专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-中国文化 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B Passage 3 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. D　5. A 主题语境03 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. C Passage 3 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A Passage 3 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D Passage 4 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D Passage 3 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B Passage 4 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. A Passage 5 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. B Passage 6 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B 主题语境 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-中国文化 （25-26高一上·江苏南京师范大学附中·期中）Does studying philosophy (哲学) really make people better thinkers? To test this claim, as researchers, we looked at data from more than 600,000 US college graduates, compared philosophy students with those in every other field, and published our findings in the Journal of the American Philosophical Association. The results were clear. By the end of their senior year, philosophy students did much better than all other students on tests of language and logical reasoning (逻辑推理). They also reported stronger virtues, including curiosity and open-mindedness. Why does philosophy have such an effect? Different from many fields that focus on specific knowledge, philosophy is best understood as a method of research. It asks questions about human life and the universe and then tests possible answers. Doing philosophy means building logical reasoning, recognizing hidden assumptions (假设), and arriving at their often surprising conclusions. These habits of mind enable students to think more clearly and carefully from different aspects. This benefit matters far beyond the classroom. At a time when public trust in higher education is at historic lows and AI is reshaping the workplace, the need for critical thinking has never been greater. AI can generate (生成) information quickly, but it cannot decide what is true or meaningful. If we humans don’t examine AI-generated information, our life is at risk. Our research does not claim that philosophy alone guarantees wisdom or moral virtue. Intellectual (智力上的) skills can be used for selfish purposes as well as for justice. But the evidence showed that studying philosophy helps us develop habits of thought that are measurable and lasting. It gives students the tools to question assumptions, face uncertainty, and make thoughtful choices in an ever-changing world. In short, philosophy is not beyond us — it is a necessity. It trains the mind, strengthens judgment, and prepares people to meet future challenges with courage. 1.How did the researchers carry out the study? A. By interviewing philosophy students. B. By reviewing earlier studies. C. By comparing data of graduates. D. By analyzing graduates’ behavior. 2.What makes philosophy students better thinkers, according to Paragraph 3? A. Their thirst for knowledge. B. Their curiosity for mysteries. C. Their critical thinking skills. D. Their language and logical training. 3.Why does philosophy matter in today’s world? A. It is changing the workplace worldwide. B. It gives us wisdom and a sense of justice. C. It better prepares us for complex realities. D. It helps rebuild public trust in higher education. 4.What can we infer from the text? A. Philosophy matters more than AI in modern society. B. Philosophy students are the smartest among graduates. C. Philosophy students adapt well to the changing workplace. D. We need to study some philosophy to face the uncertain future. 主题语境02 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京师范大学附中·期中）Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like this, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be tricky. People often misread what inviters want to hear and overestimate (高估) their preference for a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we want to figure out the psychology (心理学) behind such awkward social situations. We’ve found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when people understand information in their own way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees believe that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative result of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there are certain situations that make people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When invitees put themselves in the shoes of the inviters, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a clear answer. When people are invited to do something they don’t want to do, they have no desire to keep their options open. While dealing with social situations can be tricky, being direct is sometimes the best. It might reduce your options. But it will keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 1.Why does the author mention “the concert” in Paragraph 1? A. To share a personal social experience. B. To introduce a common social situation. C. To stress the importance of quick replies. D. To explain the background of invitations. 2.People’s response “maybe” to invitations is mainly due to__________ A. an underestimation of refusal results B. a lack of honesty and respect for inviters C. a failure to understand inviters’ psychology D. a misunderstanding of invitation information 3.What does the author seem to express in the last paragraph? A. Think twice before refusing an invitation. B. Communicate regularly to keep the peace. C. Accept invitations to avoid disappointment. D. Respond clearly instead of keeping options open. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why “maybe” is not a wise choice B. How “maybe” harms our friendships C. The power of saying “no” to invitations D. “Maybe”: a smart solution to invitations Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏海安高级中学·期中）Jennifer Destefano answered a call from a number she did not recognize. “Mom, these bad men have me,” her daughter’s voice told her, crying. A man continued to demand money, or he would drug her daughter and leave her in Mexico. But while she kept him on the phone, friends managed to reach her daughter, only to discover that she was free and well on a skiing trip in Arizona. The voice used on the phone was a fake (冒充品). In fact, voice cloning has far-reaching influences. A brief sample of a particular individual voice can be used to train an AI model, which can then speak any given text sounding like that person. The feature is to be included in iPhone’s new operating system IOS 17 to help people who may be in danger of losing their voices. ElevenLabs, an AI startup, offers users the chance to create their own clones in minutes. When generating a recording, the system also offers a controller that allows users to choose between variability, a lifelike intonation (语调), and stability, similar to a calm newsreader, both accurate. With cloning coming, voices claiming to be someone may prove to be fakes. That disturbs financial industry (金融业), which uses voice as an important identification. In journalism, fewer people will trust news based on recordings. The opposite problem will arise when public figures refuse to admit their genuine recordings. Now, ever more people caught up in illegal behaviors will be attracted by the defence, “It wasn’t me.” Creative industries could face challenges too. Voice actors’ skills, trained over a lifetime, can be taken away in a matter of seconds. The Telegraph recently reported on actors who had mistakenly given up rights to their voices, making it possible to clone them for nothing. But as the old saying goes, a coin has two sides. Val Kilmer, who has lost much of his voice to throat cancer, was delighted to have his voice restored for Top Gun: Maverick. And some others may be spared heading to the studio for retakes. 1.Why does the author talk about Destefano’s experience? A. To explain why Destefano was cheated. B. To praise a mother’s love for her daughter. C. To teach people how to recognize fake voices. D. To draw readers’ attention to voice cloning. 2.What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A. Cloning voices can be variously styled. B. IOS trains people disabled in speaking. C. Cloning one’s voice is time-consuming. D. AI learns human voice from texts. 3.What impact may voice cloning make? A. Financial industry will abandon voice identification. B. Broadcasting will disappear in journalism. C. Criminals use it as an excuse to escape punishment. D. Public figures dare not make recordings. 4.What is voice cloning’s influence in creative industries? A. Disastrous. B. Double edged. C. Beneficial. D. Short-termed. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）Teenage sailors have been making headlines. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention — and sponsors. Young sailors also attract divided opinions. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the local government to cancel her voyage; yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seems there is confusion about the ability and independence of young people. Consider the case of the Dutch girl, Laura Dekker. When her father agreed to her making a solo (独自的) voyage at age 13, the Dutch Council for Child Care prevented it. The World Sailing Speed Record Council also moved to discourage very young sailors by abolishing (废除) their age-based records in early 2009. So community control of children under 16 years already happens. Teenage brains, the popular psychologists tell us, are likely to make wrong judgments. But such generalizations often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussing with the relevant, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it is also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can gain achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. This can have the opposite effect of making them feel incapable because remarkable accomplishments are beyond them. Teenage sailors should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. But nor should “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to achieve extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing over-stresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1.What do we know about Jessica Watson? A. She wanted to attract potential sponsors. B. She successfully completed her voyage. C. She was discouraged by the Prime Minister. D. She worked as a sailor for the local government. 2.Why does the author mention the Dutch girl in Para 2? A. To praise her for her bravery. B. To stress she was overprotected. C. To show community control over teenage sailors. D. To explain the common independence of young people. 3.What does the underlined word “generalizations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. controls B. experiences C. faults D. opinions 4.What does the author think of teenagers’ independence? A. It is closely related to their age. B. It often leads to wrong judgments. C. It is developed through independent journeys. D. It differs hugely from individual to individual. 5.What is the author’s attitude towards teenage sailors? A. objective B. indifferent C. subjective D. doubtful 主题语境03 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）If you are longing for a hike in Alaska and aren’t sure where to star, here are our favorites. There’s something for all levels of skills and ambitions. The Kenai River Trail A half mile down this trail are wonderful views of the Kenai River Canyon. There are really two trailheads(小道的起点); the main “upper” trail starts at mile 0.6 of Skilak Lake Rd, and the other at mile 2.3. Turnagain Arm Trail This 11-mile hike begins at Potter Trailhead (Mile 115). Initially used by Alaska Natives, the trail, can also be accessible to points along the way: McHugh Creck (Mile 112), Rainbow (Mile 108) and Windy (Mile 107). Iditarod National Historic Trail The National Historic Iditarod Trail is a 24-mile hike used by gold miners and sled-dog teams until 1918, when the Alaska Railroad was finished. It’s a two-to-three day hike through superb mountain scenery to Girdwood (where it’s known as the Crow Pass Trail), and is the region’s best backpack adventure. Put up a tent at Echo Bend (Mile 3), or rent one of two yurts(毡房) ($65 per night) close by. For a shorter outing you can turn around at the Perch, then return to the Dew Mound Trail at Echo Bend and then to the Nature Center, making this a scenic 8-mile trip. Reed Lakes Trail Two alpine lakes, waterfalls, glaciers and towering granite(花岗岩) walls: the 7-to-9-mile Reed Lakes Trail is one of the most wonderful hikes in the region, and worth the climb. Once you reach upper Reed Lake, continue 1 mile to Bomber Glacier, where the ruin of a B-29 bomber lies in memorial to six men who died in a 1957 crash. 1.Which route was originally used by Alaska Natives? A. The Kenai River Trail. B. Tunagain Arm Trail. C. Iditarod National Historic Trail. D. Reed Lakes Trail. 2.What will visitors see at Bomber Glacier? A. A memorial to six heroes. B. A tower made of granite. C. One of the most splendid waterfalls. D. The ruin of a B-29 bomber. 3.Who will be more interested in the text? A. Nature photographers. B. Sports lovers. C. Field researchers. D. Alaska explorers. 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中）Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2.What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. What encourages bacterial growth. B. How sponges are exactly structured. C. How bacteria grow independently. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3.What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Poorly adaptive. B. Relatively harmless. C. Partly distributed. D. Surprisingly unpleasant. 4.What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Evidence of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria. C. Methods to help bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中）Starting with the new school year, students in 17 more US states will face new cellphone rules, bringing the total to 35 out of 50 states. Among these states, some ban (禁止) phones throughout the whole school day, while others only ban them during class, allowing use between classes or at lunch. This change has come remarkably quickly, as Florida became the first state in the country to pass such a law in 2023. The number of states adopting rules or laws to limit phone use is growing with rising public support. According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in June, 74 percent of US adults said they would support banning middle and high school students from using cellphones during class, up from 68 percent last fall. However, this support didn’t come out of nowhere. Writer Gail Cornwall noted in The Atlantic magazine that having a phone nearby reduces interaction with others because notifications (通知) make people want to check their phones. Teenagers find it even harder to resist this urge because their brains are still developing. The urge (欲望) to check phones isn’t just about the brain; it’s also social. Cornwall explained that many teens feel they need to be online all the time to keep up with friends. Being slow to respond can hurt friendships, causing “digital stress”, which can lead to lack of focus and even depression. For students, the rules have added new school-day routines. “Most of them did not want to turn in their phones” at first, a student at McNair High School in Atlanta said. Now, that resentment (怨恨) is starting to fade. Teachers appreciate the ban. Surveys by Emory University showed that teachers had noticed better concentration and more positive interactions among students. However, some experts said it’s not yet clear whether the ban has long-term benefits. Meanwhile, many parents are against the ban. The US National Parental Union said that parents’ main concern is keeping their children safe during school emergencies. They believe direct communication with their children is important because schools often fail to communicate effectively. The debate continues, but school smartphone bans reflect growing concerns about youth mental health and school performance. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By introducing a policy change. B. By comparing different cases. C. By explaining the background. D. By presenting different opinions. 2.What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A. The negative effects of phone usage. B. The causes of dependence on phones. C. The social functions of mobile phones. D. The urgency of banning phone usage. 3.What do the surveys by Emory University suggest about the phone ban? A. They are being accepted by students. B. They have achieved positive outcomes. C. They are well implemented by teachers. D. They can be effective in the long run. 4.What is the main reason many parents oppose the phone ban? A. They doubt its benefits for mental health. B. They don’t believe it can solve the root problem. C. They are worried about their children’s safety. D. They think it will affect parent-child relationships. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏盐城五校联考·期中）Technology has influenced art greatly. It has opened up so many opportunities for artists and has increased the number of techniques that artists can use. Artists can now “paint” on an iPad just as well as they can on paper with a paintbrush and paint. Artists give their opinions on how technology has changed art, and how they have counted on technology. Ms. Teresa, a dance teacher at the Hamilton Heights Elementary School, said, “I love dance because it is non-technological, but technology has improved my teaching practice and made it easier to share the world of dance with my students.” Ms. Teresa shares how she is able to share her passion (激情) with her students more efficiently with the use of technology and how it has given her students more chances to study many dance styles. Thanks to technology, we are presented with so much knowledge, and so many new techniques. “Graphic design (平面设计), computer-generated paintings, Photoshop, digitally created music, e-books, and 3D printing—to name just a few!” Technology has undoubtedly influenced art across different mediums. The website Art Thou explains all the ways art has adapted to technology. “Techniques, such as video software and digital colors, are a far cry from the traditional tools of the paintbrush.” Along with these amazing benefits, technology has also had negative effects on art. Some think digital art is unreal. Art Thou says, “Famous paintings are being reproduced and adjusted (调整) by graphic designers at an increasing rate.” With designers continuously adjusting and reproducing art, the originality of an art piece such as Mona Lisa could be taken away. It is also possible that digital art can take away the creative aspect of art. Art Thou explains, “Technology has however arguably weakened creativity as artists are appealed to by the huge technological power. Given these disadvantages, it depends on how artists use the technology. They must once again become the master of these tools and techniques so that they can translate their vision and creativity and the final result truly reflects their personality.” 1.How does technology help artists according to the author? A. By giving them more inspiration. B. By helping them work effectively. C. By offering them more possibilities. D. By providing better painting mediums. 2.What do Ms. Teresa’s words in paragraph 2 show? A. Technology makes art teaching easier. B. Art depends too much on technology now. C. Technology helps people find their passion. D. Art exchanges become increasingly important. 3.What does the author want to stress with the example of Mona Lisa? A. The loss of art paintings’ original meaning. B. Recognition of graphic designers’ creativity. C. Artists’ attitudes towards technological power. D. Technology’s influence on artworks’ originality. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The influence of technology on art. B. The challenges faced by creative arts. C. The use of technology in different ways. D. The strengths and weaknesses of technology. 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡天一中学·期中）Instant noodles are a favorite quick meal when people don’t want to cook. Picture eating them while watching TV on a stormy night — pure comfort But many believe they’re just junk food that harms health. The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them. The main issue isn’t the noodles themselves, but the common way people make them: pouring boiling water over dried noodles and adding all the salt seasoning packets. These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy. Actually, plain instant noodles aren’t terrible. They’re fried during production (which adds some oil and calories), but they fill you up well and provide quick energy when you’re hungry. To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal. So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning (调料) and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus vegetables and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method! 1.What determines whether instant noodles are unhealthy or not? A. The cooking time. B. The time of eating. C. The preparation method. D. The balanced seasoning. 2.What is the major cause of unhealthy instant noodles? A. The dried noodles. B. The flavor packets. C. The boiling water. D. The amount of oil. 3.What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A. To defend instant noodles. B. To list harmful additives. C. To warn about health dangers. D. To give cooking instructions. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Instant noodles are hard to cook. B. Instant noodles are a perfect meal. C. Instant noodles are not all waste. D. The less instant noodles, the healthier. 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京航空航天大学苏州附中·期中）Cows produce much methane (甲烷) the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food. Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They added a small amount of seaweed to the cows’ food. The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows. But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day. Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis. 1.Why did the researchers carry out the study? A. To test the effects of the seaweed. B. To discover healthier grass for cows. C. To improve the cows’ living conditions. D. To measure the amount of methane in the world. 2.What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A. The background of the subject. B. The results of the study. C. The content of the experiment. D. The process of the research. 3.What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion? A. Seaweed is not as tasty as grass. B. Seaweed is dying out in the world. C. Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily. D. Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the findings? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Negative. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏盐城五校联考·期中）In a study, researchers at Royal Holloway University of London and Virginia Tech studied honeybees’ behavior across 20 honeybee groups in London and nearby agricultural areas. The information told the researchers that foraging trip distances (觅食之旅的距离) of honeybees were short in city areas compared to those in agricultural areas. The researchers carried out their study between April and September 2017, across 20 sites: 10 in central London to represent city land and 10 in agricultural land. They found that the waggle dance (摇摆舞) is unique to honeybees, who send messages about the location of flower resources to the hive (蜂房). When honeybees return to the hive with food, instead of immediately leaving to forage again, they will repeat a particular figure-eight dance. Researchers then studied their movements and mapped out where the bees had been. The researchers also found no significant difference in the amount of sugar collected by the city and countryside bees, which showed that the longer foraging distances in countryside areas were not driven by faraway nectar (花蜜) rich resources. The findings support the idea that cities are hot spots for social bees, with gardens providing plentiful resources. In agricultural areas, it is likely harder for honeybees to find food, so they have to go further before they find enough food to bring back to the hive. The researchers warn that because city areas make up a small percentage of total land cover, they are unlikely to be enough to support all bee populations. Professor Leadbeater, the author of the study, said, “Protection efforts should be made to increase the number of flowers that don’t bear fruits in agricultural areas. This would increase the amount of food available (可获得的) across the season and landscape and reduce bees’ dependence on small numbers of seasonal flowering crops.” Because the study focused on honeybees, the researchers warn that the findings will not suit all bee species. As for many other kinds of bees, they are susceptible to their nearby environment. The existence of some special host plants or nesting sites will be important to determine whether cities are valuable homes. 1.What can be learned about honeybees’ waggle dance? A. It is a celebration of getting enough food. B. It is a sign of inviting friends to their hives. C. It is used for communicating food resources. D. It is performed differently in different places. 2.What is the key factor that influences the foraging trip distances? A. Human activity. B. Food availability. C. The type of nectar. D. The number of hives. 3.What did Professor Leadbeater suggest? A. Increasing the number of parks. B. Planting more non-crop flowers. C. Improving city areas’ land cover. D. Reducing seasonal flowering crops. 4.What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph mean? A. Adaptable. B. Blind. C. Familiar. D. Sensitive. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）The education technology (edtech) industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with investment (投资) in this field increasing more than forty times over the last decade. As a result, the market is being flooded with new tools and new edtech companies, making it hard for school leaders and teachers to figure out which tools will actually work best in the classroom. “Only 11% of education decision makers were looking at any type of evidence to make a purchasing decision on an edtech tool,” said Isabelle Hau, executive director of the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, an organization that helps improve how well children and adults learn. “And only 7% of edtech tools around the world have any kind of strict, dependable evidence that they work.” Besides the lack of research on which tools help students get better grades in this fast-growing edtech field, making sure everyone can get these tools fairly is also challenging. “Many of these tools aren’t shared fairly. This has to do with who pays the money for them and how the money is provided,” Ms. Hau explained. “Around the world, there’s still a huge divide in how easy it is for people in different places to use digital tools (like computers and tablets).” Hau joins GSE Dean Dan Schwartz and Senior Lecturer Denise Pope as they discuss edtech’s rocketing growth, what’s driving that growth, and how school leaders, the government, and other organizations can help teachers get the tools that will best serve their students. “A lot of people are working on it, including us, of course, because we have a big role to play in improving learning outcomes for children and educators,” Hau said. She also shared tips and resources for businessmen looking to get into the edtech space. “You need to start small, and you need to start with a handful of partners that love your solution. And then from there you can expect to grow in size.” 1.What might be the school leaders’ concern about edtech tools? A. Originality. B. Effectiveness. C. Safety. D. Convenience. 2.What does the underlined part “a huge divide” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. The inequality in access to digital tools. B. The difference in the quality of edtech products. C. The gap in digital skills between teachers and students. D. The imbalance in educational development across regions. 3.What is Hau’s suggestion for businessmen interested in edtech? A. Dream big. B. Seek investment. C. Be practical. D. Be independent. 4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend edtech products and services. B. To complain about the poor quality of edtech tools. C. To provide detailed guidance on choosing edtech tools. D. To expose the challenges in the fast-growing edtech field. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡天一中学·期中）Some universities in China and around the world are making changes to the ways in which they deliver liberal arts (文科) subjects, with some subjects being removed. These changes have caused a lot of discussion in China with some questioning the long-term benefits of these subjects and others saying their removal is leading to a global reduction in the liberal arts. Universities have the right and the responsibility to ensure their courses best equip their students to gain more chances in the job market. Education resources tend to be concentrated on science and engineering subjects that lead to better jobs, and this tendency (趋势) is becoming increasingly clear, driven by market demand. Liberal arts subjects aim to improve life and society. In this sense, the more developed a society is, the more liberal arts are needed. Human development requires liberal arts that keep up with the times. Today, what we need is the kind of humanities and social sciences that can adapt to modern society, which is advancing in science and technology. Liberal arts must welcome the Internet, big data, AI, cloud computing, and so on. The change of liberal arts subjects in universities is unavoidable. In modern university education, the humanities are increasingly serving as general education. Future-centered humanities education should not and cannot, promise a clear path from specialization to a specific career as natural sciences might. Instead, it should focus on offering a liberal arts education that equips future scientists, technicians, and professionals with humanistic qualities. This education doesn’t provide specific job skills, but aims to cultivate (培养) citizens with critical thinking, cross-cultural awareness, and the ability to think on one’s own. Liberal arts should have the ability to provide effective “public products” for society. They are not material or technological products, but thoughts, discourses (话语), and theories. 1.Why are some liberal arts subjects removed? A. They are difficult to master. B. Their benefits show slowly. C. They need more resources. D. Their views are imaginary. 2.How can liberal arts subjects keep up with the times? A. By providing hands-on chances. B. By focusing on practical topics. C. By using popular academic terms. D. By opening doors to technologies. 3.Which of the following do liberal arts aim to cultivate? A. Sense of humour. B. Independent thinking. C. Self reflection ability. D. Self-learning ability. 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Are liberal arts losing ground? B. Liberal arts: basis for sciences C. Will liberal arts make changes? D. Liberal arts: searching for truth Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏南通中学·期中）Shared mobility: Making Travel Easier for All Shared mobility services, like carshares and bikeshares, are good for the environment. However, not everyone has the same chance to use them. Studies show that these services are more often found in richer city areas. Most users are usually younger, wealthier, and able-bodied. To build a transportation system that lasts for the future, it is important to make these services available to all people. Some cities have started programs to help low-income residents. These programs encourage the use of shared vehicles and reduce the need for private cars. Recently, about 70% of small vehicle (micromobility) programs in the US have taken steps to better serve disadvantaged groups. For example, they now may accept cash and allow booking without a smartphone. Still, many problems remain. Surveys show that people in the countryside and those with less money face more difficulties trying to use bikeshares. Cost, not knowing how to use the service, and low availability are common issues, as shown in the Figure. Non-profit organizations are also helping. For instance, Shared Mobility Inc., a non-profit group in Buffalo, provides free e-bikes to communities in need and holds training classes to teach people about biking safety and culture. Another group, Mobi in Belgium, helps older people and those who have trouble moving by providing low-cost rides that can be booked by phone. Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers cars that can fit wheelchairs and provides child seats if asked. In summary, understanding different needs and making services more flexible are key to creating fair and long-lasting city transportation. 1.What is the main reason for making shared mobility services available to all? A. To encourage cash payments. B. To make travel cheaper. C. To create a lasting transport system. D. To reduce the use of private cars. 2.What is the main difficulty for low-income city people using bikeshares? A. Safety concerns. B. High cost. C. Lack of familiarity. D. Limited availability. 3.What measure does Tim Carsharing in Austria take? A. Providing free e-bikes. B. Booking rides by smartphone. C. Holding training classes. D. Offering wheelchair-friendly vehicles. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·江苏南京十三中·期中）Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills which are needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology-companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play. In fact, many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren’t related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity (创造性); skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills gamed when kids tinker (鼓捣小玩意). High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth. There are cognitive (认知的) benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four-and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time absorbed in various activities. This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles (原理) in math. If play and building are important to 21st-century skill development, that’s really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so developing 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. 1.What do you know about educators and business leaders from Paragraph 1? A. They will play together. B. They have nothing in common. C. They share the same goals. D. They will partner with each other. 2.What is the best way to prepare children for a successful future? A. Mixing STEM skills with DIY activities. B. Developing specific technologies. C. Paying attention to STEM skills. D. Relating to subject matter. 3.Why does the author mention NASA’s best well-rounded problem solvers in Paragraph 3? A. To stress the benefits of skills. B. To show the findings of NASA. C. To explain the ways of tinkering. D. To prove the importance of tinkering 4.What does the author advise schools and communities with limited resources to do? A. Add teaching materials. B. Apply resources at hand. C. Introduce advanced technology. D. Provide problem-solving opportunities. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京一中·期中）In 1785, English philosopher Jeremy Bentham designed a perfect castle where rooms circle a tower, from which an unseen guard can observe any people at will. People have to assume they’re constantly observed and behave accordingly. The secret of the castle control: the people have internalized the surveillance (监控) mechanism themselves. Bentham’s design feels so relevant in our digital age of algorithms (算法) and social media, when we frequently feel watched, with no way to escape. How being watched affects us is the first topic that has been studied in psychology. Decades of studies have shown that we behave differently when we are watched. On a conscious level, we become more prosocial, meaning we’re more likely to give and less likely to cheat or litter. Even theft or littering could be reduced merely by posting pictures of eyes. Seymour, a psychologist from the University of Technology Sydney, puts this down to our concern with reputation and social consequences. This led to the idea that surveillance could be used for social good, echoing Bentham’s methods. Being watched also affects cognitive (认知) functions, but negatively. One study found that participants performed worse on a working memory task with people looking at them — a direct gaze grabs participants’ attention and distracts them from a given task. A series of experiments have demonstrated that bringing more surveillance into workplaces or educational settings — usually an attempt to boost productivity — could actually be counterproductive. Surveillance profoundly impacts our brain’s unconscious processing. Seymour says it makes our social thinking and survival instincts work too hard. This makes us worry about everyone’s mental health. Always being watched makes us more aware of people around us, keeping us on edge and ready to act. “We didn’t have as much surveillance and social connection 50 years ago, so it’s a new societal context we’re adapting to. We need to find ways to balance the benefits of connectivity with the drawbacks of constant surveillance,” Seymour remarks. 1.Why does the author mention the castle in the first paragraph? A. To express his respect to Bentham. B. To explain a concept of psychology. C. To illustrate its working mechanism. D. To present a picture of surveillance. 2.What urges people to become more prosocial? A. Their desire to keep a good image. B. Their trust from the family. C. Their attachment to the community. D. Their concern with education. 3.The word “counterproductive” in paragraph 3 most likely means ________. A. highly efficient B. producing the opposite of the desired result C. difficult to implement D. increasing in popularity 4.What does Seymour suggest about the society full of surveillance? A. Cut interactions to ease stress. B. Boost surveillance for connections. C. Weigh connectivity against surveillance. D. Ignore the impact of surveillance. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏南京一中·期中）A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain. The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them. They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch (小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator. Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common — if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. 1.What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration? A. They can learn skills like animals. B. They can communicate with people. C. They have the ability to feel pain. D. They respond differently to requests. 2.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain. B. The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries. C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system. D. The value of protecting human workers from injury. 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks. B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator. C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain. D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study? A. Dismissive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏锡山高中学·期中）You see a cat pursuing a mouse. You probably don’t realize it, but your brain makes a key distinction (区分) between the cat and the mouse: It identifies who’s pursuing, and who’s being pursued. This ability to distinguish between the “agent” (the one performing an action) and the “patient” (the one upon which that action is being performed) is called “event decomposition (事件分解)”. The concepts of “agent” and “patient” have a strong similarity to the linguistic concepts of subject and object — scientists believe that the cognitive (认知的) mechanism of event decomposition forms the basis of the structure of human language. Event decomposition has long been thought to be unique to humans. However, a new study suggests that this is not the case: great apes (类人猿) also seem to track events in the way that we do, distinguishing between “agent” and “patient”. Vanessa Wilson, the paper’s lead author, has been devoted to answering a key question about the relationship between event decomposition and language, one that recalls the classic question about the chicken and the egg: is our capability for language based on the ability of event decomposition, or the other way around? The apes’ ability to distinguish between “agent” and “patient” helps provide a conclusion that the ability to decompose events evolved (进化) first. If they possess the cognitive structure to evolve language, why have apes not done so? Wilson explains, “Human beings needed more cooperation with others, which required more complex communication and gradually drove the development of language. While other animals might be capable of human-like event decomposition, they simply do not have the motivation or resources to communicate about agent-patient relations.” Ultimately, though, the more we learn about animals and the ways in which they communicate, the more we come to understand that humans are perhaps not as unique as we might like to think we are. “In short,” says Wilson, “our understanding of the possible drivers of communicative complexity is still just at the tip of the iceberg.” 1.Why does the author mention a cat pursuing a mouse? A. To raise a discussion. B. To describe a common behavior. C. To highlight a view. D. To explain two concepts. 2.What does apes’ ability to distinguish between “agent” and “patient” suggest? A. Apes can understand complex human emotions. B. Great apes have the same language abilities as humans. C. Language ability appeared from event decomposition. D. Humans’ cognitive ability evolved after language development. 3.What is the cause of the development of human language? A. The need for social cooperation. B. The availability of natural resources. C. The ability to decompose events. D. The motivation for simple communication. 4.What message does Wilson convey in the last paragraph? A. Human communication is distinct from animal communication. B. There is much more to discover about communicative complexity. C. Humans are the only species capable of complex communication. D. Animals have no cognitive mechanisms that support communication. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州中学·期中）If a stranger knocked on your door asking for using your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic - it could be rooted in our DNA. This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University, Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33, 882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因) - PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPNP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. They believe that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response. If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1.What might affect people’s trust levels according to the two main theories? A. Childhood habits. B. Personal abilities. C. Social experiences. D. Communication skills. 2.What does the recent study focus on? A. The mental cause of trust. B. The ways to develop survival ability. C. The characteristics of different genes. D. The connection between trust and a gene. 3.What does the passage say about trusting others? A. It could bring health benefits. B. It reduces the strong stress in work. C. It helps to develop the world faster. D. It causes quicker survival response. 4.What might be the best title for the passage? A. A Gene Influences How Trusting You Are B. Experiences Make You Grow Dependable C. A Link Between Biology and Social Science D. Theories That Explain Why You Are Trusted Passage 5 （25-26高一上·江苏南京十三中·期中）Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano. Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质), primarily potassium, sodium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function, nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively. Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu. Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵制) the loss of energy and refill it, researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method. “When there are electrolyte abnormalities, the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.” For ordinary people, the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes. The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The working principle of the device. B. The composition of sweat. C. The function of a particular sensor. D. The balance of the minerals. 2.Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch? A. accurate and popular. B. large and wearable. C. convenient and comfortable. D. reliable and stable. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. The wristwatch has no equal now. B. The product hasn’t hit the market yet. C. The researchers are content with the product. D. The device will be definitely put into extensive use. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks. B. To introduce a new product on monitoring health. C. To inform the readers of the importance of eletrolytes. D. To analyze the relationship between sweat and health. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·江苏南京大学附中·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) models have long gone beyond just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions. Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a lifelike and smooth manner is surprising. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate (准确的) subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video, known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁), independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals. 1.What is the main focus of paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Sora’s strengths. B. Sora’s origins. C. Sora’s development. D. Sora’s popularity. 2.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 4? A. To show Sora’s safety problems. B. To show Sora’s existing weaknesses. C. To show Sora’s perfect performance. D. To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 3.What can we know about Sora up to now? A. It has experienced testing and improvement. B. It has enjoyed great popularity. C. It has made random attacks. D. It has been applied in various industries. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Sora: A perfect text-to-video AI model B. Sora: Better than existing ChatGPT C. Sora: Known as a spacetime patch D. Sora: Lead the way in creating videos 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）Save the rice for cooking, says the phone company, which has finally acknowledged the longstanding “trick” could do more damage. You know the nightmare situation: You dropped your phone in water — be it pool, ocean, or toilet, your worries get the best of you, although iPhone 12’s and onwards are designed to survive 30 minutes of aquatic submersion. In the urgent need of saving your expensive device from potential damage, you remember your friend’s suggestion to throw it in a bag of rice overnight. Supposedly, the grain draws out any remaining water droplets from the smartphone’s tiny crevices, saving its precious circuitry in the process. They swore by it, after all. What is there to lose? Well, as the phone company spotted earlier today, a recently updated document states that this “trick” could actually cause further issues in your phone. “Don’t put your wet phone in a bag of rice,” the company warns in the revised article on its dreaded Liquid Detection Alert, “For doing so could allow small particles of rice to damage your phone,” while the rice starch (淀粉) can block the innards through the device’s small cracks. Besides all that, rice simply isn’t as effective as other materials, such as those silica packets you already should be recycling, anyway. Among the other rumored solutions to avoid, the company advises phone owners not to use an “external heat source” such as a blow dryer, as well as leave the compressed air can in the utility closet. Similarly, trying to stuff cotton swabs, napkins, paper towels, or any other “foreign object” into charging ports could make things worse. So, what should you do if your phone takes a plunge? The company advises a gentle approach in such situations, such as simply tapping the device against your hand “with the connector facing down” to dislodge liquid, then leaving it in an open, dry space with decent airflow for at least 30 minutes. From there, try connecting it to a cable charger. Yes. They really did pull out the trusty “Have you tried turning it on and off again?” line for this one. 1.Which is closest in meaning to “get the best of” in paragraph 2? A. Make full of. B. Make fun of. C. Take care of. D. Take control of. 2.Why is it NOT suggested to put your wet phone in rice? A. Because the rice will damage the inner parts of the phone. B. Because the rice is cheaper and more effective than other materials. C. Because the rice will stick to the phone. D. Because the rice will be wet. 3.What is the suitable way to dry a wet phone according to the phone company? A. Stuffing cotton swabs to absorb the water. B. Leaving it in an open, dry place with constant flowing air. C. Using a blow dryer to heat up the inside. D. Using napkins to dry up the surface. 4.Which can be the best title of this passage? A. Placing wet phone in rice may hurt. B. Rice is a good choice for drying up wet phone. C. Phone 12 is designed water-proof. D. Approaches to dry up your wet phone. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）Most human language tends to take a happy view on life, a new study suggests. A team of scientists used big data techniques to examine a massive amount of data on 10 languages, from Korean Twitter feeds (信息) to Russian literature. They found that the most commonly used words in each language all leaned toward the positive. The research was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The new research builds on some old ideas about language. “The concept has been around for a while that maybe we naturally tend to communicate in a way that encourages us to get along, ” Christopher Danforth, co-author of the study, told Live Science. In 1969, psychologists at the University of Illinois came up with the idea. called the Pollyanna hypothesis (假说), that humans have a universal tendency to use positive words more often than negative ones. But those findings were based on small studies. In the new study, Danforth and his team took a more data-driven approach. The researchers analyzed billions of words from English, Spanish, French, German, Brazilian Portuguese, Korean, Chinese (Simplified), Russian, Indonesian and Arabic. The words came from two dozen types of sources, such as books, news outlets, social media, websites, television and movie subtitles, and music lyrics. The researchers identified about 10, 000 of the most commonly used words for each language, and asked native speakers to rate the happiness of these words on a scale (范围) from 1 to 9, where 9 was a smiling face, 1 was a crying face, and 5 was neutral. For example, English speakers rated the word “laughter” at 8.50 and the word “terrorist” at 1.30. On average, the ratings showed that a Google search of Spanish websites had the highest score for word happiness, followed by Portuguese Google searches, Portuguese Tweets, and English Google Books. Chinese Google Books had the least happy words, followed by Korean movie subtitles and English music lyrics. But across all languages and types of text, the median word happiness score was higher than 5 on the scale of 1 to 9. In other words ,humans use more happy words than sad ones, the researchers said. 1.What would the psychologists in the article probably agree with? A. People all over the world tend to use negative words. B. All human language holds a bright view on life. C. People have a tendency to communicate in a selfish way. D. People around the world prefer happy words to sad ones. 2.In what way is Danforth’s study an improvement over previous studies? A. The number of data. B. The quality of data. C. The object of the study. D. The research environment. 3.How did Danforth and his team conduct their research? A. By classifying languages by topic. B. By interviewing native speakers. C. By rating the happiness of the words. D. By identifying the most happy words, 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The effect of positive languages. B. A feature of human language C. Different ideas on human language. D. The development of human language Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏南京一中·期中）What is IBRANCE? IBRANCE is a prescription medicine used to treat HR+ and HER2- breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Important Safety Information for Patients Before you take TBRANCE, tell your doctor if you:  have fever, chills, or any other signs or symptoms of infection  have liver or kidney problems  have any other medical conditions  are pregnant or plan to become pregnant: IBRANCE can harm your unborn baby. IBRANCE may cause serious side effects, including: Low white blood cell counts. If you develop low white blood cell counts during treatment with IBRANCE your doctor may stop your treatment, decrease your dose, or may tell you to wait to begin your treatment cycle. Tell your doctor right away if you have signs and symptoms of low white blood cell counts or infections such as fever and chills. Common side effects of IBRANCE include:  low red blood cell counts  tiredness  dizziness  bleeding or getting hurt more easily  shortness of breath  sore mouth  nose bleeds  infections  hair thinning or hair loss  loss of appetite IBRANCE may cause fertility problems in males. This may affect your ability to father a child. Talk to your doctor if this is a concern for you. These are not all of the possible side effects of IBRANCE. For more information, ask your doctor. Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or does not go away. Tell your doctor about all of the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. IBRANCE and other medicines may affect each other, causing side effects. Do not drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit products while taking IBRANCE as they may increase the amount of IBRANCE in your blood. Tell your doctor if you start a new medicine. Take IBRANCE exactly as your doctor tells you. If you take too much IBRANCE, call your doctor right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-1088. Can’t afford your medication? Pfizer may be able to help. Visit IBRANCE.com. 1.What will NOT the doctor do if you are found to be suffering from low white blood cell counts? A. Stop you from taking IBRANCE. B. Give you less IBRANCE pills. C. Suspend your current treatment cycle. D. Check all the medicines you are taking now. 2.What may not be caused by IBRANCE? A. Low red blood cell counts. B. Liver or kidney problems. C. Bleeding noses. D. Mouth pains. 3.Which of the following statements is true? A. Treatment with IBRANCE is really expensive, so only rich people can afford this treatment. B. It is all right if one has forgotten to take IBRANCE today. Double the amount to be taken tomorrow. C. If a male wants to become a father in the near future, he should stop taking IBRANCE. D. One can eat whatever they want during treatment with IBRANCE. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·江苏南通中学·期中）Through evolution, animals have developed different ways to protect themselves from predators. Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks release a smelly liquid. But these natural defenses do not work against cars. Environmental writer Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these protections are useless — or even make things worse. Staying still is the most dangerous choice. Roadkill is a major danger to wildlife.” Roads also act as barriers, limiting animals’ freedom to move. The steady flow of traffic on highways creates what experts call a “moving fence” — a continuous stream of vehicles that animals are afraid to cross. While we often see dead animals like deer or squirrels on the road, we don’t see the ones that never attempt to cross. This separation can harm animal groups more than roadkill itself. Chemicals from roads also harm the environment. Every year, the U. S. uses 20 million tons of road salt to melt ice, which pollutes nearby soil and plants. Cars release metals like zinc and copper, and tires leave microplastics behind. These pollutants make roadside areas unsafe for species such as monarch butterflies, even though these zones could otherwise offer useful habitats. Roadsides sometimes attract animals with food sources like flowers or fruits, but this becomes an “ecological trap.” Animals come for the food, only to face the risk of being hit by cars. Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals adapt quickly. Researchers in the Bay Area found that when cars disappeared for months, white-crowned sparrows — a type of small songbird — began singing more complex and varied songs. Without traffic noise, they no longer needed to “shout” and could return to their natural way of communicating. This shows how deeply roads affect wildlife — but also how flexible animals can be. Despite these challenges, Goldfarb points out that some species have learned to cope in remarkable ways. He mentions that urban foxes in Chicago are said to look both ways before crossing the street. “We often think of roads as only harmful to animals, and it’s true they cause a lot of damage,” he says. “But wildlife is also surprisingly adaptive and smart. Animals are finding ways to survive in a human-dominated world.” 1.How does the writer begin this article? A. By giving examples. B. By using numbers. C. By explaining a term. D. By telling a story. 2.According to the text, what harmful effect roads have on animals? A. Less food to eat. B. Less freedom to move. C. Fewer animal habitats. D. More endangered animal species. 3.What can we learn from Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph? A. Roads are not really bad for wildlife. B. City foxes rarely get hit by cars. C. Animals are smart in dealing with roads. D. We should pay more attention to protecting wildlife. 4.Why did the writer write this article? A. To ask people to reduce traffic. B. To explain how roads affect wildlife. C. To remind us that roadkill is very dangerous. D. To teach people how to protect different animals. 主题语境 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·江苏南通中学·期中）Reducing food waste is easy — just ask the students at a school in Woodbridge, America. They have learned to separate their lunch trash like experts. Since the fall of 2019, they have taken part in a program that cuts down food waste. This not only saves money but also reduces the amount of trash that ends up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Actually, this program plays a crucial role in facing up to the challenges of climate change. By reducing food waste, the school minimizes the amount of trash sent to landfills, thus reducing harmful methane emissions (沼气排放). The school’s program is making a significant impact. Each month, it moves over 1,300 pounds of food waste, resulting in an estimated reduction of 772 pounds in CO2 emissions and the production of 180 kilowatt-hours of energy, according to Blue Earth Compost in America. After eating lunch, students go to a special area to separate their trash. Leftover drinks like juice or milk are poured into a large bucket. Juice boxes and plastic bottles are put into another box for recycling. Unopened snacks — like bags of carrots — and whole fruits like apples or bananas are “saved” and placed into a basket marked “Donations.” These are later given to a local senior center. The program does more than help the environment. It lowers the cost of taking away trash because there’s less of it. The students enjoy this green activity and see it as a meaningful game. This shows that when everyone works together, even small actions can lead to big changes — not only in reducing waste, but also in teaching young people to protect our planet. 1.What is the main goal of the food-waste program at the Woodbridge school? A. Reducing harmful gases emissions. B. Donating unused snacks. C. Making the school garden better. D. Saving food for the school. 2.What good result does reducing harmful gases bring? A. It makes food cheaper. B. It helps fight climate change. C. It makes waste handling better. D. It helps produce energy. 3.What does the word “saved” mean in Paragraph 3? A. frozen. B. kept for later use. C. thrown away. D. used in a new way. 4.What does the text say about the program? A. It costs a lot but works well. B. It’s expensive and hard to use. C. It’s easy to do and saves money. D. It only works for big companies. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-中国文化 （25-26高一上·江苏南京师范大学附中·期中）Does studying philosophy (哲学) really make people better thinkers? To test this claim, as researchers, we looked at data from more than 600,000 US college graduates, compared philosophy students with those in every other field, and published our findings in the Journal of the American Philosophical Association. The results were clear. By the end of their senior year, philosophy students did much better than all other students on tests of language and logical reasoning (逻辑推理). They also reported stronger virtues, including curiosity and open-mindedness. Why does philosophy have such an effect? Different from many fields that focus on specific knowledge, philosophy is best understood as a method of research. It asks questions about human life and the universe and then tests possible answers. Doing philosophy means building logical reasoning, recognizing hidden assumptions (假设), and arriving at their often surprising conclusions. These habits of mind enable students to think more clearly and carefully from different aspects. This benefit matters far beyond the classroom. At a time when public trust in higher education is at historic lows and AI is reshaping the workplace, the need for critical thinking has never been greater. AI can generate (生成) information quickly, but it cannot decide what is true or meaningful. If we humans don’t examine AI-generated information, our life is at risk. Our research does not claim that philosophy alone guarantees wisdom or moral virtue. Intellectual (智力上的) skills can be used for selfish purposes as well as for justice. But the evidence showed that studying philosophy helps us develop habits of thought that are measurable and lasting. It gives students the tools to question assumptions, face uncertainty, and make thoughtful choices in an ever-changing world. In short, philosophy is not beyond us — it is a necessity. It trains the mind, strengthens judgment, and prepares people to meet future challenges with courage. 1.How did the researchers carry out the study? A. By interviewing philosophy students. B. By reviewing earlier studies. C. By comparing data of graduates. D. By analyzing graduates’ behavior. 2.What makes philosophy students better thinkers, according to Paragraph 3? A. Their thirst for knowledge. B. Their curiosity for mysteries. C. Their critical thinking skills. D. Their language and logical training. 3.Why does philosophy matter in today’s world? A. It is changing the workplace worldwide. B. It gives us wisdom and a sense of justice. C. It better prepares us for complex realities. D. It helps rebuild public trust in higher education. 4.What can we infer from the text? A. Philosophy matters more than AI in modern society. B. Philosophy students are the smartest among graduates. C. Philosophy students adapt well to the changing workplace. D. We need to study some philosophy to face the uncertain future. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。研究表明学习哲学能提升语言逻辑能力与思维品质，培养应对复杂现实和未来挑战的能力，是不可或缺的素养。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“To test this claim, as researchers, we looked at data from more than 600,000 US college graduates, compared philosophy students with those in every other field, and published our findings in the Journal of the American Philosophical Association.(为验证这一观点，我们作为研究人员分析了超过60万名美国大学毕业生的数据，将哲学专业学生与其他所有学科的学生进行了对比，并在《美国哲学协会期刊》上发表了研究结果)”可推知，研究者是通过对比毕业生的相关数据开展这项研究的。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“Doing philosophy means building logical reasoning, recognizing hidden assumptions (假设), and arriving at their often surprising conclusions. These habits of mind enable students to think more clearly and carefully from different aspects.(学习哲学意味着构建逻辑推理、识别隐藏的假设，并得出往往令人惊讶的结论。这些思维习惯能让学生从不同角度更清晰、缜密地思考)”可推知，哲学专业学生拥有的批判性思维能力让他们成为更优秀的思考者。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“At a time when public trust in higher education is at historic lows and AI is reshaping the workplace, the need for critical thinking has never been greater.(在高等教育的公众信任度处于历史低位、人工智能重塑职场的当下，对批判性思维的需求从未如此迫切)”可推知，哲学培养的批判性思维能挽回公众对高等教育的信任，这是其在当下的重要意义。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“But the evidence showed that studying philosophy helps us develop habits of thought that are measurable and lasting. It gives students the tools to question assumptions, face uncertainty, and make thoughtful choices in an ever-changing world.(但有证据表明，学习哲学有助于我们培养可量化且持久的思维习惯。它能为学生提供工具，去质疑既定假设、直面不确定性，并在这个瞬息万变的世界中做出审慎的选择)”和最后一段“In short, philosophy is not beyond us — it is a necessity. It trains the mind, strengthens judgment, and prepares people to meet future challenges with courage.(简而言之，哲学并非遥不可及——它是一种必需品。它能训练思维、提升判断力，并让人做好准备，以勇气迎接未来的挑战)”可推知，我们需要学习一些哲学来面对充满不确定性的未来。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京师范大学附中·期中）Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like this, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be tricky. People often misread what inviters want to hear and overestimate (高估) their preference for a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we want to figure out the psychology (心理学) behind such awkward social situations. We’ve found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when people understand information in their own way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees believe that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative result of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there are certain situations that make people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When invitees put themselves in the shoes of the inviters, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a clear answer. When people are invited to do something they don’t want to do, they have no desire to keep their options open. While dealing with social situations can be tricky, being direct is sometimes the best. It might reduce your options. But it will keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 1.Why does the author mention “the concert” in Paragraph 1? A. To share a personal social experience. B. To introduce a common social situation. C. To stress the importance of quick replies. D. To explain the background of invitations. 2.People’s response “maybe” to invitations is mainly due to__________ A. an underestimation of refusal results B. a lack of honesty and respect for inviters C. a failure to understand inviters’ psychology D. a misunderstanding of invitation information 3.What does the author seem to express in the last paragraph? A. Think twice before refusing an invitation. B. Communicate regularly to keep the peace. C. Accept invitations to avoid disappointment. D. Respond clearly instead of keeping options open. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why “maybe” is not a wise choice B. How “maybe” harms our friendships C. The power of saying “no” to invitations D. “Maybe”: a smart solution to invitations 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文指出收到“Maybe”回复令人恼火，分析其源于人们误解邀请者心理、高估拒绝后果。作者建议应换位思考，直接明确地回复（Yes/No），这才是更尊重、更明智的社交方式。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.(想象一下，你获得了两张即将售罄的演唱会门票，并兴奋地发短信询问朋友们是否愿意一同前往。收到的回复是“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变得复杂起来，因为你得等待他们的决定，然后再来确定参加这场演唱会的计划)”以及第二段“If you’ve experienced anything like this, you’re not alone.(如果你有过类似的经历，那么你绝非个例)”可知，作者在第一段中提及“这场音乐会”是为了介绍一种常见的社会现象。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Naturally, we want to figure out the psychology (心理学) behind such awkward social situations. We’ve found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when people understand information in their own way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees believe that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative result of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.(当然，我们想要探究这类尴尬社交场景背后的心理原因。我们发现，这主要是由于一种叫做“动机性推理”的现象所致。动机性推理指的是人们以符合自身意愿的方式去理解信息。换句话说，受邀者会认为邀请者希望听到“也许”而非“不行”，因为“也许”对受邀者更有利，能让他们保持选择的余地。此外，人们往往会高估拒绝邀请所带来的负面后果，认为这会让邀请者感到沮丧、愤怒和失望)”可知，人们对于邀请的回应“或许”这种态度，主要是由于未能理解邀请者的心理所致。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“While dealing with social situations can be tricky, being direct is sometimes the best. It might reduce your options. But it will keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(尽管处理社交场合可能会有些棘手，但直截了当有时却是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择余地。但这样做能避免对方产生困惑，而且说不定他们还会在下次音乐会举办时想起你呢)”可知，作者在最后一段似乎想要表达的是清晰回应而非保留选择的余地。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.(想象一下，你获得了两张即将售罄的演唱会门票，并兴奋地发短信询问朋友们是否愿意一同前往。收到的回复是“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变得复杂起来，因为你得等待他们的决定，然后再来确定参加这场演唱会的计划)”可知，本文指出收到“Maybe”回复令人恼火，分析其源于人们误解邀请者心理、高估拒绝后果。作者建议应换位思考，直接明确地回复（Yes/No），这才是更尊重、更明智的社交方式。可知，A选项“为何Maybe并非明智之举”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏海安高级中学·期中）Jennifer Destefano answered a call from a number she did not recognize. “Mom, these bad men have me,” her daughter’s voice told her, crying. A man continued to demand money, or he would drug her daughter and leave her in Mexico. But while she kept him on the phone, friends managed to reach her daughter, only to discover that she was free and well on a skiing trip in Arizona. The voice used on the phone was a fake (冒充品). In fact, voice cloning has far-reaching influences. A brief sample of a particular individual voice can be used to train an AI model, which can then speak any given text sounding like that person. The feature is to be included in iPhone’s new operating system IOS 17 to help people who may be in danger of losing their voices. ElevenLabs, an AI startup, offers users the chance to create their own clones in minutes. When generating a recording, the system also offers a controller that allows users to choose between variability, a lifelike intonation (语调), and stability, similar to a calm newsreader, both accurate. With cloning coming, voices claiming to be someone may prove to be fakes. That disturbs financial industry (金融业), which uses voice as an important identification. In journalism, fewer people will trust news based on recordings. The opposite problem will arise when public figures refuse to admit their genuine recordings. Now, ever more people caught up in illegal behaviors will be attracted by the defence, “It wasn’t me.” Creative industries could face challenges too. Voice actors’ skills, trained over a lifetime, can be taken away in a matter of seconds. The Telegraph recently reported on actors who had mistakenly given up rights to their voices, making it possible to clone them for nothing. But as the old saying goes, a coin has two sides. Val Kilmer, who has lost much of his voice to throat cancer, was delighted to have his voice restored for Top Gun: Maverick. And some others may be spared heading to the studio for retakes. 1.Why does the author talk about Destefano’s experience? A. To explain why Destefano was cheated. B. To praise a mother’s love for her daughter. C. To teach people how to recognize fake voices. D. To draw readers’ attention to voice cloning. 2.What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A. Cloning voices can be variously styled. B. IOS trains people disabled in speaking. C. Cloning one’s voice is time-consuming. D. AI learns human voice from texts. 3.What impact may voice cloning make? A. Financial industry will abandon voice identification. B. Broadcasting will disappear in journalism. C. Criminals use it as an excuse to escape punishment. D. Public figures dare not make recordings. 4.What is voice cloning’s influence in creative industries? A. Disastrous. B. Double edged. C. Beneficial. D. Short-termed. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语音克隆技术的现实应用和潜在风险。语音克隆技术可以通过简短的语音样本来训练人工智能模型，使其能够模仿特定人的声音。然而，语音克隆也带来了身份验证问题，特别是在金融行业和新闻业，以及对配音演员等创意产业从业者的影响。尽管存在风险，语音克隆技术也为某些情况下的声音恢复提供了可能。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Jennifer Destefano answered a call from a number she did not recognize. “Mom, these bad men have me,” her daughter’s voice told her, crying. A man continued to demand money, or he would drug her daughter and leave her in Mexico. But while she kept him on the phone, friends managed to reach her daughter, only to discover that she was free and well on a skiing trip in Arizona. The voice used on the phone was a fake (冒充品). (Jennifer Destefano接了一个她不认识的号码打来的电话。“妈妈，这些坏人抓住了我，”女儿的声音哭着告诉她。一个男人继续向她要钱，否则他就给她的女儿下药，把她留在墨西哥。但是，当她让他打电话时，朋友们设法联系上了她的女儿，却发现她在亚利桑那州滑雪旅行中很自由。电话里的声音是假的。)”可知，作者叙述了Destefano被冒充女儿声音的电话所骗的经过，然后指出声音是假的，文章后文围绕语音克隆技术展开。由此推知，作者谈到Destefano的经历是为了引起读者对语音克隆的注意。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When generating a recording, the system also offers a controller that allows users to choose between variability, a lifelike intonation (语调), and stability, similar to a calm newsreader, both accurate. (当生成录音时，系统还提供了一个控制器，允许用户在可变性(逼真的语调)和稳定性(类似于平静的新闻播音员)之间进行选择，两者都很准确。)”可知，生成的录音可以由用户自己选择可变性和稳定性，由此可知，克隆语音可以有多种风格。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, ever more people caught up in illegal behaviors will be attracted by the defence, “It wasn’t me.” (现在，越来越多被卷入非法行为的人会被“不是我”的辩护吸引。)”可知，克隆语音可能导致罪犯用它作为逃避惩罚的借口。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Creative industries could face challenges too. Voice actors’ skills, trained over a lifetime, can be taken away in a matter of seconds. (创意产业也可能面临挑战。配音演员的技能，经过了一辈子的训练，可以在几秒钟内消失。)”和“But as the old saying goes, a coin has two sides. Val Kilmer, who has lost much of his voice to throat cancer, was delighted to have his voice restored for Top Gun: Maverick. And some others may be spared heading to the studio for retakes. (但正如那句老话所说，硬币有两面。Val Kilmer因喉癌失去了大部分声音，他很高兴能在《壮志凌云：独行侠》中恢复声音。还有一些人可能就不用去摄影棚重拍了。)”可知，语音克隆可能会夺走配音演员来之不易的技能，但也能帮助一些不幸失去声音的人恢复声音，避免摄影棚的重拍工作。由此可知，语音克隆对创意产业的影响是一把双刃剑。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）Teenage sailors have been making headlines. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention — and sponsors. Young sailors also attract divided opinions. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the local government to cancel her voyage; yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seems there is confusion about the ability and independence of young people. Consider the case of the Dutch girl, Laura Dekker. When her father agreed to her making a solo (独自的) voyage at age 13, the Dutch Council for Child Care prevented it. The World Sailing Speed Record Council also moved to discourage very young sailors by abolishing (废除) their age-based records in early 2009. So community control of children under 16 years already happens. Teenage brains, the popular psychologists tell us, are likely to make wrong judgments. But such generalizations often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussing with the relevant, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it is also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can gain achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. This can have the opposite effect of making them feel incapable because remarkable accomplishments are beyond them. Teenage sailors should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. But nor should “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to achieve extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing over-stresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1.What do we know about Jessica Watson? A. She wanted to attract potential sponsors. B. She successfully completed her voyage. C. She was discouraged by the Prime Minister. D. She worked as a sailor for the local government. 2.Why does the author mention the Dutch girl in Para 2? A. To praise her for her bravery. B. To stress she was overprotected. C. To show community control over teenage sailors. D. To explain the common independence of young people. 3.What does the underlined word “generalizations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. controls B. experiences C. faults D. opinions 4.What does the author think of teenagers’ independence? A. It is closely related to their age. B. It often leads to wrong judgments. C. It is developed through independent journeys. D. It differs hugely from individual to individual. 5.What is the author’s attitude towards teenage sailors? A. objective B. indifferent C. subjective D. doubtful 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，探讨了社会对青少年航海者的看法，以及对青少年能力和独立性认识的分歧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the local government to cancel her voyage; yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned.(例如，杰西卡·沃森被当地政府要求取消她的航行；然而当她返回时，总理称她为“澳大利亚年轻人的英雄”。)”可知，她成功地完成了航行。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Consider the case of the Dutch girl, Laura Dekker. When her father agreed to her making a solo (独自的) voyage at age 13, the Dutch Council for Child Care prevented it.(拿荷兰女孩Laura Dekker举个例子，她的父亲同意她13岁独自航行，但荷兰儿童护理委员会阻止了这一行为。)”可知，本段提到荷兰女孩是为了表明社会对青少年航海者有控制。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。第三段中提到“Teenage brains, the popular psychologists tell us, are likely to make wrong judgments. But such generalizations often do not apply to specific individuals.(流行心理学家告诉我们，青少年的大脑可能会做出错误的判断，但这种generalizations通常不适用于特定个体。)”，这里的“generalizations”指的是上文流行心理学家的“观点”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。第三段提到“Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussing with the relevant, responsible adults.(青少年的独立性在14岁到18岁之间差异很大，应该通过与相关、负责任的成年人讨论来决定，而不仅仅是由年龄决定。)”，这说明作者认为青少年的独立性因人而异。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Teenage sailors should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. But nor should “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to achieve extraordinary personal goals.(青少年航海者不应该被事先对年轻人的看法所评判，“普通”青少年不应该感到必须实现非凡的个人目标的压力。)”可知，作者对青少年航海者的态度是客观的。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）If you are longing for a hike in Alaska and aren’t sure where to star, here are our favorites. There’s something for all levels of skills and ambitions. The Kenai River Trail A half mile down this trail are wonderful views of the Kenai River Canyon. There are really two trailheads(小道的起点); the main “upper” trail starts at mile 0.6 of Skilak Lake Rd, and the other at mile 2.3. Turnagain Arm Trail This 11-mile hike begins at Potter Trailhead (Mile 115). Initially used by Alaska Natives, the trail, can also be accessible to points along the way: McHugh Creck (Mile 112), Rainbow (Mile 108) and Windy (Mile 107). Iditarod National Historic Trail The National Historic Iditarod Trail is a 24-mile hike used by gold miners and sled-dog teams until 1918, when the Alaska Railroad was finished. It’s a two-to-three day hike through superb mountain scenery to Girdwood (where it’s known as the Crow Pass Trail), and is the region’s best backpack adventure. Put up a tent at Echo Bend (Mile 3), or rent one of two yurts(毡房) ($65 per night) close by. For a shorter outing you can turn around at the Perch, then return to the Dew Mound Trail at Echo Bend and then to the Nature Center, making this a scenic 8-mile trip. Reed Lakes Trail Two alpine lakes, waterfalls, glaciers and towering granite(花岗岩) walls: the 7-to-9-mile Reed Lakes Trail is one of the most wonderful hikes in the region, and worth the climb. Once you reach upper Reed Lake, continue 1 mile to Bomber Glacier, where the ruin of a B-29 bomber lies in memorial to six men who died in a 1957 crash. 1.Which route was originally used by Alaska Natives? A. The Kenai River Trail. B. Tunagain Arm Trail. C. Iditarod National Historic Trail. D. Reed Lakes Trail. 2.What will visitors see at Bomber Glacier? A. A memorial to six heroes. B. A tower made of granite. C. One of the most splendid waterfalls. D. The ruin of a B-29 bomber. 3.Who will be more interested in the text? A. Nature photographers. B. Sports lovers. C. Field researchers. D. Alaska explorers. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几条适合在阿拉斯加徒步旅行的线路。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Turnagain Arm Trail中“Initially used by Alaska Natives, the trail, can also be accessible to points along the way:”（这条步道最初由阿拉斯加原住民使用，现在沿途也可以到达）可知，阿拉斯加原住民最初使用Turnagain Arm Trail这条路线。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Once you reach upper Reed Lake, continue 1 mile to Bomber Glacier, where the ruin of a B-29 bomber lies in memorial to six men who died in a 1957 crash.”（到达里德湖上游后，继续1英里到达轰炸机冰川(Bomber Glacier)，那里有一架B-29轰炸机的残骸，以纪念在1957年的空难中丧生的6名男子。）可知，游客在轰炸机冰川会看到一架B-29轰炸机的残骸。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“If you are longing for a hike in Alaska and aren’t sure where to star, here are our favorites. There’s something for all levels of skills and ambitions.”（如果你渴望在阿拉斯加徒步旅行，但不确定从哪里开始，这里是我们的最爱。有适合各种技能和雄心的东西。）可知，体育爱好者可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中）Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2.What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. What encourages bacterial growth. B. How sponges are exactly structured. C. How bacteria grow independently. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3.What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Poorly adaptive. B. Relatively harmless. C. Partly distributed. D. Surprisingly unpleasant. 4.What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Evidence of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria. C. Methods to help bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list.(细菌知道如何在地球上顽强生存。不过，问它们最希望定居在何处的话，厨房用的海绵可能会高居榜首。)”可知，厨房用的海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。)”可知，Lingchong You发现了是什么能促进细菌的生长。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段““The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(Quinlan说：“海绵上的绝大多数细菌并不会使人患病，它们只会让海绵散发出异味。”)”可知，Quinlan认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(如果有害细菌真的出现在现场，这种海绵特殊的结构特性就会使其成为细菌滋生和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明有害细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中）Starting with the new school year, students in 17 more US states will face new cellphone rules, bringing the total to 35 out of 50 states. Among these states, some ban (禁止) phones throughout the whole school day, while others only ban them during class, allowing use between classes or at lunch. This change has come remarkably quickly, as Florida became the first state in the country to pass such a law in 2023. The number of states adopting rules or laws to limit phone use is growing with rising public support. According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in June, 74 percent of US adults said they would support banning middle and high school students from using cellphones during class, up from 68 percent last fall. However, this support didn’t come out of nowhere. Writer Gail Cornwall noted in The Atlantic magazine that having a phone nearby reduces interaction with others because notifications (通知) make people want to check their phones. Teenagers find it even harder to resist this urge because their brains are still developing. The urge (欲望) to check phones isn’t just about the brain; it’s also social. Cornwall explained that many teens feel they need to be online all the time to keep up with friends. Being slow to respond can hurt friendships, causing “digital stress”, which can lead to lack of focus and even depression. For students, the rules have added new school-day routines. “Most of them did not want to turn in their phones” at first, a student at McNair High School in Atlanta said. Now, that resentment (怨恨) is starting to fade. Teachers appreciate the ban. Surveys by Emory University showed that teachers had noticed better concentration and more positive interactions among students. However, some experts said it’s not yet clear whether the ban has long-term benefits. Meanwhile, many parents are against the ban. The US National Parental Union said that parents’ main concern is keeping their children safe during school emergencies. They believe direct communication with their children is important because schools often fail to communicate effectively. The debate continues, but school smartphone bans reflect growing concerns about youth mental health and school performance. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By introducing a policy change. B. By comparing different cases. C. By explaining the background. D. By presenting different opinions. 2.What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A. The negative effects of phone usage. B. The causes of dependence on phones. C. The social functions of mobile phones. D. The urgency of banning phone usage. 3.What do the surveys by Emory University suggest about the phone ban? A. They are being accepted by students. B. They have achieved positive outcomes. C. They are well implemented by teachers. D. They can be effective in the long run. 4.What is the main reason many parents oppose the phone ban? A. They doubt its benefits for mental health. B. They don’t believe it can solve the root problem. C. They are worried about their children’s safety. D. They think it will affect parent-child relationships. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国校园手机禁令的快速推广，包括实施原因、短期效果以及家长因安全隐患提出的反对意见。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Starting with the new school year, students in 17 more US states will face new cellphone rules, bringing the total to 35 out of 50 states. (随着新学年开始，美国又有17个州的学生将面临新的手机使用规定，使总数达到50个州中的35个。)”可知，作者以关于美国学校扩大手机限制的事实陈述开始，通过介绍一项政策变化引入主题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Writer Gail Cornwall noted in The Atlantic magazine that having a phone nearby reduces interaction with others because notifications (通知) make people want to check their phones. Teenagers find it even harder to resist this urge because their brains are still developing. (作家Gail Cornwall在《大西洋月刊》上指出，把手机放在附近会减少与他人的互动，因为通知会让人们想查看手机。青少年更难抗拒这种冲动，因为他们的大脑还在发育。)”和第四段“The urge (欲望) to check phones isn’t just about the brain; it’s also social. Cornwall explained that many teens feel they need to be online all the time to keep up with friends. Being slow to respond can hurt friendships, causing “digital stress”, which can lead to lack of focus and even depression. (查看手机的冲动不仅仅与大脑有关；它还具有社交性。Cornwall解释说，许多青少年觉得他们需要一直上网，以便与朋友保持联系。回复慢会伤害友谊，造成“数字压力”，导致注意力不集中甚至抑郁。)”可知，这两段主要从大脑发育和社交压力两个方面讨论了青少年依赖手机的原因。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Surveys by Emory University showed that teachers had noticed better concentration and more positive interactions among students. (埃默里大学的调查显示，教师注意到学生之间的注意力更集中，互动也更积极。)”可知，埃默里大学的调查表明，手机禁令已取得积极效果。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第七段中“The US National Parental Union said that parents’ main concern is keeping their children safe during school emergencies. They believe direct communication with their children is important because schools often fail to communicate effectively. (美国全国家长联盟表示，家长们最关心的是在学校发生紧急情况时保证孩子的安全。他们认为与孩子的直接沟通很重要，因为学校经常不能有效地沟通。)”可知，许多家长反对手机禁令的主要原因是担心孩子的安全。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏盐城五校联考·期中）Technology has influenced art greatly. It has opened up so many opportunities for artists and has increased the number of techniques that artists can use. Artists can now “paint” on an iPad just as well as they can on paper with a paintbrush and paint. Artists give their opinions on how technology has changed art, and how they have counted on technology. Ms. Teresa, a dance teacher at the Hamilton Heights Elementary School, said, “I love dance because it is non-technological, but technology has improved my teaching practice and made it easier to share the world of dance with my students.” Ms. Teresa shares how she is able to share her passion (激情) with her students more efficiently with the use of technology and how it has given her students more chances to study many dance styles. Thanks to technology, we are presented with so much knowledge, and so many new techniques. “Graphic design (平面设计), computer-generated paintings, Photoshop, digitally created music, e-books, and 3D printing—to name just a few!” Technology has undoubtedly influenced art across different mediums. The website Art Thou explains all the ways art has adapted to technology. “Techniques, such as video software and digital colors, are a far cry from the traditional tools of the paintbrush.” Along with these amazing benefits, technology has also had negative effects on art. Some think digital art is unreal. Art Thou says, “Famous paintings are being reproduced and adjusted (调整) by graphic designers at an increasing rate.” With designers continuously adjusting and reproducing art, the originality of an art piece such as Mona Lisa could be taken away. It is also possible that digital art can take away the creative aspect of art. Art Thou explains, “Technology has however arguably weakened creativity as artists are appealed to by the huge technological power. Given these disadvantages, it depends on how artists use the technology. They must once again become the master of these tools and techniques so that they can translate their vision and creativity and the final result truly reflects their personality.” 1.How does technology help artists according to the author? A. By giving them more inspiration. B. By helping them work effectively. C. By offering them more possibilities. D. By providing better painting mediums. 2.What do Ms. Teresa’s words in paragraph 2 show? A. Technology makes art teaching easier. B. Art depends too much on technology now. C. Technology helps people find their passion. D. Art exchanges become increasingly important. 3.What does the author want to stress with the example of Mona Lisa? A. The loss of art paintings’ original meaning. B. Recognition of graphic designers’ creativity. C. Artists’ attitudes towards technological power. D. Technology’s influence on artworks’ originality. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The influence of technology on art. B. The challenges faced by creative arts. C. The use of technology in different ways. D. The strengths and weaknesses of technology. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科技对艺术产生的双重影响——既为艺术家提供了更多创作机会和技术手段，也带来了艺术原创性受损、创造力削弱等负面问题，并指出艺术家应掌握科技工具以平衡其利弊。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Technology has influenced art greatly. It has opened up so many opportunities for artists and has increased the number of techniques that artists can use.(科技对艺术产生了重大影响。它为艺术家们开辟了众多机会，还增加了艺术家们可以运用的技巧数量)”可知，科技为艺术家开启了更多机会，即提供更多可能性。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段Ms. Teresa说的话“technology has improved my teaching practice and made it easier to share the world of dance with my students(技术提升了我的教学实践，让我能更轻松地与学生分享舞蹈世界)”可知，Ms. Teresa意在说明技术使她的教学变得容易，是科技辅助艺术教学的具体体现。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Famous paintings are being reproduced and adjusted by graphic designers at an increasing rate. With designers continuously adjusting and reproducing art, the originality of an art piece such as Mona Lisa could be taken away.(著名画作正以越来越快的速度被平面设计师复制和调整。随着设计师不断对艺术作品进行调整和复制，像《蒙娜丽莎》这样的艺术作品的原创性可能会丧失)”可知，作者用《蒙娜丽莎》的例子是为了说明科技导致艺术作品的原创性受损，即原创性受到科技影响。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。本文的首段中的“Technology has influenced art greatly. It has opened up so many opportunities for artists and has increased the number of techniques that artists can use.(科技对艺术产生了重大影响。它为艺术家们开辟了诸多机会，还增加了艺术家们可运用的技巧数量)”是全文主旨句，即“科技影响艺术”，后文围绕它进行展开，A项表示“技术对艺术的影响”，和主旨句相吻合。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡天一中学·期中）Instant noodles are a favorite quick meal when people don’t want to cook. Picture eating them while watching TV on a stormy night — pure comfort But many believe they’re just junk food that harms health. The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them. The main issue isn’t the noodles themselves, but the common way people make them: pouring boiling water over dried noodles and adding all the salt seasoning packets. These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy. Actually, plain instant noodles aren’t terrible. They’re fried during production (which adds some oil and calories), but they fill you up well and provide quick energy when you’re hungry. To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal. So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning (调料) and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus vegetables and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method! 1.What determines whether instant noodles are unhealthy or not? A. The cooking time. B. The time of eating. C. The preparation method. D. The balanced seasoning. 2.What is the major cause of unhealthy instant noodles? A. The dried noodles. B. The flavor packets. C. The boiling water. D. The amount of oil. 3.What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A. To defend instant noodles. B. To list harmful additives. C. To warn about health dangers. D. To give cooking instructions. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Instant noodles are hard to cook. B. Instant noodles are a perfect meal. C. Instant noodles are not all waste. D. The less instant noodles, the healthier. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了方便面是否健康取决于烹饪方法，合理烹饪可使其成为均衡饮食的一部分。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The truth is, whether they’re unhealthy depends entirely on how you prepare them.(事实上，它们是否不健康完全取决于你如何准备它们。)”可知，方便面是否不健康取决于烹饪方法。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The main issue isn’t the noodles themselves, but the common way people make them: pouring boiling water over dried noodles and adding all the salt seasoning packets. These flavor packets contain high levels of salt and artificial additives (人工添加剂), making this version unbalanced and unhealthy.(主要问题不在于面条本身，而在于人们制作面条的常见方式：将开水倒在干面条上，然后加入所有的盐调味包。这些调味包含有高水平的盐和人工添加剂，使得这种版本不平衡和不健康。)”可知，不健康的方便面的主要原因是调味包。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“To make them healthier, cook them properly: boil the noodles first, drain excess starchy (含有淀粉的) water, then use fresh water or broth (肉汤). Crucially, use only half the seasoning packet to reduce salt. Add vegetables like spinach or carrots and protein like an egg or tofu while cooking. This boosts vitamins and protein while cutting sodium (钠). This transforms them into a balanced meal.(为了使它们更健康，要正确烹饪：先把面条煮熟，排出多余的淀粉水，然后用清水或肉汤。至关重要的是，只使用一半的调味包来减少盐。烹饪时加入菠菜或胡萝卜等蔬菜和鸡蛋或豆腐等蛋白质。这增加了维生素和蛋白质，同时减少了钠。这使它们变成了一顿均衡的饭。)”可知，第三段的主要目的是给出烹饪说明。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, are instant noodles junk food? If prepared lazily with all the seasoning (调料) and no extras, yes. But when cooked with less seasoning plus vegetables and protein, they become a decent occasional meal. Remember: the secret is variety. Enjoy them once or twice a week as part of a diverse diet, and they won’t harm your health. They’re far less scary than people think — just upgrade your cooking method!(那么，方便面是垃圾食品吗？如果懒惰地用所有的调味料，不加任何配料，是的。但是当用较少的调味料加上蔬菜和蛋白质烹饪时，它们就变成了一顿不错的偶尔吃的饭。记住：秘诀在于多样化。作为多样化饮食的一部分，每周吃一两次，它们不会对你的健康有害。它们远没有人们想象的那么可怕——只要升级你的烹饪方法就可以了!)”可推知，方便面并不全是垃圾食品。故选C。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京航空航天大学苏州附中·期中）Cows produce much methane (甲烷) the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food. Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They added a small amount of seaweed to the cows’ food. The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows. But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day. Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis. 1.Why did the researchers carry out the study? A. To test the effects of the seaweed. B. To discover healthier grass for cows. C. To improve the cows’ living conditions. D. To measure the amount of methane in the world. 2.What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A. The background of the subject. B. The results of the study. C. The content of the experiment. D. The process of the research. 3.What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion? A. Seaweed is not as tasty as grass. B. Seaweed is dying out in the world. C. Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily. D. Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the findings? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们已经证明，通过在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，可以减少来自牛的污染。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food.(他们用了少量的海藻，把海藻和牛的食物混合在一起)”及第三段中的“The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.(结果出人意料地好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给奶牛的食物种类。即使是污染最严重的奶牛也少产生33%的甲烷)”可知，研究人员进行这项研究是为了测试海藻的影响。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.(结果出人意料地好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给奶牛的食物种类。即使是污染最严重的奶牛产生的甲烷也减少了33%。在五个月的时间里，科学家们没有看到任何迹象表明奶牛的胃已经习惯了海藻，并开始再次产生更多的甲烷。更重要的是，喂食海藻的奶牛和其他奶牛增重一样多)”可知，第三段主要讲的是这项研究的结果。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.(一个更大的问题是，奶牛一生中大部分时间都生活在田野里，在那里它们吃草。这意味着没有机会每天喂它们海藻)”可知，研究人员认为最大的挑战是奶牛很难每天吃到海藻。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.(尽管如此，正如研究表明的那样，像给奶牛喂海藻这样简单的事情可以帮助减少导致气候危机的一些污染)”可知，作者认为给牛喂海藻可以减少污染。由此推知，作者对这些发现的态度是积极的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏盐城五校联考·期中）In a study, researchers at Royal Holloway University of London and Virginia Tech studied honeybees’ behavior across 20 honeybee groups in London and nearby agricultural areas. The information told the researchers that foraging trip distances (觅食之旅的距离) of honeybees were short in city areas compared to those in agricultural areas. The researchers carried out their study between April and September 2017, across 20 sites: 10 in central London to represent city land and 10 in agricultural land. They found that the waggle dance (摇摆舞) is unique to honeybees, who send messages about the location of flower resources to the hive (蜂房). When honeybees return to the hive with food, instead of immediately leaving to forage again, they will repeat a particular figure-eight dance. Researchers then studied their movements and mapped out where the bees had been. The researchers also found no significant difference in the amount of sugar collected by the city and countryside bees, which showed that the longer foraging distances in countryside areas were not driven by faraway nectar (花蜜) rich resources. The findings support the idea that cities are hot spots for social bees, with gardens providing plentiful resources. In agricultural areas, it is likely harder for honeybees to find food, so they have to go further before they find enough food to bring back to the hive. The researchers warn that because city areas make up a small percentage of total land cover, they are unlikely to be enough to support all bee populations. Professor Leadbeater, the author of the study, said, “Protection efforts should be made to increase the number of flowers that don’t bear fruits in agricultural areas. This would increase the amount of food available (可获得的) across the season and landscape and reduce bees’ dependence on small numbers of seasonal flowering crops.” Because the study focused on honeybees, the researchers warn that the findings will not suit all bee species. As for many other kinds of bees, they are susceptible to their nearby environment. The existence of some special host plants or nesting sites will be important to determine whether cities are valuable homes. 1.What can be learned about honeybees’ waggle dance? A. It is a celebration of getting enough food. B. It is a sign of inviting friends to their hives. C. It is used for communicating food resources. D. It is performed differently in different places. 2.What is the key factor that influences the foraging trip distances? A. Human activity. B. Food availability. C. The type of nectar. D. The number of hives. 3.What did Professor Leadbeater suggest? A. Increasing the number of parks. B. Planting more non-crop flowers. C. Improving city areas’ land cover. D. Reducing seasonal flowering crops. 4.What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph mean? A. Adaptable. B. Blind. C. Familiar. D. Sensitive. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦皇家霍洛威大学和弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员对蜜蜂觅食行为的研究，发现城市地区蜜蜂的觅食距离较短，并探讨了其原因，同时对保护蜜蜂提出了建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers carried out their study between April and September 2017, across 20 sites: 10 in central London to represent city land and 10 in agricultural land. They found that the waggle dance (摇摆舞) is unique to honeybees, who send messages about the location of flower resources to the hive (蜂房).(研究人员于2017年4月至9月在20个地点进行了研究：10个位于伦敦市中心，代表城市土地；10个位于农业用地。他们发现，摇摆舞是蜜蜂独有的，它们向蜂巢发送有关花卉资源位置的信息。)”可知，蜜蜂的摇摆舞是用来交流食物资源的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The findings support the idea that cities are hot spots for social bees, with gardens providing plentiful resources. In agricultural areas, it is likely harder for honeybees to find food, so they have to go further before they find enough food to bring back to the hive.(研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即城市是社会性蜜蜂的热点地区，花园提供了丰富的资源。在农业地区，蜜蜂可能更难找到食物，所以它们必须走得更远才能找到足够的食物带回蜂巢。)”可知，影响觅食距离的关键因素是食物的可用性。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Protection efforts should be made to increase the number of flowers that don’t bear fruits in agricultural areas. This would increase the amount of food available across the season and landscape and reduce bees’ dependence on small numbers of seasonal flowering crops.(应该采取保护措施，增加农业地区不结果实的花朵数量。这将增加整个季节和景观的食物供应量，并减少蜜蜂对少量季节性开花作物的依赖。)”可知，Leadbeater教授建议种植更多的非作物花卉。故选B。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据上文“Because the study focused on honeybees, the researchers warn that the findings will not suit all bee species.(因为这项研究关注的是蜜蜂，研究人员警告说，这些发现并不适用于所有蜜蜂物种。)”可知，许多其他种类的蜜蜂对周围环境很敏感，由此可知，susceptible意为“敏感的”。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）The education technology (edtech) industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with investment (投资) in this field increasing more than forty times over the last decade. As a result, the market is being flooded with new tools and new edtech companies, making it hard for school leaders and teachers to figure out which tools will actually work best in the classroom. “Only 11% of education decision makers were looking at any type of evidence to make a purchasing decision on an edtech tool,” said Isabelle Hau, executive director of the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, an organization that helps improve how well children and adults learn. “And only 7% of edtech tools around the world have any kind of strict, dependable evidence that they work.” Besides the lack of research on which tools help students get better grades in this fast-growing edtech field, making sure everyone can get these tools fairly is also challenging. “Many of these tools aren’t shared fairly. This has to do with who pays the money for them and how the money is provided,” Ms. Hau explained. “Around the world, there’s still a huge divide in how easy it is for people in different places to use digital tools (like computers and tablets).” Hau joins GSE Dean Dan Schwartz and Senior Lecturer Denise Pope as they discuss edtech’s rocketing growth, what’s driving that growth, and how school leaders, the government, and other organizations can help teachers get the tools that will best serve their students. “A lot of people are working on it, including us, of course, because we have a big role to play in improving learning outcomes for children and educators,” Hau said. She also shared tips and resources for businessmen looking to get into the edtech space. “You need to start small, and you need to start with a handful of partners that love your solution. And then from there you can expect to grow in size.” 1.What might be the school leaders’ concern about edtech tools? A. Originality. B. Effectiveness. C. Safety. D. Convenience. 2.What does the underlined part “a huge divide” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. The inequality in access to digital tools. B. The difference in the quality of edtech products. C. The gap in digital skills between teachers and students. D. The imbalance in educational development across regions. 3.What is Hau’s suggestion for businessmen interested in edtech? A. Dream big. B. Seek investment. C. Be practical. D. Be independent. 4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend edtech products and services. B. To complain about the poor quality of edtech tools. C. To provide detailed guidance on choosing edtech tools. D. To expose the challenges in the fast-growing edtech field. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了教育科技行业发展迅速，但学校领导面临工具选择难题，且公平获取工具也具有挑战性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“The education technology (edtech) industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with investment (投资) in this field increasing more than forty times over the last decade. As a result, the market is being flooded with new tools and new edtech companies, making it hard for school leaders and teachers to figure out which tools will actually work best in the classroom.(近年来，教育科技行业发展迅猛，过去十年间，该领域的投资增长了四十多倍。因此，市场上充斥着各种新工具和新成立的教育科技公司，这使得学校领导者和教师难以判断哪些工具在课堂上能真正发挥最佳效果。)”可知，学校领导和教师很难弄清楚哪些工具在课堂上最有效，即他们担心教育科技工具的有效性。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Many of these tools aren’t shared fairly. This has to do with who pays the money for them and how the money is provided,” Ms. Hau explained. “Around the world, there’s still a huge divide in how easy it is for people in different places to use digital tools (like computers and tablets).”(Hau女士解释道：“许多工具并没有得到公平共享。这关系到谁来为这些工具买单，以及资金是如何提供的。”“在全球范围内，不同地区的人们使用数字工具（如电脑和平板电脑）的便利程度仍存在a huge divide。”)”可知，此处指世界各地的人们使用数字工具的难易程度存在巨大差距，即数字工具获取的不平等性，a huge divide的意思是“数字工具获取的不平等性”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She also shared tips and resources for businessmen looking to get into the edtech space. “You need to start small, and you need to start with a handful of partners that love your solution. And then from there you can expect to grow in size.”(她还为有意进入教育科技领域的商人分享了建议和资源。“你需要从小处着手，你需要从一些喜欢你的解决方案的合作伙伴开始。然后从那里你可以期待规模的增长。”)”可知，Hau建议有意进入教育科技领域的商人要从小处着手，务实一些。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“As a result, the market is being flooded with new tools and new edtech companies, making it hard for school leaders and teachers to figure out which tools will actually work best in the classroom.(因此，市场上充斥着各种新工具和新成立的教育科技公司，这使得学校领导者和教师难以判断哪些工具在课堂上能真正发挥最佳效果。)”以及第三段中“Besides the lack of research on which tools help students get better grades in this fast-growing edtech field, making sure everyone can get these tools fairly is also challenging.(除了在这个快速增长的教育科技领域缺乏关于哪些工具能帮助学生取得更好成绩的研究之外，确保每个人都能公平地获得这些工具也是一个挑战。)”可知，文章主要介绍了教育科技行业快速发展带来的挑战，包括学校领导和教师难以选择有效的工具，以及确保公平获取这些工具的挑战。作者的目的是揭示快速增长的教育技术领域的挑战。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡天一中学·期中）Some universities in China and around the world are making changes to the ways in which they deliver liberal arts (文科) subjects, with some subjects being removed. These changes have caused a lot of discussion in China with some questioning the long-term benefits of these subjects and others saying their removal is leading to a global reduction in the liberal arts. Universities have the right and the responsibility to ensure their courses best equip their students to gain more chances in the job market. Education resources tend to be concentrated on science and engineering subjects that lead to better jobs, and this tendency (趋势) is becoming increasingly clear, driven by market demand. Liberal arts subjects aim to improve life and society. In this sense, the more developed a society is, the more liberal arts are needed. Human development requires liberal arts that keep up with the times. Today, what we need is the kind of humanities and social sciences that can adapt to modern society, which is advancing in science and technology. Liberal arts must welcome the Internet, big data, AI, cloud computing, and so on. The change of liberal arts subjects in universities is unavoidable. In modern university education, the humanities are increasingly serving as general education. Future-centered humanities education should not and cannot, promise a clear path from specialization to a specific career as natural sciences might. Instead, it should focus on offering a liberal arts education that equips future scientists, technicians, and professionals with humanistic qualities. This education doesn’t provide specific job skills, but aims to cultivate (培养) citizens with critical thinking, cross-cultural awareness, and the ability to think on one’s own. Liberal arts should have the ability to provide effective “public products” for society. They are not material or technological products, but thoughts, discourses (话语), and theories. 1.Why are some liberal arts subjects removed? A. They are difficult to master. B. Their benefits show slowly. C. They need more resources. D. Their views are imaginary. 2.How can liberal arts subjects keep up with the times? A. By providing hands-on chances. B. By focusing on practical topics. C. By using popular academic terms. D. By opening doors to technologies. 3.Which of the following do liberal arts aim to cultivate? A. Sense of humour. B. Independent thinking. C. Self reflection ability. D. Self-learning ability. 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Are liberal arts losing ground? B. Liberal arts: basis for sciences C. Will liberal arts make changes? D. Liberal arts: searching for truth 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕国内外部分大学调整或取消文科课程的现象展开，分析了这一变化的原因（市场对理工科的偏好），探讨了文科的价值、与时俱进的方式（融入科技）及培养目标，并回应了关于文科地位下降的讨论。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Universities have the right and the responsibility to ensure their courses best equip their students to gain more chances in the job market. Education resources tend to be concentrated on science and engineering subjects that lead to better jobs, and this tendency (趋势) is becoming increasingly clear, driven by market demand.(大学有责任也有权利确保其课程能够最大程度地帮助学生提升自身能力，从而在就业市场中获得更多机会。教育资源往往倾向于集中于能带来更好就业前景的科学和工程类学科，这种趋势正愈发明显，且是由市场需求所驱动的)”可知，大学为提升学生就业机会，将教育资源更多投向理工科，而文科的价值体现往往需要较长时间，无法直接快速转化为就业优势。由此推知，一些文科科目因“好处显现较慢”而被调整或取消。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Today, what we need is the kind of humanities and social sciences that can adapt to modern society, which is advancing in science and technology. Liberal arts must welcome the Internet, big data, AI, cloud computing, and so on. The change of liberal arts subjects in universities is unavoidable.(如今，我们所需要的是一种能够适应现代社会的人文和社会科学。现代社会在科技方面不断进步。文科必须接纳互联网、大数据、人工智能、云计算等等。大学里文科课程的变革是不可避免的)”可知，文科为适应科技发展的现代社会，必须积极引入并融合互联网、大数据、人工智能等新技术。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“This education doesn’t provide specific job skills, but aims to cultivate (培养) citizens with critical thinking, cross-cultural awareness, and the ability to think on one’s own.(这种教育并不传授具体的职业技能，而是旨在培养具有批判性思维、跨文化意识以及独立思考能力的公民)”可知，文科所旨在培养的是独立思考能力。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。全文开头指出多国高校文科科目调整与取消引发讨论，中间分析这一现象受就业市场驱动，并提出文科应拥抱科技以与时俱进，结尾强调文科在通识教育与人的综合素质培养中具有不可替代的价值。整篇文章围绕“文科是否逐渐失去重要地位？”这一核心问题展开。所以A选项“文科正在失势吗？”故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏南通中学·期中）Shared mobility: Making Travel Easier for All Shared mobility services, like carshares and bikeshares, are good for the environment. However, not everyone has the same chance to use them. Studies show that these services are more often found in richer city areas. Most users are usually younger, wealthier, and able-bodied. To build a transportation system that lasts for the future, it is important to make these services available to all people. Some cities have started programs to help low-income residents. These programs encourage the use of shared vehicles and reduce the need for private cars. Recently, about 70% of small vehicle (micromobility) programs in the US have taken steps to better serve disadvantaged groups. For example, they now may accept cash and allow booking without a smartphone. Still, many problems remain. Surveys show that people in the countryside and those with less money face more difficulties trying to use bikeshares. Cost, not knowing how to use the service, and low availability are common issues, as shown in the Figure. Non-profit organizations are also helping. For instance, Shared Mobility Inc., a non-profit group in Buffalo, provides free e-bikes to communities in need and holds training classes to teach people about biking safety and culture. Another group, Mobi in Belgium, helps older people and those who have trouble moving by providing low-cost rides that can be booked by phone. Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers cars that can fit wheelchairs and provides child seats if asked. In summary, understanding different needs and making services more flexible are key to creating fair and long-lasting city transportation. 1.What is the main reason for making shared mobility services available to all? A. To encourage cash payments. B. To make travel cheaper. C. To create a lasting transport system. D. To reduce the use of private cars. 2.What is the main difficulty for low-income city people using bikeshares? A. Safety concerns. B. High cost. C. Lack of familiarity. D. Limited availability. 3.What measure does Tim Carsharing in Austria take? A. Providing free e-bikes. B. Booking rides by smartphone. C. Holding training classes. D. Offering wheelchair-friendly vehicles. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享出行服务对环境有益，但并非所有人都有相同的使用机会，一些城市和组织已采取措施来解决这个问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Shared mobility services, like carshares and bikeshares, are good for the environment. However, not everyone has the same chance to use them.(共享出行服务，如汽车共享和自行车共享，对环境有益。然而，并不是每个人都有相同的机会使用它们)”和“To build a transportation system that lasts for the future, it is important to make these services available to all people. (为了建立一个可持续的未来交通系统，让所有人都能使用这些服务是很重要的)”可知，让所有人都能使用共享出行服务的主要原因是创建一个可持续的交通系统。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cost, not knowing how to use the service, and low availability are common issues, as shown in the Figure. (如图所示，成本、不知道如何使用服务以及可用性低是常见问题)”和下面图片中数据可知，低收入城市居民使用共享单车的主要困难是成本高，这一项占比40%。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers cars that can fit wheelchairs and provides child seats if asked. (同样，奥地利的Tim Carsharing提供适合轮椅的汽车，并根据要求提供儿童座椅)”可知，奥地利的Tim Carsharing采取的措施是提供适合轮椅的车辆。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·江苏南京十三中·期中）Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills which are needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology-companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play. In fact, many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren’t related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity (创造性); skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills gamed when kids tinker (鼓捣小玩意). High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth. There are cognitive (认知的) benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four-and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time absorbed in various activities. This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles (原理) in math. If play and building are important to 21st-century skill development, that’s really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so developing 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. 1.What do you know about educators and business leaders from Paragraph 1? A. They will play together. B. They have nothing in common. C. They share the same goals. D. They will partner with each other. 2.What is the best way to prepare children for a successful future? A. Mixing STEM skills with DIY activities. B. Developing specific technologies. C. Paying attention to STEM skills. D. Relating to subject matter. 3.Why does the author mention NASA’s best well-rounded problem solvers in Paragraph 3? A. To stress the benefits of skills. B. To show the findings of NASA. C. To explain the ways of tinkering. D. To prove the importance of tinkering 4.What does the author advise schools and communities with limited resources to do? A. Add teaching materials. B. Apply resources at hand. C. Introduce advanced technology. D. Provide problem-solving opportunities. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述科技公司与教育机构合作，通过结合创意活动与STEM技能，培养学生的创造性和动手能力，以适应未来的发展需求。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. (教育工作者和商业领袖的共同点比看起来要多。老师想让学生为成功的未来做好准备。科技公司有兴趣培养具有STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）技能的员工，以促进公司发展和行业发展。他们如何共同努力实现这些目标？玩耍可能是答案。)”可知，教育工作者和商业领袖将相互合作。故选D (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. (关注STEM技能很重要，但现实情况是，当STEM技能与传统的动手创意活动相结合时，可以提高这些技能。事实证明，这种组合是让今天的孩子成为明天的创造者和建设者的最佳方式。)”可知，将STEM技能与传统的、动手的创造性活动相结合是为孩子成功的未来做准备的最佳方式，故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“These are skills acquired when kids tinker (鼓捣小玩意). High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkers in their youth. (这些都是孩子们在鼓捣小玩意时获得的技能。美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室等高科技行业发现，他们中最全面的问题解决者在年轻时都是鼓捣小玩意的大师。)”可知，作者在第3段中提到了美国宇航局最全面的问题解决者是出于证明鼓捣小玩意的重要性。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. (此外，培养21世纪的技能并不需要21世纪的技术。这对资源不足的学校和社区尤其重要。利用他们拥有的任何材料并对其进行修补是培养这些重要的“制造者”技能的简单方法。任何人在任何地方都可以做到。)”可知，作者建议资源有限的学校和社区使用方便的资源。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏南京一中·期中）In 1785, English philosopher Jeremy Bentham designed a perfect castle where rooms circle a tower, from which an unseen guard can observe any people at will. People have to assume they’re constantly observed and behave accordingly. The secret of the castle control: the people have internalized the surveillance (监控) mechanism themselves. Bentham’s design feels so relevant in our digital age of algorithms (算法) and social media, when we frequently feel watched, with no way to escape. How being watched affects us is the first topic that has been studied in psychology. Decades of studies have shown that we behave differently when we are watched. On a conscious level, we become more prosocial, meaning we’re more likely to give and less likely to cheat or litter. Even theft or littering could be reduced merely by posting pictures of eyes. Seymour, a psychologist from the University of Technology Sydney, puts this down to our concern with reputation and social consequences. This led to the idea that surveillance could be used for social good, echoing Bentham’s methods. Being watched also affects cognitive (认知) functions, but negatively. One study found that participants performed worse on a working memory task with people looking at them — a direct gaze grabs participants’ attention and distracts them from a given task. A series of experiments have demonstrated that bringing more surveillance into workplaces or educational settings — usually an attempt to boost productivity — could actually be counterproductive. Surveillance profoundly impacts our brain’s unconscious processing. Seymour says it makes our social thinking and survival instincts work too hard. This makes us worry about everyone’s mental health. Always being watched makes us more aware of people around us, keeping us on edge and ready to act. “We didn’t have as much surveillance and social connection 50 years ago, so it’s a new societal context we’re adapting to. We need to find ways to balance the benefits of connectivity with the drawbacks of constant surveillance,” Seymour remarks. 1.Why does the author mention the castle in the first paragraph? A. To express his respect to Bentham. B. To explain a concept of psychology. C. To illustrate its working mechanism. D. To present a picture of surveillance. 2.What urges people to become more prosocial? A. Their desire to keep a good image. B. Their trust from the family. C. Their attachment to the community. D. Their concern with education. 3.The word “counterproductive” in paragraph 3 most likely means ________. A. highly efficient B. producing the opposite of the desired result C. difficult to implement D. increasing in popularity 4.What does Seymour suggest about the society full of surveillance? A. Cut interactions to ease stress. B. Boost surveillance for connections. C. Weigh connectivity against surveillance. D. Ignore the impact of surveillance. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要探讨了被监视对人们行为和认知等方面的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Bentham's design feels so relevant in our digital age of algorithms (算法) and social media, when we frequently feel watched, with no way to escape. (边沁的设计在我们这个充斥着算法和社交媒体的数字时代显得如此贴切，此时我们经常感觉被监视，却无处可逃。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到城堡(圆形监狱)，是为了解释一个心理学概念，即人们在被监视的情况下会内部化监控机制，从而改变自己的行为。此外，第二段探讨了被监视如何影响行为的心理学研究。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“On a conscious level, we become more prosocial, meaning we’re more likely to give and less likely to cheat or litter. Even theft or littering could be reduced merely by posting pictures of eyes. Seymour, a psychologist from the University of Technology Sydney, puts this down to our concern with reputation and social consequences. (在意识层面，我们变得更加亲社会，这意味着我们更倾向于给予，而更少有欺骗或乱扔垃圾的行为。甚至仅仅通过发布眼睛的照片，就能减少盗窃或乱扔垃圾的行为。悉尼科技大学的心理学家西摩认为，这归因于我们对声誉和社会后果的担忧。)”可知，人们想要保持良好形象的渴望促使他们变得更亲社会。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Being watched also affects cognitive (认知) functions, but negatively. One study found that participants performed worse on a working memory task with people looking at them. (被监视也会影响认知功能，但是负面的。一项研究发现，当有人看着他们时，参与者在工作记忆任务中的表现更差。)”可知，监控会对认知功能产生负面影响。根据第三段“A series of experiments have demonstrated that bringing more surveillance into workplaces or educational settings — usually an attempt to boost productivity — could actually be counterproductive. (一系列实验表明，在工作场所或教育环境中引入更多的监控——通常是为了提高生产率——实际上可能____。)”里的“performed worse (表现更差)”这一关键信息以及“actually (实际上)”所表达的转折意味可推断，引入监控这一本欲“boost productivity (提高生产力)”的行为，最终导致的结果却是负面的，即与预期目标相反。因此，counterproductive最准确的释义是“产生与预期相反的结果”。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“We need to find ways to balance the benefits of connectivity with the drawbacks of constant surveillance,” Seymour remarks. (西摩说：“我们需要找到方法来平衡连接的好处和持续监控的缺点。”)”可知，西摩建议在这个充满监控的社会中，要权衡连接与监控的利弊。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·江苏南京一中·期中）A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain. The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them. They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch (小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator. Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common — if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. 1.What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration? A. They can learn skills like animals. B. They can communicate with people. C. They have the ability to feel pain. D. They respond differently to requests. 2.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain. B. The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries. C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system. D. The value of protecting human workers from injury. 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks. B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator. C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain. D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study? A. Dismissive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.(上周在斯德哥尔摩举行的IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议上，Johannes Kuehn和Sami Haddaddin展示了疼痛如何应用于机器人，通过与Kuka机械臂末端的BioTac指尖传感器进行交互，该传感器已被编程为对不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反应)”可知，演示中的机器人有感觉疼痛的能力。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.(开发人工机器人神经系统的想法似乎与所有人的期望相反，但库恩说，这样做很重要，就像人类感觉疼痛一样。“疼痛是一种保护我们的系统，”库恩说。“当我们避开痛苦的根源时，它就能帮助我们不受伤。”因此，当机器人能够感受到疼痛并做出反应时，它们将变得足够聪明，能够避免疼痛。机器人发现的威胁越危险，它就会越快地撤离并避开危险源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin说，人类和机器人一起工作，尤其是那些在重型机械上工作的机器人，将会受到保护)”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.(例如，如果手臂感到轻微疼痛，它就会慢慢退缩，直到疼痛停止，然后再回到原来的工作中；与此同时，剧烈的疼痛会导致手臂进入一种锁定模式，直到它能得到人类操作员的帮助)”可知，机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. (当然，只有时间才能告诉我们答案，但有一件事是显而易见的，库恩和哈达丁的工作可能会让机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类)”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏锡山高中学·期中）You see a cat pursuing a mouse. You probably don’t realize it, but your brain makes a key distinction (区分) between the cat and the mouse: It identifies who’s pursuing, and who’s being pursued. This ability to distinguish between the “agent” (the one performing an action) and the “patient” (the one upon which that action is being performed) is called “event decomposition (事件分解)”. The concepts of “agent” and “patient” have a strong similarity to the linguistic concepts of subject and object — scientists believe that the cognitive (认知的) mechanism of event decomposition forms the basis of the structure of human language. Event decomposition has long been thought to be unique to humans. However, a new study suggests that this is not the case: great apes (类人猿) also seem to track events in the way that we do, distinguishing between “agent” and “patient”. Vanessa Wilson, the paper’s lead author, has been devoted to answering a key question about the relationship between event decomposition and language, one that recalls the classic question about the chicken and the egg: is our capability for language based on the ability of event decomposition, or the other way around? The apes’ ability to distinguish between “agent” and “patient” helps provide a conclusion that the ability to decompose events evolved (进化) first. If they possess the cognitive structure to evolve language, why have apes not done so? Wilson explains, “Human beings needed more cooperation with others, which required more complex communication and gradually drove the development of language. While other animals might be capable of human-like event decomposition, they simply do not have the motivation or resources to communicate about agent-patient relations.” Ultimately, though, the more we learn about animals and the ways in which they communicate, the more we come to understand that humans are perhaps not as unique as we might like to think we are. “In short,” says Wilson, “our understanding of the possible drivers of communicative complexity is still just at the tip of the iceberg.” 1.Why does the author mention a cat pursuing a mouse? A. To raise a discussion. B. To describe a common behavior. C. To highlight a view. D. To explain two concepts. 2.What does apes’ ability to distinguish between “agent” and “patient” suggest? A. Apes can understand complex human emotions. B. Great apes have the same language abilities as humans. C. Language ability appeared from event decomposition. D. Humans’ cognitive ability evolved after language development. 3.What is the cause of the development of human language? A. The need for social cooperation. B. The availability of natural resources. C. The ability to decompose events. D. The motivation for simple communication. 4.What message does Wilson convey in the last paragraph? A. Human communication is distinct from animal communication. B. There is much more to discover about communicative complexity. C. Humans are the only species capable of complex communication. D. Animals have no cognitive mechanisms that support communication. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了事件分解（区分“施事者”与“受事者）这一认知能力，指出这一能力并非人类独有，类人猿也具备，且可能是语言能力的基础，同时探讨了人类语言发展的原因，并强调在动物交流方面还有很多未知领域有待探索。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“This ability to distinguish between the “agent” (the one performing an action) and the “patient” (the one upon which that action is being performed) is called “event decomposition (事件分解)”.(这种区分“施事者”（执行动作的一方）与“受事者”（动作所作用的一方）的能力，被称为“事件分解”)”可推知，作者提到猫追老鼠是为了解释“施事者”和“受事者”这两个概念。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“is our capability for language based on the ability of event decomposition, or the other way around? The apes’ ability to distinguish between “agent” and “patient” helps provide a conclusion that the ability to decompose events evolved (进化) first.(我们的语言能力是建立在事件分解能力之上，还是恰恰相反？猿类区分“施事者”与“受事者”的能力，为“事件分解能力最早出现进化”这一结论提供了支持)”可知，类人猿区分“施事者”和“受事者”的能力表明语言能力源于事件分解。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Human beings needed more cooperation with others, which required more complex communication and gradually drove the development of language.(人类需要与他人进行更多的合作，这需要更复杂的交流，并逐渐推动了语言的发展)”可知，人类语言发展的原因是社会合作的需要。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““In short,” says Wilson, “our understanding of the possible drivers of communicative complexity is still just at the tip of the iceberg.”(威尔逊表示：“简而言之，我们对交流复杂性可能驱动因素的理解，仍只是冰山一角。”)”可推知，威尔逊在最后一段传达的信息是关于交流的复杂性还有很多有待发现。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州中学·期中）If a stranger knocked on your door asking for using your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic - it could be rooted in our DNA. This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University, Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33, 882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因) - PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPNP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. They believe that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response. If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1.What might affect people’s trust levels according to the two main theories? A. Childhood habits. B. Personal abilities. C. Social experiences. D. Communication skills. 2.What does the recent study focus on? A. The mental cause of trust. B. The ways to develop survival ability. C. The characteristics of different genes. D. The connection between trust and a gene. 3.What does the passage say about trusting others? A. It could bring health benefits. B. It reduces the strong stress in work. C. It helps to develop the world faster. D. It causes quicker survival response. 4.What might be the best title for the passage? A. A Gene Influences How Trusting You Are B. Experiences Make You Grow Dependable C. A Link Between Biology and Social Science D. Theories That Explain Why You Are Trusted 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，我们信任陌生人可能不仅仅是一种社会或心理特征，它可能根植于我们的DNA。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. (另一种观点认为，这是受到一个人对社会环境的持续评估的影响。我们可以很容易地想象，对于“你认为大多数人都是可以信任的吗？”这取决于你前一天是否被抢劫过，或者你丢失的钱包是否被找回来了.)”可知，人们的社会经历会影响他们对他人的信任程度。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic - it could be rooted in our DNA. (最近的一项研究发现，我们信任陌生人的能力可能不仅仅是一种社会或心理特征——它可能根植于我们的DNA。)”和第四段“In their most recent study, involving 33, 882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因) - PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPNP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. (在他们最近的一项研究中，涉及33882名丹麦献血者，他们发现了一个单一的基因 - PLPP4，与信任他人的性格密切相关，PLPNP4基因解释了研究人群中6%的社会信任差异。)”可推断，近来的一个研究的重点是信任与基因的关系。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. (这一点很重要，因为事实证明，与多疑的人相比，信任的人实际上可能活得更长、更健康。)”及第五段“If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. (如果当我们遇到新朋友时，我们的战斗或逃跑系统不那么强大，那么信任他人可能会对健康有巨大的好处。事实上，如果信任他人能起到对抗压力的作用，它可能会降低患心血管疾病的风险。)”可知，信任别人会使人健康、降低心血管疾病的风险。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic - it could be rooted in our DNA. (最近的一项研究发现，我们信任陌生人的能力可能不仅仅是一种社会或心理特征——它可能根植于我们的DNA。)”可知，本文主要介绍研究发现，我们信任陌生人可能不仅仅是一种社会或心理特征，它可能根植于我们的DNA。A项“基因影响你的信任程度。”适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·江苏南京十三中·期中）Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano. Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质), primarily potassium, sodium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function, nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively. Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu. Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵制) the loss of energy and refill it, researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method. “When there are electrolyte abnormalities, the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.” For ordinary people, the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes. The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The working principle of the device. B. The composition of sweat. C. The function of a particular sensor. D. The balance of the minerals. 2.Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch? A. accurate and popular. B. large and wearable. C. convenient and comfortable. D. reliable and stable. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. The wristwatch has no equal now. B. The product hasn’t hit the market yet. C. The researchers are content with the product. D. The device will be definitely put into extensive use. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks. B. To introduce a new product on monitoring health. C. To inform the readers of the importance of eletrolytes. D. To analyze the relationship between sweat and health. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质从而监测人体健康情况的手表。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively.(手表收集皮肤上的汗液，并使用带有敏感膜的传感器芯片实时分析。当汗液进入设备时，它会与含有三个管子的膜接触，这些管子能够分别测量钠、钾和钙的水平。)”可知，本段主要介绍该装置的工作原理。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. (尽管他们不是第一个发明汗液传感器的人，但中国研究人员强调了手表的坚固界面，以实现长期可靠性。)”和“It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,(它通过持续监测人体汗液超过六个月，超越了许多其他传感器的稳定性，)”可知，该手表的优点是可靠稳定。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. (研究人员指出，与市场上流行的健身手表相比，他们设计的设备更大、更重，佩戴起来不太舒适。然而，他们预计在未来五年内开发出适合市场应用的可穿戴汗液传感器。)”可推测，该产品还存在一些缺陷，所以应该尚未上市。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano.(中国科学院合肥物理科学研究所的科学家设计了一款手表，可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质。他们的发现发表在ACS Nano杂志上。)”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质从而监测人体健康情况的手表。故选B项。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·江苏南京大学附中·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) models have long gone beyond just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions. Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a lifelike and smooth manner is surprising. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate (准确的) subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video, known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁), independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals. 1.What is the main focus of paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Sora’s strengths. B. Sora’s origins. C. Sora’s development. D. Sora’s popularity. 2.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 4? A. To show Sora’s safety problems. B. To show Sora’s existing weaknesses. C. To show Sora’s perfect performance. D. To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 3.What can we know about Sora up to now? A. It has experienced testing and improvement. B. It has enjoyed great popularity. C. It has made random attacks. D. It has been applied in various industries. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Sora: A perfect text-to-video AI model B. Sora: Better than existing ChatGPT C. Sora: Known as a spacetime patch D. Sora: Lead the way in creating videos 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了从文本到视频的AI模型Sora，主要包括其功能、优势、现有的弱点以及正在进行的测试和改进。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. (据说Sora比许多具有类似功能的现有模型更好。该人工智能模型可以为不同的设备以合适的屏幕高宽比创建视频。它还允许用户在制作高质量版本之前快速测试低质量的内容，这有助于根据用户的要求加快输出速度)”和第三段中“Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a lifelike and smooth manner is surprising. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate (准确的) subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. (除此之外，它以逼真和流畅的方式呈现视频的能力令人惊讶。Sora可以用几个角色、特定类型的运动和精确的主题和背景细节来创建详细的场景。除了用户的请求之外，它还了解这些元素在现实世界中的存在方式)”可知，这两段主要描述了Sora的优点，如适应不同设备的屏幕高宽比、快速测试低质量内容、创建逼真平滑的视频、处理复杂的场景和细节等。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. (它可能无法准确地显示复杂场景中的事物如何移动，也可能无法理解一个动作如何导致另一个动作。例如，如果有人在Sora制作的视频中吃了一部分饼干，饼干可能看起来不像被咬过)”可知，此处先提到Sora在复杂场景中的缺陷，以及无法理解行为之间的关联的问题，然后举出例子说明视频中吃过的饼干可能并不真实。由此可知，这个例子是为了展示Sora目前存在的弱点。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals. (Sora仍处于测试开发阶段。OpenAI现在正在邀请网络安全专家对Sora的系统进行随机攻击，以测试该模型可能存在的弱点和风险。Sora也向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放。他们的反馈将帮助OpenAI改进模型，更好地为创意专业人士服务)”可知，目前Sora在经历测试和改进。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions. (现在，只需一句话，OpenAI最新的文本到视频模型Sora就可以将你的文字转换为具有良好视觉质量的视频，同时完全遵循你的内容说明)”可知，文章围绕作为从文本到视频的AI模型Sora展开，介绍了其功能、优势、现有的弱点以及正在进行的测试和改进。因此，D项“Sora：引领视频创作的道路”最能概括文章的主题，即Sora在视频创作领域的领先地位和潜力，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）Save the rice for cooking, says the phone company, which has finally acknowledged the longstanding “trick” could do more damage. You know the nightmare situation: You dropped your phone in water — be it pool, ocean, or toilet, your worries get the best of you, although iPhone 12’s and onwards are designed to survive 30 minutes of aquatic submersion. In the urgent need of saving your expensive device from potential damage, you remember your friend’s suggestion to throw it in a bag of rice overnight. Supposedly, the grain draws out any remaining water droplets from the smartphone’s tiny crevices, saving its precious circuitry in the process. They swore by it, after all. What is there to lose? Well, as the phone company spotted earlier today, a recently updated document states that this “trick” could actually cause further issues in your phone. “Don’t put your wet phone in a bag of rice,” the company warns in the revised article on its dreaded Liquid Detection Alert, “For doing so could allow small particles of rice to damage your phone,” while the rice starch (淀粉) can block the innards through the device’s small cracks. Besides all that, rice simply isn’t as effective as other materials, such as those silica packets you already should be recycling, anyway. Among the other rumored solutions to avoid, the company advises phone owners not to use an “external heat source” such as a blow dryer, as well as leave the compressed air can in the utility closet. Similarly, trying to stuff cotton swabs, napkins, paper towels, or any other “foreign object” into charging ports could make things worse. So, what should you do if your phone takes a plunge? The company advises a gentle approach in such situations, such as simply tapping the device against your hand “with the connector facing down” to dislodge liquid, then leaving it in an open, dry space with decent airflow for at least 30 minutes. From there, try connecting it to a cable charger. Yes. They really did pull out the trusty “Have you tried turning it on and off again?” line for this one. 1.Which is closest in meaning to “get the best of” in paragraph 2? A. Make full of. B. Make fun of. C. Take care of. D. Take control of. 2.Why is it NOT suggested to put your wet phone in rice? A. Because the rice will damage the inner parts of the phone. B. Because the rice is cheaper and more effective than other materials. C. Because the rice will stick to the phone. D. Because the rice will be wet. 3.What is the suitable way to dry a wet phone according to the phone company? A. Stuffing cotton swabs to absorb the water. B. Leaving it in an open, dry place with constant flowing air. C. Using a blow dryer to heat up the inside. D. Using napkins to dry up the surface. 4.Which can be the best title of this passage? A. Placing wet phone in rice may hurt. B. Rice is a good choice for drying up wet phone. C. Phone 12 is designed water-proof. D. Approaches to dry up your wet phone. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么不能将湿了的手机放进大米里吸水，以及提供了正确的处理方式。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“although iPhone 12’s and onwards are designed to survive 30 minutes of aquatic submersion(尽管iPhone 12及以后的手机都设计成能在水中浸泡30分钟)”以及“In the urgent need of saving your expensive device from potential damage, you remember your friend’s suggestion to throw it in a bag of rice overnight(在这样想要拯救设备免于潜在的损害的迫切需要下,你记得你朋友的建议，把它扔进一袋米里过夜.) ”可知，尽管iPhone 12及以后的手机都设计成能在水中浸泡30分钟，但是当把手机掉进了水里，害怕手机进水引发的担忧使人们忘记手机都设计成能在水中浸泡30分钟，即手机进水引发的担忧“占了上风，战胜”。get the best of意为“战胜，占了上风”，与Take control of.意思相近。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For doing so could allow small particles of rice to damage your phone, while the rice starch (淀粉) can block the innards through the device’s small cracks.(这样做可能会让大米微粒损坏你的手机，而大米淀粉进入设备的小缝隙后会堵在那，影响设备运作。)”可推知，大米的微颗粒会对手机的内部零件有影响。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The company advises a gentle approach in such situations, such as simply tapping the device against your hand “with the connector facing down” to dislodge liquid, then leaving it in an open, dry space with decent airflow for at least 30 minutes. (该公司建议在这种情况下采取温和的方法，比如简单地用手轻拍设备，“连接器朝下”以排出液体，然后将其放置在通风良好的开放干燥的地方至少30分钟。)”可知，手机需要放在一个开放、干燥的空间里，利用空气流动风干。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Save the rice for cooking, says the phone company, which has finally acknowledged the longstanding “trick” could do more damage.(“把米省下来煮饭。”电话公司最后声明，把湿了水的手机放进米里吸水这个“老办法”会对手机造成更大的伤害。)”和第三段“Don’t put your wet phone in a bag of rice(别把你的湿了水的手机放进一袋大米里)”及全文可知，此篇文章主要是在说明湿手机放进大米里会对手机造成损害。故选A。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·江苏徐州一中·期中）Most human language tends to take a happy view on life, a new study suggests. A team of scientists used big data techniques to examine a massive amount of data on 10 languages, from Korean Twitter feeds (信息) to Russian literature. They found that the most commonly used words in each language all leaned toward the positive. The research was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The new research builds on some old ideas about language. “The concept has been around for a while that maybe we naturally tend to communicate in a way that encourages us to get along, ” Christopher Danforth, co-author of the study, told Live Science. In 1969, psychologists at the University of Illinois came up with the idea. called the Pollyanna hypothesis (假说), that humans have a universal tendency to use positive words more often than negative ones. But those findings were based on small studies. In the new study, Danforth and his team took a more data-driven approach. The researchers analyzed billions of words from English, Spanish, French, German, Brazilian Portu$