Unit 4 知识点 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

2026-09-21
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摘要:

该初中英语八上Unit 4知识清单系统整合了词法、句法及核心词汇用法,涵盖形容词变副词规则、形容词与副词最高级、重点动词(如fold、shoot)、固定搭配(如feel free、play a part in)及特殊句式(How引导的特殊疑问句)等核心内容,为学生搭建了从基础词形变化到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理与关联对比构建知识体系,如最高级变化标注“湿热胖瘦悲哀大红苗”等记忆口诀,易混词“hard(努力地)”与“hardly(几乎不)”单独辨析,核心搭配附情境例句(如the number of与a number of的对比应用)。设计突出实用性与条理性,助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质,教师可直接用于课堂讲解或学生自主复习,高效突破单元重难点。

内容正文:

八上Unit 4 知识点 1. 八上必考之形容词变副词 ①一般情况:形容词后直接加ly的 quick→ quickly slow→ slowly careful→ carefully ②以y结尾的形容词变副词:变y为ily happy→ happily easy→ easily lucky→ luckily ③able结尾或ble结尾: able→ ably ble→bly simple→ simply gentle→ gently heavy→ heavily angry→ angrily ④特殊的单独记:good → well true→ truly 形副同形: fast → fast late→ late;early→ early hard-hard:困难的(形);努力地(副) -------注意:hardly:几乎不(与hard 无关) ⑤无副词形式的(纯形容词): friendly(友好的) lovely(可爱的) lonely(孤独的) lively(活泼的) 2. 八上必考之最高级 (1)定义:三者或三者以上进行的比较。(只有形容词或副词才有最高级) (2)变化规则:①一般情况+est: quiet→ quietest slow→ slowest. ②以e结尾+st: large→ largest late→ latest ③以辅音字母结尾+y: 变y为iest: easy→ easiest early→ earliest ④双写末字母+est : 令人高兴的是,湿热胖瘦悲哀大红苗。 glad(高兴的)、wet(湿的)、hot(热的)、fat(胖的)、thin(瘦的)、sad(悲哀的)、big(大的)、red(红的)、slim(苗条的) (3)前加the most的: ①Most 1 : ing形式、ed形式结尾的形容词前+the most:outgoing开朗的 hard-working 刻苦努力的 interesting—interested(有趣的;感兴趣的) talented有才能的surprising --surprised(惊讶的) tiring—tired(劳累的)relaxing—relaxed(放松的) boring-bored(枯燥的) exciting—excited(刺激的) ②Most 2: ly结尾的副词前 +(the)most: quickly快的 carefully 小心的 quietly安静的 seriously严肃的 happily 快乐的 luckily 幸运的 注意:以下是ly结尾的形容词:-----------变y为iest friendly(友好的)-friendliest lovely(可爱的)-loveliest lonely(孤独的)-loneliest lively(活泼的)-liveliest ③Most 3: ≤ 7个字母的顺口溜(≥8个字母前直接加more) 现代流行怕细心,严紧诚实用耐心,经常积极有帮助和希望,基本出名古得开,很自然、无害地加fun和upset modern(现代的) popular(流行的) afraid(害怕的) careful(仔细的) serious(严肃的) nervous(紧张的) honest(诚实的) useful(有用的) useless(无用的) patient(有耐心的) often(经常的) active(积极的) helpful(有帮助的) helpless(无助的) basic(基本的) famous(著名的) ancient(古代的) open(开放的) natural(自然的) harmless(无害的) harmful(有害的) fun有乐趣的 upset 低落的 (4)特殊的:good/well--best many/much---most bad/badly/ill—worst little--least far--farthest或furthest更远的 例1:Tom is the tallest in his class. =Tom is the tallest of all the students.汤姆在班里是最高的。 例2: I jump the farthest in my class.= I jump the farthest of all the students.我在班里是跳得最远的。 例3:For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet.基于此原因,许多科学家认为蜜蜂是这个星球上最重要的动物。 例4:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 例5:Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. 竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。 例6:China is one of the oldest countries in the world. We are all proud of it. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一,我们都为它感到骄傲。 例7:When autumn comes, one of the most popular activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees.秋天来临,最受欢迎的活动之一就是在银杏树下散步。 (注意:take a walk=have a walk=go for a walk去散步) 例8:Which country is the largest, China, America or Canada?哪国家最大?中国、美国还是加拿大? 例9:Which season do you like best, spring, summer, autumn or winter? 你最喜欢哪个季节?春、夏、秋、还是冬啊? 例10:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 例11: China is the largest country in Asia.= China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is larger than the other countries in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。(同类同范围比) 例12:China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比任何一个非洲国家都要大。(不同范围比) 例13:Mr. Huo is taller than any chair. 霍老师比任何一个椅子都要高(不同类进行比较)。 例14:---What do you think of the TV show? 你认为这个电视节目怎么样? ---Great!I have never seen a better one.棒极了! 我从没看过比这更好的电视节目.(比较级与否定词连用,表达最高级的效果。) 3. 八上必考之fold ①fold-folded折叠(动词) fold the clothes折叠衣服 fold the quilt叠被子 make the bed铺床 ②a folding fan一把折扇 a folding chair一把折椅 a folding bike一辆折叠自行车 例句:Unlike other boys,Tom can fold his own clothes without the help of his parents.不像其他的男孩,汤姆不用父母帮忙就能够叠他自己的衣服。 4. 八上必考之o结尾+es ① o 结尾+es的:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)炒土豆(potato) ②其他的加s: radio-radios piano-pianos 例1:It has a painting of bamboo on it. 它上面有一幅竹子的画。 例2:Pandas love eating bamboo. 熊猫爱吃竹子。 例3:There are many different bamboos in the bamboo forest,在竹林里有许多不同种类的竹子。 5. 八上必考之popular ①be popular=get popular变得流行 ②be popular with受到···欢迎 例1:The singer is popular in the world. 这名歌手在世界上很受欢迎。 例2:Mr. Huo’s language points are getting popular now.霍老师的知识点现在越来越流行了。 例3:The pop music is popular with young people. 流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。(pop是popular的简写) 6. 八上必考之goodness ①a symbol of goodness一种美德的象征 ②the goodness营养 ③Thank goodness. 谢天谢地。 例1:It’s a symbol of goodness in Chinese culture.它在中国文化中是一种美德的象征。 例2:Eating fruit and vegetables can give you the goodness your body needs. 吃水果和蔬菜能够给你身体所需的营养。 7. 八上必考之use ①use sth to do sth= use sth for doing sth 用某物去做某事儿 ②be useful有用的 例1: People can use it to build houses and make tools and instruments. 人们可以用它来建造房屋,制作工具和乐器。 例2:Mr. Huo can use a knife to cut apples. =Mr. Huo can use a knife for cutting apples. 霍老师能用一把刀来切苹果。 8. 八上必考之shoot ①the shoots 嫩芽(名词)the bamboo shoots 竹笋 ②shoot-shot 射击(动词)shoot at朝···射击(不一定射中) shoot sb/sth : 射中某人/某物 例1:Actually, we eat bamboo shoots too. 实际上我们也吃竹笋。 例2:Mr. Huo shot at a bird but he didn’t shoot it. Finally, a plane was shot down.霍老师朝一只鸟射击,但是他没有射中它,最后一架飞机被击落了。 9. 八上必考之appear ①appear出现(动词) ②disappear消失(动词) ③appearance外表(名词) 例1:Why does bamboo often appear in Chinese paintings?为什么竹子经常出现在中国画中? 例2:Mr. Huo didn’t appear until seven o’ clock. last night. 霍老师直到昨晚7点才出现。 例3:Many animals disappeared from the earth. 许多动物从地球上消失了。 10. 八上必考之feel free feel free to do sth可以随便做某事 ( feel—felt ) 例1:Please feel free to ask me any questions you have. 如果你有任何问题,请随时问我。 例2:Please feel free to eat dinner here any time. 请随时来这里吃饭的。 11. 八上必考之land ①by land 经陆路 ②on land 在陆地上 ③on the land在田地里(耕种、种地) ④land 着陆(动词) land safely安全着陆 take off(飞机)起飞;(衣服)脱下 例1:The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.世界上最大的陆地动物是非洲象。 ( 注意:Africa非洲 African非洲的; 非洲人的) 例2:The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。 例3:Mr. Huo went there by land. 霍老师经由陆路抵达那儿。 12. 八上必考之on earth ①on earth=on the earth在地球上 ②on earth究竟; 到底(加强疑问的疑问句的语气) 例1:The elephant birds were the largest and the heaviest birds ever on earth. 象鸟是曾经地球上体型最大最重的鸟。 例2: What on earth are you doing?你究竟在干啥? 13. 八上必考之weigh ①weigh 60 kilos重60千克 weigh 10 tons重10吨 ②weigh the fish给那条鱼称重 ③lose weight减肥 ④put on weight增肥 ⑤the weight of···的重量 例1:Some elephant birds could stand up to three metres(或meters) tall and weigh up to 860kg.有些象鸟直立能到三米高,重达860千克。 例2:Mr. Huo weighs 75 kilos(或kg)霍老师体重75公斤 对例2划线部分提问:How much does Mr. Huo weigh? =What’s the weight of Mr. Huo? =How heavy is Mr. Huo?霍老师多重? 14. 八上必考之up to ①up to 达到; 接近(某数量、某程度) ②be up to sb由某人决定 例1:---Shall we go to the supermarket or stay at home?咱们是去超市啊,还是待在家啊? ---It’s up to you. 这由你决定。 例2:The river is up to 500 meters long. 这条河接近500米长。 15. 八上必考之without ①without doing sth没有做某事儿 ②without sth 没有某物 例1:We can’t live without bees. 没有蜜蜂,我们无法生存。 例2:Mr. Huo left the room without saying a word.霍老师一句话也没说,就离开了房间。 例3:I couldn’t finish the work without Mr. Huo‘s help.=If Mr. Huo doesn’t help me, I couldn’t finish the work.有霍老师的帮助,我无法完成这项工作。 例4:In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world can’t grow. 事实上,如果没有它们的工作,世界上大约80%的植物都无法生长。 16. 八上必考之imagine imagine (sb) doing sth想象(某人)做某事 例1: Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits and vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate. 想象一下,你去当地的超市,但是那里几乎没有水果、蔬菜,蜂蜜,牛奶、鸡蛋或巧克力。 例2:Can you imagine (Tom) living alone on a lonely island?你能想象得出(汤姆)一个人在荒岛上生活吗? 17. 八上必考之disappointed ①be disappointed with··· : 对···失望 ②disappoint sb=make sb disappointed=let sb down 让某人失望 例1:Don’t be disappointed with yourself. 别对自己失望。 例2: We are all disappointed, because the news is too disappointing. 我们都很失望,因为这个消息太令人失望了。 例3:Don’t disappoint Mr. Huo. =Don’t make Mr. Huo disappointed.=Don’t let Mr. Huo down. 别让霍老师失望。 18. 八上必考之 connected ①be connected with··· :与···相连 ②connect连接(动)—connection连接(名) 例1:How are plants and animals connected with us? 植物和动物与我们有怎样的联系? 例2:At this moment, you realized that people, plants and animals are all connected. 此刻,你会意识到,人类、植物和动物都是相联系的。 例3: What do you know about the connection between humans and other insects, such as ants and butterflies?你对人类和其他昆虫之间的联系,比如蚂蚁和蝴蝶,有什么了解? 19. 八上必考之action ①take action to do sth采取行动做某事 ②the action movies动作片 例1:This action helps the plants grow. 这一行为有助于植物生长。 例2:We should take action to protect animals.我们应该采取行动保护动物。 20. 八上必考之work hard ①work hard together=pull together通力合作(副词) ②the hard work艰辛的工作(形容词) ③be hard-working刻苦的(形容词) ④a hard stone一块硬石头 ⑤a hard problem=a difficult problem 一道难题(形容词) 例1:For example, they work hard together to make their homes.=For example, they pull together to build their homes. 例如,他们通力合作建造家园。 例2:If we work hard, the Chinese dream can come true.= If we work hard, we can realize the Chinese dream.=If we work hard, we can achieve the Chinese dream. 如果我们努力,我们就能够实现中国梦。 21. 八上必考之 in order to do sth ①in order to do sth=to do sth 为了去做某事 ②in order not to do sth为了不去做某事 ③in order that+句子= so that+句子 : 以至于 例1:In order to store honey, they create honey combs.=They create honey combs to store honey.为了存储蜂蜜,它们建造蜂巢。[kəʊm] 例2: Mr. Huo gets up early (in order) to get to work on time.=Mr. Huo gets up early in order that he can get to work on time.= Mr. Huo gets up early so that he can get to work on time. 霍老师早起,以至于他能按时上班。 22. 八上必考之store ①store sth存储某物(动) ②a store=a shop一个商店 ③at the store=in the store在商店 例1:Some animals store a lot of food for the winter.一些动物储存大量过冬的食物。 例2:Mr. Huo often stores the food in the fridge in summer.夏天, 霍老师经常把食物存储在冰箱里。 例3:Mr. Huo bought two pens at the store. 霍老师从商店买了两支钢笔。 23. 八上必考之 communicate ①communicate交流(动)---communication交流 (名) ②communicate with sb与某人交流 例1:Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. 关于蜜蜂的另一件趣事是它们如何交流? 例2:It’s necessary to communicate with others 和他人交流一下,是有必要的。 24. 八上必考之play a part in ①play an important part in···=play an important role in···在···中发挥重要作用 ②take part in=join in参与 例1:Bees play an important part(或:role) in the ecosystem of our planet. 蜜蜂在我们地球的生态系统中起着重要的作用。 例2:Mr. Huo likes taking part in all kinds of outdoor activities.霍老师喜欢参加各种各样的户外活动。 例3:Frogs play an important role in our planet’s ecosystem.青蛙在我们的地球生态系统中起着重要的作用。 25. 八上必考之the number of ①the number of··· : ···的数量(字)-------整体单数 ②a number of··· : 大量的···-------整体复数 例1:However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. 然而蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此感到担忧。 例2:A number of students are playing soccer on the playground.许多学生在正在操场上踢足球。 例3: There are a number of books on art in our school library.在我们学校图书馆有大量的艺术类书籍。 26. 八上必考之 a lot ①修饰可数名词的词:few ,a few , many, a lot of =lots of,some, plenty of 修饰不可数名词的词:little, a little, much, a lot of =lots of,some, plenty of 例1:There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life. 有许多非常好的中国谚语,它们中许多是关于如何好好生活的。 例句:Bees need our help and there is a lot(of things)we can do. 蜜蜂需要我们的帮助,我们能做很多事情。 ②a lot =every much:很非常 like English a lot=like English very much很喜欢英语 learn a lot 学到很多 rain a lot 经常下雨 例2:Mr. Huo knows a lot about history, so he can answer all the questions.霍老师知道大量的关于历史的知识,所以他能回答所有的问题。 ③much +比较级=a lot +比较级=far+比较级:比较··的多 a little+比较级=a bit+比较级= a little bit+比较级 不大比较···的 even+比较级=still+比较级 : 甚至比较···的 (记忆方法:两多两少,两甚至, 还有一个远去了。) 例3:This story is a lot more interesting than that one.这个故事比那个故事更有趣的多了。 27. 八上必考之protect ①protect···from···=protect···against··· 保护···免受··· ②protect保护(动)---protection保护(名) 例1:Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on (the) earth. 想想你能做些什么来保护地球上最神奇的动物之一. 例2:Mr. Huo is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 霍老师正戴着太阳镜,以保护眼睛免受强烈的阳光的伤害。 28. 八上必考之importance ①important重要的(形) -----importance重要性(名) ②the importance of doing sth做某事的重要性 例1:Mr. Huo’s students began to realize the importance of studying hard. 霍老师的学生开始意识到努力学习的重要性。 例2:However, not everyone understands their importance in nature. 然而并不是每个人都了解它们在自然界中的重要性。 例3:It’s important for us to listen to Mr. Huo carefully.对我们来说,仔细听霍老师讲课很重要。 29. 八上必考之such as ①such as··· :例如(举多个例子) ②for example : 例如(举1个例子) ③like : 例如+像 例1:There are lots of healthy habits. For example, we can walk for 30 minutes every day. 有许多的健康习惯,比如我们可以每天走30分钟。 例2:We can do some volunteering, such as cleaning the city parks and helping the old people.我们可以做一些志愿者活动,比如说打扫城市公园和帮助老年人。 例3:Many outdoor sports help us keep healthy, like cycling and running. 许多户外运动帮助我们保持健康,比如骑行和跑步。 30. 八上必考之be home to be home to sb/sth:是···栖息地;是···家园 例1: They are home to many birds. 它们是许多鸟类的家园。 例2: The forest is home to many wild animals。这片森林是许多野生动物的栖息地。 31. 八上必考之happiness ①happy开心的(形)---happiness 幸福(名) ②sad悲哀的(形)---sadness悲哀(名) ③ill有病的(形)---illness疾病(名) 例句:I want to share my happiness with you. 我想跟你分享一下我的幸福。 32. 八上必考之while ①while 当···的时候(后面跟进行时态) ②while : 然而; 与此同时 例1:The smallest frogs are about the size of a pea, while larger ones can grow as big as a human hand.小的青蛙大约只有豌豆那么大,然而大一点的青蛙能够长到人类手掌那么大。 例2:While we were talking, Mr. Huo came in suddenly.当我们正说话的时候,霍老师突然进来了。 例3:I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.我妈妈在做饭时,我在做家庭作业。 例4:Mr. Huo likes watching TV while (he is) eating dinner.霍老师喜欢在吃晚餐的时候看电视。 33. 八上必考之watch ①watch sb do sth观看某人做某事(全过程) watch sb doing sth观看某人正做某事(正在进行) ②see sb do sth看见某人做某事(全过程)see—saw see sb doing sth看见某人正做某事(正在进行) ③hear sb do sth听见某人做某事(全过程)hear--heard hear sb doing sth听见某人正做某事(正在进行) ④notice sb do sth注意到某人做某事(全过程) notice sb doing sth注意到某人正做某事(正在进行) ⑤find sb do sth发现某人做某事(全过程)find--found find sb doing sth发现某人正做某事(正在进行) 例1:Many people like watching blue whales swim and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see.许多人喜欢观赏蓝鲸游泳,他们认为这是最美丽的景象之一。 例2:When I got to the garden, I found my little sister picking flowers.当我到花园的时候,我发现我的妹妹正在摘花。(注意:pick strawberries摘草莓) 例3:When I passed the office, I saw Mr. Huo sitting alone by the window.当我路过办公室的时候,我看见霍老师独自一个人坐在窗户旁边。 34. 八上必考之except ①except sb除了某人(不包含或减去) except sth除了某事物(不包含或减去) 例1:Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean.蓝鲸生活在除北冰洋以外的所有海洋中。 例2:Everyone is here except Mr. Huo.除了霍老师,所有的人都在这儿。(不包含霍老师) ②except for除了(对细节的排除) 例3:The city park looks beautiful except for a little rubbish on the street. 城市公园看上去很漂亮,就是有点垃圾在街道上。 ③besides sb除了某人(包含或加上) besides sth除了某事(包含或加上) besides doing sth 除了做某事 例4:Besides playing tennis, Mr. Huo likes running in his free time.除了打网球,霍老师还喜欢在空闲时间跑步。(包含打网球) ④but除···之外(在no, nothing, anything等词之后) 例5:She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭, 什么都做不了。 例6:When Mr. Huo was young, he wanted nothing but a chance to move forward.当霍老师年轻的时候,他除了一个向前奋进的机会外,啥也不想要。 35. 八上必考之last ①last for 持续 ②last weekend上周末 ③the last bus末班公共汽车 ④at last最后 例1:This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. 这些食物能维持一年多,有助于创造一个生机勃勃、健康的生态系统。 例2:The bad weather will last for three days. 坏天气将会持续三天。 划线部分提问:How long will the bad weather last? 坏天气将会持续多久? 例3:Mr. Huo was the first to arrive and the last to leave.霍老师是第一个到的,同时也是最后一个离开的。 36. 八上必考之How的特殊疑问句 ①How long提问多长时间(提问一段时间) How long提问物体长度 ②How often多久一次(提问频率) ③How soon多久(提问in + 一段时间) ④How far多远(提问距离) 例1:It takes Mr. Huo 3 hours to get to Jinan by subway.乘地铁去济南,花霍老师三个小时时间。 划线部分提问:How long does it take Mr. Huo to get to Jinan by subway?乘地铁去济南花霍老师多长时间? 例2: Mr. Huo takes exercise three times a week. 霍老师一周锻炼三次。 划线部分提问:How often does Mr. Huo take exercise?霍老师一周锻炼几次啊? 例3:Mr. Huo will be back in three weeks. 霍老师三周后将会回来。 划线部分提问:How soon will Mr. Huo be back? 霍老师多久后回来呀? 例4: It is 3 kilometers from the bookstore to the restaurant.从书店到餐馆3公里。 划线部分提问: How far is it from the bookstore to the restaurant?从书店到餐馆多远呀? 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 知识点 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册
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Unit 4 知识点 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册
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