Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法篇（限制性定语从句&关系代词）（“导”与“练”）-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册导练测同步（译林版2024）

Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法篇 (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分25分) 1. The cleaner ________ cleans the street every day is very hard-working. A. what B. which C. who D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每天打扫街道的那位清洁工非常勤勉。根据先行词“The cleaner”指人，且在从句中作主语，可知应用who引导定语从句，故选C。 2. —Do you know the old man to ________ our head teacher is talking in the office? —Yes. He is my grandfather. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你认识那个在办公室里我们班主任正在和他谈话的老人吗？”“认识。他是我的祖父。”分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“the old man”为人，且关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用whom，故选A。 3. The woman ________ hair is red is our new English teacher. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：那位红头发的女士是我们的新英语老师。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句， 先行词“The woman”与“hair”之间为所属关系(女士的头发)，应用关系代词whose作定语，故选C。 4. —Dad, do you know that Pan Zhanle broke the world record in the men’s 100-metre freestyle? —That’s amazing. There are many other Chinese athletes like him. Success often comes to those ________ work hard and never give up! A. how B. what C. which D. who 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“爸爸，你知道潘展乐打破了男子100米自由泳的世界纪录吗？”“太棒了。像他这样的中国运动员还有很多。成功往往属于那些努力工作、永不放弃的人！”分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词those指代前文提到的“像潘展乐这样的中国运动员”，指人，在从句中作主语，关系词用who，故选D。 5. Mr. Martin ________ is smoking is looking for ________ he lost yesterday. A. whom, which B. who, what C. that, who D. which, where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：吸烟的马丁先生正在寻找昨天丢失的东西。第一个空考查定语从句的引导词，先行词Mr. Martin指人，应用关系代词who在定语从句中做主语；第二个空考查宾语从句，设空处的引导词在宾语从句中作动词lost的宾语，应用what来指代马丁先生丢失的东西，故选B。 6. New York is the state ________ Donald John Trump was born in. A. when B. where C. who D. which 【答案】D 【解析】句意：纽约是唐纳德·约翰·特朗普出生的州。该句是为定语从句，“where”是关系副词，引导定语从句时本身包含地点含义(相当于“in which”)，因此从句中无需再加“in”，先行词为 state，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，需用关系代词which充当该宾语，故选D。 7. —Do you remember the place _______ you visited last year? —Sure. I’ll never forget that place, because I stayed there for almost 10 years. A. who B. which C. whose D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你还记得去年你参观的地方吗？”“当然。我将永远不会忘记那个地方，因为我在那待了差不多十年。”who先行词指人，在句中作主语或宾语；which先行词指物，在句中作主语、宾语等；whose先行词指人或物，在句中作定语；what不能作定语从句的关系词。根据“…you visited last year”可知原句是定语从句，先行词place为“物”，在从句中作宾语，故选B。 8. —What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A. when B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你认为电视节目《朗读者》怎么样？”“太棒了！这是我看过的最好的节目。”分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“programme”指物且被形容词最高级修饰，只可用关系代词that，故选B。 9. There are many works of art in the museum ________ we will visit tomorrow. A. that B. who C. where D. what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：博物馆里有许多艺术品，我们明天将去参观。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“museum”为物，且在从句中作宾语，应用that引导定语从句，故选A。 10. —Have you noticed the letter from Mr. Sigmund ________ I put in my desk? —No, I haven’t. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你注意到我放在书桌里的那封来自西格蒙德先生的信了吗？”“不，我没有。”分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是the letter，指物，且在从句中作put的宾语，要用指物的关系代词which来引导定语从句，故选A。 11. I like the way ________ my group members talk and solve problems. A. what B. when C. that D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我喜欢我的组员们交谈和解决问题的方式。  分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是the way(方式、方法)，其后的定语从句中缺方式状语，引导词可用that、in which或直接省略；what不能引导定语从句，when须先行词表时间，whose表所属关系，均不符，故选C。 12. The book ________ I read last week is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. A. / B. who C. what D. where 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我上周读的那本书是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“The book”指物，而此处从句缺宾语。且当关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，此处关系词作“read”的宾语，应填/。 13. The forests and people ________ we protect make a fine balance. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们所保护的森林和人类共同构成了一种良好的平衡。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是The forests and people，既包含物又包含人。在定语从句中，当先行词同时包含“人”和“物”时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which或who。what不能引导定语从句，故选A。 14. The soldier to ______ we showed thanks fought for our country. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们向其表达谢意的这位士兵为我们的国家战斗过。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词the soldier指人，介词to后接关系代词的宾格形式，用whom。 15. Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. of which D. the one 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这是你前几天参观的工厂吗？分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是the factory，指物，且关系词在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，用关系代词that或which来引导。 16. This is the only book ________ I bought during the trip. A. who B. which C. what D. that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这是我旅行期间买的唯一一本书。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为book，被only修饰时，关系代词只能用that，指物，在从句中作宾语，故选D。 17. All ________ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们所需要的就是足够的时间来完成这项工作。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词all，先行词为不定代词，且在从句中作宾语，此时关系代词只能用that引导该从句，故选B。 18. Anyone ________ breaks the school rules will receive corresponding punishment properly. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：任何违反校规的人都会受到相应的合理处罚。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为anyone指人，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句，故选B。 19. The moment you called me, I was watching the very film ________ you suggested during the trip to Xi’an. A. which B. why C. where D. that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你给我打电话的那一刻，我正在看你在西安旅行时建议我看的那部电影。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词film，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，且先行词被“the very”修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句，故选D。 20. We will never forget the days ______ we spent together during the summer camp. A. when B. which C. where D. why 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们永远不会忘记我们在夏令营一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the days，在定语从句we spent together during the summer camp中，spent是及物动词，the days作spent的宾语。关系代词which可以在定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词the days，故选B。 21. There wasn’t much _______ I could do in the kitchen, _______made my mother annoyed. A. that...which B. as...which C. which...that D. which...what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在厨房里我能做的事情不多，这让我妈妈很恼火。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，第一空，先行词为much，关系词在定语从句I could do in the kitchen中作宾语，当先行词为不定代词时，关系代词用that；第二空，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子There wasn’t much that I could do in the kitchen，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which，故选A。 22. The last thing ______ I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A. that B. which C. what D. as 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我最不想做的事就是和几乎不认识的人坐上一个小时。空处引导限制性定语从句，thing为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作do的宾语，且先行词被the last修饰，关系词只能用that，故选A。 23. She is one of the students who ________ got help from the old professor. A. have B. has C. had D. is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她是得到老教授帮助的学生之一。根据句意和下文的got可知，用现在完成时，who引导定语从句，指代先行词students，在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词与students保持人称和数的一致，用复数，故选A。 24. This is the only one of the best films ________ this year. A. that have shown B. that have been shown C. that has shown D. that has been shown 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这是今年上映的最佳影片中唯一的一部。“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词要跟“the only one”保持人称和数上的一致，用第三人称单数形式，且film与show是动宾关系，用被动语态，故选D。 25. The book ________ cover is blue tells the inspiring stories of scientists who made great contributions to human society. A. which B. whose C. that D. who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：封面是蓝色的那本书讲述了为人类社会做出巨大贡献的科学家们鼓舞人心的故事。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为The book，与cover存在所属关系，表示“书的封面”，因此用whose作定语修饰cover，故选B。 二、用限制性定语从句合并句子(每题1.5分，满分15分) 1. The piece is wonderful. He wrote the piece when he was young. The piece _________________________ when he was young is wonderful. 【答案】that/which he wrote 【解析】句意：这首曲子很棒。他年轻的时候创作了这首曲子。先行词“The piece”表示事物，关系代词用that/which；先行词作wrote的宾语；从句时态为一般过去时，wrote为write的过去式，故填 that/which he wrote。 2. The boy is our monitor. He plays the keyboard well. The boy ___________________ the keyboard well is our monitor. 【答案】who/that plays 【解析】句意：这个男孩是我们的班长。他键盘弹得很好。先行词the boy指人，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可以用who或者that；先行词为单数，从句谓语动词要和先行词保持数的一致，因此谓语动词使用动词第三人称单数plays，故填who/that plays。 3. I know the musician. His works are full of soul. I know the musician ___________________________ 【答案】the musician whose works are full of soul. 【解析】句意：我认识那位作品富有灵魂的音乐家。原句两个独立分句可用关系代词whose合并为限定性定语从句，前一分句的宾语the musician是先行词，与works“作品”之间是所属关系，关系代词whose专门用来表示所属含义，在定语从句中作名词的定语，替换原句的形容词性物主代词his，将从句置于先行词之后，保持原句时态和语序不变，故填whose works are full of soul。 4. The girl is a great scholar. The girl’s name is Wang Zhenyi. The girl ___________________ is Wang Zhenyi is a great scholar. 【答案】whose name 【解析】句意：这个女孩是一位伟大的学者。这个女孩的名字叫王贞仪。题目要求将两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句；主句的主语是The girl，即定语从句修饰的先行词；原句中提到“The girl’s name”，表示所属关系，即“女孩的”，在定语从句中应使用表示所有格的关系代词whose，从句部分意为“名字叫王贞仪”，完整结构应为“whose name is Wang Zhenyi”，故填whose name。 5. The volunteer is young. We met her yesterday. The volunteer _________________________ yesterday is young. 【答案】who/whom/that we met 【解析】句意：志愿者很年轻。我们昨天见过她。第一空：这里要把两个简单句合并成定语从句，主句主语是The volunteer，指人，因此先行词为人，从句原句为“We met her”，其中her指代The volunteer且在从句中作宾语，指代人且在从句中作宾语，关系词可填who，whom或that；定语从句需使用陈述语序(关系代词 + 主语 + 谓语)，故填who/whom/that we met。 6. Nothing can stop us. It harms the environment. Nothing ________ harms the environment ________ stop us. 【答案】that, can 【解析】句意：没有什么能阻止我们。它危害环境。原句为两个独立句子，合并时可用定语从句将两句连接。将第二句改为定语从句修饰第一句的主语“Nothing”，当先行词是不定代词时，定语从句的关系代词通常只能用that，在从句中作主语。原句第一句为“Nothing can stop us”，句子合并后，主句谓语部分保留情态动词can，故填that, can。 7. This is the best choice. We can make it. This is the best choice ________________________________. 【答案】that we can make 【解析】句意：这是最好的选择。我们可以做出这个选择。原句为两个独立句子，第二句“We can make it”中的“it”指代第一句的“the best choice”。按要求合并为定语从句，合并时，将“it”替换为关系代词，先行词“choice”指物，且先行词前有最高级“best”修饰，关系代词只能用“that”(不能用“which”)，在从句中作宾语，故填that we can make。 8. This is the only way. We can keep nature balanced. This is the only way _________________________ keep nature balanced. 【答案】that we can/in which we can/we can 【解析】句意：这是唯一的方法。我们可以保持自然平衡。原句合并为一句，可用定语从句修饰“way”，先行词被the only修饰，从句缺方式状语，可用that /in which或省略，故填that we can/in which we can/we can。 9. The tape is old. My father kept it for over thirty years. The tape _________________________ for over thirty years by my father is old. 【答案】that/which was kept 【解析】句意：那盘被我父亲保存了三十多年的磁带很旧。第一空需填关系代词指代先行词“The tape”(物)，且在定语从句中作主语，用that或which；第二空用助动词was构成一般过去时被动语态(the tape was kept)；第三空填过去分词kept。合并后定语从句“that/which was kept...by my father”修饰“The tape”，故填that/which was kept。 10. The poem is very famous. It was written by a great writer. The poem _________________________ by a great writer is very famous. 【答案】which/that was written 【解析】句意：这首诗十分有名。它是一位伟大的作家所写。 转化为定语从句，先行词the poem指物，在从句中作主语，关系代词用which或that；原句为被动语态，保留被动结构was written，故填which/that was written。 三、用that/which/who/whose填空(可重复使用)(每题1分，满分10分) 1. I love music _________ can make me feel happy. 2. The musician _________ wrote this song is very famous. 3. This is the song _________ I told you about yesterday. 4. She is the singer _________ voice is very beautiful. 5. The concert _________ we attended last night was amazing. 6. I like musicians _________ can play different kinds of instruments. 7. The piece _________ was played on the piano is called “Moonlight”. 8. Do you know the girl _________ is dancing over there? 9. The album _________ he released last year became very popular. 10. We need a singer _________ can sing both pop and rock music. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. who/that 3. that/which 4. whose 5. that/which 6. who/that 7. that/which 8. who/that 9. that/which 10. who/that 1. 句意：我喜欢能让我感到快乐的音乐。先行词“music”是事物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 2. 句意：写这首歌的这位音乐家非常有名。先行词“the musician”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 3. 句意：这就是我昨天跟你说起的那首歌。先行词“the song”是事物，关系代词在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填that/which。 4. 句意：她就是那位嗓音十分优美的歌手。先行词“the singer”是人，空格后紧跟名词voice，引导词在句中作定语，表达所属关系“这位歌手的”，故填whose。 5. 句意：我们昨晚参加的那场音乐会精彩极了。先行词“the concert”是事物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故填that/which。 6. 句意：我喜欢会演奏多种乐器的音乐家。先行词“musicians”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 7. 句意：这首用钢琴演奏的乐曲名叫《月光》。先行词“the piece”是事物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 8. 句意：你认识那边正在跳舞的女孩吗？先行词“the girl”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 9. 句意：他去年发行的专辑大受欢迎。先行词“the album”是事物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故填that/which。 10. 句意：我们需要一名既能演唱流行乐又能演唱摇滚乐的歌手。先行词“a singer”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法篇 (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分25分) 1. The cleaner ________ cleans the street every day is very hard-working. A. what B. which C. who D. whose 2. —Do you know the old man to ________ our head teacher is talking in the office? —Yes. He is my grandfather. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 3. The woman ________ hair is red is our new English teacher. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 4. —Dad, do you know that Pan Zhanle broke the world record in the men’s 100-metre freestyle? —That’s amazing. There are many other Chinese athletes like him. Success often comes to those ________ work hard and never give up! A. how B. what C. which D. who 5. Mr. Martin ________ is smoking is looking for ________ he lost yesterday. A. whom, which B. who, what C. that, who D. which, where 6. New York is the state ________ Donald John Trump was born in. A. when B. where C. who D. which 7. —Do you remember the place _______ you visited last year? —Sure. I’ll never forget that place, because I stayed there for almost 10 years. A. who B. which C. whose D. what 8. —What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A. when B. that C. what D. who 9. There are many works of art in the museum ________ we will visit tomorrow. A. that B. who C. where D. what 10. —Have you noticed the letter from Mr. Sigmund ________ I put in my desk? —No, I haven’t. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 11. I like the way ________ my group members talk and solve problems. A. what B. when C. that D. whose 12. The book ________ I read last week is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. A. / B. who C. what D. where 13. The forests and people ________ we protect make a fine balance. A. that B. which C. who D. what 14. The soldier to ______ we showed thanks fought for our country. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. of which D. the one 16. This is the only book ________ I bought during the trip. A. who B. which C. what D. that 17. All ________ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. what D. who 18. Anyone ________ breaks the school rules will receive corresponding punishment properly. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 19. The moment you called me, I was watching the very film ________ you suggested during the trip to Xi’an. A. which B. why C. where D. that 20. We will never forget the days ______ we spent together during the summer camp. A. when B. which C. where D. why 21. There wasn’t much _______ I could do in the kitchen, _______made my mother annoyed. A. that...which B. as...which C. which...that D. which...what 22. The last thing ______ I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A. that B. which C. what D. as 23. She is one of the students who ________ got help from the old professor. A. have B. has C. had D. is 24. This is the only one of the best films ________ this year. A. that have shown B. that have been shown C. that has shown D. that has been shown 25. The book ________ cover is blue tells the inspiring stories of scientists who made great contributions to human society. A. which B. whose C. that D. who 二、用限制性定语从句合并句子(每题1.5分，满分15分) 1. The piece is wonderful. He wrote the piece when he was young. The piece _________________________ when he was young is wonderful. 2. The boy is our monitor. He plays the keyboard well. The boy ___________________ the keyboard well is our monitor. 3. I know the musician. His works are full of soul. I know the musician ___________________________ 4. The girl is a great scholar. The girl’s name is Wang Zhenyi. The girl ___________________ is Wang Zhenyi is a great scholar. 5. The volunteer is young. We met her yesterday. The volunteer _________________________ yesterday is young. 6. Nothing can stop us. It harms the environment. Nothing ________ harms the environment ________ stop us. 7. This is the best choice. We can make it. This is the best choice ________________________________. 8. This is the only way. We can keep nature balanced. This is the only way _________________________ keep nature balanced. 9. The tape is old. My father kept it for over thirty years. The tape _________________________ for over thirty years by my father is old. 10. The poem is very famous. It was written by a great writer. The poem _________________________ by a great writer is very famous. 三、用that/which/who/whose填空(可重复使用)(每题1分，满分10分) 1. I love music _________ can make me feel happy. 2. The musician _________ wrote this song is very famous. 3. This is the song _________ I told you about yesterday. 4. She is the singer _________ voice is very beautiful. 5. The concert _________ we attended last night was amazing. 6. I like musicians _________ can play different kinds of instruments. 7. The piece _________ was played on the piano is called “Moonlight”. 8. Do you know the girl _________ is dancing over there? 9. The album _________ he released last year became very popular. 10. We need a singer _________ can sing both pop and rock music. 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法篇 关于“限制性定语从句”语法内容，教材如是说： 在复合句中，定语从句用来修饰一个名词(短语)或代词。我们将被修饰的名词(短语)或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词引出。如： He is the man who I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(先行词为 the man) Give me the book that you read last week. 把你上周读的书给我。(先行词为the book) Kunqu opera is a kind of traditional performing art which is still loved by many Chinese people today. 昆曲是一种至今仍受到许多中国人喜爱的传统表演艺术。(先行词为a kind of traditional performing art) 关于“关系代词”语法内容，教材如是说： 在定词从句中，常见的关系代词有who、which、that。它们代替所修饰的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。关系代词who、which、that做宾语时通常可以省略。 ◆关系代词who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可用whom代替。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Lin is just the man(who/whom)I want to interview.林先生就是我想采访的人。 ◆关系代词which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如： The building which stands near my school is a supermarket. 位于我的学校旁边的那幢大楼是一家超市。 This is the kite(which)he bought yesterday.这就是他昨天买的风筝。 ◆关系代词that指人时，相当于who；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如： The boys that are playing football are from Class Two. 那些正在踢足球的男孩是二班的。 The girl(that)you saw in the park is a friend of mine. 你在公园见到的那女孩是我的朋友。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat(that)I tried on this morning is quite nice.我今早试穿的那件外套真漂亮。 Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你做的吗？ 注意：在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果关系代词充当从句的主语，则从句中谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。如： Now we have many students who study traditional Chinese painting. 现在我们有很多学习国画的学生。 The man who lives next door to us is very friendly. 住在我们隔壁的那个男人很友善。 一、句子种类概述 句子的种类可以按照用途分，也可以按照结构分。但不管怎么分类，简单句是所有其它句子的基础。 按照用途分 一级分类 二级分类 陈述句 句 句 疑问句 疑问句 疑问句 疑问句 疑问句 祈使句 句 句 感叹句 引导的感叹句 引导的感叹句 按照结构分 简单句 (S+V) (S+V+O) (S+Link V+P) (S+V+IO+DO) (S+V+O+C) 并列句 (and) (but/while/yet) (or/either ... or .../neither ... nor ...) (so) 复合句：名词性从句 从句 从句 从句 从句 复合句：状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句 复合句：定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 二、定语从句种类 1. 定语从句的核心概念 用关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导一个句子来修饰或限定相关的名词(短语)或代词的句子就叫做“定语从句”，被定语从句修饰或限定的那个名词(短语)或代词被称为“先行词”。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后。 2. 两种定语从句的区别 定语从句又分两种：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。如何区别两种定语从句，方法如下： 区别方法 解释 举例 限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句不用逗号“,”隔开； The couple have two daughters who are studying at university in Shanghai. 非限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句要用逗号“,”隔开。 The couple have two daughters, who are both studying at university in Shanghai. 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限定和识别。如果将其去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 People who take physical exercise  live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得更长。(若把从句去掉句子，句意不完整或概念不清) 非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，主句句意仍然清楚、完整。 His daughter, who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 (若把从句去掉，主句句意仍然清楚、完整) 在翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前：限制性定语从句一般翻译成“……的”； 把非限制性定语从句与主句分开：非限制性定语从句往往另起一句来翻译。 The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road. 知道那里堵车的出租车司机换了另一条道。 The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road. 出租车司机知道那里堵车了，他们都换了另一条道。 所谓“言外之意不同”就是句子所隐含的意思不同。 I have a brother who is a doctor.  我有一个当医生的兄弟。 (言外之意：我的兄弟不止一个)  I have a brother, who is a doctor.  我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。 (言外之意：我只有一个兄弟) 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词(短语)或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词(短语)或代词，也可指代前面整个主句(这种情况只能用非限制性定语从句)。 She received an invitation which surprised her greatly.她收到了一份令她大为意外的邀请。 (which指代前面的an invitation) She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 (which指前面句子所说的内容) 三、关系代词用法 引导定语从句的关系词分两种：关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)。(本单元只学习引导限制性定语从句的关系代词用法) 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作成分 举例 who 人 主语/宾语 The girl is my sister. 正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。 The boy  is my cousin.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是我的表弟。 whom 人 宾语 The man is my uncle. 你见到的那个男的是我的叔叔。 whose 人或(事)物 定语 I admire the writer . 我敬佩那位作品十分受欢迎的作家。 The house is empty. 那栋窗户破了的房子是空的。 which (事)物 主语/宾语 The house is old. 矗立在那儿的那栋房子很老旧。 This is the bike . 这就是我昨天买的那辆自行车。 that 人或(事)物 主语/宾语 The film was great. 我们昨天所看的那部电影很棒。 以下知识仅供参考(高中重要语法点) as引导的定语从句：跟such或the same构成：such ... as ...或the same ... as ...结构 ①She is not such a girl as you imagine. 【解释】句意：她并不是你想象中的那种女孩。as是关系代词，先行词为such a girl，作imagine 的宾语。 ②This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. 【解释】句意：这本书用初学者都能看懂的简单英语写成。as是关系代词，先行词为such easy English，作understand 的宾语。 ③I hope I can meet the same kind teacher as you described just now. 【解释】句意：我希望能遇到像你刚才描述的那样善良的老师。as是关系代词，先行词为the same kind teacher，作described的宾语。 ④This is the same tool as I used yesterday. 【解释】句意：这个工具和我昨天用的那把一样(同类，不是同一把)。as是关系代词，先行词为the same tool，作used宾语。 对比：This is the same tool that I used yesterday. 【解释】句意：这就是我昨天用过的那把工具(就是原来的那一把)。that是关系代词，先行词为the same tool，作used宾语。 特别提醒：“what, how”绝对不可以引导定语从句。 我不明白他说的那件事。 ❌错误：I don’t understand the thing what he said.(错因：前面有先行词the thing，还用what) ✅正确：I don’t understand the thing that/which he said. 我不喜欢你说话的方式。 ❌错误：I don’t like the way how you speak.(错因：how不可以引导定语从句) ✅正确：I don’t like the way(that/in which)you speak. 四、关系代词重点 重点 解释 举例 只能用关系代词that 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 Now is urgently needed is money and hands.目前急需要的是钱和人手。 you see in the museum has a long history.你在博物馆里看到的每一件物品都有着悠久的历史。 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。 We heard clearly he said.他说的每句话我们听得都很清楚。 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。 This is I have ever seen.这是我见过的最令人惊叹的艺术品。 we are going to visit is Hangzhou.我们要去拜访的第三个地方是杭州。 先行词既指人又指物时。 we talked about are famous worldwide.我们谈论的那位画家以及他的作品在全世界都很有名。 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 He’s in our class _____ enters the Beijing University.他正是我们班里考上北京大学的那个男孩。 This is reminds me of my childhood.这是唯一一张能让我想起童年的照片。 句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时。 ______ is the girl ______ drove the car?刚才开车的那个女孩是谁？ 只能用关系代词which 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which。 he mentioned just now is not true.他刚才提到的那件事不是真的。 在定语从句中作介词宾语。 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。 优先用关系代词who 先行词为those, one, he时。 love traditional art can join the club.那些喜爱传统艺术的人可以加入这个俱乐部。 there be句型中(主语为人)。 writes poems about nature.有一位写自然题材诗歌的诗人。 只能用关系代词whom 在定语从句中作介词宾语。 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives you received gifts?你从亲戚那儿收到了礼物后，有没有给他们发感谢信？ 定语从句中谓语动词的人称与数的问题 定语从句的谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。 重点强调：找准“先行词”非常重要。 the work is very creative.创作这幅作品的那位艺术家很有创造力。 on show are from France.正在展出的那些画作来自法国。 She is one of good at English.她是擅长英语的学生之一。(先行词为the students) She is of the students good at English.她是这些学生当中唯一一个擅长英语的。 (先行词为the only one) 关系代词的省略 当关系代词在定语从句中作谓语动词的宾语时，who/which/that都可以省略。 注： 1. 关系代词whom本身就在从句中作谓语动词的宾语，故也可以省略； 2. 参看Unit 1 that引导的宾语从句中的that的省略。 The boy(who/that)we met yesterday is my cousin.我们昨天遇见的那个男孩是我的表弟。 The woman(whom/that)you visited is our teacher.你拜访的那位女士是我们的老师。 This is the bike(which/that)I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那辆自行车。 五、关系代词选/填四步骤 第一步：甄别是不是限制性定语从句——确定解题方向； 第二步：找准先行词——定语从句前被修饰的名词(短语)或代词，并特别关注先行词有没有特别的修饰词； 特别提醒：警惕“分隔式”定语从句：一般来说，定语从句要紧跟在先行词之后，但有时候先行词加上定语从句作主语时，主语显得太长，句子头重脚轻，因此把定语从句转移到整个主句的后面，造成先行词与定语从句被分隔的现象；有时是由于行文的需要，先行词与定语从句被分割开来(即先行词与定语从句之间被插入了其他成分)。在这两种情况下就要求我们正确识别到底哪一个是先行词。 Someone suggested sending the message to the boss which reminded the workers of the safety rules.有人建议把那条提醒员工注意安全规定的消息发给老板。 She is the only one of the pupils who has won the city writing competition. 她是学生当中唯一一个赢得市级写作比赛的人。 第三步：判断先行词是人还是物——锁定可选关系代词范围； 第四步：判断关系词在从句中充当的成分——根据所作成分是主语、宾语还是定语，最终确定所要选或所要填的关系代词。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法篇 关于“限制性定语从句”语法内容，教材如是说： 在复合句中，定语从句用来修饰一个名词(短语)或代词。我们将被修饰的名词(短语)或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词引出。如： He is the man who I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(先行词为 the man) Give me the book that you read last week. 把你上周读的书给我。(先行词为the book) Kunqu opera is a kind of traditional performing art which is still loved by many Chinese people today. 昆曲是一种至今仍受到许多中国人喜爱的传统表演艺术。(先行词为a kind of traditional performing art) 关于“关系代词”语法内容，教材如是说： 在定词从句中，常见的关系代词有who、which、that。它们代替所修饰的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。关系代词who、which、that做宾语时通常可以省略。 ◆关系代词who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可用whom代替。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Lin is just the man(who/whom)I want to interview.林先生就是我想采访的人。 ◆关系代词which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如： The building which stands near my school is a supermarket. 位于我的学校旁边的那幢大楼是一家超市。 This is the kite(which)he bought yesterday.这就是他昨天买的风筝。 ◆关系代词that指人时，相当于who；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如： The boys that are playing football are from Class Two. 那些正在踢足球的男孩是二班的。 The girl(that)you saw in the park is a friend of mine. 你在公园见到的那女孩是我的朋友。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat(that)I tried on this morning is quite nice.我今早试穿的那件外套真漂亮。 Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你做的吗？ 注意：在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果关系代词充当从句的主语，则从句中谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。如： Now we have many students who study traditional Chinese painting. 现在我们有很多学习国画的学生。 The man who lives next door to us is very friendly. 住在我们隔壁的那个男人很友善。 一、句子种类概述 句子的种类可以按照用途分，也可以按照结构分。但不管怎么分类，简单句是所有其它句子的基础。 按照用途分 一级分类 二级分类 陈述句 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 一般疑问句 选择疑问句 反义疑问句 特殊疑问句 祈使句 肯定句 否定句 感叹句 what引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句 按照结构分 简单句 主+谓(S+V) 主+谓+宾(S+V+O) 主+系+表(S+Link V+P) 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) 主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+C) 并列句 顺承关系(and) 转折关系(but/while/yet) 选择关系(or/either ... or .../neither ... nor ...) 因果关系(so) 复合句：名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 复合句：状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 复合句：定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 二、定语从句种类 1. 定语从句的核心概念 用关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导一个句子来修饰或限定相关的名词(短语)或代词的句子就叫做“定语从句”，被定语从句修饰或限定的那个名词(短语)或代词被称为“先行词”。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后。 2. 两种定语从句的区别 定语从句又分两种：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。如何区别两种定语从句，方法如下： 区别方法 解释 举例 主从句间有无逗号隔开 限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句不用逗号“,”隔开； The couple have two daughters who are studying at university in Shanghai.这对夫妇有两个在上海上大学的女儿。 非限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句要用逗号“,”隔开。 The couple have two daughters, who are both studying at university in Shanghai.这对夫妇有两个女儿，她们都在上海上大学。 两种从句对整体句意的 影响不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限定和识别。如果将其去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 People who take physical exercise  live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得更长。(若把从句去掉句子，句意不完整或概念不清) 非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，主句句意仍然清楚、完整。 His daughter, who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 (若把从句去掉，主句句意仍然清楚、完整) 英译汉时处理的方法不同 在翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前：限制性定语从句一般翻译成“……的”； 把非限制性定语从句与主句分开：非限制性定语从句往往另起一句来翻译。 The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road. 知道那里堵车的出租车司机换了另一条道。 The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road. 出租车司机知道那里堵车了，他们都换了另一条道。 两种从句言外之意不同 所谓“言外之意不同”就是句子所隐含的意思不同。 I have a brother who is a doctor.  我有一个当医生的兄弟。 (言外之意：我的兄弟不止一个)  I have a brother, who is a doctor.  我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。 (言外之意：我只有一个兄弟) 两种从句先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词(短语)或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词(短语)或代词，也可指代前面整个主句(这种情况只能用非限制性定语从句)。 She received an invitation which surprised her greatly.她收到了一份令她大为意外的邀请。 (which指代前面的an invitation) She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 (which指前面句子所说的内容) 三、关系代词用法 引导定语从句的关系词分两种：关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)。(本单元只学习引导限制性定语从句的关系代词用法) 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作成分 举例 who 人 主语/宾语 The girl who is singing is my sister. 正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。 The boy who/whom we met yesterday is my cousin.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是我的表弟。 whom 人 宾语 The man whom you met is my uncle. 你见到的那个男的是我的叔叔。 whose 人或(事)物 定语 I admire the writer whose works are very popular. 我敬佩那位作品十分受欢迎的作家。 The house whose windows are broken is empty. 那栋窗户破了的房子是空的。 which (事)物 主语/宾语 The house which stands there is old. 矗立在那儿的那栋房子很老旧。 This is the bike which I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那辆自行车。 that 人或(事)物 主语/宾语 The film that we saw yesterday was great. 我们昨天所看的那部电影很棒。 以下知识仅供参考(高中重要语法点) as引导的定语从句：跟such或the same构成：such ... as ...或the same ... as ...结构 ①She is not such a girl as you imagine. 【解释】句意：她并不是你想象中的那种女孩。as是关系代词，先行词为such a girl，作imagine 的宾语。 ②This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. 【解释】句意：这本书用初学者都能看懂的简单英语写成。as是关系代词，先行词为such easy English，作understand 的宾语。 ③I hope I can meet the same kind teacher as you described just now. 【解释】句意：我希望能遇到像你刚才描述的那样善良的老师。as是关系代词，先行词为the same kind teacher，作described的宾语。 ④This is the same tool as I used yesterday. 【解释】句意：这个工具和我昨天用的那把一样(同类，不是同一把)。as是关系代词，先行词为the same tool，作used宾语。 对比：This is the same tool that I used yesterday. 【解释】句意：这就是我昨天用过的那把工具(就是原来的那一把)。that是关系代词，先行词为the same tool，作used宾语。 特别提醒：“what, how”绝对不可以引导定语从句。 我不明白他说的那件事。 ❌错误：I don’t understand the thing what he said.(错因：前面有先行词the thing，还用what) ✅正确：I don’t understand the thing that/which he said. 我不喜欢你说话的方式。 ❌错误：I don’t like the way how you speak.(错因：how不可以引导定语从句) ✅正确：I don’t like the way(that/in which)you speak. 四、关系代词重点 重点 解释 举例 只能用关系代词that 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 Now all that is urgently needed is money and hands.目前急需要的是钱和人手。 Everything that you see in the museum has a long history.你在博物馆里看到的每一件物品都有着悠久的历史。 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。 We heard clearly every word that he said.他说的每句话我们听得都很清楚。 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。 This is the most amazing artwork that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最令人惊叹的艺术品。 The third place that we are going to visit is Hangzhou.我们要去拜访的第三个地方是杭州。 先行词既指人又指物时。 The painter and his works that we talked about are famous worldwide.我们谈论的那位画家以及他的作品在全世界都很有名。 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 He’s the very boy in our class that enters the Beijing University.他正是我们班里考上北京大学的那个男孩。 This is the only photo that reminds me of my childhood.这是唯一一张能让我想起童年的照片。 句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时。 Who is the girl that drove the car? 刚才开车的那个女孩是谁？ 只能用关系代词which 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which。 That which he mentioned just now is not true.他刚才提到的那件事不是真的。 在定语从句中作介词宾语。 Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。 优先用关系代词who 先行词为those, one, he时。 Those who love traditional art can join the club.那些喜爱传统艺术的人可以加入这个俱乐部。 there be句型中(主语为人)。 There is a poet who writes poems about nature.有一位写自然题材诗歌的诗人。 只能用关系代词whom 在定语从句中作介词宾语。 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts?你从亲戚那儿收到了礼物后，有没有给他们发感谢信？ 定语从句中谓语动词的人称与数的问题 定语从句的谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。 重点强调：找准“先行词”非常重要。 The artist who creates the work is very creative.创作这幅作品的那位艺术家很有创造力。 The paintings which are on show are from France.正在展出的那些画作来自法国。 She is one of the students who are good at English.她是擅长英语的学生之一。(先行词为the students) She is the only one of the students who is good at English.她是这些学生当中唯一一个擅长英语的。 (先行词为the only one) 关系代词的省略 当关系代词在定语从句中作谓语动词的宾语时，who/which/that都可以省略。 注： 1. 关系代词whom本身就在从句中作谓语动词的宾语，故也可以省略； 2. 参看Unit 1 that引导的宾语从句中的that的省略。 The boy(who/that)we met yesterday is my cousin.我们昨天遇见的那个男孩是我的表弟。 The woman(whom/that)you visited is our teacher.你拜访的那位女士是我们的老师。 This is the bike(which/that)I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那辆自行车。 五、关系代词选/填四步骤 第一步：甄别是不是限制性定语从句——确定解题方向； 第二步：找准先行词——定语从句前被修饰的名词(短语)或代词，并特别关注先行词有没有特别的修饰词； 特别提醒：警惕“分隔式”定语从句：一般来说，定语从句要紧跟在先行词之后，但有时候先行词加上定语从句作主语时，主语显得太长，句子头重脚轻，因此把定语从句转移到整个主句的后面，造成先行词与定语从句被分隔的现象；有时是由于行文的需要，先行词与定语从句被分割开来(即先行词与定语从句之间被插入了其他成分)。在这两种情况下就要求我们正确识别到底哪一个是先行词。 Someone suggested sending the message to the boss which reminded the workers of the safety rules.有人建议把那条提醒员工注意安全规定的消息发给老板。 She is the only one of the pupils who has won the city writing competition. 她是学生当中唯一一个赢得市级写作比赛的人。 第三步：判断先行词是人还是物——锁定可选关系代词范围； 第四步：判断关系词在从句中充当的成分——根据所作成分是主语、宾语还是定语，最终确定所要选或所要填的关系代词。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $