artificial red blood cells (细胞) for use. This protective bubble is the innovation that Allan thinks will solve the safety problems caused by other attempts at making artificial blood. Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but protected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says. The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported. looks safe and effective. While the results so far seem positive, Allan says he still needs to prove that his artificial blood would be safe and effective for people. “I think it’s a reasonable approach,” says Tim Estep, a scientist who consults with companies developing artificial blood.“But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials,” he adds.“While I'm overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.” 1.Why do scientists develop artificial blood? A. To save the space of ambulances. B. To replace the outdated blood. C. To save those who bleed heavily. D. To deal with blood storage issue. 2.What is the function of bubble of fat to hemoglobin? A. To speed up its reproduction. B. To remove its harm to organs. C. To keep it from forming cells. D. To make its freeze-drying easy. 3.What highlights the powdered artificial blood? A. It won’t go bad easily. B. It functions without water. C. It produces rapid effects. D. It cuts down patients’ costs. 4.What is Tim Estep’s attitude towards Allan’s artificial blood? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Careful. D. Curious. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。科学家为拯救失血过多者，研发出以血红蛋白为原料、经脂肪泡保护的粉末状人造血，易储存运输，目前前景乐观但需临床试验验证。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Tens of thousands of people bleed to death each year before they can get to a hospital. That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives.(每年有数万人在抵达医院前因失血过多而死亡。这是因为救护车通常无法携带血液 —— 血液若缺乏充足冷藏便会失效。因此，科学家们一直在致力于研发人造血，这种人造血可制成粉末状储存，需用时现场加水混合即可挽救生命。)”可知，科学家研发人造血液的目的是拯救那些严重失血的人。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but protected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says.(其他研究也使用了血红蛋白，但未受保护的血红蛋白可能对器官有毒。艾伦说：“我们必须将血红蛋白隐藏在一个细胞内。这种人造细胞能使其安全且有效。”)”可知，脂肪泡（人造细胞的载体）的作用是消除血红蛋白对器官的危害。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported. (科学家们随后将人造红细胞冷冻干燥成粉末状，这种粉末在紧急情况发生前都能保持有效。其设计初衷是，在需要使用的那一刻，医护人员可将其与水混合，一分钟内就能得到可用的血液。它的保质期长达数年，且运输起来十分便捷。)” 可知，粉末状人造血液的突出特点是不易变质。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I think it’s a reasonable approach,” says Tim Estep, a scientist who consults with companies developing artificial blood.“But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials,” he adds.“While I'm overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.”(“我认为这是一种合理的方法，” 为研发人造血的公司提供咨询的科学家蒂姆・埃斯特普表示。“但由于该领域的挑战性极大，最终的验证还需依靠临床试验，” 他补充道。“虽然我总体持乐观态度，但目前就押注于某一项技术仍存在较大难度。”)”可知，蒂姆既认可该方法的合理性，又强调需临床试验验证，态度谨慎。故选C项。 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高二上·广东领航高中联盟·12月·期中）Large ice balls fall from the sky, bounce off hard surfaces-and sometimes even break windshields and hurt crops. Maybe you’ve seen these pieces of ice laying on the ground after a storm. Their attacks start and stop suddenly, seemingly without warning. This is a hailstorm (雹暴). And it can be a truly impressive sight. Particularly large or dense hailstones can damage human-made structures and objects, such as buildings and cars. Zach Lebo knows this firsthand. A scientist studying weather, he works at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. His parents in Pennsylvania had to replace their home’s roof twice in the last 10 years due to hail damage. Researchers are hoping to better understand hail. One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. Some hailstones have measured more than 13 centimeters across. That’s larger than a softball! Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (环形的) path through the atmosphere. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. Now they can estimate the paths each ice ball took through the sky by analyzing the chemistry of some hailstones collected by citizen scientists and then matching that chemistry with the properties of the atmosphere at different heights. Studying the shapes of hailstones also can help explain how each hailstone forms. Hailstones are seldom perfect ice balls, which come in all sorts of weird shapes, says Becky Adams-Selin, an American hail scientist. Some hailstones present leaf-like pieces of ice, she notes, and others can have sticking-out parts. She also developed a device to store hailstones as her team drives around. “It’s like a giant funnel (漏斗) that collects hail and funnels it into a battery-powered freezer,” she explains. Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere. It can be hard to directly observe where hail forms, Becky Adams-Selin explains. “We’re blind to what’s happening inside the clouds.” But hailstones deliver clues about what’s going on high in the sky right into scientists’ hands. 1.What does the example of Zach Lebo’s families show? A. Hailstones can really cause great damage. B. Pennsylvania often gets struck by hailstones. C. People have no good methods of knowing hail. D. Scientists can’t always predict hailstones accurately. 2.What contributions have Chinese scientists made? A. They have invented a battery-powered freezer. B. They can change the shape of hailstones at will. C. They have discovered how hailstones form in the air. D. They can figure out how hailstones travel in the atmosphere. 3.What does the underlined word “weird” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Round. B. Typical. C. Strange. D. Regular. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards hail? A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Negative. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍冰雹的形成与影响。同时文章描述了冰雹可能造成破坏，并说明科学家研究其形成和运动路径。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Particularly large or dense hailstones can damage human-made structures and objects, such as buildings and cars. Zach Lebo knows this firsthand. His parents in Pennsylvania had to replace their home’s roof twice in the last 10 years due to hail damage. (特别大或密集的冰雹可以破坏人造建筑和物体，如建筑物和汽车。Zach Lebo对此有亲身体会。他的父母住在宾夕法尼亚州，在过去10年里因冰雹损坏被迫两次更换房顶。)”可知，这个例子是为了说明冰雹确实能造成很大的破坏。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. Now they can estimate the paths each ice ball took through the sky by analyzing the chemistry of some hailstones collected by citizen scientists and then matching that chemistry with the properties of the atmosphere at different heights. (但中国科学家现在表明，这种循环运动实际上很少见。现在，他们可以通过分析公民科学家收集的一些冰雹的化学成分，并将这些化学成分与不同高度的大气特性相匹配，来估计每个冰球在天空中经过的路径。)”以及第三段中提到的“One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. (一个大问题是冰雹如何在大气中移动并增大体积。)”可知，中国科学家通过分析冰雹的化学成分和大气特性，能够估计出冰雹在大气中的移动路径，这有助于解释冰雹是如何在空中形成的。选项C“They have discovered how hailstones form in the air.(他们发现了冰雹在空中是如何形成的)”符合题意。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Hailstones are seldom perfect ice balls, which come in all sorts of weird shapes, says Becky Adams-Selin, an American hail scientist. Some hailstones present leaf-like pieces of ice, she notes, and others can have sticking-out parts.(美国冰雹科学家Becky Adams-Selin说，冰雹很少是完美的冰球，它们有各种各样的……形状。她指出，有些冰雹呈现出叶状的冰块，而另一些则可能有突出的部分。)可知，冰雹的形状多种多样，且很多形状并不常见或规则，因此“weird”在这里的意思是“奇怪的”。C选项“Strange.(奇怪的)”与划线词意思一致。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Large ice balls fall from the sky, bounce off hard surfaces-and sometimes even break windshields and hurt crops. Maybe you’ve seen these pieces of ice laying on the ground after a storm. Their attacks start and stop suddenly, seemingly without warning. This is a hailstorm (雹暴). And it can be a truly impressive sight. (巨大的冰球从天空坠落，撞击坚硬的物体——有时甚至会击碎挡风玻璃并损害农作物。也许你曾在暴风雨过后看到地面上散落着这些冰块。它们的攻击突然开始又突然停止，似乎毫无预兆。这就是雹暴。而且这景象确实令人印象深刻。)”可知，作者首先介绍了冰雹的定义和危害；同时根据第四段中“Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (环形的) path through the atmosphere. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. Now they can estimate the paths each ice ball took through the sky by analyzing the chemistry of some hailstones collected by citizen scientists and then matching that chemistry with the properties of the atmosphere at different heights.(科学家们过去认为，冰雹是通过在大气中形成环形路径而形成的。但中国的科学家们现在发现，这种环形运动实际上极为罕见。现在，他们可以通过分析公民科学家收集的某些冰雹的化学成分，并将其与不同高度大气的特性相匹配，来估算每个冰球在天空中的移动路径。)”可知，作者引用了科学家对冰雹的研究和发现，包括冰雹的移动路径、形成方式和形状等。在描述这些内容时，作者并没有表现出明显的情感倾向，而是客观地陈述了事实和科学家的观点。因此，可以推断出作者对冰雹的态度是客观的。B选项“Objective.(客观的)”符合题意。故选B。 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Researchers from Northwestern University and the Chicago Botanic Garden will study the carbon capture (碳捕获) effects of soil additives on agricultural fields. For the world to meet the global average temperature goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Agreement, we need to actively decrease carbon emissions (排放). Earth and planetary sciences professor Andy Jacobson suggests Earth science can help it and that one possible way is to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and lock it away for a few thousand years. The chemical weathering of rocks is a natural phenomenon that transforms atmospheric CO2 into a stable mineral form. When CO2 dissolves in water, it creates a substance that can break down rocks. This transformation releases elements from certain rocks and changes CO2 into a stable form. Over time, these elements combine to form minerals that are the building blocks of many natural structures and rocks. This transformation helps to lock carbon in a solid form, which plays an important part in stabilizing Earth’s climate over the long term. “Over much shorter human timescales, this stable form of CO2 acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2,” says Jacobson. Can we speed up the weathering process and actively remove carbon from the atmosphere at rates fast enough to help reduce the impact of modern climate change? Enhanced rock weathering was proposed as a strategy of decreasing carbon emissions decades ago but only recently gained interest. An article in a 2020 magazine estimated that enhanced weathering could remove up to 2 billion tons of CO2 annually from the atmosphere by 2050. Jacobson is leading a team of researchers to investigate this negative emissions technology. In a series of experimental systems that simulate natural conditions at the garden, researchers will test the effects from adding different types of rock to soils used to grow various crops. The soil additives will include a volcanic rock that chemically weathers faster than other rocks and minerals, potentially speeding up CO2 capture and storage. 1.What does Jacobson stress about Earth science in paragraph 2? A. Its scientific origin as a principle. B. Its present limitations in carbon capture. C. Its potential role in achieving climate goals. D. Its logical accuracy in temperature prediction. 2.What is mainly discussed in paragraph 3 concerning rocks? A. Their natural structures. B. The reasons for their formation. C. The process of their weathering. D. Their stable chemical composition. 3.What is the main function of the question in paragraph 4? A. To introduce the following solution. B. To doubt the content of a magazine. C. To summarize the previous paragraph. D. To show the fast rate of climate change. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Is Farming the Key to Carbon Capture? B. Can Humans Stabilize the Climate of Earth? C. What Is the Chemical Weathering of rocks? D. How Do Carbon Emissions Speed up Global Warming? 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西北大学和芝加哥植物园的研究人员通过研究土壤添加剂（尤其是增强岩石风化）对农田碳捕获的影响，探索利用地球科学手段实现气候目标的可能性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“For the world to meet the global average temperature goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Agreement, we need to actively decrease carbon emissions (排放). Earth and planetary sciences professor Andy Jacobson suggests Earth science can help it and that one possible way is to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and lock it away for a few thousand years.(要实现2015 年《巴黎协定》设定的全球平均气温目标，全球需积极减少碳排放。地球与行星科学教授安迪・雅各布森提出，地球科学可为此提供助力，其中一种可行方案是捕获大气中的二氧化碳，并将其封存数千年。)”可知，Jacobson强调地球科学在实现气候目标中具有潜在作用。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The chemical weathering of rocks is a natural phenomenon that transforms atmospheric CO2 into a stable mineral form. When CO2 dissolves in water, it creates a substance that can break down rocks. This transformation releases elements from certain rocks and changes CO2 into a stable form. Over time, these elements combine to form minerals that are the building blocks of many natural structures and rocks. This transformation helps to lock carbon in a solid form, which plays an important part in stabilizing Earth’s climate over the long term.(岩石的化学风化是一种自然现象，能将大气中的二氧化碳转化为稳定的矿物形态。二氧化碳溶于水后会形成一种可分解岩石的物质，这一转化过程会从特定岩石中释放出元素，并将二氧化碳转化为稳定形态。久而久之，这些元素会结合形成矿物，而这些矿物是许多自然构造和岩石的基本组成部分。这种转化有助于将碳锁定在固态形式中，对长期稳定地球气候起着重要作用。)”可知，该段主要围绕岩石的化学风化过程展开，介绍了其如何将大气中的二氧化碳转化为稳定的矿物形式。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Can we speed up the weathering process and actively remove carbon from the atmosphere at rates fast enough to help reduce the impact of modern climate change?(我们能否加速风化过程，并以足够快的速度主动从大气中清除碳，从而帮助减轻现代气候变化的影响？)”以及第五段开头“Enhanced rock weathering was proposed as a strategy of decreasing carbon emissions decades ago but only recently gained interest.(几十年前，增强岩石风化就被提出作为减少碳排放的策略，但直到最近才引起人们的关注。)”可知，第四段的问题提出了“能否加速岩石风化以快速固碳”的疑问，而第五段随即介绍了“增强岩石风化”这一策略，由此可判断该问题的主要作用是引出后续的解决方案。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers from Northwestern University and the Chicago Botanic Garden will study the carbon capture (碳捕获) effects of soil additives on agricultural fields.(来自西北大学和芝加哥植物园的研究人员将研究土壤添加剂在农田中的碳捕获效果。)”可知，文章开篇点明研究主题，探究土壤添加剂（岩石）对农田的碳捕获效果，结合全文内容可知，随后围绕岩石风化固碳原理、增强岩石风化技术及研究计划展开。A选项“农业是碳捕获的关键吗？”既体现了研究的应用场景（农田/农业），又点出核心主题（碳捕获），符合文章主旨。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳联考·期中）Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (残酷的讽刺). Deep within Glacier National Park, visitors now can see an amazing sight: a peaceful lake of pale blue water lying among towering peaks. Beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is not desired by people. Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. The park has already lost 60 percent of its namesake (同名物) glaciers since the 1850s, and scientists predict their complete disappearance by the end of the century. Families from all over the US and abroad flood to these natural wonders to create memories that will last. Protecting the national park is one of the rare issues that bring political opponents together in the US. With tens of millions of visitors to these sites every year, it is also a matter of economic necessity. The US government recently announced considerable funds to help. This has issued a challenge to the identity of National Park Service, a US agency brought into existence by a 1916 law that called for the preservation of those treasured pristine (处于原始状态的) sites for the enjoyment of future generations. “But it’s now pretty clear that it’s not achievable in many places,” admits John Gross, an ecologist with the National Park Serviceˈs Climate Change Response Program. “It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named.” The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organizationˈs philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. 1.What does the underlined word “emblem” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Symbol. B. Location. C. Recovery. D. Construction. 2.Why is the new lake in the park mentioned? A. To stress the economic value of the park. B. To serve as evidence of the warming climate. C. To explain the process of glacier formation. D. To describe a new popular tourist attraction. 3.What can be learned about the National Park Service? A. It mainly allows for economic benefits. B. It shows confidence in restoring the park. C. It is forced to adjust its protection principle. D. It is taking measures to limit visitor numbers. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. A New Idea for Park Protection B. A Park Is Economically on Thin Ice C. A Political Agreement on Renaming a Park D. A Park Might Be at Risk of Redefining Itself 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了冰川国家公园因气候变暖面临冰川消融危机，其标志性特征可能消失，迫使美国国家公园管理局调整保护理念。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony. (自冰川国家公园建立以来，它以其壮丽的景观成为美国人民精神上的瑰宝。但如今，气候变暖正威胁着这座公园的emblem，使它面临一个未来：它的名字可能成为一种残酷的讽刺。)”可知，冰川是公园的标志，emblem含义为“象征、标志”，和Symbol词义相符。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. (仅仅几十年前，这片土地完全被冰冻。现在冰川本身缩小到只占很小的面积，躲在自己融化形成的湖泊边缘躲避阳光。)”可知，新湖泊的出现是冰川融化的结果，被用来作为气候变暖的证据。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organization's philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. (气候危机因此带来了该组织理念的转变：改变公园的自然状态以阻止其进一步恶化是可以接受的。)”可知，国家公园管理局被迫调整其保护原则。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (但如今，气候变暖正威胁着这座公园的象征，使它面临一个未来：它的名字可能成为一种残酷的讽刺。)”、第五段中“It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named. (公园很可能会失去其命名所依据的标志性特征。)”以及最后一段The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organization's philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park's natural state to stop its further worsening. (气候危机因此带来了该组织理念的转变：改变公园的自然状态以阻止其进一步恶化是可以接受的。)”可知，全文围绕冰川国家公园可能因冰川消失而失去其标志性特征，从而面临重新定义自身的风险展开，所以D选项“公园可能面临重新定义自身的风险”符合文章大意，适合作标题。 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·广东佛山顺德区北滘中学·期中）Researchers have some new evidence about what makes birds make so much noise early in the morning, and it’s not for some of the reasons they previously thought. For decades, a popular theory about why birds sing at dawn — called the dawn chorus (合唱) — has been that they can be heard farther and more clearly at that time. Sound travels faster in humid (温暖潮湿的) air and it’s more humid early in the morning. It’s less windy, too, which is thought to lessen any distortion (失真) of their sounds. But scientists in India studied audio (声音的) recordings of birds in the rainforest. They said they didn’t find proof to support this idea about sound traveling better. It was one of the ideas about environmental factors. Another idea is that birds sing at dawn because it’s too dark to look for food. “We didn’t find much support for some of these environmental reasons suggested in past studies for birds singing more at dawn,” said Vijay Ramesh, a researcher at Cornell University. The researchers didn’t find one clear reason why the dawn chorus happens, but they found some support for the ideas that the early morning noise is about birds marking their territory after being inactive at night and talking about finding food. The team analyzed recordings from audio recorders placed at 43 locations in the Western Ghats mountain range in southern India, which is known as a biodiversity hotspot. They examined sounds of what they determined were 69 different species of birds. They studied recordings from the hours around dawn and the hours around dusk to compare activities. Unsurprisingly to anyone who’s been roused by bird calls, the vast majority of species they studied had significantly higher vocal activities at dawn compared to dusk. 1.What can be inferred from the findings of the study? A. Birds’ dawn singing may serve social functions. B. The old theory about dawn chorus is true. C. Birds are less active at dusk due to light. D. All birds sing to mark territory at dawn. 2.What was the researchers’ approach in the study? A. They observed birds’ feeding habits in the morning. B. They conducted experiments in a laboratory setting. C. They tracked birds’ movements in different countries. D. They analyzed audio recordings from tens of locations. 3.What does the underlined word “roused” in the last paragraph mean? A. Reminded. B. Woken up. C. Threatened. D. Stirred up. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于鸟类清晨鸣叫原因的新研究。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers didn’t find one clear reason why the dawn chorus happens, but they found some support for the ideas that the early morning noise is about birds marking their territory after being inactive at night and talking about finding food.(研究人员没有找到一个明确的原因来解释为什么会出现黎明合唱，但他们发现了一些支持的观点，即清晨的噪音是鸟类在夜间不活跃后标记领地和谈论寻找食物。)”可知，鸟类在黎明时的鸣叫可能具有社会功能，例如标记领地和谈论寻找食物。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The team analyzed recordings from audio recorders placed at 43 locations in the Western Ghats mountain range in southern India, which is known as a biodiversity hotspot.(研究小组分析了放置在印度南部西高止山脉43个地点的录音机录制的录音，该地区被称为生物多样性热点地区。)”可知，研究人员在研究中的方法是分析了来自数十个地点的音频记录。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文“the vast majority of species they studied had significantly higher vocal activities at dawn compared to dusk.(他们研究的绝大多数鸟类物种，在黎明时分的鸣叫活跃度要显著高于黄昏。)”可知，对于任何曾被鸟鸣唤醒过的人来说，这一点不足为奇。由此可知，roused意为“唤醒”。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广东四校·期中）If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China —guochao, or “China-chic”. The term characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands. China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10 billion yuan mark since its founding. The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager. “Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely, first and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition,” according to Kerr a Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By describing certain scenes. B. By quoting a famous saying. C. By providing some statistics. D. By giving some examples. 2.What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao. B. Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world. C. Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture. D. It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention. 3.Why did Li-Ning get so much attention during the 2018 New York Fashion Week? A. It took the lead in the similar brands. B. It adopted Western design in its sportswear. C. Its revenue hit the 10-billion-yuan mark that year. D. Its products followed the trend and reflected Chinese elements. 4.What may Kerra Zhou agree with? A. Chinese is still following the Western trend. B. Guochao’s success relies on Western recognition. C. National pride arouses the passion for guochao. D. Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国国潮时尚趋势的兴起与发展。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段“If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China-chic”. (如果你环顾你的城市，你可能会在地铁里看到穿着汉服的女孩，或者在街上看到穿着汉字T恤的人。一种新的趋势正在中国生根发芽——“国潮”)”可知，作者通过描述“地铁里穿汉服的女孩”和“街上穿汉字 T 恤的人”这两个具体场景，引出了“国潮”这一主题。因此，作者是通过描述特定场景来引入主题的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10 billion yuan mark since its founding. (但那一年，中国运动品牌李宁改变了局面。在2018年纽约时装周期间，李宁推出了以道教为灵感的悟道系列。该系列不仅外观时尚，还融入了中国传统文化元素。它立即引起了国内外的关注。因此，该公司在2018年实现了20%的利润增长，这标志着该品牌自成立以来的收入首次突破100亿元大关)”可知，李宁品牌刺激了国潮的发展。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. (在2018年纽约时装周期间，李宁推出了以道教为灵感的悟道系列。该系列不仅外观时尚，还融入了中国传统文化元素。它立即引起了国内外的关注)”可知，李宁受到了广泛关注是因为其产品跟随潮流并反映了中国元素。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely. First and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. (品牌战略咨询公司Kerrisma的创始人Kerra Zhou表示：“现在，国潮趋势正在进入下一个阶段，其成功将取决于。首先，也是最重要的，是获得文化自信，而不是西方认可。”。周补充道：“无论国潮趋势如何发展，有一件事是不会改变的：这股热潮的背后是人们对国家发展的积极态度，以及对民族文化日益增强的信心的认可。”)”可知，Kerra Zhou可能会同意民族自豪感激发了人们对国潮的热情。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·广东四校·期中）When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context. Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings. For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory. These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in our minds without an easily identifiable trigger. Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking at the time had no connection to your school. I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random. 1.Which of the following might be episodic memory? A. You predict a heavy rain is on the way. B. A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly. C. A song reminds you of your middle school graduation. D. You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”. 2.What is a feature of mind-pops? A. They have obvious triggers. B. They come out without warning. C. They appear in the form of images. D. They often bring long- lasting memories. 3.What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Careful. B. Dull. C. Necessary. D. Challenging. 4.What is the aim of this passage? A. To explore human inner thoughts. B. To point out the memory formation. C. To distinguish different memory scenes. D. To explain some similar memory phenomena. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了认知心理学的几种现象，如情景记忆、语义记忆还有闪念及其与顿悟之间的差异等。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. (例如，你在餐馆吃一道菜，它的味道让你想起了你妈妈以前做过的类似的菜。这就是情景记忆.)”可知，情景记忆就是类似的物质环境和精神状态引起我们曾经的记忆，所以C项“一首歌让你想起中学毕业”属于情景记忆的范畴。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). (这些记忆在我们的环境中有明显的触发点，但有时，在我们脑海中闪现的记忆没有可识别的触发点。它们似乎不知从哪里在我们脑海中闪过；因此，它们被称为闪念。)”可知，闪念是在脑海中闪现的记忆，没有可识别的触发点，突然在我们脑海中闪过。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词后面的例子“like mopping the floor or brushing teeth (从事拖地或刷牙)”以及“Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind (这些平凡无奇的日常往往会激发我们的思想)”可知，刷牙、拖地是单调的日常工作，由此推断B选项词义与画线词词义接近。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life. (当人们说突然想起旧记忆时，他们指的通常是情景记忆。顾名思义，这种类型的记忆存储了我们生活中的场景。)”以及第二段“Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. (另一种可以被突然记住的记忆是语义记忆。我们的语义记忆是我们知识的仓库，包含了我们所知道的所有事实。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了什么是情景记忆、语义记忆、闪念及其与顿悟的区别等，由此推断文章的目的是解释一些相似的记忆现象。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东粤东四校·期中）Some teachers use a slight dip of the head. Some like to fold their arms and lean back, pushing their chest out. And for others, they may shrug impatiently, as if their body were a balloon and someone just popped it. In truth, though, there are hundreds — if not thousands — of ways a teacher may position their body to manage behaviour. An important question may be: did you have it right in the first place? Research shows that a teacher’s posture can be important in successful classroom behaviour management and that, when trying to convey a message, how you put your point across can carry much more significance than the point itself. In a 2018 study, Teachers’ Strategy of Positioning in Teaching Young Learners by Novi Rahayu Resuningrum, of YARSI University in Indonesia, it was said that if you use a strong posture and confident body language, you show your students that you’re approachable, that you support their learning and that you aren’t posing a threat for them to act out against. What’s more, the study showed that this positioning is an element that needs to be considered carefully before teaching, or when you plan the lesson, to be able to teach effectively in terms of time and method. But what is a “confident” body position? And what else do you need to know about the signals that your body is giving out around behaviour management? For a start, trying to look tough will almost certainly fail, says Esther Miltiadous, a body language expert who works with the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique. The organisation is set up by teachers to train colleagues to act properly. “Trying to look authoritative by having a military posture, with your chest out and shoulders back, can be really tiring on the body, and it’s also quite aggressive (咄咄逼人的),” she explains. 1.Why does the author list some examples in the first paragraph? A. To bring up the topic of teachers’ body language. B. To show which reader group the text is targeted at. C. To discuss in which way teachers should manage the class. D. To suggest what body language teachers should have in class. 2.What did the 2018 study find out about teachers’ body language? A. A teacher’s body language is necessary for teaching. B. Reading a teacher’s body language is difficult for students. C. A teacher’s strong body language makes students lose interest. D. Using too much body language is unhelpful in managing a class. 3.What is Esther Miltiadous’s attitude to looking tough? A. Disapproving. B. Uncaring. C. Thankful. D. Friendly. 4.What will most probably be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Other advice for teachers on improving students’ performances. B. Other ways for teachers to manage their bodies in class. C. Other influences of teachers’ behaviour on students. D. Other studies on body language. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章指出教师肢体语言对课堂行为管理至关重要，2018年研究强调课前需规划自信姿态，专家则认为刻意表现强硬不可取。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段列举教师不同身体姿态的例子，以及第二段“Research shows that a teacher’s posture can be important in successful classroom behaviour management and that, when trying to convey a message, how you put your point across can carry much more significance than the point itself.(研究表明，教师的姿态对课堂行为管理的成效至关重要；而且在传递信息时，表达方式的重要性远超过信息本身)”可推知，列举例子是为了引出教师肢体语言这一主题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“What’s more, the study showed that this positioning is an element that needs to be considered carefully before teaching, or when you plan the lesson, to be able to teach effectively in terms of time and method.(此外，该研究表明，为了在时间安排和教学方法上实现高效教学，这种姿态定位需要在授课前或备课阶段认真考量)”可知，2018年的研究发现教师的肢体语言对教学是必要的。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For a start, trying to look tough will almost certainly fail, says Esther Miltiadous, a body language expert who works with the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique. (肢体语言专家埃丝特・米尔蒂亚杜斯表示，首先，刻意表现得强硬几乎肯定会失败。她任职于亚历山大技巧教师协会)”以及“Trying to look authoritative by having a military posture, with your chest out and shoulders back, can be really tiring on the body, and it’s also quite aggressive (咄咄逼人的),(刻意摆出挺胸收腹、双肩后张的军事化姿态来彰显权威，不仅会让身体倍感疲惫，还显得极具攻击性)”可推知，埃丝特・米尔蒂亚杜斯对“表现强硬”持反对态度。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕教师肢体语言对课堂管理的重要性、2018年的相关研究，以及“表现强硬不可取”展开，且第四段提出疑问“But what is a “confident” body position? And what else do you need to know about the signals that your body is giving out around behaviour management?(但何为“自信”的肢体姿态？在课堂行为管理中，关于身体所传递的信号，你还需要了解哪些内容？)”可推知，下文最可能讨论教师在课堂上管理自身肢体的其他方法。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广东粤东四校·期中）America’s State Department places the languages it teaches ambassadors (外交官) into four categories, with estimates of how long they take to learn them ranging from 24 to 88 weeks. What underlies the difficulty of such languages for an English speaker? The first thing many will think of is the different writing system. Indeed none of the State Department’s hardest languages is written with the Latin alphabet (字母表) used by most European languages. Chinese stands out for its difficulty. Arabic is alphabet, with just a couple of dozen letters. Its two complications are that letters change shape depending on where they appear in a word (beginning, middle, end or alone) and that short vowels (元音) are not written. A second way languages can be hard is with sound distinctions that do not exist in the learner’s language. In Hindi, the t-and d-sounds can be retroflex (卷舌音的) or not, making two different letters that can distinguish two different words (moti with a retroflex means “fat, thick” and with a non-retroflex t means “pearl”). The words obviously matter too. Most European languages share an ancestor and so their words, too, often come in related pairs. If you know water in Spanish is agua, it is easy to figure out Italian aqua and English aquatic. Languages unrelated to European ones will lack linguistic (语言的) similarity in vocabulary. Grammar can further complicate foreign language learning. Therefore, the overall hardness of a language can be seen as the sum of the difficulty of its writing system, sounds, words and grammar. These come in different percentages: one professor of Chinese has called it the most difficult language he has ever learned to write and the easiest he has learned to speak. If you want to learn a language just for fun, start with Swedish. If you want to learn an impressive number, stay in Europe. But if you really want to impress, boosting your brain power to master Chinese is the sign of the true linguistic Ironman. 1.What makes writing Arabic difficult for English speakers? A. The variations of its vowels. B. The flexibility of its letters. C. The width of its vocabulary. D. The similarities it bears to Latin. 2.What can we learn about retroflex sounds? A. They are very common in Arabic. B. They differentiate meaning in Hindi. C. They make Hindi vocabulary easy to learn. D. They are unfound in many European languages. 3.Why is the professor mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To recognize his achievements in studying grammar. B. To offer a standard to decide on language complexity. C. To show that language difficulty is multi-dimensional. D. To highlight the high-level difficulty of Chinese. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Which languages take English users the longest to learn? B. How can Americans learn a foreign language more effectively? C. Which foreign languages are popular with English speakers? D. Why is learning a second language important for ambassadors? 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要分析了英语母语者学习不同外语的难度因素，包括书写系统、发音差异、词汇相似性和语法复杂性，并以具体语言（如汉语、阿拉伯语、印地语）为例说明这些难点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Arabic is alphabet, with just a couple of dozen letters. Its two complications are that letters change shape depending on where they appear in a word (beginning, middle, end or alone) and that short vowels are not written. (阿拉伯语是字母表，只有几十个字母。它的两个复杂之处是，字母的形状会根据它们在单词中的出现位置（开始、中间、结束或单独出现）而变化，并且短元音不会被书写。)”可知，让说英语的人很难写阿拉伯语的原因在于其字母的灵活多变。故选B。 (2)题解析： $