内容正文:
译林版· 八年级上册 Unit 7 词汇趣味讲义
The natural world · 55 个词条轻松拿下
(本讲义依据译林版(牛津英语)八年级上册 Unit 7 词汇表编写,收录全部 55 个词条;原词表中带 * 的单词(sculpture、coral、reef、ecosystem、rainfall、wetland、non-living、pond、prevent、sponge、kidney、carbon dioxide、trap、lung、topic、sandy、damage、rare、red-crowned crane、daytime、mud、wastewater)在“趣味记忆法”栏以[*]标注;原词表第 22 条 *rap 系 OCR 漏字,按课本通行形更正为 trap;carbon dioxide、red-crowned crane 为带音标短语;north-east 兼具名/形/副;音标、词性与释义以课本为准。)
使用说明 · 30 分钟学习路线
★ 目标:学完本讲义,你能认读、拼写 Unit 7 的 55 个词条,会用 get rid of、quite a few、lead to、set up 等表达,并用英语介绍湿地生态系统与环境保护。
★ 路线:① 读一读热身故事,猜猜加粗单词的意思 → ② 对照“单词大本营”逐个记 → ③ 跟着“读音密码”读准 → ④ 背下“搭配加油站” → ⑤ 完成“趣味闯关”并对照答案。
Part 1 · 热身故事:《Save the wetland》
Save the wetland
Our science project is a sculpture of nature: coral, a reef, a penguin, and a whole ecosystem. Rainfall shapes the climate; the wetland includes living and non-living things. A pond around the corner can hold a lot of water. The birds return every spring; we must get rid of waste and prevent harm. Plants store water like a sponge and act like a kidney; they take in carbon dioxide and trap it, and therefore the forest is the lung of the Earth. Sadly, a ton of waste may harm wildlife. Today's topic is clear: quite a few sandy and noisy places hurt the system. Pollution can cause serious damage.
In the north-east, a cover of trees protects rare birds: the red-crowned crane. In the daytime, clean water can lead to life, while dirty water can lead to death in the mud. We create a team, set up a green project, and keep a balanced world. The knowledge is simple: wastewater must be treated in environment-friendly ways. Say “Excuse me, sir” and “madam”, ask for help, never kill wildlife, and together we solve environmental problems.
(故事里的加粗词条共 55 个,正好是本单元的全部词汇——湿地是“地球之肾”,森林是“地球之肺”。)
Part 2 · 单词大本营(55 个词条全收录)
★ 记单词有方法:拆词、谐音、联想、对比、成对记,找到适合你的那一招!
序号
单词
音标
词性
释义
趣味记忆法
1
sculpture
/ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/
n.
雕像,雕塑品
[*]sculpture 雕像,雕塑品;make a sculpture 做雕塑;sculptor 雕塑家。
2
coral
/ˈkɒrəl/
n.
珊瑚
[*]coral 珊瑚(不可数);coral reef 珊瑚礁;a coral island 珊瑚岛。
3
reef
/riːf/
n.
礁
[*]reef 礁;coral reef 珊瑚礁;on the reef 在礁石上。
4
penguin
/ˈpeŋɡwɪn/
n.
企鹅
penguin 企鹅;penguins can't fly but swim well 企鹅不会飞但游泳好。
5
ecosystem
/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/
n.
生态系统
[*]eco-(生态)+ system 系统 = ecosystem 生态系统;a wetland ecosystem 湿地生态系统。
6
rainfall
/ˈreɪnfɔːl/
n.
雨量,下雨
[*]rain 雨 + fall 落下 = rainfall 雨量,下雨;heavy rainfall 强降雨。
7
climate
/ˈklaɪmət/
n.
气候
climate 气候;the climate is warm 气候温暖;weather 是“天气”,climate 是“气候”。
8
wetland
/ˈwetlənd/
n.
湿地
[*]wet 湿的 + land 陆地 = wetland 湿地;protect wetlands 保护湿地。
9
include
/ɪnˈkluːd/
vt.
包括
in-(向内)+ clude 关 = include 包括;The price includes lunch. 价格含午餐。
10
non-living
/nɒnˈlɪvɪŋ/
adj.
非生物的
[*]non-(非)+ living 有生命的 = non-living 非生物的;non-living things 非生物。
11
pond
/pɒnd/
n.
池塘
[*]pond 池塘;a fish pond 鱼塘;pond 比 lake 小。
12
around
/əˈraʊnd/
adv.
大约
around 大约(= about);around 5 o'clock 大约 5 点;也作“到处;环绕”。
13
hold
/həʊld/
vt.
容纳;拿着;举行
hold 容纳;拿着;举行;hold a meeting 开会;hold water 装水。
14
return
/rɪˈtɜːn/
v.
返回,回去,回来
re-(回)+ turn 转 = return 返回;return home 回家;return the book 还书。
15
get rid of
清除,摆脱
短语 get rid of 清除,摆脱;get rid of waste 清除废物;rid…of 使…摆脱。
16
prevent
/prɪˈvent/
vt.
防止,阻止
[*]pre-(预先)+ vent 来 = prevent 防止;prevent pollution 防止污染;prevent…from…。
17
store
/stɔː(r)/
v.
贮存
[*]store 贮存;store water 储水;a store 商店;storage 储存。
18
sponge
/spʌndʒ/
n.
海绵块
[*]sponge 海绵块;A sponge takes in water. 海绵吸水;海绵宝宝 SpongeBob。
19
act
/ækt/
vi. & vt.
起作用;行动;扮演
act 起作用;行动;扮演;act quickly 迅速行动;act as 充当。
20
kidney
/ˈkɪdni/
n.
肾脏
[*]kidney 肾脏;kidneys clean the body 肾脏净化身体;kidney bean 菜豆。
21
carbon dioxide
/ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/
n.
二氧化碳
[*]carbon 碳 + dioxide 二氧化物 = carbon dioxide 二氧化碳(CO₂)。
22
trap
/træp/
v.
吸收;使落入险境
[*]trap 吸收;使落入险境;trap CO₂ 吸收二氧化碳;a mouse trap 捕鼠夹。
23
therefore
/ˈðeəfɔː(r)/
adv.
因此
there- + fore 前面 = therefore 因此,= so/as a result;He was ill; therefore he left.
24
lung
/lʌŋ/
n.
肺
[*]lung 肺;the lung of the Earth 地球之肺;have good lungs 肺活量大。
25
sadly
/ˈsædli/
adv.
不幸地;悲伤地
sad 悲伤的 → sadly 不幸地;悲伤地;Sadly, he failed. 遗憾的是他失败了。
26
ton
/tʌn/
n.
吨
ton 吨;a ton of 一吨;tons of 大量;weigh 2 tons 重 2 吨。
27
harm
/hɑːm/
v. & n.
伤害,损害
harm 伤害,损害;do harm to 对…有害;harmful 有害的;harmless 无害的。
28
wildlife
/ˈwaɪldlaɪf/
n.
野生动物
wild 野生 + life 生命 = wildlife 野生动物(总称);protect wildlife 保护野生动物。
29
topic
/ˈtɒpɪk/
n.
话题
[*]top 顶部 + -ic = topic 话题;the topic of the lesson 本课话题。
30
quite a few
相当多,不少
短语 quite a few 相当多,不少(接可数复数);quite a few birds 相当多的鸟。
31
sandy
/ˈsændi/
adj.
铺满沙子的,含沙的
[*]sand 沙 + -y = sandy 铺满沙子的;a sandy beach 沙滩。
32
noisy
/ˈnɔɪzi/
adj.
充满噪声的,吵闹的
noise 噪声 → noisy 吵闹的;a noisy street 喧闹的街道。
33
system
/ˈsɪstəm/
n.
系统,体系
system 系统,体系;a balanced system 平衡的系统;the education system 教育体系。
34
cause
/kɔːz/
v. & n.
使发生,造成,导致;原因,理由
cause 造成,导致;原因;cause damage 造成损害;the cause of fire 起火原因。
35
damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
vt. & n.
损害,毁坏;损坏,损失,损害
[*]damage 损害,毁坏(n./v.);cause damage to 对…造成损害;不可恢复的破坏。
36
north-east
/ˌnɔːθˈiːst/
n., adj. & adv.
东北;东北方的;向东北方
north 北 + east 东 = north-east 东北(n./adj./adv.);in the north-east 在东北方。
37
cover
/ˈkʌvə(r)/
n.
躲避处;罩子
cover 此处作名词“躲避处;罩子”;a cover of trees 树木的遮蔽;也作动词“覆盖”。
38
rare
/reə(r)/
adj.
稀罕的,珍贵的
[*]rare 稀罕的,珍贵的;a rare bird 稀有鸟类;rarely 罕见地。
39
red-crowned crane
/ˌredˈkraʊnd kreɪn/
n.
丹顶鹤
[*]red-crowned crane 丹顶鹤(带音标短语);red-crowned 红冠的,crane 鹤。
40
daytime
/ˈdeɪtaɪm/
n.
白天
[*]day 白天 + time 时间 = daytime 白天;in the daytime 在白天。
41
lead
/liːd/
vi.
造成(后果)
lead 造成(后果);lead to 导致;lead a team 带领团队;过去式 led。
42
lead to
导致
短语 lead to 导致;Pollution can lead to death. 污染会导致死亡。
43
mud
/mʌd/
n.
泥,淤泥,泥浆
[*]mud 泥,淤泥;muddy 泥泞的;play in the mud 在泥里玩。
44
create
/kriˈeɪt/
vt.
创建,创造
create 创建,创造;create a project 设立项目;creative 有创造力的。
45
set up
建立
短语 set up 建立;set up a group 建立小组;set up a project 设立项目。
46
balanced
/ˈbælənst/
adj.
保持平衡的
balance 平衡 → balanced 保持平衡的;a balanced diet 均衡饮食。
47
project
/ˈprɒdʒekt/
n.
项目
project 项目;a science project 科学项目;project work 项目式学习。
48
knowledge
/ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
n.
知识
know 知道 → knowledge 知识(不可数);knowledge is power 知识就是力量。
49
wastewater
/ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/
n.
废水
[*]waste 废弃 + water 水 = wastewater 废水;treat wastewater 处理废水。
50
environment-friendly
/ɪnˌvaɪrənməntˈfrendli/
adj.
环保的,不损害环境的
environment 环境 + friendly 友好的 = environment-friendly 环保的(= eco-friendly)。
51
sir
/sɜː(r)/
n.
先生
sir 先生(称呼);Dear Sir 尊敬的先生;Yes, sir. 是的,先生。
52
madam
/ˈmædəm/
n.
女士
madam 女士;Dear Madam 尊敬的女士;Can I help you, madam?
53
kill
/kɪl/
vt. & vi.
杀死
kill 杀死;kill animals 猎杀动物;killer 杀手;kill time 消磨时间。
54
solve
/sɒlv/
vt.
解决,解答
solve 解决,解答;solve a problem 解决问题;solution 解决办法。
55
environmental
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/
adj.
环境的
environment 环境 → environmental 环境的;environmental problems 环境问题。
Part 3 · 读音密码(4 条语音规律)
① 复合词:rain + fall = rainfall;wild + life = wildlife;day + time = daytime;north + east = north-east;waste + water = wastewater。
② 词族联动:balance → balanced;environment → environmental / environment-friendly;live → living → non-living;noise → noisy。
③ 高频短语:get rid of、quite a few、lead to、set up、a ton of、in the daytime、cause damage。
④ 因果链:waste/pollution → cause/lead to damage → prevent harm → solve problems;植物 trap 并 store carbon dioxide。
Part 4 · 搭配加油站(8 组高频搭配)
搭配
意思
例句(本单元情境)
get rid of
清除,摆脱
We must get rid of the wastewater.
lead to
导致
Pollution can lead to serious damage.
set up
建立
They set up a new science project.
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
Plants take in carbon dioxide.
protect wildlife
保护野生动物
The wetland protects wildlife.
a balanced ecosystem
平衡的生态系统
A balanced ecosystem needs clean water.
environmental problems
环境问题
We solve environmental problems together.
in the daytime
在白天
The crane looks for food in the daytime.
Part 5 · 趣味闯关(6 关通关秘籍)
关卡一 · 单词消消乐(选词填空)
【ecosystem】 【carbon dioxide】 【prevent】 【damage】 【store】 【wetland】 【climate】 【solve】 【create】 【reef】
1. The ___ here is warm and rainy all year.
2. Plants take in ___ from the air.
3. We should ___ pollution to protect wildlife.
4. The ___ is a safe home for the red-crowned crane.
5. Let's ___ a new project to save the birds.
6. The ___ is home to many fish and coral.
7. We must ___ these environmental problems together.
8. Heavy rain may ___ the road.
9. Trees can ___ water like a sponge.
10. The ___ has living and non-living things in it.
关卡二 · 火眼金睛(单项选择)
1. The ___ is the home of many fish and coral.
A. pond B. reef C. mud D. sponge
2. We should ___ a balanced system in the wetland.
A. damage B. create C. act D. kill
3. ___, a ton of waste went into the river.
A. Rare B. Around C. Sadly D. Therefore
4. We must ___ the forest from being cut down.
A. prevent B. kill C. harm D. trap
5. Plants take in ___ and make oxygen.
A. rainfall B. knowledge C. carbon dioxide D. wastewater
6. The red-crowned crane is a ___ bird in the world.
A. non-living B. sandy C. noisy D. rare
关卡三 · 单词找房间(词性分类)
把下列 12 个单词按词性送进正确的“房间”(填序号即可)。
1. sandy 2. noisy 3. penguin 4. sadly 5. around 6. therefore 7. prevent 8. solve 9. create 10. climate 11. wetland 12. rare
房间
住进来的单词(填序号)
名词房
____________________________
动词房
____________________________
形容词房
____________________________
副词房
____________________________
关卡四 · 最佳搭档(搭配连线)
把左边的词(组)与右边正确的意思连起来。
左(搭配)
右(意思)
1. kidney
a. 礁
2. coral
b. 丹顶鹤
3. wetland
c. 企鹅
4. penguin
d. 肾脏
5. red-crowned crane
e. 吨
6. ton
f. 湿地
7. reef
g. 海绵块
8. sponge
h. 珊瑚
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(中译英)
1. 湿地生态系统包括生物和非生物。(wetland, ecosystem, include, non-living)
2. 植物吸收二氧化碳,并把水分储存起来。(carbon dioxide, trap, store)
3. 因此,森林是地球之肺。(therefore, lung)
4. 相当多的污染会导致系统受损。(quite a few, lead to, damage, system)
5. 我们在白天建立了一个项目,保持平衡。(daytime, set up, project, balanced)
6. 用环保的方法处理废水,我们就能解决环境问题。(environment-friendly, wastewater, solve, environmental)
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战(脑筋急转弯)
1. I am black and white, I cannot fly, but I swim very well in the cold sea. What am I?
2. I am soft and full of holes, and I take in water easily. What am I?
3. I am a tall bird with a red crown, and I live in the wetlands. What am I?
(提示:三道题的答案里藏着 penguin、sponge、red-crowned crane 三个单词。)
Part 6 · 参考答案
关卡一 · 单词消消乐
1. climate 2. carbon dioxide 3. prevent 4. wetland 5. create 6. reef 7. solve 8. damage 9. store 10. ecosystem
关卡二 · 火眼金睛
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D
关卡三 · 单词找房间
名词房:3、10、11; 动词房:7、8、9; 形容词房:1、2、12; 副词房:4、5、6。
关卡四 · 最佳搭档
1-d 2-h 3-f 4-c 5-b 6-e 7-a 8-g
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(参考答案)
1. The wetland ecosystem includes living and non-living things.
2. Plants take in carbon dioxide and store water.
3. Therefore, the forest is the lung of the Earth.
4. Quite a few kinds of pollution can lead to damage to the system.
5. We set up a project in the daytime to keep a balanced world.
6. With environment-friendly ways to treat wastewater, we can solve environmental problems.
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战
1. A penguin.
2. A sponge.
3. The red-crowned crane.
Part 7 · 我的词汇打卡清单
每掌握一个词,就在对应的格子里打“√”。全部 55 个√,你就是本单元的单词小达人!
单词
会读
会拼
会用
sculpture
coral
reef
penguin
ecosystem
rainfall
climate
wetland
include
non-living
pond
around
hold
return
get rid of
prevent
store
sponge
act
kidney
carbon dioxide
trap
therefore
lung
sadly
ton
harm
wildlife
topic
quite a few
sandy
noisy
system
cause
damage
north-east
cover
rare
red-crowned crane
daytime
lead
lead to
mud
create
set up
balanced
project
knowledge
wastewater
environment-friendly
sir
madam
kill
solve
environmental
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