专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语上学期

**基本信息** 本试卷为高二上学期期中英语说明文阅读理解汇编，精选福建多校期中试题，覆盖人与社会（历史文化、科技）、人与自我（生活学习）、人与自然（生态环境）等主题，素材聚焦AI技术、水资源短缺等时代热点，适配核心素养考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|多篇（每篇3-4题）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测|素材含科技前沿（如AI与诺贝尔奖）、社会热点（共享出行障碍）；问题设计从基础信息查找（如“ newsletters特点”）到深层推理（如“作者意图”），梯度分明|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A Passage 3 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. B Passage 4 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）We’re happy to introduce News for Classroom Use: a weekly newsletter with a piece of news and activities based on it which you can use as a warm-up, a filler or a wrap-up task. The newsletter might include: discussion questions, tasks around headlines and images, comments to respond to, vocabulary and links to related ESL. Brains lesson plans. How to use the newsletter The stories covered in the newsletter range from breaking news to more evergreen content which you will be able to go back to according to your students needs. The newsletter itself has several parts. INTRO: A short paragraph describing-what the news is about. You might need to read it out to students or it may also serve as a reference point to you, depending on the activities that go with the particular piece of news. ACTIVITY: A task or tasks for students to work on in the classroom. Each newsletter contains a set of questions related to the news. You might ask students to discuss all of them or just some of them. If you teach lower-level students, use the easier questions or just ask students to say what they think about the news. Other activities might include completing headlines, commenting on pictures, reporting what students have heard about the news, etc. Subscribe to the newsletter If you are an Unlimited or a Premium user and you’re subscribed to our newsletters, the News for Classroom Use newsletter will drop into your mailbox every Wednesday. 1.Which is a feature of the newsletter? A. It posts daily updates. B. It contains advanced vocabulary. C. It emphasizes breaking news. D. It offers reusable reading materials. 2.What activity can be recommended to beginners? A. Rewriting related news. B. Choosing news pictures. C. Expressing their opinions. D. Contributing to the newsletter. 3.Who is the text intended for? A. News presenters. B. Teachers. C. Foreign students. D. Journalists. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“News for Classroom Use”的每周新闻通讯，它包含一篇新闻及基于该新闻设计的活动，可用于课堂热身、填充或总结任务，并说明了使用方法及订阅信息。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The stories covered in the newsletter range from breaking news to more evergreen content which you will be able to go back to according to your students needs. (新闻通讯中涵盖的故事从突发新闻到更具持久性的内容，你可以根据学生的需求回顾这些内容。)”可知，该新闻通讯的特点是提供可重复使用的阅读材料。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you teach lower-level students, use the easier questions or just ask students to say what they think about the news. (如果你教的是水平较低的学生，使用较简单的问题，或者只是让学生说出他们对新闻的看法。)”可知，对于初学者，可以推荐的活动是表达他们的观点。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“a weekly newsletter with a piece of news and activities based on it which you can use as a warm-up, a filler or a wrap-up task. (一份每周新闻通讯，包含一篇新闻和基于该新闻的活动，你可以将其用作热身、填充或总结任务。)”以及后文提到的“students”“lower-level students”等可知，这篇文章是写给教师的。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）About 4 billion people already experience water shortage for at least one month a year and this number could double by 2050, according to a 2024 study. Yet progress on water shortage targets under the UN Sustainable Development Goals is off track. Professor Guenther, director of the UN University’s Institute, says that water shortage has largely been invisible to policymakers. Fortunately, many technologies to make better use of water resources are developing. These include technologies to improve the efficiency of typically energy-intensive desalination (海水的脱盐) plants, and the improved biological treatment processes that effectively double the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to increase the water available for industrial and agricultural use. Investment has not always been available for water resource solutions. The water sector is a $500 billion marketplace, representing a huge opportunity for investors. But investing in this area requires a willingness to wait for returns in the longer term. Investment in new technologies is not the only answer, says Brooke, co-editor of Unconcentional Water Resources, a book published by the UN earlier this year to urge the use of various and plentiful resources that until now have not received much attention. These range from the millions of cubic kilometers of water in deep land-based and seabed aquifers (含水层), and in fog and icebergs, to reusing water from the ballast holds (压载舱) of thousands of ships for agriculture. “It is a human approach to think that sufficient technology will address the problem. But if there’s no rain, if the groundwater level gets lower and lower, if we cannot dig deeper, and there is no option for desalination, this is when we start thinking,” says Brooke. “But by then it’s very often too late.” 1.What causes the slow progress on water shortage solutions according to Guenther? A. Insufficient funds. B. The lack of effective policies. C. Outdated technology. D. The rise of global warming. 2.What stops investors from investing in the water sector? A. The limited market. B. The long profit cycle. C. The high investment risk. D. The large initial investment. 3.Which measure did the UN suggest taking earlier this year? A. Promoting water use efficiency. B. Improving wastewater treatment. C. Building more desalination plants. D. Seeking alternative water resources. 4.What does the author want to do in the last paragraph? A. Issue a warning. B. Launch an appeal. C. Make a prediction. D. Highlight an approach. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前水资源短缺的现状、进展缓慢的原因、相关技术的发展、投资情况，还提及了联合国今年早些时候提出的应对措施以及最后发出相关警示。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Professor Guenther, director of the UN University’s Institute, says that water shortage has largely been invisible to policymakers. (联合国大学研究所所长根瑟教授表示，水资源短缺在很大程度上一直未被政策制定者所关注。)”可知，根瑟认为水资源短缺问题进展缓慢是因为缺乏有效的政策，政策制定者没有重视该问题。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But investing in this area requires a willingness to wait for returns in the longer term. (但投资这一领域需要有耐心等待长期回报的意愿。)”可知，阻碍投资者投资水领域的是较长的盈利周期。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Investment in new technologies is not the only answer, says Brooke, co-editor of Unconcentional Water Resources, a book published by the UN earlier this year to urge the use of various and plentiful resources that until now have not received much attention. (联合国今年早些时候出版的一本书《非常规水资源》的联合编辑布鲁克说，投资新技术并不是唯一的解决办法，这本书敦促人们利用各种丰富且至今未受到太多关注的水资源。)”可知，联合国今年早些时候建议采取的措施是寻求替代水资源。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It is a human approach to think that sufficient technology will address the problem. But if there’s no rain, if the groundwater level gets lower and lower, if we cannot dig deeper, and there is no option for desalination, this is when we start thinking,” says Brooke. “But by then it’s very often too late.” (布鲁克表示：“人们总习惯性认为，足够先进的技术能够解决这个问题。但如果没有降雨，地下水位持续走低，无法开凿更深的水井，也没有海水淡化的可行方案，我们才会开始意识到问题的严重性——但往往为时已晚。”)”可知，作者在最后一段想要发出警告，提醒人们不要等到情况恶化到无法挽回时才采取行动。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建泉州科技中学等·期中）A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles (针) were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors reexplain the evidence of recent discoveries in the development of clothing. “Why do we wear clothes? We think that it’s part of being human. When you look at different cultures, you realize that people existed and functioned perfectly enough in society,” Dr. Gilligan says. “What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments.” The earliest known eyed needles appeared about 40,000 years ago in Siberia. One of the man-made objects from the Stone Age, eyed needles are more difficult to make when compared to bone awls (尖钻), which was used for creating fitted clothing. Bone awls are tools made of animal bones that are sharpened. Eyed needles are revised bone awls, with a hole in them. As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex (复杂的) clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors argue that clothing became an item of decoration because traditional body decoration methods, like body painting, weren’t possible during the latter part of the last Ice Age in colder parts of Eurasia, because people were needing to wear clothes all the time to survive. The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. 1.What was Dr. Gilligan’s doubt related to? A. The long history of clothing. B. The function of clothes. C. The wide-spread area of clothing. D. The process of making clothes. 2.Why might eyed needles be considered more advanced than bone awls? A. They were made of stronger materials. B. They helped produce fancier clothes. C. They were easier to produce than bone awls. D. They were used mainly for creating basic clothing. 3.What does the author think of the changes of clothing? A. Beneficial. B. Challenging. C. Impractical. D. Confusing. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. The history of eyed needles: Their use in ancient China. B. The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing. C. The development of technology: Eyed needles and bone awls. D. The innovation of bone awls: Impact on clothing decoration. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了有眼针的创新如何改变了史前人类的服饰，促进了社会文化的进步。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments. (我感兴趣的是服装的变化，从某些环境下的身体必需品变成了所有环境下的社交必需品。)”可知，Dr. Gilligan的兴趣点在于衣物从物理需求转变为社交需求的变化，即衣服的功能。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. (有证据表明，骨锥已经被用来制作量身定制的衣服，这种带眼针的创新可能反映了更复杂服装的生产，以及通过在衣服上粘贴小装饰品来装饰衣服。)”可知，相比骨锥，有眼针能够制作更复杂和装饰性的衣服，即帮助生产更漂亮的衣服。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. (服装的变化使得更大、更复杂的社会得以形成，因为人们可以迁移到气候更冷的地方，同时也可以基于共同的服装风格和符号与社区合作。与服装相关的技能有助于更可持续的生活方式，并改善了人类社区的长期生存和繁荣。)”可知，作者认为服装的变化是有益的，因为它促进了社会的发展、合作以及人类社区的长期生存和繁荣。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. (由悉尼大学的一位考古学家领导的研究小组首次提出，有眼针是一种新的技术创新，用于装饰服装，以满足社会和文化目的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了有眼针的出现及其对服装变化的影响，包括从简单的保暖功能到社交文化功能的转变，以及这种变化如何促进了社会的进步。因此，最合适的标题是“The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing (时尚的开端：有眼针与服装的变化)”。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建厦泉五校·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the biggest winner of this year’s Nobel Prize. AI pioneers were recognized with the Nobel Prize in physics, while the Nobel Prize in chemistry also had AI-related contributions. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI boom, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve deriving (获得) outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 1.What was John Hopfield recognized for in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics? A. Inventing the Boltzmann machine. B. Creating AI models for image analysis. C. Developing a network for pattern storage. D. Designing a new type of computer processor. 2.What is the significance of AlphaFold2? A. It can synthesize (合成) new proteins for drug use. B. It can forecast protein folding patterns. C. It can analyze the genetic sequences (顺序) of proteins. D. It can identify proteins related to diseases 3.According to Yang Maojun, what is one factor that limits the scope of Al applications? A. The availability of real-world data. B. The accuracy of AI training data. C. The level of human involvement in AI learning. D. The effectiveness of deep learning algorithms (算法). 4.What concern did Hinton raise about AI during the Nobel press conference? A. The risk of AI becoming unmanageable. B. The potential for AI to replace human creativity C. The slow adoption of AI in scientific research. D. The lack of ethical guidelines for AI development. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。本文讲述人工智能可能是今年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家。AI的先驱者获得了诺贝尔奖物理学奖。诺贝尔化学奖也有与人工智能相关的贡献。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things.(1982年，Hopfield创建了一个网络，帮助计算机存储和回忆模式，类似于我们的大脑记忆事物的方式)”可知，Hopfield因为开发模式存储网络获得2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development.(几十年来，科学家们一直在努力预测蛋白质如何折叠成决定其功能的3D形状。然而，人工智能研究实验室DeepMind开发的AlphaFold2可以准确预测几乎所有已知蛋白质的3D结构，在药物开发领域显示出巨大的潜力)”可知，AlphaFold2的意义是它可以预测蛋白质的折叠模式。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第七段“In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks.(在他看来，人工智能的应用并不局限于生物、化学或物理等领域。它们的范围主要取决于现实世界中的问题能在多大程度上抽象成人工智能可以学习和处理的形式，以及是否有足够的现实世界数据来训练和构建深度学习网络)”可知，真实世界数据的可获得性是限制AI应用范围的一个因素。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.(人工智能在科学研究中的重要性日益明显。杨认为，科学家应该积极接受这一趋势，同时也要意识到人工智能的局限性。Hinton在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上表达了类似的担忧。“我们还必须担心一些可能的不良后果，特别是这些事情失控的威胁，”他说，“人类有责任以安全和道德的方式使用这项新技术，为人类带来最大的利益，”诺贝尔物理学委员会主席Ellen Moons说)”可知，在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上，辛顿对人工智能提出了人工智能的风险变得难以控制的担忧。故选A项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·福建福九联盟·期中）Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly warns you of the danger of an upcoming flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to develop into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are integrated, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算法) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology (气象学) holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car warning you of trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of falling down due to strong winds. That’s a breakthrough we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the groundwork for these weather-predicting abilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity (湿度), and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into car systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of the connected devices, improving accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while improving the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives per year by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the arrival of a changing age in car technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An age where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect—it’s the norm. 1.What can the future cars probably do? A. Stop extreme weather happening. B. Change the path of the hurricane. C. Detect terrible weather conditions. D. Teach drivers how to predict weather. 2.What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. The functions of complex sensors. B. Operational principle of future cars. C. The concept of the Internet of Things. D. Increasing complexity of road safety. 3.What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Reliable. B. Complex. C. Necessary. D. Unrealistic. 4.What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A. To keep promises. B. To make predictions. C. To express regrets. D. To offer suggestions. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况，并解释了其中的原理。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association.(国际司机协会表示，汽车可以提前很好地预测天气灾害，这种未来正逐渐成为现实。)”可知，未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into car systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes.(现代汽车有复杂的传感器，可以测量大气压力、温度、湿度和风速。这些传感器可以将数据输入机载计算机，提供关键的实时天气信息。尖端的人工智能和机器学习技术现在可以分析复杂的天气模式并预测未来的结果。通过将这些技术集成到汽车系统中，你的汽车计算机可以提供沿途的预测。)”可知，第四段的重点是未来汽车的工作原理。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives per year by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents(汽车天气预报可以通过减少与天气有关的事故的可能性，每年挽救数百人的生命)”和“Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become ...(如今，拥有一辆搭载天气预测技术的汽车或许并非必需，但未来这将会……)”可知，汽车天气预报每年可以挽救数百人的生命，结合but表示转折，如今并非必需，但推测到了2030年将是必不可少的。故划线词意思是“必不可少的”，和necessary意思相近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Undeniably, 2030 promises the arrival of a changing age in car technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An age where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect—it’s the norm.(毋庸置疑，2030年将迎来汽车技术变革的新时代，在这个世界里，你的汽车或许会成为你最贴心的天气预报员。届时，“未来已至”不再只是一个令人振奋的愿景——而将成为常态。)”可知，作者在最后一段的意图是做预测。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·福建福九联盟·期中）I am addicted to Instagram, particularly to its bookish communities. I can’t open the app without seeing a meme (梗图), artwork or quote about one of my favorite book series. But my Instagram feed is flooded with AI “art” — though to me, it is nothing but plagiarism (剽窃). Instagram seemingly has no problem with highlighting AI “artists”, which to me is a harm to real artists. Each AI “art” post takes the place of a bookish artist who spent countless hours creating truly amazing artwork. As a journalist and future educator, I can’t view AI “art” as anything but plagiarism because it is collected from artists who have not agreed to the use of their work, nor do they receive credit for it. For creatives like Bronwyn Lipka, a 25-year-old bookish artist, the reality of having their work stolen is ever-present. “AI ‘artists’ are essentially stealing your art, but there’s no way to know if they’re doing it because they face no consequences,” Lipka said. And it’s not just the AI “artists” that are contributing to this culture of irresponsibility. Meta, the parent company of Instagram, considers public Instagram posts to be part of its training data — including generative AI art training. Artists must decide whether continuing to use Meta apps, where they’ve built up a following, is worth AI stealing their intellectual property (知识产权). Many of my favorite artists have made the move to a platform that does not use AI models on user content. Ultimately, if artists continue to leave Meta platforms, the bookish community will struggle. Worse, if the bookish community starts to fade, book sales will drop sharply right down with them. Though I am not against AI and aware that it has the potential to do some really great things, I cannot stand for the continuous lack of forethought in deciding where and when it should be used. Therefore, I urge Meta and any other companies introducing AI into their programming to consider the ethics of doing so, before it’s too late. 1.What does the author try to say in the first paragraph? A. Artists feel ashamed of plagiarism. B. Instagram is a widely used platform. C. The AI-created works take over Instagram. D. The bookish communities need improving. 2.What can be inferred from Lipka’s words in paragraph 3? A. AI “art” won’t take the place of real art. B. Artistic competition is becoming serious. C. Bookish artists are losing work ownership. D. AI “artists” are getting away with stealing art. 3.How does Meta’s use of Instagram posts affect artists? A. It drives them to leave Meta platforms. B. It gives them access to a wider audience. C. It increases their book sales significantly. D. It destroys their faith in intellectual property. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A rising tendency of creating art with AI. B. Artists’ struggle for recognition in the AI age. C. The balance between AI and human creativity. D. A call for protection of human artists against AI art. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了Instagram上AI生成的作品泛滥的问题，作者认为这是对真实艺术家的伤害，呼吁Meta等公司在引入AI时考虑伦理问题。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But my Instagram feed is flooded with AI “art” — though to me, it is nothing but plagiarism (剽窃). Instagram seemingly has no problem with highlighting AI “artists”, which to me is a harm to real artists.(但我的Instagram动态里充斥着人工智能生成的“艺术作品”——尽管在我看来，这些不过是剽窃之作。Instagram似乎对突出展示这些人工智能“艺术家”毫无顾虑，而在我看来，这对真正的艺术家是一种伤害。)”可知，作者在第一段试图表达的是Instagram上充斥着AI生成的作品，AI生成作品正在Instagram上大行其道。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中Lipka的话“AI ‘artists’ are essentially stealing your art, but there’s no way to know if they’re doing it because they face no consequences(人工智能‘艺术家’本质上是在窃取你的艺术作品，但人们无从知晓他们是否正在这么做，因为他们不会面临任何后果)”可知，Lipka认为AI“艺术家”在窃取艺术成果，但由于无需承担任何后果，人们无从判断这种行为何时正在发生，所以它们可以逃避惩罚。由此可推知，Lipka的话表明AI“艺术家”正在偷窃艺术且未受追究。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Meta, the parent company of Instagram, considers public Instagram posts to be part of its training data — including generative AI art training. Artists must decide whether continuing to use Meta apps, where they’ve built up a following, is worth AI stealing their intellectual property (知识产权).(Instagram的母公司Meta将公开的Instagram帖子视为其训练数据的一部分——这其中包括生成式人工智能艺术训练数据。艺术家们必须做出抉择：继续使用他们在其中积累了粉丝群体的Meta旗下应用，是否值得冒人工智能窃取其知识产权的风险。)”和第五段中“Many of my favorite artists have made the move to a platform that does not use AI models on user content.(我喜爱的许多艺术家都已转投到一个不对用户内容使用人工智能模型的平台。)”可知，Meta使用Instagram帖子作为AI训练数据，导致艺术家们担心AI会窃取他们的知识产权，许多艺术家已经选择离开Meta平台。由此可推知，Meta对Instagram帖子的使用导致艺术家们离开Meta平台。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“But my Instagram feed is flooded with AI “art” — though to me, it is nothing but plagiarism (剽窃). Instagram seemingly has no problem with highlighting AI “artists”, which to me is a harm to real artists.(但我的Instagram动态里充斥着人工智能生成的“艺术作品”——尽管在我看来，这些不过是剽窃之作。Instagram似乎对突出展示这些人工智能“艺术家”毫无顾虑，而在我看来，这对真正的艺术家是一种伤害。)”和最后一段中“Therefore, I urge Meta and any other companies introducing AI into their programming to consider the ethics of doing so, before it’s too late.(因此，我敦促Meta以及任何其他在编程中引入人工智能的公司，在为时已晚之前，慎重考虑此举的伦理道德问题。)”可知，本文主要讨论了Instagram上AI生成的艺术作品泛滥的问题，作者认为这是对真实艺术家的伤害，呼吁Meta等公司在引入AI时考虑伦理问题。由此可知，D项“A call for protection of human artists against AI art.(呼吁保护人类艺术家免受人工智能艺术之害。)”能够概括文章主旨。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）When we’re tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That’s because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true? Nathaniel Hoyle, a scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology m Cambridge, UK, has been leading a study into this topic. The team discovered that fibroblast cells (成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night. These cells help close up a wound after the skin is broken and lay a foundation for new skin to grow. Why exactly are these cells less active at night? It’s all to do with your body’s circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm — a 24-hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time. New Scientist reported that a group of 30 genes that control the fibroblasts worked only daytime shifts, causing the slower healing process at night. To test its theory, the Cambridge-based team examined data from the International Burn Injury Database, which records details of burn victims around the world. This analysis revealed that nighttime burns, on average, took 11 more days to heal than burns during the day. A similar result occurred while experimenting using live mice. Those that were cut during night-time hours recovered more slowly than those during the day. “You can see by eyes, when the cell is wounded only 8 hours apart from each other, in different circadian periods, the daytime wounded ones take off, and the nighttime ones drag,” research team member John O’Neill told Science Alert. He added, “The time-varying response may be an evolutionary adaptation. As people are more likely to sustain injuries when awake than when sleeping, perhaps our bodies are prepared to respond more quickly in the daytime.” He went on to say that it could be beneficial to schedule surgeries in time with people’s circadian rhythms, earlier for early birds and later for night owls, in order to lessen recovery time. However, in any case, it might be best not to use anything sharp once the sun goes down. 1.Why does the author mention people going to bed earlier when tired or injured? A. To list common methods of recharging the body. B. To explain why people suffer from injuries easily. C. To prove sleep is the only method to deal with stress. D. To arouse readers’ interest in the truth of night healing. 2.What do the researchers find during their research? A. Burns take the same time to heal regardless of their cut time. B. Fibroblast cells boost the healing by working nighttime shift. C. Mice respond differently in the healing process from humans. D. A body’s circadian rhythm matters in waking up fibroblast cells. 3.How might scheduling surgeries according to circadian rhythms help patients? A. It can reduce the risk of surgery failure. B. It can reduce the pain felt during surgery. C. It can shorten the recovery time after surgery. D. It can help patients wake up faster after surgery. 4.What can be a suitable title for this passage? A. A Study Offers Clues to Treating Injuries B. Why We Heal Injuries Better in the Daytime C. How We Heal Wounds and Injuries Effectively D. Scientists Unlock the Secret to Avoiding Injuries 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“人体在白天和夜晚受伤后愈合情况不同”这一现象展开，介绍了英国剑桥分子生物学实验室科学家Nathaniel Hoyle带领团队进行的相关研究，包括研究过程、发现以及根据研究结果提出的建议等。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。第一段“When we’re tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That’s because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true? (当我们感到疲倦或受伤时，往往会提前入睡以恢复体力和修复身体。这是因为我们通常认为夜晚是应对压力或伤痛的黄金时段。但这种观点是否正确？)”先指出人们常认为夜晚是处理压力或受伤的黄金时间，接着用“But is it true?”提出疑问，引发读者对于夜晚是否真的能更好地治愈受伤这一真相的兴趣。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s all to do with your body’s circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm — a 24 - hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time. New Scientist reported that a group of 30 genes that control the fibroblasts worked only daytime shifts, causing the slower healing process at night. (这与人体的昼夜节律密切相关——一种24小时的内部时钟，可确保细胞按预定时间完成功能。《新科学家》杂志报道，一组调控成纤维细胞的30个基因仅在白天发挥作用，导致夜间愈合过程减缓。)”可知，人体的昼夜节律会影响成纤维细胞的工作，一组控制成纤维细胞的30个基因只在白天工作，导致夜晚愈合过程较慢，即人体的昼夜节律在唤醒成纤维细胞方面很重要。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“He went on to say that it could be beneficial to schedule surgeries in time with people’s circadian rhythms, earlier for early birds and later for night owls, in order to lessen recovery time. (他进一步指出，根据人体昼夜节律安排手术时间可能具有临床意义：早起者可安排在清晨时段，夜猫子则可安排在夜间时段，从而缩短术后恢复时间。)”可知，根据昼夜节律安排手术，早起的人早点安排，夜猫子晚点安排，可以缩短术后恢复时间，故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章开篇提出人们认为夜晚是处理受伤的黄金时间这一观点，接着通过研究指出人体昼夜节律影响成纤维细胞工作，导致白天受伤愈合更快，最后提到根据昼夜节律安排手术可缩短恢复时间。整体围绕“为什么我们在白天愈合受伤更好”展开。B选项“为什么我们在白天愈合受伤更好”，符合文章主旨，适合作标题，故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）China’s meat consumption has increased rapidly and diversified (多样化) in the last 60 years. The chart below shows the amount of meat available for consumption in different periods. Go back to China in the 1960s, and you’ll find that the average person ate very little meat. This isn’t surprising—almost the whole country lived in great poverty at that time while it has always been a fact that meat consumption is closely connected with and mostly depends on income: as countries get richer, they are more likely to have meat-heavier diets. However, as the chart shows, meat supply per person has increased significantly over the last sixty years. In 1962, annual consumption was just 4 kilograms per person. By 2022, it had increased almost 18-fold to 70 kilograms. It’s not only the amount of meat consumed that’s changed. In the 1960s and 1980s, almost all meat came from pork. Today, pork is still the biggest share, but is joined by more poultry and beef. This change in diet matters for various reasons. More diversified diets, which are not only about animal products, tend to be more nutritious than monotonous staple-heavy (单一的，以主食为主的) diets that are common for people living in poverty. But this increase in meat consumption also comes with a large environmental impact and consequences for the good of animals. 1.How much did pork consumption per person increase from 1982 to 2022? A. 55 kg. B. 39.9kg. C. 27.3kg. D. 12.6kg. 2.Why did the average person in China eat little meat during the 1960s? A. Meat was unaffordable for most people. B. There was a serious shortage of meat production. C. People preferred to eat other foods rather than meat. D. The government limited people’s meat consumption. 3.Which of the following matches people’s present diet? A. It’s more environment-friendly than before. B. People enjoy a more diverse mix nowadays. C. It places especially heavy emphasis on fat intake. D. Poultry and beef become the main meat supply. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国 60 年人均肉类消费情况，从以猪肉为主转向多样化，这既提升饮食营养，也带来环境等问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据图表所示可知，1982 年人均肉类总供给是15kg，其中猪肉占 84%，即 15×84%=12.6 kg；2022 年人均肉类总供给是 70kg，猪肉占57%，即 70×57%=39.9 kg。两者差值为39.9−12.6=27.3 kg。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Go back to China in the 1960s, and you’ll find that the average person ate very little meat. This isn’t surprising—almost the whole country lived in great poverty at that time while it has always been a fact that meat consumption is closely connected with and mostly depends on income: as countries get richer, they are more likely to have meat-heavier diets.( 回到20世纪60年代的中国，你会发现一般人很少吃肉。这并不奇怪——当时几乎整个国家都生活在极度贫困中，而肉类消费与收入密切相关并主要取决于收入，这一直是一个事实：随着国家变得富裕，他们更有可能有更多的肉类饮食。)”可推知，在20世纪60年代，中国人一般很少吃肉是因为对大多数人来说，肉是买不起的。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In the 1960s and 1980s, almost all meat came from pork. Today, pork is still the biggest share, but is joined by more poultry and beef.( 在20世纪60年代和80年代，几乎所有的肉都来自猪肉。今天，猪肉仍然是最大的份额，但更多的家禽和牛肉加入。)”以及最后一段中“This change in diet matters for various reasons. More diversified diets, which are not only about animal products, tend to be more nutritious than monotonous staple-heavy diets that are common for people living in poverty.(这种饮食习惯的改变有多种原因。更多样化的饮食，不仅仅是关于动物产品，往往比生活在贫困中的人们常见的单调的主食重的饮食更有营养。)”可知，现在人们喜欢更多样化的饮食组合。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建厦泉五校·期中）As ice sheets melted, they often left behind landscapes that typically take many years to become habitable for vegetation and wildlife. However, recent research has discovered that in just three years, these poor areas can be brought back to life by South American camelids (美洲鸵). By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed (吃草)the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. As is the case worldwide, glaciers are disappearing in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountains at an astonishing rate. And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. But the size and speed of the changes the camelids helped bring about surprised the researchers. “Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Results of camelids herding. B. Impacts of climate change. C. Ancestral Andean practices. D. Partnership with local farmers. 2.What might be a consequence of glaciers’ melting? A. Increased acidic runoff. B. Reduced rock weathering. C. Decline in summer rainfall. D. Shortage of mineral resources. 3.Why are “the reindeer” and “the auroch” mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To clarify a potential problem. B. To explain a natural phenomenon. C. To compare different rewilding project. D. To justify a conservation effort. 4.What is Kelsey Reider’s attitude towards camelids herding? A. Disapproving. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南美驼类如何快速恢复冰川退缩后的土地，帮助当地社区应对气候变化。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. (在秘鲁乌鲁阿什拉尤冰川脚下，研究人员与当地农民合作，在四个地块上放牧美洲鸵。从2019年到2022年，每月三天，这些美洲鸵在这片土地上吃草。到了最后，原本干燥且容易遭到破坏的土壤变得稳定了，养分更加丰富，并且植物覆盖率比之前增加了57%。这种安第斯山脉传统的美洲鸵放牧做法有可能减轻气候变化对当地社区作物、动物和生计的影响。)”可知，本段主要描述了美洲鸵放牧后土地的变化结果。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. (随着冰的融化，附近的生态系统失去了夏季淡水的供应，有时还会遇到曾经被冰川覆盖的岩石中有害的酸性矿物质。美洲鸵可能有助于抵消这些影响。它们对土地的改造可以减少岩石的风化，从而限制可能毒害农民庄稼的酸性径流。)”可知，冰川融化可能导致酸性径流增加。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第四段“The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. (食草动物放牧可能对景观产生积极影响的想法并不新鲜。重新野生化，也就是将关键物种重新引入它们的原生生态系统，这是科迪勒拉布兰卡山脉独有的。例如，在芬兰，土著萨米人正在努力在被砍伐的土地上重新引入驯鹿。西班牙的一个组织希望有一天能将被称为auroch的野牛从灭绝中拯救出来，将其用于放牧。)”可知，这两个例子被用来证明重新引入关键物种到它们原生的生态系统的做法不仅限于科迪勒拉布兰卡山脉，而是全球范围内的努力。因此，提到二者是为了证明这项保护工作的合理性。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. (詹姆斯·麦迪逊大学的生态学家凯尔西·赖德说：“在土壤上施用营养物对植物生长也会产生类似的影响，但动物本身也在做很多事情。”首先，动物粪便是特殊的。另一方面，美洲鸵会淘汰优势植物，为新物种腾出空间。)”可知，Kelsey Reider认为动物本身对土地的改善作用很大，因此她对美洲鸵放牧持积极态度。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中）There is an academic department at Arizona State University that may surprise many people: More than 90% of undergraduates that have done a local internship (实习工作) are employed when they graduate. The department? Not business or computer science, as many people may initially guess, but English. It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors — and others in humanities (人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college. Nationally, the number of humanities majors remained flat between 2015 and 2020. But at some US colleges, the number is increasing — and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors. The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture. Students who study these disciplines can expect to do a lot of writing, critical thinking, close reading and discussion. All of these are skills that develop a person’s ability to see a problem from many different angles and communicate persuasively. For some careers, an undergraduate degree in the humanities is a clear advantage. Billy Dunaway, chair of the philosophy department at the University of Missouri, says his students pursue careers in many fields, including business, public policy, insurance and computer science. For students planning to apply to law school, the way philosophy is taught — through the Socratic method, where the professor leads with a question which develops into a back-and-forth discussion and sometimes debate — prepares them well. Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method. 1.What is the common belief about humanities majors? A. They are losing their marketability. B. They have poor employment prospects. C. They get few internship opportunities. D. They are limited to humanities fields. 2.What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Disciplines are treated equally nationwide. B. Job satisfaction varies greatly with majors. C. Undergraduates have various major choices. D. Humanities partly gain increasing recognition. 3.Which might be a focus of the humanities? A. Persuasive writing. B. Cross-disciplinary integration. C. Cultural understanding. D. Multidimensional problem-solving. 4.Why can philosophy benefit students planning to apply to law school? A. It improves their logical abilities. B. It covers knowledge of different fields. C. It emphasizes their critical thinking. D. It follows law school’s teaching method. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大众普遍认为人文学科就业前景差，但实际其毕业生能获得优质工作、就业满意度高，且人文学科培养的核心技能对多个职业领域极具价值。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors—and others in humanities(人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college.(事实证明，你的父母错了。英语专业学生——以及其他常被认为“市场认可度”更低的人文学科学生——大学毕业后就能找到好工作。)”可知，人文学科常被认为“市场价值”更低，结合对父母们的认知错误的反驳，可推断大众普遍认为人文学科毕业生就业前景差。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But at some US colleges, the number is increasing—and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors.(但在部分美国大学，人文学科的招生人数正在大幅增长：自2013年以来，加州大学伯克利分校的艺术或人文学科本科专业人数增长了70%以上。而且在工作满意度方面，拥有人文学科本科学位的从业者，其职业幸福感与工程学和商科专业毕业生不相上下。)”可知，部分美国大学的人文学科专业人数大幅增长，且人文学科毕业生就业满意度与工科、商科相当，说明人文学科逐步获得更多认可。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture.(人文学科涵盖英语、哲学、电影研究、历史和语言等领域，是对人类文化的研究。)”可知，人文学科的核心是对人类文化的研究。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method.(此外，哲学专业学生在法学院入学考试中表现更出色，因为该考试本质上是一场逻辑测试，且法学院的许多课程也采用与哲学专业相同的苏格拉底教学法。)”可知，哲学专业学生在法学院考试中表现更佳，原因是哲学培养了他们的逻辑能力。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建厦门双十中学·期中）A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 1.What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but tie to everyday life. B. Tiny but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but mask personal connections. 2.Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a point. C. To explore a rule. D. To clarify a concept. 3.What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. History is full of injustice. B. History is made up of fun stories. C. Painful things should be left behind. D. All historical facts should be acknowledged. 4.What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Engage their family with better stories. C. Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档电视节目及其展览，这一项目通过普通物品背后的故事展现澳大利亚的历史，既包含感人瞬间也直面黑暗过往，旨在鼓励人们以好奇心发掘和分享故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. (一封首相的信，一个孩子的笔记本，一枚珍贵的体育奖牌：这些东西有什么共同之处？从表面上看，没什么)”和第二段中“it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past (真正重要的并非这些物件本身，而是它们背后的人物和故事——正是这些构建了一个关于国家及其历史的故事)”可知，这些物品看似普通但有特殊意义。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. (通过海港大桥建筑工人George Killen的曾孙女拿着的纪念别针，我们听到了一个被遗忘的故事：一名工人如何无私地跳入冰冷的海港拯救朋友。事实证明，平凡也可以变得非凡)”可知，别针的例子用于阐明后文的观点——普通物品因其背后的人物和故事而变得非凡。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. (一些物品记录了澳大利亚历史上的重要时刻)”、第四段中“This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. (这并不意味着该项目回避了我们过去的黑暗面)”和第五段中“It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. (这是一个例子，说明讲故事可以弥合分歧，让我们面对现实，让我们做出可能在某种程度上纠正错误的选择)”可知，该项目既记录正面的重要时刻，也直面历史黑暗，希望人们可以面对现实，可推知Armstrong传达的讯息是“所有的历史事实都应该被承认”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” (当我问Armstrong他希望这个项目能达到什么目的时，他说：“我希望它能让人们讲故事。”无论你是让你的奶奶还是你的朋友分享他们非凡的事情，他的建议是“渴望发现，保持好奇。”)”可知，他鼓励观众以好奇心寻找故事。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·福建厦门双十中学·期中）Shared mobility: Making travel easier for all In major cities across Europe and the US, shared bikes and cars seem to be everywhere. Yet for disabled, elderly, low-income individuals, or those without a smartphone or credit card, these services are practically out of reach. Such services tend to gather in wealthy urban areas, leaving users largely young, wealthy, and able-bodied. Barriers to using shared mobility Higher income      Lower income ① Lack of familiarity with the system ② High cost of the system ③ Inaccessibility of locations Percent reporting barrier Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. But to be most effective, it needs to include everyone. For-profit shared mobility providers have largely failed to deliver on this, but various projects are finding creative solutions to reach under-served communities. ●Buffalo’s E-Bike Library: Organizes training, group rides and educational events to familiarize people with cycling culture and safety, with 71% of members being first-time riders. ●Mobitwin’s car-share service: Gives priority (优先权) to email-and phone-based bookings over apps to extend reach to a wider share of the population lacking digital skills, helping them access the service more easily. ●U.S.bike-sharing policy: Provides fare reductions for low-income groups, with cash payment options and non-smartphone access as key measures to broaden adoption, which has shown promise in increasing the use of shared bikes while decreasing the use of personal vehicles. ●Graz’s car-share projects: Add wheelchair-accessible vehicles, child seats, and station-based booking to suit diverse users’ needs, such as mid-route pickups and multi-destination trips. The future of shared mobility relies on making inclusive design a top priority. As Esen Köse, project manager at Mpact, puts it, “It’s about starting with people’s needs.” 1.What is the percentage gap between lower and higher income users in Barrier 1? A. 3%. B. 16%. C. 26%. D. 71%. 2.Which solution targets Barrier 2? A. Buffalo’s E-Bike Library. B. Mobitwin’s car-share service. C. U.S.bike-sharing policy. D. Graz’s car-share projects. 3.What will shape the future of shared mobility according to Esen Köse? A. Tech-based design. B. Charity-run project. C. Profit-driven service. D. User-centered accessibility. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨共享出行服务（如共享单车和共享汽车）在欧美大城市普及的同时，却因成本高、操作复杂、位置不便利等原因，难以惠及残疾人、老年人、低收入者等群体。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Barriers to using shared mobility(使用共享出行的障碍)”图表，高收入群体在“Lack of familiarity with the system(对系统不熟悉)”这一障碍上的百分比为26%，低收入群体为42%，两者差距为 16%。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。“U.S. bike-sharing policy(美国共享单车政策)”部分提到“Provides fare reductions for low-income groups, with cash payment options and non-smartphone access as key measures to broaden adoption, which has shown promise in increasing the use of shared bikes while decreasing the use of personal vehicles.(为低收入群体提供票价减免，以现金支付方式和非智能手机接入作为扩大采用的关键措施，这在增加共享单车的使用同时减少个人车辆的使用方面显示出了希望。)”，为低收入群体提供费用减免，这肯定针对的是“High cost of the system(系统成本高)”(障碍2)。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The future of shared mobility relies on making inclusive design a top priority. As Esen Köse, project manager at Mpact, puts it, ‘It’s about starting with people’s needs.’(共享出行的未来取决于将包容性设计作为重中之重。正如Mpact的项目经理Esen Köse所说，“我们要从人们的需求开始。”)”可知，未来共享出行的发展依赖于将包容性设计作为首要优先事项，即以用户为中心的可及性。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建厦门第二中学·期中）Preventing the illegal hunting of any creature is hard, especially when relatively small numbers of park staff are often responsible for patrolling (巡逻) large areas. So researchers at the Institute of Subtropical Biology (ISB) and park-staff in Iguazú National Park of Argentina have been exploring new means of predicting where poachers (偷猎者) might strike — and they are turning to new kinds of mapping technology for help. In recent years, the staff of the Park have used satellite phones, along with the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) for position analysis. But SMART technology is only as helpful as the data available to inform it. “The whole operational situation improved a lot, but the reality is that we are still faced with a high number of hunters,” says Bellonì, a staff of the Park. Environmentalists in Iguazú are thus constantly on the lookout for new ways to map and predict poaching hot spots. One additional mapping tool could be based on audio (音频). For seven months from August 2018, researchers from ISB used audio monitoring methods to map poaching hot spots inside the Park. The study covered an extremely large 4,637 sq km area and, by situating the automatic recorders high on trees out of sight of poachers, the research team were able to record gunshot sounds up to 2km away from each location. After seven months, they had recorded gunshots at 43 sites out of 90, with a range of 1 to 68 shots per site. The researchers then used this information to produce a predictive map of poaching activity. They also validated their model with field trips to look for physical evidence, such as bullet shells and cut plants, and showed that the predictive map was 82% reliable (可靠的), says Julia Martinez Pardo, the lead author of the study. The practical application of this system could, in future, further help the efficiency of patrolling. By cross-referencing the audio monitoring data with the existing patrol routes, the park staff could establish whether their current tours match with the places with greatest gunshot activity. If the maps don’t match, then the patrols could be changed. 1.What is the researchers’ purpose of working with park-staff in Iguazú National Park? A. To forecast poachers’ movements. B. To study creatures in the forest. C. To create new SMART technology. D. To find evidence of illegal activities. 2.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. SMART technology is ineffective without available data. B. SMART technology has been completely given up. C. Audio monitoring methods have been widely used. D. Loud sounds can drive away the hunters. 3.What does the underlined word “validated” mean in paragraph 4? A. Defined. B. Proved. C. Maintained. D. Suited. 4.How will the new system help the park’s patrolling staff? A. By upgrading their working equipment. B. By telling them when to start their patrols. C. By providing them with different patrol routes. D. By showing them whether to change patrol routes. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是阿根廷伊瓜苏国家公园为预防非法捕猎行为所做的探索与努力，重点介绍了利用新型测绘技术（尤其是基于音频的监测方法）来预测偷猎者活动地点，以提高巡逻效率。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“So researchers at the Institute of Subtropical Biology (ISB) and park-staff in Iguazú National Park of Argentina have been exploring new means of predicting where poachers (偷猎者) might strike— and they are turning to new kinds of mapping technology for help.(因此，阿根廷Iguazú国家公园的亚热带生物研究所（ISB）的研究人员和公园工作人员一直在探索预测偷猎者可能袭击的新方法，他们正在求助于新型的测绘技术。)”可知，研究人员与Iguazú国家公园的工作人员合作的目的是预测偷猎者的动向。选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“But SMART technology is only as helpful as the data available to inform it.(但SMART技术只有在数据可用的情况下才能发挥作用。)”可知，从第二段可以推断出没有可用的数据，SMART技术是无效的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“look for physical evidence, such as bullet shells and cut plants, and showed that the predictive map was 82% reliable(寻找实物证据，如子弹壳和被砍伐的植物，并表明预测地图的可靠性为82%)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“他们还通过实地考察寻找实物证据，如子弹壳和被砍伐的植物，来验证他们的模型”，划线词validated的意思是“验证，证明”，和proved意思相近。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“By cross-referencing the audio monitoring data with the existing patrol routes, the park staff could establish whether their current tours match with the places with greatest gunshot activity. If the maps don’t match, then the patrols could be changed.(通过将音频监测数据与现有的巡逻路线进行交叉比对，公园工作人员可以确定他们当前的巡逻路线是否与枪声活动最频繁的区域相匹配。如果地图不匹配，那么就可以调整巡逻路线。)”可知，新系统通过告诉他们是否要改变巡逻路线来帮助公园的巡逻人员。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中）How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption. In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria (细菌) living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter (生物过滤器), cleaning the water so that the whole system remains healthy. Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. All that is required is food for the fish. Additionally, aquaponics is a model for sustainable food production because it recycles all of the materials it uses. 1.How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By giving definitions. B. By presenting arguments. C. By analyzing theories. D. By making comparisons. 2.What can we learn about an aquaponics system? A. Its plants use the fish waste directly. B. Its components coexist for survival. C. Its grow bed supplies space for fish. D. Its bacteria control the plant growth. 3.Which is an advantage of aquaponics? A. Raising protein content in plants. B. Using recycled materials to build. C. Lowering the water consumption. D. Requiring zero human assistance. 4.Which might be a suitable title for the text? A. All Creatures Are Connected B. Hunger: Fight It Till the End C. Feeding the Future with Less D. Closed System: Final Solution 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍为解决2050年全球90多亿人口的粮食问题，提出鱼菜共生系统这一方案，并阐述其构成、运作原理及优势。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption.(鱼菜共生系统将水培法与水产养殖结合起来。水培是指在富含营养的水中无土栽培植物的科学。通常，在水培系统中，营养物质会根据植物的生长需求进行调整。水产养殖是指在受控条件下养殖鱼类，通常用于人类食用。)”可知，作者先点明鱼菜共生系统的构成，再分别对“水培法”和“水产养殖”下定义，通过下定义的方式展开第二段。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter, cleaning the water so that the whole system remain healthy.(在鱼菜共生系统中，鱼类以排泄物的形式提供营养，其中包含氮、磷、钾等多种营养物质。鱼缸中的细菌将这些排泄物转化为植物可吸收的营养物质。含有多种营养物质的鱼缸水被持续泵入种植床，植物就生长在那里。植物从水中吸收营养，种植床中的细菌则通过将剩余排泄物转化为植物后续生长可利用的营养物质来净化水。随后，净化后的水被送回鱼缸。种植床和植物起到生物过滤器的作用，净化水质，确保整个系统保持健康。)”可知，系统中的鱼、细菌、植物、种植床等组件相互依赖、协同运作，共同维持系统稳定，体现出各组件共生共存的特点。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. (鱼菜共生系统效率很高，仅通过一个系统就能同时产出高蛋白鱼类和富含维生素与矿物质的蔬菜。作为一个近乎封闭的用水系统，它用水量极少，且可在水资源不充足的地区建立。)”可知，“用水量极少”是鱼菜共生系统的优势之一，即降低了用水量。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one.(到2050年，地球上将生活着90多亿人，我们该如何养活他们？这对农民和食品科学家来说是一个重大问题。要生产足够的粮食，就需要有足够的土地、水和其他自然资源，这与粮食问题息息相关。最终的解决方案肯定需要多种方法共同作用——鱼菜共生系统可能就是其中之一。)”以及第四段对鱼菜共生系统“用水量少、可持续”等优势的介绍可知，文章围绕“用更少资源解决未来粮食问题”展开，“Feeding the Future with Less(用更少的资源养活未来)”既点明主题又体现系统核心优势，适合作为标题。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot (血块) removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world. In modern society, about one in a dozen people may experience a blood clot in their lifetime. It is known that blood clots are the leading cause of strokes (中风) and heart attacks. During the treatment, the ability to quickly and effectively restore blood flow becomes a matter of life and death. Unfortunately, traditional mechanical methods have a low success rate. The process is like trying to pick up broken tofu with chopsticks-not only is success unlikely, but the situation may even worsen. Blood clots may break apart while being deformed, resulting in small pieces stuck in hard-to-reach areas. However, Professor Zhao’s 2mm micro-robot enters blood vessels (血管) and, using high-speed rotation (旋转), generates forces to reduce the clot size to 5%. It’s like when you press and rub soft things, like hair, between your hands. The force makes them stick together into a small ball. The micro-robot works similarly, using pressure to bring the clot parts together, making them easier to remove. This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood. What’s astonishing is that this innovation is inspired from subway TBMs, tunnel-boring machines (隧道掘进机). The way tunnel-boring machines efficiently handle hard soil and rock in narrow spaces inspired the creation. This brilliant Chinese researcher downsized the enormous underground machine to a size tens of thousands of times smaller and adapted it for use in human blood vessels. Currently, the technology has been successfully tested on pigs. While most of these studies remain in the laboratory phase, the breakthrough itself is exciting. This technology may soon extend beyond blood clots to address issues like kidney stones or gallstones. 1.How does the author present the breakthrough in paragraph 1? A. By contrasting the figures. B. By explaining a technical term. C. By mentioning a related theory. D. By providing the study’s background. 2.What is the advantage of Zhao’s micro-robot over traditional methods? A. It generates blood more rapidly. B. It is recyclable and economical. C. It prevents clots from forming again. D. It raises success rate and reduces side effects. 3.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning TBMs? A. The cost of medical robotics. B. The reason for the numerous trials. C. The inspiration behind the innovation. D. The importance of modern machinery. 4.What is the best title of the passage? A. A Chinese Pioneer in Blood Disease Healthcare B. TBM-inspired Robot Solves Various Medical Issues C. Micro-robot: A Breakthrough in Blood Clot Removal D. Stanford’s New Robot Treats Strokes and Heart Attacks 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由赵芮可教授开发的一款2mm微型机器人。受TBMs的启发，它通过旋转使血凝块形成球来去除血凝块，大大提高了成功率并减少了副作用。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world.( 斯坦福大学助理教授赵芮可在《自然》杂志上发表了一项突破性的医学突破：她使用一个2毫米的微型机器人，将血块去除的成功率从区区11%提高到惊人的90%，在医学界引起了轰动。)”可知，作者通过对比“11%”和“90%”这两个数据，直观地展示了该技术的突破性。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world.( 她使用一个2毫米的微型机器人，将血块去除的成功率从区区11%提高到惊人的90%，在医学界引起了冲击波。)”提到的成功率从 11% 提升到 90%（提高成功率），以及第四段中“This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood.(这个过程不需要药物，不会造成血管损伤，并有效地将被困的红细胞释放回血液中。)”可知，赵芮可的微型机器人与传统方法相比，它提高了成功率，减少副作用。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“What’s astonishing is that this innovation is inspired from subway TBMs, tunnel-boring machines. The way tunnel-boring machines efficiently handle hard soil and rock in narrow spaces inspired the creation.(令人惊讶的是，这项创新的灵感来自地铁隧道掘进机，即隧道掘进机。隧道掘进机在狭窄空间中有效处理坚硬土壤和岩石的方式激发了创作灵感。)”可推知，作者提到隧道掘进机（TBMs）是为了说明这项医学创新的灵感来源。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world.( 斯坦福大学助理教授赵芮可在《自然》杂志上发表了一项突破性的医学突破：她使用一个2毫米的微型机器人，将血块去除的成功率从区区11%提高到惊人的90%，在医学界引起了冲击波。)”可知，文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学赵芮可教授研发的2毫米微机器人，它能极大提高清除血块的成功率。C项“微型机器人：血凝块清除的突破”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）A child’s notebook, a handwritten letter from a long-lost friend, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special project. Some objects symbolize major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray (托盘) used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. It turns out that the ordinary can be extraordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark sides of our past. In one episode (剧集), Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “Prohibition zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, the tone of Extra-Ordinary Things is mostly optimistic. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allowing us to face up to the realities and enabling us to make choices that might serve to set things right. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said, “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 1.What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but of no commercial value. B. Small but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but relate to each other. 2.What does the underlined phrase “shies away from” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Evaluates. B. Avoids. C. Warns. D. Adopts. 3.What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. Storytelling should idealize reality. B. Life is always full of ups and downs. C. Painful things should be left far behind. D. Historical facts should be acknowledged. 4.What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Entertain their family with funny stories. C. Ask for advice from family and friends. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了托尼·阿姆斯特朗的项目探索了普通物品中不寻常的故事，揭示了澳大利亚的历史——既有光明，也有黑暗。通过讲故事，它弥合了分歧，激发了好奇心，并帮助人们了解这个国家的过去。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A child’s notebook, a handwritten letter from a long-lost friend, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest.( 一个孩子的笔记本，一封失散多年的朋友手写的信，一枚珍贵的体育奖牌：这些东西有什么共同之处？从表面上看，没什么。但对于托尼·阿姆斯特朗的《非凡之物》来说，这一点都不重要。)”以及第三段中“It turns out that the ordinary can be extraordinary.( 事实证明，平凡也可以变得不平凡。)”可知，关于第一段中列出的物品，我们知道平凡但有特殊意义。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Some objects symbolize major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend.( 一些物品象征着澳大利亚历史上的重要时刻。2003年在悉尼歌剧院的船帆上画上“NO WAR”字样的反伊拉克战争示威用的油漆托盘代表了该行为。通过海港大桥建筑工人乔治·基伦的曾孙女拿着的纪念别针，我们听到了一个被遗忘的故事：一名工人如何无私地跳入冰冷的海港拯救朋友。)”可知，本段讲了历史上的高光时刻（抗议、救人），以及划线单词句中“This doesn’t mean the project…he dark sides of our past.( 这并不意味着该项目……我们过去的黑暗面。)”并举例提到了原住民被禁止进入的区域。由此推断，这里是指项目没有回避黑暗面。B选项Avoids“回避，避免”符合语境。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allowing us to face up to the realities and enabling us to make choices that might serve to set things right.( 这是讲故事如何弥合分歧的一个例子，它让我们直面现实，让我们做出可能有助于纠正错误的选择。)”可推知，阿姆斯特朗希望通过项目传达的信息是：我们需要承认并正视历史事实。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said, “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.”(当我问阿姆斯特朗他希望这个项目能实现什么目标时，他说：“我希望它能让人们讲故事。”无论你是让你的奶奶还是你的朋友分享他们非凡的事情，他的建议是“渴望发现，保持好奇。”)”可知，阿姆斯特朗鼓励观众用探究的心态去寻找故事。故选A项。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·福建厦门外国语学校·期中）The global shipping industry is alone responsible for three percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions (排放)humans produce. If left unaddressed, in a few decades, it will account for over 10 percent of the total man-made emissions. A new study from MIT researchers reveals a practical solution to this problem. The study authors have developed an emission-free approach to produce hydrogen (H₂) fuel, which generates only water when burned, for commercial ships. They also claim they can make hydrogen fuel using easily accessible resources. This isn’t the first study proposing the use of aluminum (a silver-gray metal that soda cans are made from) for producing hydrogen fuel. It’s already well known that when aluminum and water react, hydrogen is formed as one of the byproducts. Such chemical reactions, however, come with a sort of a dilemma: It only works when aluminum is used in its pure state. The moment aluminum meets with oxygen, such as in air, its surface immediately forms a protective layer that prevents further reactions. During their study, the researchers turned recycled soda cans into small aluminum balls. They pretreated the aluminum balls with a rare-metal alloy (合金) that effectively purifies aluminum, making it into a pure form that can react with seawater to generate hydrogen. The salt ions (离子) in the seawater can in turn attract and recover the alloy, which can be reused to generate more hydrogen. The team found that this reaction successfully produced hydrogen gas, though slowly. They experimented with different chemicals including the ones that are typically found in kitchens and realized that adding coffee made a difference. “A low concentration of caffeine is enough to produce the same amount of hydrogen in just five minutes, compared to two hours without it,” the study authors note. “The next part is to figure out how to use this for trucks, trains, and maybe airplanes,” Aly Kombargi, lead study author, said. 1.How can the MIT researchers contribute to the shipping industry? A. By providing a clean energy source. B. By developing new fuel storage methods. C. By improving fuel efficiency in existing ships. D. By planning more convenient shipping routes 2.What is the challenge when making hydrogen from aluminum? A. Hydrogen is too expensive to make. B. The chemical reaction happens too slow. C. Aluminum easily reacts with oxygen. D. The metal surface prevents further reactions. 3.What can be inferred about the MIT researchers’ hydrogen generation process? A. It requires large quantities of alloy. B. It produces significant waste chemicals. C. It creates hydrogen in a sustainable cycle. D. It generates hydrogen with low purity. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Hydrogen Fuel: A Game Changer of Transportation B. Cans+ Seawater+ Coffee: A Greener Shipping Future C. Coffee: The Secret Substance for Clean Shipping Fuel D. Aluminum: A Pioneering Material for Hydrogen Produce 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。MIT研究人员提出一种利用回收铝罐、海水和咖啡因可持续生产氢燃料的创新方法，以解决航运业温室气体排放问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A new study from MIT researchers reveals a practical solution to this problem. The study authors have developed an emission-free approach to produce hydrogen (H₂) fuel, which generates only water when burned, for commercial ships.(麻省理工学院研究人员的一项新研究为这个问题提供了一个实用的解决方案。该研究的作者开发了一种零排放的方法，可以生产用于商船的氢燃料，氢燃料燃烧时只产生水。)”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员通过提供清洁的能源来源为航运业做出了贡献。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The moment aluminum meets with oxygen, such as in air, its surface immediately forms a protective layer that prevents further reactions.(当铝与氧气接触时，比如在空气中，其表面会立即形成一层保护膜，从而阻止进一步的反应。)”可知，从铝中制取氢气时会面临的挑战是金属表面起到了阻止进一步反应的作用。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“During their study, the researchers turned recycled soda cans into small aluminum balls. They pretreated the aluminum balls with a rare-metal alloy(合金)that effectively purifies aluminum, making it into a pure form that can react with seawater to generate hydrogen. The salt ions(离子)in the seawater can in turn attract and recover the alloy, which can be reused to generate more hydrogen.(在研究过程中，研究人员将回收的碳酸饮料罐加工成了小块的铝球。他们先用一种稀有金属合金对这些铝球进行预处理，这种合金能有效净化铝，使其变成一种纯净的形式，能够与海水发生反应从而产生氢气。海水中的盐离子能够反过来吸引并吸附这种合金，从而使其得以回收利用，进而能够再次用于制取更多的氢气。)”可知，麻省理工学院研究人员的氢气生成过程是在一个可持续的循环过程中生成氢气。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，MIT研究人员提出一种利用回收铝罐、海水和咖啡因可持续生产氢燃料的创新方法，以解决航运业温室气体排放问题，B选项“罐子+海水+咖啡：更环保的航运未来”涵盖三个核心要素（铝罐/海水/咖啡）和环保目标，适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建泉州四校联考·期中）Recently, researchers have discovered that light pollution is causing birds to wake up earlier and go to sleep later. This finding came as a surprise to the researchers. “While we expected some behavioral adjustments to the lights at night, we didn’t envisage that it would be this influential,” says Neil Gilbert, an ecologist at Oklahoma State University. This study marks the first global research into how artificial lighting affects birds’ daily lives. Past research has repeatedly shown that bright city lights can be confusing and deadly for traveling birds, sending them off course. But Gilbert and his colleague Brent Pease adopted a broader approach by analyzing millions of bird-song recordings. These recordings were collected by thousands of devices (设备) placed in backyards and other locations, by non-professional birdwatchers and other wildlife enthusiasts across continents, as part of a program called BirdWeather. After checking the data for 4.4 million bird calls, the team studied the daily start and end times of singing activities of 583 bird species, comparing those times to the local light pollution levels. In the brightest places, birds extended their singing time by an average of 50 minutes compared with the darkest — by 18 minutes in the morning and 32 minutes in the evening. Overall, birds with larger eyes relative to their body size showed the strongest response to light pollution. The Hairy Woodpecker, for example, has relatively small eyes. “It didn’t respond strongly to light pollution,” Pease explained. “Neither did the Eastern Bluebird. Additionally, birds that nest in dark areas — like holes in trees — weren’t significantly affected by light pollution.” The researchers stress that the natural patterns of birds’ being interrupted deserves close attention. However, they say it’s too early to tell if staying up longer is actually harmful to the birds. They say it’s possible that the birds are adjusting somehow and that extra activity may even be helpful, giving birds more time to find food to feed their young. 1.What does the underlined word “envisage” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Predict. B. Claim. C. Prove. D. Explain. 2.What do we know about Gilbert and Pease’s bird research? A. It was inspired by bird calls. B. It examined mass bird-song data. C. It was based on local past research. D. It relied on data collected in the wild. 3.What does the study find about the Eastern Bluebird? A. It hates singing overtime. B. It has relatively larger eyes. C. It is not sensitive to light. D. It tends to live in darkness. 4.What’s the researchers’ attitude to the changes of birds’ sleeping patterns? A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Anxious. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现光污染影响鸟类作息，延长其鸣叫时间，且影响程度因鸟种而异。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“While we expected some behavioral adjustments to the lights at night, we didn’t envisage that it would be this influential.(虽然我们预计鸟类会对夜间灯光做出一些行为调整，但我们没有envisage其影响会如此之大)”可知，envisage与前半句的expected语义相近，意为“预料、预测”，与predict“预测”同义。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But Gilbert and his colleague Brent Pease adopted a broader approach by analyzing millions of bird-song recordings.(但吉尔伯特和他的同事布伦特・皮斯采用了更广泛的研究方法，分析了数百万份鸟类鸣叫录音)”可知，两人的研究对大量鸟类鸣叫数据进行了分析。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Hairy Woodpecker, for example, has relatively small eyes. “It didn’t respond strongly to light pollution,” Pease explained. “Neither did the Eastern Bluebird.(例如，毛啄木鸟的眼睛相对较小。皮斯解释说：“它对光污染没有强烈反应。”东部蓝鸲也没有)”可知，研究发现东部蓝鸲对光污染不敏感。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, they say it’s too early to tell if staying up longer is actually harmful to the birds. They say it’s possible that the birds are adjusting somehow and that extra activity may even be helpful.(然而，他们表示，现在判断熬夜是否真的对鸟类有害还为时过早。他们说，鸟类可能正在以某种方式适应，额外的活动甚至可能有帮助)”可知，研究人员对鸟类睡眠模式的变化持不确定态度。故选A项。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福州黎明中学·期中）A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing haptic feedback gloves and a virtual reality (VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away, offering a way for people to attend events without travelling. iCub 3 is a 52-kilogram, 125-centimetre-tall robot with 54 points of articulation across its aluminium alloy and plastic body. Its head contains two cameras where a human’s eyes would be, and an Internet-connected computer where the brain would go. Along with the cameras, sensors covering its body transmit the collected information to the robot’s “brain”, which is then replicated on the special gloves and VR headset worn by a remote human operator. When the operator reacts to what they see and feel, the gloves’ sensors pick up the movements and the robot matches them. “The key is to translate every signal and bit of numeric data that can be sent through the network,” says Stefano Dafarra at the Italian Institute of Technology, who was part of the iCub 3 team. There can be a small delay of up to 100 milliseconds to transmit the visual film, but the operator can lessen this by moving slightly slower than normal. The team has demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale held in Venice in northeastern Italy, where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stayed in Genoa, a seaport in northwestern Italy. Dafarra hopes people will use iCub 3 to attend events remotely, reducing the need to travel. But at present, a fall could be hugely damaging to the robot, and it’s uncertain whether it could stand up again on its own, he says. “iCub 3 is an interesting robot and offers clear advantages from the previous version,” says Jonathan Aitken at the University of Sheffield, whose laboratory owns a prior version of the robot. However, he is disappointed that the team isn’t clear in its research about iCub 3’s data transmission requirements. “It will be good to know just how much data is required, and what the upper and lower limits are,” he says. 1.What is the function of the sensors on iCub 3’s body? A. Sending the data. B. Guiding the operator. C. Stopping iCub 3 from falling. D. Supporting the cameras. 2.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The difficulty in filming. B. The network’s disconnection. C. The late transmission of data. D. The operator’s improper use. 3.Why are Venice and Genoa mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To demonstrate iCub 3’s popularity in the two cities. B. To show iCub 3’s ability to break the distance limit. C. To indicate technology’s threat to tourist destinations. D. To note robots’ wide application in Italian exhibitions. 4.What does Aitken want to know about iCub 3? A. The way it captures videos. B. Its process of translating data. C. Its advantages over the prior one. D. The amount of data it requires. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了类人机器人iCub 3的构造、工作原理、应用场景以及相关评价。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Along with the cameras, sensors covering its body transmit the collected information to the robot’s “brain”, which is then replicated on the special gloves and VR headset worn by a remote human operator.(除了摄像头，覆盖其身体的传感器还会将收集到的信息传输到机器人的“大脑”，然后由远程操作人员佩戴的特殊手套和VR耳机上复制这些信息)”可知，iCub 3身体上的传感器功能是发送数据。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“There can be a small delay of up to 100 milliseconds to transmit the visual film, but the operator can lessen this by moving slightly slower than normal.(传输视觉画面可能会有长达100毫秒的小延迟，但操作人员可以通过比平时稍慢的动作来减少这种延迟)”可知，此处“this”指代的是前文提到的数据传输延迟。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The team has demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale held in Venice in northeastern Italy, where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stayed in Genoa, a seaport in northwestern Italy.(该团队在意大利东北部威尼斯举行的威尼斯双年展上展示了这款机器人，机器人在展览中漫步，而其操作人员则留在意大利西北部港口城市热那亚)”可推知，提到威尼斯和热那亚是为了展示iCub 3突破距离限制的能力。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, he is disappointed that the team isn’t clear in its research about iCub 3’s data transmission requirements. “It will be good to know just how much data is required, and what the upper and lower limits are,” he says.(然而，令他失望的是，该团队在研究中没有明确iCub 3的数据传输要求。他说：“如果能知道需要多少数据，以及数据的上限和下限是多少，那就好了。”)”可知，Aitken想知道iCub 3需要的数据量。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建龙岩九校联考·期中）How do you beat the summer heat? If you’re like most people, you turn the air conditioning on when it’s the hottest time of the day. But what if you could use nonpeak (非高峰的) electrical hours and store the cold to use the next day? This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice. Eleven Madison, a skyscraper in the heart of Manhattan, is using cool, frozen ice overnight to cool the building, reported CBS News. Four stories below ground, an ice battery system freezes water during the night, when electrical use is low, and uses this ice to cool the building during the day. “There’s about 500,000 pounds of ice created every night,” said Holly Paeper, president of Trane Technologies, a company that did the installation (装置). Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that. According to Paeper, the company has installed the technology in about 4,000 sites worldwide. The system in the basement of Eleven Madison uses 100 tanks that are each the size of a parking spot. Because there’s a lot of energy consumed in freezing water, a more effective way had to be found. “We take water, and add some other elements in it,” explained Dr. Patrick Shamberger, an associate professor at Texas A&M University. “So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.” While ice batteries aren’t being used to cool food or to power electrical devices, they’re being used to cool buildings. For now, combining ice batteries with other types of energy storage from renewables can help the power grid (电网) to keep up in hot weather as well as lower the cost of electricity. It’s a win-win for all. 1.What do we know about the way Eleven Madison cools the building? A. It uses air conditioning all day long. B. It freezes water during the daytime when electrical use is low. C. It creates large amounts of ice every night. D. It has an ice battery system on the ground floor. 2.What does the author want to stress in paragraph 3? A. The necessity of ice batteries. B. The popularity of the technology. C. The features of the high-rise. D. The significance of air conditioning. 3.Why were some elements added in the water? A. To make the water cleaner. B. To use the energy fully. C. To control the temperature. D. To add space occupation. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Process of Ice Battery Production B. Power-hungry Air Conditioning C. Advantages of Storing Electricity D. A Creative System for Cooling 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍纽约市一栋摩天大楼采用夜间制冰、白天用冰制冷的冰电池系统，既缓解电网压力又降低电费，是创新降温方案。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Four stories below ground, an ice battery system freezes water during the night, when electrical use is low, and uses this ice to cool the building during the day. “There’s about 500,000 pounds of ice created every night,” said Holly Paeper, president of Trane Technologies, a company that did the installation (装置).(在地下四层，一套冰电池系统会在夜间用电量较低时将水冷冻，白天再利用这些冰为大楼降温。“每晚大约能制造50万磅冰块，”特灵科技公司总裁霍利・佩珀说道，该公司负责了这套装置的安装工作。)”可知，Eleven Madison大楼通过夜间制造大量冰块，利用冰电池系统为建筑降温。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that.(全球范围内，空调占家庭和企业能源消耗的近20%。然而，在极端炎热的天气里，这个数字可能会飙升至70%。像Eleven Madison这样的装置有助于降低这一比例。)”可知，作者通过强调空调能耗高的问题，突出冰电池系统的必要性。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We take water, and add some other elements in it,” explained Dr. Patrick Shamberger, an associate professor at Texas A&M University. “So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.”(德克萨斯农工大学副教授帕特里克·尚伯格博士解释说：“我们取水，并在其中添加一些其他元素。这样我们基本上可以在0到20℃的范围内，将温度控制在任何我们想要的水平。”)”可知，在水中添加其他元素是为了控制温度。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“But what if you could use nonpeak (非高峰的) electrical hours and store the cold to use the next day? This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice.(但如果你能利用非高峰用电时间储存冷气，第二天再使用呢？这个想法在纽约市一栋用冰制冷的摩天大楼里成为了现实。)”可知，文章核心围绕冰电池这一创新降温系统展开，介绍其原理、优势和应用。因此“一种创新的降温系统”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·福建福州黎明中学·期中）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions. In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions. Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked. These clips of videos were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed. The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力). Afterwards, the study extended to analyze an existing database of natural video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. “This is a study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” said the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role which facial expressions play in successful social interactions. 1.How did the researchers examine the participants’ ability to control facial expressions? A. By asking them to make complex facial muscle movements. B. By asking them to watch humorous videos and keep a still face. C. By having them use facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. D. By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements. 2.What were the participants asked to do after the first stage? A. Rate the videos of other participants. B. Engage in further social interactions. C. Assess the readability of their own emotions. D. Record short videos under specific conditions. 3.What can we learn about the FACS? A. It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity. B. It decides the social success of individuals. C. It improves the likability of facial expressions. D. It is a method for promoting participants’ likability. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. FACS: A New Method for Social Science B. Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success C. The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D. The Way to Be Likable and Socially Successful 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动。解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions.(参与者还被要求在他们的伴侣试图刺激运动时保持面部静止，以测试他们控制面部表情的能力)”可知，研究人员让他们的伴侣试着让他们做出面部动作检测参与者控制面部表情的能力。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked.(在这些互动之后，参与者录制了短视频，他们的目的是实现特定的社交目标，比如不同意某人的观点，但不被讨厌)”可知，在第一阶段之后，参与者被要求在特定条件下录制短视频。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力).(研究人员使用面部动作编码系统（FACS），一种测量面部肌肉活动的方法，来评估每个参与者的表达能力)”可知，FACS是一种评估面部肌肉活动的工具。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions.(诺丁汉特伦特大学的一项新研究表明，面部表情更丰富的人通常更讨人喜欢，在社交上也更成功。这项研究分析了1500多段自然对话，表明复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动。解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。可知，B选项“面部表情：对社交成功很重要”最符合文章标题。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建龙岩九校联考·期中）An international research team has discovered that wild chimps (黑猩猩) in Tanzania’s Gombe National Park demonstrate basic engineering skills when making tools. They deliberately select flexible plant materials to create effective“fishing rods” for catching termites (白蚁), showing advanced understanding of material properties. Published in the journal iScience, these findings provide new insights into how animals develop tools using easily damaged materials — a poorly understood aspect of human technological evolution. Termites serve as an important food source for chimps, rich in protein and nutrients. To extract these insects from their complicated underground nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels. Researchers tested plant materials using portable equipment to measure flexibility. They found that plants ignored by chimps were 175% stiffer than those regularly chosen. Even among plants growing near termite nests, those showing chimp bite marks produced more flexible tools than untouched ones. Lead researcher Dr. Alejandra Pascual-Garrido, who has studied chimp tools for over ten years, stated: “This is the first clear evidence that wild chimps select tool materials based on mechanical performance.” Remarkably, similar plant choices appear in chimp groups living up to 5,000 km from Gombe, suggesting shared engineering principles in their tool-making culture. This indicates chimps may possess“folk physics” — an instinctive understanding of material properties that guides their tool selection. Their engineering skills involve careful material testing rather than random choices. “By combining animal behavior studies with material science, we better understand how chimps evaluate tool effectiveness,” explained Dr. Pascual-Garrido. The research raises questions about how such knowledge is passed between generations, such as young chimps learning by observing their mothers. It also helps scientists understand early human tool-making skills that left no physical evidence. Dr. Adam van Casteren, a biomechanics expert, noted: “Though wooden tools rarely survive in ancient sites, the mechanical rules behind effective tools remain consistent across species.” This comparative approach helps reconstruct physical requirements that shaped early human technology, offering clues about prehistoric tool use that archaeology cannot preserve. 1.Why are specific plant materials often chosen by chimps as tools? A. They are more plentiful. B. They are commonly used. C. They fit into termite nests. D. They attract many termites. 2.What does the underlined word “stiffer” probably mean in paragraph 3? A. Lighter to carry. B. Easier to shape. C. Slower to dry. D. Harder to bend. 3.What does the study reveal about chimp tool-making? A. It follows an intentional process. B. It is passed down through genes. C. It proves chimps are as wise as humans. D. It is an ability limited to a specific group. 4.What is highlighted in the last paragraph? A. Potential criticism. B. Study significance. C. Supporting evidence. D. Research background. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于黑猩猩制作工具能力的研究，揭示了它们如何根据材料特性选择适合的植物材料来制作工具，并探讨了这一发现对人类早期工具制作技能研究的启示。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Termites serve as an important food source for chimps, rich in protein and nutrients. To extract these insects from their complicated underground nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels.(白蚁是黑猩猩的重要食物来源，富含蛋白质和营养物质。为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”可知，黑猩猩选择特定的植物材料来制作工具，是因为这些材料可以适应白蚁巢穴的复杂结构，便于它们捕捉白蚁。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“To extract these insects from their complicated underground nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels.(为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”以及第三段划线词所在的句子“They found that plants ignored by chimps were 175% stiffer than those regularly chosen.(他们发现，被黑猩猩忽视的植物比它们经常选择的植物stiffer175%)”可知，黑猩猩需要细小、可弯曲的棍子来捕捉白蚁，那么，被黑猩猩忽视的植物就是更硬，更不易弯曲的，因此可推断出“stiffer”在这里的意思是“更硬，更不易弯曲”。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“This indicates chimps may possess “folk physics” — an instinctive understanding of material properties that guides their tool selection. Their engineering skills involve careful material testing rather than random choices.(这表明黑猩猩可能具备‘民间物理学’——一种对物质特性的本能理解，这种理解指导着它们对工具的选择。它们的工程技能体现在对材料的仔细测试上，而非随意的选择)”可知，研究揭示了黑猩猩在制作工具时遵循了一个有意识的过程，它们会根据材料的机械性能来选择合适的材料。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The research raises questions about how such knowledge is passed between generations, such as young chimps learning by observing their mothers. It also helps scientists understand early human tool-making skills that left no physical evidence. Dr. Adam van Casteren, a biomechanics expert, noted: “Though wooden tools rarely survive in ancient sites, the mechanical rules behind effective tools remain consistent across species.” This comparative approach helps reconstruct physical requirements that shaped early human technology, offering clues about prehistoric tool use that archaeology cannot preserve.(这项研究引发了关于此类知识在代际之间如何传承的疑问，比如幼年黑猩猩是通过观察母亲来学习的。它还帮助科学家理解早期人类的工具制作技能，这些技能没有留下任何实物证据。生物力学专家亚当·范·卡斯特伦博士指出：‘尽管木制工具在古代遗址中很少能保存下来，但有效工具背后的机械原理在不同物种中是保持一致的。’这种比较方法有助于重建塑造早期人类技术的物理要求，为考古学无法保存的史前工具使用情况提供了线索)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究的意义。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）We’re happy to introduce News for Classroom Use: a weekly newsletter with a piece of news and activities based on it which you can use as a warm-up, a filler or a wrap-up task. The newsletter might include: discussion questions, tasks around headlines and images, comments to respond to, vocabulary and links to related ESL. Brains lesson plans. How to use the newsletter The stories covered in the newsletter range from breaking news to more evergreen content which you will be able to go back to according to your students needs. The newsletter itself has several parts. INTRO: A short paragraph describing-what the news is about. You might need to read it out to students or it may also serve as a reference point to you, depending on the activities that go with the particular piece of news. ACTIVITY: A task or tasks for students to work on in the classroom. Each newsletter contains a set of questions related to the news. You might ask students to discuss all of them or just some of them. If you teach lower-level students, use the easier questions or just ask students to say what they think about the news. Other activities might include completing headlines, commenting on pictures, reporting what students have heard about the news, etc. Subscribe to the newsletter If you are an Unlimited or a Premium user and you’re subscribed to our newsletters, the News for Classroom Use newsletter will drop into your mailbox every Wednesday. 1.Which is a feature of the newsletter? A. It posts daily updates. B. It contains advanced vocabulary. C. It emphasizes breaking news. D. It offers reusable reading materials. 2.What activity can be recommended to beginners? A. Rewriting related news. B. Choosing news pictures. C. Expressing their opinions. D. Contributing to the newsletter. 3.Who is the text intended for? A. News presenters. B. Teachers. C. Foreign students. D. Journalists. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）About 4 billion people already experience water shortage for at least one month a year and this number could double by 2050, according to a 2024 study. Yet progress on water shortage targets under the UN Sustainable Development Goals is off track. Professor Guenther, director of the UN University’s Institute, says that water shortage has largely been invisible to policymakers. Fortunately, many technologies to make better use of water resources are developing. These include technologies to improve the efficiency of typically energy-intensive desalination (海水的脱盐) plants, and the improved biological treatment processes that effectively double the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to increase the water available for industrial and agricultural use. Investment has not always been available for water resource solutions. The water sector is a $500 billion marketplace, representing a huge opportunity for investors. But investing in this area requires a willingness to wait for returns in the longer term. Investment in new technologies is not the only answer, says Brooke, co-editor of Unconcentional Water Resources, a book published by the UN earlier this year to urge the use of various and plentiful resources that until now have not received much attention. These range from the millions of cubic kilometers of water in deep land-based and seabed aquifers (含水层), and in fog and icebergs, to reusing water from the ballast holds (压载舱) of thousands of ships for agriculture. “It is a human approach to think that sufficient technology will address the problem. But if there’s no rain, if the groundwater level gets lower and lower, if we cannot dig deeper, and there is no option for desalination, this is when we start thinking,” says Brooke. “But by then it’s very often too late.” 1.What causes the slow progress on water shortage solutions according to Guenther? A. Insufficient funds. B. The lack of effective policies. C. Outdated technology. D. The rise of global warming. 2.What stops investors from investing in the water sector? A. The limited market. B. The long profit cycle. C. The high investment risk. D. The large initial investment. 3.Which measure did the UN suggest taking earlier this year? A. Promoting water use efficiency. B. Improving wastewater treatment. C. Building more desalination plants. D. Seeking alternative water resources. 4.What does the author want to do in the last paragraph? A. Issue a warning. B. Launch an appeal. C. Make a prediction. D. Highlight an approach. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建泉州科技中学等·期中）A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles (针) were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors reexplain the evidence of recent discoveries in the development of clothing. “Why do we wear clothes? We think that it’s part of being human. When you look at different cultures, you realize that people existed and functioned perfectly enough in society,” Dr. Gilligan says. “What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments.” The earliest known eyed needles appeared about 40,000 years ago in Siberia. One of the man-made objects from the Stone Age, eyed needles are more difficult to make when compared to bone awls (尖钻), which was used for creating fitted clothing. Bone awls are tools made of animal bones that are sharpened. Eyed needles are revised bone awls, with a hole in them. As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex (复杂的) clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors argue that clothing became an item of decoration because traditional body decoration methods, like body painting, weren’t possible during the latter part of the last Ice Age in colder parts of Eurasia, because people were needing to wear clothes all the time to survive. The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. 1.What was Dr. Gilligan’s doubt related to? A. The long history of clothing. B. The function of clothes. C. The wide-spread area of clothing. D. The process of making clothes. 2.Why might eyed needles be considered more advanced than bone awls? A. They were made of stronger materials. B. They helped produce fancier clothes. C. They were easier to produce than bone awls. D. They were used mainly for creating basic clothing. 3.What does the author think of the changes of clothing? A. Beneficial. B. Challenging. C. Impractical. D. Confusing. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. The history of eyed needles: Their use in ancient China. B. The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing. C. The development of technology: Eyed needles and bone awls. D. The innovation of bone awls: Impact on clothing decoration. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建厦泉五校·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the biggest winner of this year’s Nobel Prize. AI pioneers were recognized with the Nobel Prize in physics, while the Nobel Prize in chemistry also had AI-related contributions. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI boom, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve deriving (获得) outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 1.What was John Hopfield recognized for in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics? A. Inventing the Boltzmann machine. B. Creating AI models for image analysis. C. Developing a network for pattern storage. D. Designing a new type of computer processor. 2.What is the significance of AlphaFold2? A. It can synthesize (合成) new proteins for drug use. B. It can forecast protein folding patterns. C. It can analyze the genetic sequences (顺序) of proteins. D. It can identify proteins related to diseases 3.According to Yang Maojun, what is one factor that limits the scope of Al applications? A. The availability of real-world data. B. The accuracy of AI training data. C. The level of human involvement in AI learning. D. The effectiveness of deep learning algorithms (算法). 4.What concern did Hinton raise about AI during the Nobel press conference? A. The risk of AI becoming unmanageable. B. The potential for AI to replace human creativity C. The slow adoption of AI in scientific research. D. The lack of ethical guidelines for AI development. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·福建福九联盟·期中）Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly warns you of the danger of an upcoming flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to develop into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are integrated, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算法) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology (气象学) holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car warning you of trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of falling down due to strong winds. That’s a breakthrough we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the groundwork for these weather-predicting abilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity (湿度), and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into car systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of the connected devices, improving accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while improving the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives per year by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the arrival of a changing age in car technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An age where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect—it’s the norm. 1.What can the future cars probably do? A. Stop extreme weather happening. B. Change the path of the hurricane. C. Detect terrible weather conditions. D. Teach drivers how to predict weather. 2.What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. The functions of complex sensors. B. Operational principle of future cars. C. The concept of the Internet of Things. D. Increasing complexity of road safety. 3.What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Reliable. B. Complex. C. Necessary. D. Unrealistic. 4.What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A. To keep promises. B. To make predictions. C. To express regrets. D. To offer suggestions. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·福建福九联盟·期中）I am addicted to Instagram, particularly to its bookish communities. I can’t open the app without seeing a meme (梗图), artwork or quote about one of my favorite book series. But my Instagram feed is flooded with AI “art” — though to me, it is nothing but plagiarism (剽窃). Instagram seemingly has no problem with highlighting AI “artists”, which to me is a harm to real artists. Each AI “art” post takes the place of a bookish artist who spent countless hours creating truly amazing artwork. As a journalist and future educator, I can’t view AI “art” as anything but plagiarism because it is collected from artists who have not agreed to the use of their work, nor do they receive credit for it. For creatives like Bronwyn Lipka, a 25-year-old bookish artist, the reality of having their work stolen is ever-present. “AI ‘artists’ are essentially stealing your art, but there’s no way to know if they’re doing it because they face no consequences,” Lipka said. And it’s not just the AI “artists” that are contributing to this culture of irresponsibility. Meta, the parent company of Instagram, considers public Instagram posts to be part of its training data — including generative AI art training. Artists must decide whether continuing to use Meta apps, where they’ve built up a following, is worth AI stealing their intellectual property (知识产权). Many of my favorite artists have made the move to a platform that does not use AI models on user content. Ultimately, if artists continue to leave Meta platforms, the bookish community will struggle. Worse, if the bookish community starts to fade, book sales will drop sharply right down with them. Though I am not against AI and aware that it has the potential to do some really great things, I cannot stand for the continuous lack of forethought in deciding where and when it should be used. Therefore, I urge Meta and any other companies introducing AI into their programming to consider the ethics of doing so, before it’s too late. 1.What does the author try to say in the first paragraph? A. Artists feel ashamed of plagiarism. B. Instagram is a widely used platform. C. The AI-created works take over Instagram. D. The bookish communities need improving. 2.What can be inferred from Lipka’s words in paragraph 3? A. AI “art” won’t take the place of real art. B. Artistic competition is becoming serious. C. Bookish artists are losing work ownership. D. AI “artists” are getting away with stealing art. 3.How does Meta’s use of Instagram posts affect artists? A. It drives them to leave Meta platforms. B. It gives them access to a wider audience. C. It increases their book sales significantly. D. It destroys their faith in intellectual property. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A rising tendency of creating art with AI. B. Artists’ struggle for recognition in the AI age. C. The balance between AI and human creativity. D. A call for protection of human artists against AI art. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福宁古五校教学联合体·期中）When we’re tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That’s because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true? Nathaniel Hoyle, a scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology m Cambridge, UK, has been leading a study into this topic. The team discovered that fibroblast cells (成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night. These cells help close up a wound after the skin is broken and lay a foundation for new skin to grow. Why exactly are these cells less active at night? It’s all to do with your body’s circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm — a 24-hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time. New Scientist reported that a group of 30 genes that control the fibroblasts worked only daytime shifts, causing the slower healing process at night. To test its theory, the Cambridge-based team examined data from the International Burn Injury Database, which records details of burn victims around the world. This analysis revealed that nighttime burns, on average, took 11 more days to heal than burns during the day. A similar result occurred while experimenting using live mice. Those that were cut during night-time hours recovered more slowly than those during the day. “You can see by eyes, when the cell is wounded only 8 hours apart from each other, in different circadian periods, the daytime wounded ones take off, and the nighttime ones drag,” research team member John O’Neill told Science Alert. He added, “The time-varying response may be an evolutionary adaptation. As people are more likely to sustain injuries when awake than when sleeping, perhaps our bodies are prepared to respond more quickly in the daytime.” He went on to say that it could be beneficial to schedule surgeries in time with people’s circadian rhythms, earlier for early birds and later for night owls, in order to lessen recovery time. However, in any case, it might be best not to use anything sharp once the sun goes down. 1.Why does the author mention people going to bed earlier when tired or injured? A. To list common methods of recharging the body. B. To explain why people suffer from injuries easily. C. To prove sleep is the only method to deal with stress. D. To arouse readers’ interest in the truth of night healing. 2.What do the researchers find during their research? A. Burns take the same time to heal regardless of their cut time. B. Fibroblast cells boost the healing by working nighttime shift. C. Mice respond differently in the healing process from humans. D. A body’s circadian rhythm matters in waking up fibroblast cells. 3.How might scheduling surgeries according to circadian rhythms help patients? A. It can reduce the risk of surgery failure. B. It can reduce the pain felt during surgery. C. It can shorten the recovery time after surgery. D. It can help patients wake up faster after surgery. 4.What can be a suitable title for this passage? A. A Study Offers Clues to Treating Injuries B. Why We Heal Injuries Better in the Daytime C. How We Heal Wounds and Injuries Effectively D. Scientists Unlock the Secret to Avoiding Injuries Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）China’s meat consumption has increased rapidly and diversified (多样化) in the last 60 years. The chart below shows the amount of meat available for consumption in different periods. Go back to China in the 1960s, and you’ll find that the average person ate very little meat. This isn’t surprising—almost the whole country lived in great poverty at that time while it has always been a fact that meat consumption is closely connected with and mostly depends on income: as countries get richer, they are more likely to have meat-heavier diets. However, as the chart shows, meat supply per person has increased significantly over the last sixty years. In 1962, annual consumption was just 4 kilograms per person. By 2022, it had increased almost 18-fold to 70 kilograms. It’s not only the amount of meat consumed that’s changed. In the 1960s and 1980s, almost all meat came from pork. Today, pork is still the biggest share, but is joined by more poultry and beef. This change in diet matters for various reasons. More diversified diets, which are not only about animal products, tend to be more nutritious than monotonous staple-heavy (单一的，以主食为主的) diets that are common for people living in poverty. But this increase in meat consumption also comes with a large environmental impact and consequences for the good of animals. 1.How much did pork consumption per person increase from 1982 to 2022? A. 55 kg. B. 39.9kg. C. 27.3kg. D. 12.6kg. 2.Why did the average person in China eat little meat during the 1960s? A. Meat was unaffordable for most people. B. There was a serious shortage of meat production. C. People preferred to eat other foods rather than meat. D. The government limited people’s meat consumption. 3.Which of the following matches people’s present diet? A. It’s more environment-friendly than before. B. People enjoy a more diverse mix nowadays. C. It places especially heavy emphasis on fat intake. D. Poultry and beef become the main meat supply. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建厦泉五校·期中）As ice sheets melted, they often left behind landscapes that typically take many years to become habitable for vegetation and wildlife. However, recent research has discovered that in just three years, these poor areas can be brought back to life by South American camelids (美洲鸵). By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed (吃草)the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. As is the case worldwide, glaciers are disappearing in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountains at an astonishing rate. And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. But the size and speed of the changes the camelids helped bring about surprised the researchers. “Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Results of camelids herding. B. Impacts of climate change. C. Ancestral Andean practices. D. Partnership with local farmers. 2.What might be a consequence of glaciers’ melting? A. Increased acidic runoff. B. Reduced rock weathering. C. Decline in summer rainfall. D. Shortage of mineral resources. 3.Why are “the reindeer” and “the auroch” mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To clarify a potential problem. B. To explain a natural phenomenon. C. To compare different rewilding project. D. To justify a conservation effort. 4.What is Kelsey Reider’s attitude towards camelids herding? A. Disapproving. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中）There is an academic department at Arizona State University that may surprise many people: More than 90% of undergraduates that have done a local internship (实习工作) are employed when they graduate. The department? Not business or computer science, as many people may initially guess, but English. It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors — and others in humanities (人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college. Nationally, the number of humanities majors remained flat between 2015 and 2020. But at some US colleges, the number is increasing — and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors. The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture. Students who study these disciplines can expect to do a lot of writing, critical thinking, close reading and discussion. All of these are skills that develop a person’s ability to see a problem from many different angles and communicate persuasively. For some careers, an undergraduate degree in the humanities is a clear advantage. Billy Dunaway, chair of the philosophy department at the University of Missouri, says his students pursue careers in many fields, including business, public policy, insurance and computer science. For students planning to apply to law school, the way philosophy is taught — through the Socratic method, where the professor leads with a question which develops into a back-and-forth discussion and sometimes debate — prepares them well. Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method. 1.What is the common belief about humanities majors? A. They are losing their marketability. B. They have poor employment prospects. C. They get few internship opportunities. D. They are limited to humanities fields. 2.What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Disciplines are treated equally nationwide. B. Job satisfaction varies greatly with majors. C. Undergraduates have various major choices. D. Humanities partly gain increasing recognition. 3.Which might be a focus of the humanities? A. Persuasive writing. B. Cross-disciplinary integration. C. Cultural understanding. D. Multidimensional problem-solving. 4.Why can philosophy benefit students planning to apply to law school? A. It improves their logical abilities. B. It covers knowledge of different fields. C. It emphasizes their critical thinking. D. It follows law school’s teaching method. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建厦门双十中学·期中）A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 1.What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but tie to everyday life. B. Tiny but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but mask personal connections. 2.Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a point. C. To explore a rule. D. To clarify a concept. 3.What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. History is full of injustice. B. History is made up of fun stories. C. Painful things should be left behind. D. All historical facts should be acknowledged. 4.What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Engage their family with better stories. C. Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·福建厦门双十中学·期中）Shared mobility: Making travel easier for all In major cities across Europe and the US, shared bikes and cars seem to be everywhere. Yet for disabled, elderly, low-income individuals, or those without a smartphone or credit card, these services are practically out of reach. Such services tend to gather in wealthy urban areas, leaving users largely young, wealthy, and able-bodied. Barriers to using shared mobility Higher income      Lower income ① Lack of familiarity with the system ② High cost of the system ③ Inaccessibility of locations Percent reporting barrier Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. But to be most effective, it needs to include everyone. For-profit shared mobility providers have largely failed to deliver on this, but various projects are finding creative solutions to reach under-served communities. ●Buffalo’s E-Bike Library: Organizes training, group rides and educational events to familiarize people with cycling culture and safety, with 71% of members being first-time riders. ●Mobitwin’s car-share service: Gives priority (优先权) to email-and phone-based bookings over apps to extend reach to a wider share of the population lacking digital skills, helping them access the service more easily. ●U.S.bike-sharing policy: Provides fare reductions for low-income groups, with cash payment options and non-smartphone access as key measures to broaden adoption, which has shown promise in increasing the use of shared bikes while decreasing the use of personal vehicles. ●Graz’s car-share projects: Add wheelchair-accessible vehicles, child seats, and station-based booking to suit diverse users’ needs, such as mid-route pickups and multi-destination trips. The future of shared mobility relies on making inclusive design a top priority. As Esen Köse, project manager at Mpact, puts it, “It’s about starting with people’s needs.” 1.What is the percentage gap between lower and higher income users in Barrier 1? A. 3%. B. 16%. C. 26%. D. 71%. 2.Which solution targets Barrier 2? A. Buffalo’s E-Bike Library. B. Mobitwin’s car-share service. C. U.S.bike-sharing policy. D. Graz’s car-share projects. 3.What will shape the future of shared mobility according to Esen Köse? A. Tech-based design. B. Charity-run project. C. Profit-driven service. D. User-centered accessibility. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建厦门第二中学·期中）Preventing the illegal hunting of any creature is hard, especially when relatively small numbers of park staff are often responsible for patrolling (巡逻) large areas. So researchers at the Institute of Subtropical Biology (ISB) and park-staff in Iguazú National Park of Argentina have been exploring new means of predicting where poachers (偷猎者) might strike — and they are turning to new kinds of mapping technology for help. In recent years, the staff of the Park have used satellite phones, along with the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) for position analysis. But SMART technology is only as helpful as the data available to inform it. “The whole operational situation improved a lot, but the reality is that we are still faced with a high number of hunters,” says Bellonì, a staff of the Park. Environmentalists in Iguazú are thus constantly on the lookout for new ways to map and predict poaching hot spots. One additional mapping tool could be based on audio (音频). For seven months from August 2018, researchers from ISB used audio monitoring methods to map poaching hot spots inside the Park. The study covered an extremely large 4,637 sq km area and, by situating the automatic recorders high on trees out of sight of poachers, the research team were able to record gunshot sounds up to 2km away from each location. After seven months, they had recorded gunshots at 43 sites out of 90, with a range of 1 to 68 shots per site. The researchers then used this information to produce a predictive map of poaching activity. They also validated their model with field trips to look for physical evidence, such as bullet shells and cut plants, and showed that the predictive map was 82% reliable (可靠的), says Julia Martinez Pardo, the lead author of the study. The practical application of this system could, in future, further help the efficiency of patrolling. By cross-referencing the audio monitoring data with the existing patrol routes, the park staff could establish whether their current tours match with the places with greatest gunshot activity. If the maps don’t match, then the patrols could be changed. 1.What is the researchers’ purpose of working with park-staff in Iguazú National Park? A. To forecast poachers’ movements. B. To study creatures in the forest. C. To create new SMART technology. D. To find evidence of illegal activities. 2.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. SMART technology is ineffective without available data. B. SMART technology has been completely given up. C. Audio monitoring methods have been widely used. D. Loud sounds can drive away the hunters. 3.What does the underlined word “validated” mean in paragraph 4? A. Defined. B. Proved. C. Maintained. D. Suited. 4.How will the new system help the park’s patrolling staff? A. By upgrading their working equipment. B. By telling them when to start their patrols. C. By providing them with different patrol routes. D. By showing them whether to change patrol routes. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中）How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption. In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria (细菌) living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter (生物过滤器), cleaning the water so that the whole system remains healthy. Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. All that is required is food for the fish. Additionally, aquaponics is a model for sustainable food production because it recycles all of the materials it uses. 1.How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By giving definitions. B. By presenting arguments. C. By analyzing theories. D. By making comparisons. 2.What can we learn about an aquaponics system? A. Its plants use the fish waste directly. B. Its components coexist for survival. C. Its grow bed supplies space for fish. D. Its bacteria control the plant growth. 3.Which is an advantage of aquaponics? A. Raising protein content in plants. B. Using recycled materials to build. C. Lowering the water consumption. D. Requiring zero human assistance. 4.Which might be a suitable title for the text? A. All Creatures Are Connected B. Hunger: Fight It Till the End C. Feeding the Future with Less D. Closed System: Final Solution 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）Stanford assistant professor Ruike Zhao published a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in Nature: using a tiny 2 mm micro-robot, she increased the success rate of blood clot (血块) removal from a mere 11% to an amazing 90%, sending shockwaves through the medical world. In modern society, about one in a dozen people may experience a blood clot in their lifetime. It is known that blood clots are the leading cause of strokes (中风) and heart attacks. During the treatment, the ability to quickly and effectively restore blood flow becomes a matter of life and death. Unfortunately, traditional mechanical methods have a low success rate. The process is like trying to pick up broken tofu with chopsticks-not only is success unlikely, but the situation may even worsen. Blood clots may break apart while being deformed, resulting in small pieces stuck in hard-to-reach areas. However, Professor Zhao’s 2mm micro-robot enters blood vessels (血管) and, using high-speed rotation (旋转), generates forces to reduce the clot size to 5%. It’s like when you press and rub soft things, like hair, between your hands. The force makes them stick together into a small ball. The micro-robot works similarly, using pressure to bring the clot parts together, making them easier to remove. This process requires no drugs, causes no vessel damage, and effectively releases trapped red blood cells back into blood. What’s astonishing is that this innovation is inspired from subway TBMs, tunnel-boring machines (隧道掘进机). The way tunnel-boring machines efficiently handle hard soil and rock in narrow spaces inspired the creation. This brilliant Chinese researcher downsized the enormous underground machine to a size tens of thousands of times smaller and adapted it for use in human blood vessels. Currently, the technology has been successfully tested on pigs. While most of these studies remain in the laboratory phase, the breakthrough itself is exciting. This technology may soon extend beyond blood clots to address issues like kidney stones or gallstones. 1.How does the author present the breakthrough in paragraph 1? A. By contrasting the figures. B. By explaining a technical term. C. By mentioning a related theory. D. By providing the study’s background. 2.What is the advantage of Zhao’s micro-robot over traditional methods? A. It generates blood more rapidly. B. It is recyclable and economical. C. It prevents clots from forming again. D. It raises success rate and reduces side effects. 3.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning TBMs? A. The cost of medical robotics. B. The reason for the numerous trials. C. The inspiration behind the innovation. D. The importance of modern machinery. 4.What is the best title of the passage? A. A Chinese Pioneer in Blood Disease Healthcare B. TBM-inspired Robot Solves Various Medical Issues C. Micro-robot: A Breakthrough in Blood Clot Removal D. Stanford’s New Robot Treats Strokes and Heart Attacks Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建漳州第一中学·期中）A child’s notebook, a handwritten letter from a long-lost friend, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special project. Some objects symbolize major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray (托盘) used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. It turns out that the ordinary can be extraordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark sides of our past. In one episode (剧集), Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “Prohibition zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, the tone of Extra-Ordinary Things is mostly optimistic. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allowing us to face up to the realities and enabling us to make choices that might serve to set things right. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said, “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 1.What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but of no commercial value. B. Small but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but relate to each other. 2.What does the underlined phrase “shies away from” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Evaluates. B. Avoids. C. Warns. D. Adopts. 3.What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. Storytelling should idealize reality. B. Life is always full of ups and downs. C. Painful things should be left far behind. D. Historical facts should be acknowledged. 4.What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Entertain their family with funny stories. C. Ask for advice from family and friends. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·福建厦门外国语学校·期中）The global shipping industry is alone responsible for three percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions (排放)humans produce. If left unaddressed, in a few decades, it will account for over 10 percent of the total man-made emissions. A new study from MIT researchers reveals a practical solution to this problem. The study authors have developed an emission-free approach to produce hydrogen (H₂) fuel, which generates only water when burned, for commercial ships. They also claim they can make hydrogen fuel using easily accessible resources. This isn’t the first study proposing the use of aluminum (a silver-gray metal that soda cans are made from) for producing hydrogen fuel. It’s already well known that when aluminum and water react, hydrogen is formed as one of the byproducts. Such chemical reactions, however, come with a sort of a dilemma: It only works when aluminum is used in its pure state. The moment aluminum meets with oxygen, such as in air, its surface immediately forms a protective layer that prevents further reactions. During their study, the researchers turned recycled soda cans into small aluminum balls. They pretreated the aluminum balls with a rare-metal alloy (合金) that effectively purifies aluminum, making it into a pure form that can react with seawater to generate hydrogen. The salt ions (离子) in the seawater can in turn attract and recover the alloy, which can be reused to generate more hydrogen. The team found that this reaction successfully produced hydrogen gas, though slowly. They experimented with different chemicals including the ones that are typically found in kitchens and realized that adding coffee made a difference. “A low concentration of caffeine is enough to produce the same amount of hydrogen in just five minutes, compared to two hours without it,” the study authors note. “The next part is to figure out how to use this for trucks, trains, and maybe airplanes,” Aly Kombargi, lead study author, said. 1.How can the MIT researchers contribute to the shipping industry? A. By providing a clean energy source. B. By developing new fuel storage methods. C. By improving fuel efficiency in existing ships. D. By planning more convenient shipping routes 2.What is the challenge when making hydrogen from aluminum? A. Hydrogen is too expensive to make. B. The chemical reaction happens too slow. C. Aluminum easily reacts with oxygen. D. The metal surface prevents further reactions. 3.What can be inferred about the MIT researchers’ hydrogen generation process? A. It requires large quantities of alloy. B. It produces significant waste chemicals. C. It creates hydrogen in a sustainable cycle. D. It generates hydrogen with low purity. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Hydrogen Fuel: A Game Changer of Transportation B. Cans+ Seawater+ Coffee: A Greener Shipping Future C. Coffee: The Secret Substance for Clean Shipping Fuel D. Aluminum: A Pioneering Material for Hydrogen Produce 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建泉州四校联考·期中）Recently, researchers have discovered that light pollution is causing birds to wake up earlier and go to sleep later. This finding came as a surprise to the researchers. “While we expected some behavioral adjustments to the lights at night, we didn’t envisage that it would be this influential,” says Neil Gilbert, an ecologist at Oklahoma State University. This study marks the first global research into how artificial lighting affects birds’ daily lives. Past research has repeatedly shown that bright city lights can be confusing and deadly for traveling birds, sending them off course. But Gilbert and his colleague Brent Pease adopted a broader approach by analyzing millions of bird-song recordings. These recordings were collected by thousands of devices (设备) placed in backyards and other locations, by non-professional birdwatchers and other wildlife enthusiasts across continents, as part of a program called BirdWeather. After checking the data for 4.4 million bird calls, the team studied the daily start and end times of singing activities of 583 bird species, comparing those times to the local light pollution levels. In the brightest places, birds extended their singing time by an average of 50 minutes compared with the darkest — by 18 minutes in the morning and 32 minutes in the evening. Overall, birds with larger eyes relative to their body size showed the strongest response to light pollution. The Hairy Woodpecker, for example, has relatively small eyes. “It didn’t respond strongly to light pollution,” Pease explained. “Neither did the Eastern Bluebird. Additionally, birds that nest in dark areas — like holes in trees — weren’t significantly affected by light pollution.” The researchers stress that the natural patterns of birds’ being interrupted deserves close attention. However, they say it’s too early to tell if staying up longer is actually harmful to the birds. They say it’s possible that the birds are adjusting somehow and that extra activity may even be helpful, giving birds more time to find food to feed their young. 1.What does the underlined word “envisage” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Predict. B. Claim. C. Prove. D. Explain. 2.What do we know about Gilbert and Pease’s bird research? A. It was inspired by bird calls. B. It examined mass bird-song data. C. It was based on local past research. D. It relied on data collected in the wild. 3.What does the study find about the Eastern Bluebird? A. It hates singing overtime. B. It has relatively larger eyes. C. It is not sensitive to light. D. It tends to live in darkness. 4.What’s the researchers’ attitude to the changes of birds’ sleeping patterns? A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Anxious. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·福建福州黎明中学·期中）A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing haptic feedback gloves and a virtual reality (VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away, offering a way for people to attend events without travelling. iCub 3 is a 52-kilogram, 125-centimetre-tall robot with 54 points of articulation across its aluminium alloy and plastic body. Its head contains two cameras where a human’s eyes would be, and an Internet-connected computer where the brain would go. Along with the cameras, sensors covering its body transmit the collected information to the robot’s “brain”, which is then replicated on the special gloves and VR headset worn by a remote human operator. When the operator reacts to what they see and feel, the gloves’ sensors pick up the movements and the robot matches them. “The key is to translate every signal and bit of numeric data that can be sent through the network,” says Stefano Dafarra at the Italian Institute of Technology, who was part of the iCub 3 team. There can be a small delay of up to 100 milliseconds to transmit the visual film, but the operator can lessen this by moving slightly slower than normal. The team has demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale held in Venice in northeastern Italy, where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stayed in Genoa, a seaport in northwestern Italy. Dafarra hopes people will use iCub 3 to attend events remotely, reducing the need to travel. But at present, a fall could be hugely damaging to the robot, and it’s uncertain whether it could stand up again on its own, he says. “iCub 3 is an interesting robot and offers clear advantages from the previous version,” says Jonathan Aitken at the University of Sheffield, whose laboratory owns a prior version of the robot. However, he is disappointed that the team isn’t clear in its research about iCub 3’s data transmission requirements. “It will be good to know just how much data is required, and what the upper and lower limits are,” he says. 1.What is the function of the sensors on iCub 3’s body? A. Sending the data. B. Guiding the operator. C. Stopping iCub 3 from falling. D. Supporting the cameras. 2.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The difficulty in filming. B. The network’s disconnection. C. The late transmission of data. D. The operator’s improper use. 3.Why are Venice and Genoa mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To demonstrate iCub 3’s popularity in the two cities. B. To show iCub 3’s ability to break the distance limit. C. To indicate technology’s threat to tourist destinations. D. To note robots’ wide application in Italian exhibitions. 4.What does Aitken want to know about iCub 3? A. The way it captures videos. B. Its process of translating data. C. Its advantages over the prior one. D. The amount of data it requires. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·福建龙岩九校联考·期中）How do you beat the summer heat? If you’re like most people, you turn the air conditioning on when it’s the hottest time of the day. But what if you could use nonpeak (非高峰的) electrical hours and store the cold to use the next day? This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice. Eleven Madison, a skyscraper in the heart of Manhattan, is using cool, frozen ice overnight to cool the building, reported CBS News. Four stories below ground, an ice battery system freezes water during the night, when electrical use is low, and uses this ice to cool the building during the day. “There’s about 500,000 pounds of ice created every night,” said Holly Paeper, president of Trane Technologies, a company that did the installation (装置). Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that. According to Paeper, the company has installed the technology in about 4,000 sites worldwide. The system in the basement of Eleven Madison uses 100 tanks that are each the size of a parking spot. Because there’s a lot of energy consumed in freezing water, a more effective way had to be found. “We take water, and add some other elements in it,” explained Dr. Patrick Shamberger, an associate professor at Texas A&M University. “So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.” While ice batteries aren’t being used to cool food or to power electrical devices, they’re being used to cool buildings. For now, combining ice batteries with other types of energy storage from renewables can help the power grid (电网) to keep up in hot weather as well as lower the cost of electricity. It’s a win-win for all. 1.What do we know about the way Eleven Madison cools the building? A. It uses air conditioning all day long. B. It freezes water during the daytime when electrical use is low. C. It creates large amounts of ice every night. D. It has an ice battery system on the ground floor. 2.What does the author want to stress in paragraph 3? A. The necessity of ice batteries. B. The popularity of the technology. C. The features of the high-rise. D. The significance of air conditioning. 3.Why were some elements added in the water? A. To make the water cleaner. B. To use the energy fully. C. To control the temperature. D. To add space occupation. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Process of Ice Battery Production B. Power-hungry Air Conditioning C. Advantages of Storing Electricity D. A Creative System for Cooling 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·福建福州黎明中学·期中）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions. In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions. Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked. These clips of videos were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed. The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力). Afterwards, the study extended to analyze an existing database of natural video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. “This is a study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” said the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role which facial expressions play in successful social interactions. 1.How did the researchers examine the participants’ ability to control facial expressions? A. By asking them to make complex facial muscle movements. B. By asking them to watch humorous videos and keep a still face. C. By having them use facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. D. By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements. 2.What were the participants asked to do after the first stage? A. Rate the videos of other participants. B. Engage in further social interactions. C. Assess the readability of their own emotions. D. Record short videos under specific conditions. 3.What can we learn about the FACS? A. It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity. B. It decides the social success of individuals. C. It improves the likability of facial expressions. D. It is a method for promoting participants’ likability. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. FACS: A New Method for Social Science B. Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success C. The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D. The Way to Be Likable and Socially Successful 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·福建龙岩九校联考·期中）An international research team has discovered that wild chimps (黑猩猩) in Tanzania’s Gombe National Park demonstrate basic engineering skills when making tools. They deliberately select flexible plant materials to create effective“fishing rods” for catching termites (白蚁), showing advanced understanding of material properties. Published in the journal iScience, these findings provide new insights into how animals develop tools using easily damaged materials — a poorly understood aspect of human technological evolution. Termites serve as an important food source for chimps, rich in protein and nutrients. To extract these insects from their complicated underground nests, chimps require thin, bendable sticks that can navigate winding tunnels. Researchers tested plant materials using portable equipment to measure flexibility. They found that plants ignored by chimps were 175% stiffer than those regularly chosen. Even among plants growing near termite nests, those showing chimp bite marks produced more flexible tools than untouched ones. Lead researcher Dr. Alejandra Pascual-Garrido, who has studied chimp tools for over ten years, stated: “This is the first clear evidence that wild chimps select tool materials based on mechanical performance.” Remarkably, similar plant choices appear in chimp groups living up to 5,000 km from Gombe, suggesting shared engineering principles in their tool-making culture. This indicates chimps may possess“folk physics” — an instinctive understanding of material properties that guides their tool selection. Their engineering skills involve careful material testing rather than random choices. “By combining animal behavior studies with material science, we better understand how chimps evaluate tool effectiveness,” explained Dr. Pascual-Garrido. The research raises questions about how such knowledge is passed between generations, such as young chimps learning by observing their mothers. It also helps scientists understand early human tool-making skills that left no physical evidence. Dr. Adam van Casteren, a biomechanics expert, noted: “Though wooden tools rarely survive in ancient sites, the mechanical rules behind effective tools remain consistent across species.” This comparative approach helps reconstruct physical requirements that shaped early human technology, offering clues about prehistoric tool use that archaeology cannot preserve. 1.Why are specific plant materials often chosen by chimps as tools? A. They are more plentiful. B. They are commonly used. C. They fit into termite nests. D. They attract many termites. 2.What does the underlined word “stiffer” probably mean in paragraph 3? A. Lighter to carry. B. Easier to shape. C. Slower to dry. D. Harder to bend. 3.What does the study reveal about chimp tool-making? A. It follows an intentional process. B. It is passed down through genes. C. It proves chimps are as wise as humans. D. It is an ability limited to a specific group. 4.What is highlighted in the last paragraph? A. Potential criticism. B. Study significance. C. Supporting evidence. D. Research background. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $