专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文）（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥六校联盟·期中）As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1.The passage begins with two questions to ________. A. introduce the main topic B. show the author’s attitude C. describe how to use the Internet D. explain how to store information 2.What can we learn about the first experiment? A. Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well. C. The first group did not try to remember the information. D. The second group did not understand the information. 3.In transactive memory, people ________. A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information 4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent. C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·安徽临泉田家炳实验中学·期中）Emma Timmis, 37, covered 1,300 miles during her journey from Cape Reinga, at the top of the country, to Bluff, and she did it in just 20 days and 17 hours, shattering the previous record of 35 days and 27 minutes. To raise money for the charity, she covered around 62 miles a day while battling very hot temperatures, and she also had to avoid terrifying traffic and deal with the physical suffering of running on roads, which she described as “damaging”. She said, “The aim was always to do roughly 100 km a day, and based on my averages from my calculations I’ve now done after the run I averaged 98.8 km a day. There was a lot of difficulties at the beginning, which meant I couldn’t complete 100 km a day, so towards the end I was having to do over 100 km a day to get the run done in good time.” “Loads of people across the country were following me, people I’d have never met otherwise. People would just show up and run alongside me parts of the way, and children would wait with their families at the ends of driveways to cheer me on. People would stop in cars with banners at the side of the road and cheer me on. It was just amazing. I was absolutely blown away by the support,” she said. As a repeat record-breaker, Emma has previously run 1,500 miles across South Africa in 2011, before crossing the continent of Africa in 2014. Explaining why she was such a keen runner, Emma said, “I’ve been running since I was 12. I used to run for Derby Ladies Athletics club. I’ve just run ever since. It’s my thing — it keeps me happy. It’s always been something I turn to just to have private moments of reflection. I also just love being out in nature in the hills and forests — it’s really good for your mind.” 1.What does the underlined word “shattering” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Creating. B. Beating. C. Tracking. D. Supporting. 2.Emma Timmis finished 1,300 miles with daily runs . A. of 100 km B. of 98.8 km C. from less to more D. from more to less 3.How did Emma Timmis feel about people’s support along the way? A. Pleasantly surprised. B. Absolutely crazy. C. Totally regretful. D. Strangely calm. 4.What do we know about Emma Timmis? A. She refused to run in hot weather. B. She set up Derby Ladies Athletics club. C. She has no damaging physical suffering. D. She enjoys the moments of running alone. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥一中·期中）Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are unwilling to get rid of? Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it.” If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论). It occurs when we feel that we have invested too much to quit. This psychological trap causes us to stick with a plan even if it no longer serves us and the costs clearly outweigh the benefits. Arkes and Blumer conducted a survey revealing that people are influenced by sunk cost fallacy in their decisions. Participants were asked to imagine a situation where they accidentally booked two ski tickets for the same date, spending 50 on Wisconsin. They were also told the latter would be more enjoyable. It turned out that 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment. Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice, we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through, without realizing that past investments won’t be recovered. Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. This may be due to loss aversion (厌恶), where people place more weight on losses than on gains. As a result, our decisions often aim to avoid losses instead of seeking the benefits gained if we let go of the past commitment. No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste! But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. People benefit from sticking with a plan. B. People’s consumption view has changed. C. People refuse to give up the past commitment. D. People’s clothes are becoming more expensive. 2.Why did 54% of the participants choose the Michigan trip? A. To appear more reasonable. B. To save more of the loss. C. To make a greater investment. D. To enjoy more of themselves. 3.When does “sunk cost fallacy” occur? A. When we don’t follow through our choices. B. When we attach more importance to potential gains. C. When we feel it worthwhile to invest in past decisions. D. When we emotionally stick with investment already made. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward “perseverance”? A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Indifferent. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥六中·期中）In 2024, Nobel committees acknowledged the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) through two of their awards — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks with the physics prize, and recognizing the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy. Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. “I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as other people, yet it’s hard to consider this a physics-related discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London. Not everyone was troubled, however. “Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience,” said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, “In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields.” Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train. Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI as well as the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. “It wasn’t just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home,” Jumper said. “It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.” Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year’s prizes are no exception. 1.How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics? A. He praised the organizers. B. He doubted the discovery. C. He congratulated the winners. D. He questioned the classification. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. The role of physics in machine learning is becoming stronger. B. The Nobel committee focused only on theoretical physics this year. C. Hopfield and Hinton’s work bridges several scientific disciplines. D. The future developments in machine learning will completely remove physics. 3.What did Jumper owe their achievement to? A. The AI-powered iterative research. B. The innovative research in architecture. C. The community-driven research process. D. The use of AI research for quick answers. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Who won this year’s Nobels using AI? B. How do this year’s Nobels reflect AI’s role? C. Why are scientists against this year’s Nobels? D. What’s the outcome of this year’s Nobels debate? Passage 2 （25-26高二上·安徽安庆一中·期中）Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power. Having access to artificial intelligence (AI) would certainly lighten the mental load. But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost. Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot had their brain activity measured. Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention. Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between elevated (升高的) AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task. Moreover, generative-AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do. Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new. As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion (神药) for remembering, but for reminding.” Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result. There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks alters the brain’s capacity for thinking. But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process. And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit. But in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive (认知) costs. If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care? 1.What does paragraph 3 emphasize about the MIT study? A. The procedures it followed. B. The limitations in its design. C. The conclusion it has drawn. D. The diversity among its participants. 2.According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have? A. People would avoid using reminders. B. People would stop thinking independently. C. People would rely less on their own memory. D. People would care less about the spoken word. 3.What point does the user’s remark in paragraph 5 illustrate? A. AI can change users’ mental capacity. B. AI is not widely available to the public. C. AI can encourage users’ mental laziness. D. AI is not capable of solving every problem. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss the possible risks and benefits of AI for human cognition. B. To call for strict regulations on AI use in daily life. C. To prove that AI has negative effects on the brain. D. To warn against AI dependency with historical examples. 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·安徽六安一中·期中）A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi. I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up called HeyGen. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places. AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,” Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profound human experience. Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery. In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve. 1.Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1? A. To promote the language software. B. To show off his Chinese language skills. C. To prove learning a language is a wasted effort. D. To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. AI translation deserves more attention. B. Language apps play a key role in marketing. C. Language translation is far beyond technology. D. Learning a different language is an uphill battle. 3.What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage? A. Better digital literacy. B. Improved translation skills. C. Deeper cultural confidence. D. Effective intercultural interaction. 4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. AI language tools offer convenience. B. AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture. C. AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding. D. AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools. 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·安徽六安一中·期中）A Beijing girl surnamed Zhou gave herself a perfect birthday gift in February. The Beijing-based internet company employee got a 200-yuan ($27. 59) cake for half the usual price. The 30-year-old said the cake happened to be her favorite taste and she felt it was the most exceptional find in her year-and-a-half-long buying of “leftover blind box” — or randomly packed boxes of unsold food and drinks available at discounted rates. Zhou is one among many middle-aged and young people who are increasingly using WeChat’s leftover blind box mini program Cherish Magic Bag, which satisfies consumers’ needs while recommends a low-carbon, low-waste lifestyle. After paying online through the program, consumers can collect the randomly packed boxes of leftover food during appointed time, typically just before closing time, between 8 and 10 pm. “The original price is generally two to three times the price on the program,” Zhou said, adding that by placing 194 such orders, she ensured that food worth 5, 700 yuan, accounting for 520 kilograms in carbon dioxide emissions, did not go to waste. “I appreciate the environmental concept of the program. In addition, I’m curious and open to trying out different cuisines and new approaches,” she said, adding that she regularly checks for new additions on the program and tries them out. Despite the discounted prices, Zhou said the quality of the service remains good, encouraging her to buy more using the program. “The program gets along with the development trend of Internet Plus, in agreement with the sustainable (可持续的) development concept and provides a simple approach to dealing with food wastage by actively engaging with the public,” said Luo Xueming, chief expert at the Guangdong Modern Urban Industrial Technology Research Institute. However, Luo also stressed food quality and safety issues concerning perishable (易腐坏的) products, and emphasized the need to increase consumers’ awareness about food resources, which is important for enlarging the user base and ensuring the long-term success of the initiative. “Once it is widely carried out, this program will hold significant importance for China’s food security strategy, “ he said. 1.What can we learn about “leftover blind box”? A. It’s sold to the blind. B. It can be got anytime. C. It is a widespread lifestyle. D. It can be bought at a reduced price. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning the numbers in paragraph 3? A. Zhou has got a cheaper item. B. Zhou is fond of the program. C. Much money has been spent on the program. D. The program is of great benefit to the environment. 3.What is Zhou’s attitude towards “leftover blind box”? A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 4.According to Luo Xueming, which of the following is the biggest concern? A. Food price. B. Food safety. C. Environmental protection. D. Sustainable development. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥六校联盟·期中）As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1.The passage begins with two questions to ________. A. introduce the main topic B. show the author’s attitude C. describe how to use the Internet D. explain how to store information 2.What can we learn about the first experiment? A. Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well. C. The first group did not try to remember the information. D. The second group did not understand the information. 3.In transactive memory, people ________. A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information 4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent. C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】 本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”专家们想知道，互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆，以及如何改变我们的记忆？这是本文的中心话题。因此推断，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知第一组没有试着记住信息。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·安徽临泉田家炳实验中学·期中）Emma Timmis, 37, covered 1,300 miles during her journey from Cape Reinga, at the top of the country, to Bluff, and she did it in just 20 days and 17 hours, shattering the previous record of 35 days and 27 minutes. To raise money for the charity, she covered around 62 miles a day while battling very hot temperatures, and she also had to avoid terrifying traffic and deal with the physical suffering of running on roads, which she described as “damaging”. She said, “The aim was always to do roughly 100 km a day, and based on my averages from my calculations I’ve now done after the run I averaged 98.8 km a day. There was a lot of difficulties at the beginning, which meant I couldn’t complete 100 km a day, so towards the end I was having to do over 100 km a day to get the run done in good time.” “Loads of people across the country were following me, people I’d have never met otherwise. People would just show up and run alongside me parts of the way, and children would wait with their families at the ends of driveways to cheer me on. People would stop in cars with banners at the side of the road and cheer me on. It was just amazing. I was absolutely blown away by the support,” she said. As a repeat record-breaker, Emma has previously run 1,500 miles across South Africa in 2011, before crossing the continent of Africa in 2014. Explaining why she was such a keen runner, Emma said, “I’ve been running since I was 12. I used to run for Derby Ladies Athletics club. I’ve just run ever since. It’s my thing — it keeps me happy. It’s always been something I turn to just to have private moments of reflection. I also just love being out in nature in the hills and forests — it’s really good for your mind.” 1.What does the underlined word “shattering” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Creating. B. Beating. C. Tracking. D. Supporting. 2.Emma Timmis finished 1,300 miles with daily runs . A. of 100 km B. of 98.8 km C. from less to more D. from more to less 3.How did Emma Timmis feel about people’s support along the way? A. Pleasantly surprised. B. Absolutely crazy. C. Totally regretful. D. Strangely calm. 4.What do we know about Emma Timmis? A. She refused to run in hot weather. B. She set up Derby Ladies Athletics club. C. She has no damaging physical suffering. D. She enjoys the moments of running alone. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了37岁的Emma Timmis打破长跑纪录的经历，包括她的每日里程、遇到的困难、沿途获得的支持以及她对跑步的热爱。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Emma Timmis, 37, covered 1,300 miles during her journey from Cape Reinga, at the top of the country, to Bluff, and she did it in just 20 days and 17 hours, shattering the previous record of 35 days and 27 minutes. (37岁的Emma Timmis在20天17小时内跑完了1300英里，_____之前35天27分钟的纪录)”可知，同样的距离，完成时间从35天27分钟缩减至20天17小时，此处shattering意为“打破”记录，与Beating意思相近。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“There was a lot of difficulties at the beginning, which meant I couldn’t complete 100 km a day, so towards the end I was having to do over 100 km a day to get the run done in good time. (一开始有很多困难，这意味着我每天无法完成100公里，所以到最后我不得不每天跑100多公里才能完成目标)”可知，Emma Timmis的每日跑步里程是从少到多。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“I was absolutely blown away by the support (我被这些支持彻底震撼了)”可知，Emma Timmis对沿途人们的支持感到惊喜。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I’ve just run ever since. It’s my thing — it keeps me happy. It’s always been something I turn to just to have private moments of reflection. (从那以后我就一直在跑步。这是我的事，它让我快乐。这一直是我用来进行独自反思的方式)”可知，Emma Timmis享受独自跑步的时刻。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥一中·期中）Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are unwilling to get rid of? Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it.” If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论). It occurs when we feel that we have invested too much to quit. This psychological trap causes us to stick with a plan even if it no longer serves us and the costs clearly outweigh the benefits. Arkes and Blumer conducted a survey revealing that people are influenced by sunk cost fallacy in their decisions. Participants were asked to imagine a situation where they accidentally booked two ski tickets for the same date, spending 50 on Wisconsin. They were also told the latter would be more enjoyable. It turned out that 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment. Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice, we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through, without realizing that past investments won’t be recovered. Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. This may be due to loss aversion (厌恶), where people place more weight on losses than on gains. As a result, our decisions often aim to avoid losses instead of seeking the benefits gained if we let go of the past commitment. No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste! But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. People benefit from sticking with a plan. B. People’s consumption view has changed. C. People refuse to give up the past commitment. D. People’s clothes are becoming more expensive. 2.Why did 54% of the participants choose the Michigan trip? A. To appear more reasonable. B. To save more of the loss. C. To make a greater investment. D. To enjoy more of themselves. 3.When does “sunk cost fallacy” occur? A. When we don’t follow through our choices. B. When we attach more importance to potential gains. C. When we feel it worthwhile to invest in past decisions. D. When we emotionally stick with investment already made. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward “perseverance”? A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“沉没成本谬误”这一心理现象，通过调查实验分析其成因，解释了人们为何会因过去的投入而难以放弃某个计划或选择，即使该计划或选择已不再合理，并探讨坚持的利弊，指出有时放弃是更明智的选择。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are unwilling to get rid of? Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it.” If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论).(你的衣柜里有没有一套多年没穿过但又不愿意扔掉的西装或连衣裙？也许你会说：“我不能把它扔掉，因为我花了很多钱买的。”如果你在自己身上发现了这种情况，那你就陷入了‘沉没成本谬误’的执念中。)”可知，作者在文章开头描述了人们拒绝放弃过去的投入这一现象。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It turned out that 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.(结果显示，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，但仍有54%的人选择了密歇根州，因为他们最初的投入更大)”可知，54%的参与者选择密歇根州滑雪之旅是因为他们最初的投入更大，他们想减少损失。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice, we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through, without realizing that past investments won’t be recovered.(当我们让情绪影响我们的决定时，就会产生沉没成本谬论。一旦我们对一个选择进行了投资，如果我们不坚持到底，我们就会感到内疚或后悔，却没有意识到过去的投资是无法收回的)”可知，当我们从情感上坚持已经做出的投资时，就会出现“沉没成本谬误”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste! But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization.(没有人能否认我们从坚持中获益匪浅。所以我们的社会喜欢强调坚持。永不放弃！不要浪费！但只有你知道什么是对的路。有时候，离开是最难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的路不再是正确的，或者从来都不是正确的。这是一个痛苦的认识)”可知，作者认为虽然坚持有好处，但有时离开才是正确的选择，说明作者对“坚持”持谨慎态度。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥六中·期中）In 2024, Nobel committees acknowledged the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) through two of their awards — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks with the physics prize, and recognizing the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy. Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. “I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as other people, yet it’s hard to consider this a physics-related discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London. Not everyone was troubled, however. “Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience,” said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, “In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields.” Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train. Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI as well as the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. “It wasn’t just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home,” Jumper said. “It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.” Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year’s prizes are no exception. 1.How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics? A. He praised the organizers. B. He doubted the discovery. C. He congratulated the winners. D. He questioned the classification. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. The role of physics in machine learning is becoming stronger. B. The Nobel committee focused only on theoretical physics this year. C. Hopfield and Hinton’s work bridges several scientific disciplines. D. The future developments in machine learning will completely remove physics. 3.What did Jumper owe their achievement to? A. The AI-powered iterative research. B. The innovative research in architecture. C. The community-driven research process. D. The use of AI research for quick answers. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Who won this year’s Nobels using AI? B. How do this year’s Nobels reflect AI’s role? C. Why are scientists against this year’s Nobels? D. What’s the outcome of this year’s Nobels debate? 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2024年诺贝尔委员会在物理学奖和化学奖中认可了人工智能（AI）的变革性力量，并对此进行了相关评论和讨论。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段““I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as other people, yet it’s hard to consider this a physics-related discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London.(“和其他人一样，我也很喜欢机器学习和人工神经网络，但很难将其视为与物理学相关的发现。”伦敦帝国理工学院的天体物理学家乔纳森·普里查德说道)”可知，乔纳森·普里查德对今年的诺贝尔物理学奖提出了质疑。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience(霍普菲尔德和希顿的研究将物理学、数学、计算机科学以及神经科学融合在了一起)”可知，霍普菲尔德和希顿的研究将多个科学领域联系了起来。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.(这实际上是一个不断迭代的过程，在此过程中，我们进行了开发工作，开展了研究，努力寻找社区对蛋白质的理解与我们如何将这些见解融入架构设计之间的恰当结合方式)”可知，杰普顿的成功归功于由人工智能驱动的迭代研究。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2024, Nobel committees acknowledged the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) through two of their awards — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks with the physics prize, and recognizing the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy.(2024年，诺贝尔委员会通过两项奖项认可了人工智能（AI）的革命性影响——将神经网络领域的先驱者授予了物理学奖，而将用于研究和设计蛋白质的计算工具的开发者授予了化学奖。但并非所有研究人员都感到满意)”结合文章开篇点明2024年诺贝尔奖通过两项奖项认可AI的革命性影响，随后围绕物理学奖引发的学科分类争议、化学奖对AI创新力的肯定展开，最后结合诺贝尔奖的传统说明其对实用成果的重视，核心是通过今年的诺奖探讨AI所扮演的角色及体现的价值。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·安徽安庆一中·期中）Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power. Having access to artificial intelligence (AI) would certainly lighten the mental load. But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost. Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot had their brain activity measured. Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention. Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between elevated (升高的) AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task. Moreover, generative-AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do. Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new. As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion (神药) for remembering, but for reminding.” Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result. There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks alters the brain’s capacity for thinking. But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process. And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit. But in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive (认知) costs. If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care? 1.What does paragraph 3 emphasize about the MIT study? A. The procedures it followed. B. The limitations in its design. C. The conclusion it has drawn. D. The diversity among its participants. 2.According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have? A. People would avoid using reminders. B. People would stop thinking independently. C. People would rely less on their own memory. D. People would care less about the spoken word. 3.What point does the user’s remark in paragraph 5 illustrate? A. AI can change users’ mental capacity. B. AI is not widely available to the public. C. AI can encourage users’ mental laziness. D. AI is not capable of solving every problem. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss the possible risks and benefits of AI for human cognition. B. To call for strict regulations on AI use in daily life. C. To prove that AI has negative effects on the brain. D. To warn against AI dependency with historical examples. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。MIT研究表明，使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between elevated (升高的) AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task. (从长远来看，人工智能是否会让人类的大脑变弱，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这项研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之间的明确因果关系。毕竟，这项研究的样本量很小，而且只关注一个单一的任务)”可知，第三段主要强调了MIT研究设计的局限——样本量很小，且只关注一个单一的任务。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion (神药) for remembering, but for reminding”. Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result. (早在公元前5世纪，苏格拉底就曾抱怨说，写作不是“记忆的药水，而是提醒的药水”。计算器使收银员不必计算账单。导航应用免去了看地图的需要。然而，很少有人会认为人们的能力因此而下降)”可知，根据苏格拉底的说法，写作的消极结果是人们更少依赖自己的记忆。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process. And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” (但令人担忧的是，生成式人工智能允许人们卸载思维过程。而且，一旦大脑养成了“卸载”的习惯，就很难改掉了。正如一位用户所说，“我太依赖人工智能了，如果没有它，我不知道如何解决某些问题。”)”可知，该用户的话表明AI可能会助长用户的思维惰性。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段以MIT研究引出“AI 辅助可能有成本”；第二段说明研究发现“AI 使用者创造性与注意力相关脑区活动降低”；第三段指出研究局限性；第四段结合历史案例（苏格拉底、计算器等）说明 “技术减轻思维负担的担忧并非新事”；第五段强调“AI 可能导致思维依赖”；最后一段提出“需权衡 AI 的益处与认知成本”。短文的目的是“探讨 AI 对人类认知的潜在风险与益处”。故选A。 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·安徽六安一中·期中）A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi. I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up called HeyGen. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places. AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,” Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profound human experience. Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery. In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve. 1.Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1? A. To promote the language software. B. To show off his Chinese language skills. C. To prove learning a language is a wasted effort. D. To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. AI translation deserves more attention. B. Language apps play a key role in marketing. C. Language translation is far beyond technology. D. Learning a different language is an uphill battle. 3.What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage? A. Better digital literacy. B. Improved translation skills. C. Deeper cultural confidence. D. Effective intercultural interaction. 4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. AI language tools offer convenience. B. AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture. C. AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding. D. AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能语言工具的便利性与语言学习的文化深度之间的差异，作者引导我们对人工智能语言工具进行批判性思考然后得出结论：人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段“A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. ‘My favorite food is sushi,’ I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.(几天前，我看了一段我自己说一口流利汉语的视频。我断断续续地学习这门语言才几年，还远谈不上流利。但我就这样，每个字的发音就像母语人士一样。‘我最喜欢的食物是寿司，’我说——我最喜欢吃寿司。)”以及下文，尤其是最后一段中“In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning.(从本质上讲，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习所带来的深度和文化洞察力。)”可知，文章第一段以作者自己的体验引出AI语言工具，然后鼓励对AI语言工具进行批判性思考。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience.(然而，语言翻译是一门艺术，而不是一门科学。为了换取这种便利，将失去一些巨大的东西。)”以及“Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,(在广泛不同的语言（如中文和英文）之间建立一个阶梯，有时就像医生在病人心中架起一座桥梁一样困难，)”可知，语言翻译并不是技术能解决的问题，它远远超出了技术范畴。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of Al, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. (语言教授黛博拉·科恩强调，语言学习实际上是关于理解和联系不同的文化；一些教育工作者主张强调语言学习的跨文化方面，而不是放弃语言课程而选择人工智能。)”可知，学习语言的主要好处是有效的跨文化互动。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry(织锦)that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve.(本质上，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力。学习一门语言的挑战和美妙之处在于理解通过单词编织的文化挂毯，这是人工智能尚未实现的。)”可知，作者在最后一段表明人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美，因为人工智能语言工具缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·安徽六安一中·期中）A Beijing girl surnamed Zhou gave herself a perfect birthday gift in February. The Beijing-based internet company employee got a 200-yuan ($27. 59) cake for half the usual price. The 30-year-old said the cake happened to be her favorite taste and she felt it was the most exceptional find in her year-and-a-half-long buying of “leftover blind box” — or randomly packed boxes of unsold food and drinks available at discounted rates. Zhou is one among many middle-aged and young people who are increasingly using WeChat’s leftover blind box mini program Cherish Magic Bag, which satisfies consumers’ needs while recommends a low-carbon, low-waste lifestyle. After paying online through the program, consumers can collect the randomly packed boxes of leftover food during appointed time, typically just before closing time, between 8 and 10 pm. “The original price is generally two to three times the price on the program,” Zhou said, adding that by placing 194 such orders, she ensured that food worth 5, 700 yuan, accounting for 520 kilograms in carbon dioxide emissions, did not go to waste. “I appreciate the environmental concept of the program. In addition, I’m curious and open to trying out different cuisines and new approaches,” she said, adding that she regularly checks for new additions on the program and tries them out. Despite the discounted prices, Zhou said the quality of the service remains good, encouraging her to buy more using the program. “The program gets along with the development trend of Internet Plus, in agreement with the sustainable (可持续的) development concept and provides a simple approach to dealing with food wastage by actively engaging with the public,” said Luo Xueming, chief expert at the Guangdong Modern Urban Industrial Technology Research Institute. However, Luo also stressed food quality and safety issues concerning perishable (易腐坏的) products, and emphasized the need to increase consumers’ awareness about food resources, which is important for enlarging the user base and ensuring the long-term success of the initiative. “Once it is widely carried out, this program will hold significant importance for China’s food security strategy, “ he said. 1.What can we learn about “leftover blind box”? A. It’s sold to the blind. B. It can be got anytime. C. It is a widespread lifestyle. D. It can be bought at a reduced price. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning the numbers in paragraph 3? A. Zhou has got a cheaper item. B. Zhou is fond of the program. C. Much money has been spent on the program. D. The program is of great benefit to the environment. 3.What is Zhou’s attitude towards “leftover blind box”? A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 4.According to Luo Xueming, which of the following is the biggest concern? A. Food price. B. Food safety. C. Environmental protection. D. Sustainable development. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京一位周姓女孩通过微信小程序“珍惜魔法袋”购买半价“剩食盲盒”的经历，这种盲盒内装有打折的未售出食品和饮料。这种消费方式不仅满足了消费者的需求，还倡导了低碳、低浪费的生活方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 30-year-old said the cake happened to be her favorite taste and she felt it was the most exceptional find in her year-and-a-half-long buying of “leftover blind box” — or randomly packed boxes of unsold food and drinks available at discounted rates.”（这位30岁的女士说，这块蛋糕恰好是她最喜欢的口味，她觉得这是她一年半来购买“剩食盲盒”——或者说以折扣价出售的未售出食品和饮料随机包装的盒子——中最特别的发现。）可知，“leftover blind box”可以以折扣价购买。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“by placing 194 such orders, she ensured that food worth 5,700 yuan, accounting for 520 kilograms in carbon dioxide emissions, did not go to waste.”（通过下194个这样的订单，她确保了价值5700元的食物没有浪费，这些食物相当于排放了520公斤的二氧化碳。）可推知，作者提及这些数字是为了说明这个程序对环境有很大的好处。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段Zhou的话““I appreciate the environmental concept of the program. In addition, I’m curious and open to trying out different cuisines and new approaches, ” she said, adding that she regularly checks for new additions on the program and tries them out.”（“我很欣赏这个项目的环保理念。此外，我很好奇，也愿意尝试不同的菜肴和新方法，”她说，并补充说她经常查看这个项目的新增内容并尝试。）可推知，Zhou对这个项目持支持态度。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, Luo also stressed food quality and safety issues concerning perishable (易腐坏的) products, and emphasized the need to increase consumers’ awareness about food resources, which is important for enlarging the user base and ensuring the long-term success of the initiative.”（然而，罗还强调了易腐坏产品的食品质量和安全问题，并强调需要提高消费者对食品资源的认识，这对于扩大用户基础和确保该倡议的长期成功非常重要。）可知，Luo Xueming认为食品安全是最大的问题。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.C 主题语境02人与自然-环境 112 西学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B 212