内容正文:
八上Unit 4 知识点
1. 八上必考之形容词变副词
①一般情况:形容词后直接加ly的
quick→ quickly slow→ slowly careful→ carefully
②以y结尾的形容词变副词:变y为ily
happy→ happily easy→ easily lucky→ luckily
③able结尾或ble结尾: able→ ably ble→bly
simple→ simply gentle→ gently
heavy→ heavily angry→ angrily
④特殊的单独记:good → well true→ truly
形副同形: fast → fast late→ late;early→ early
hard-hard:困难的(形);努力地(副)
-------注意:hardly:几乎不(与hard 无关)
⑤无副词形式的(纯形容词): friendly(友好的)
lovely(可爱的) lonely(孤独的) lively(活泼的)
2. 八上必考之最高级
(1)定义:三者或三者以上进行的比较。(只有形容词或副词才有最高级)
(2)变化规则:①一般情况+est:
quiet→ quietest slow→ slowest.
②以e结尾+st: large→ largest late→ latest
③以辅音字母结尾+y: 变y为iest:
easy→ easiest early→ earliest
④双写末字母+est : 令人高兴的是,湿热胖瘦悲哀大红苗。
glad(高兴的)、wet(湿的)、hot(热的)、fat(胖的)、thin(瘦的)、sad(悲哀的)、big(大的)、red(红的)、slim(苗条的)
(3)前加the most的:
①Most 1 : ing形式、ed形式结尾的形容词前+the most:outgoing开朗的 hard-working 刻苦努力的
interesting—interested(有趣的;感兴趣的)
talented有才能的surprising --surprised(惊讶的) tiring—tired(劳累的)relaxing—relaxed(放松的) boring-bored(枯燥的) exciting—excited(刺激的)
②Most 2: ly结尾的副词前 +(the)most:
quickly快的 carefully 小心的 quietly安静的
seriously严肃的 happily 快乐的 luckily 幸运的
注意:以下是ly结尾的形容词:-----------变y为iest
friendly(友好的)-friendliest lovely(可爱的)-loveliest
lonely(孤独的)-loneliest lively(活泼的)-liveliest
③Most 3: ≤ 7个字母的顺口溜(≥8个字母前直接加more)
现代流行怕细心,严紧诚实用耐心,经常积极有帮助和希望,基本出名古得开,很自然、无害地加fun和upset
modern(现代的) popular(流行的) afraid(害怕的) careful(仔细的) serious(严肃的) nervous(紧张的)
honest(诚实的) useful(有用的) useless(无用的)
patient(有耐心的) often(经常的) active(积极的)
helpful(有帮助的) helpless(无助的) basic(基本的)
famous(著名的) ancient(古代的) open(开放的)
natural(自然的) harmless(无害的) harmful(有害的)
fun有乐趣的 upset 低落的
(4)特殊的:good/well--best many/much---most bad/badly/ill—worst little--least
far--farthest或furthest更远的
例1:Tom is the tallest in his class. =Tom is the tallest of all the students.汤姆在班里是最高的。
例2: I jump the farthest in my class.= I jump the farthest of all the students.我在班里是跳得最远的。
例3:For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet.基于此原因,许多科学家认为蜜蜂是这个星球上最重要的动物。
例4:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。
例5:Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.
竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。
例6:China is one of the oldest countries in the world. We are all proud of it.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一,我们都为它感到骄傲。
例7:When autumn comes, one of the most popular activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees.秋天来临,最受欢迎的活动之一就是在银杏树下散步。
(注意:take a walk=have a walk=go for a walk去散步)
例8:Which country is the largest, China, America or Canada?哪国家最大?中国、美国还是加拿大?
例9:Which season do you like best, spring, summer, autumn or winter?
你最喜欢哪个季节?春、夏、秋、还是冬啊?
例10:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
例11: China is the largest country in Asia.= China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is larger than the other countries in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。(同类同范围比)
例12:China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比任何一个非洲国家都要大。(不同范围比)
例13:Mr. Huo is taller than any chair.
霍老师比任何一个椅子都要高(不同类进行比较)。
例14:---What do you think of the TV show?
你认为这个电视节目怎么样?
---Great!I have never seen a better one.棒极了! 我从没看过比这更好的电视节目.(比较级与否定词连用,表达最高级的效果。)
3. 八上必考之fold
①fold-folded折叠(动词)
fold the clothes折叠衣服 fold the quilt叠被子
make the bed铺床
②a folding fan一把折扇 a folding chair一把折椅
a folding bike一辆折叠自行车
例句:Unlike other boys,Tom can fold his own clothes without the help of his parents.不像其他的男孩,汤姆不用父母帮忙就能够叠他自己的衣服。
4. 八上必考之o结尾+es
① o 结尾+es的:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)炒土豆(potato)
②其他的加s: radio-radios piano-pianos
例1:It has a painting of bamboo on it.
它上面有一幅竹子的画。
例2:Pandas love eating bamboo. 熊猫爱吃竹子。
例3:There are many different bamboos in the bamboo forest,在竹林里有许多不同种类的竹子。
5. 八上必考之popular
①be popular=get popular变得流行
②be popular with受到···欢迎
例1:The singer is popular in the world.
这名歌手在世界上很受欢迎。
例2:Mr. Huo’s language points are getting popular now.霍老师的知识点现在越来越流行了。
例3:The pop music is popular with young people.
流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。(pop是popular的简写)
6. 八上必考之goodness
①a symbol of goodness一种美德的象征
②the goodness营养
③Thank goodness. 谢天谢地。
例1:It’s a symbol of goodness in Chinese culture.它在中国文化中是一种美德的象征。
例2:Eating fruit and vegetables can give you the goodness your body needs.
吃水果和蔬菜能够给你身体所需的营养。
7. 八上必考之use
①use sth to do sth= use sth for doing sth
用某物去做某事儿
②be useful有用的
例1: People can use it to build houses and make tools and instruments.
人们可以用它来建造房屋,制作工具和乐器。
例2:Mr. Huo can use a knife to cut apples.
=Mr. Huo can use a knife for cutting apples.
霍老师能用一把刀来切苹果。
8. 八上必考之shoot
①the shoots 嫩芽(名词)the bamboo shoots 竹笋
②shoot-shot 射击(动词)shoot at朝···射击(不一定射中) shoot sb/sth : 射中某人/某物
例1:Actually, we eat bamboo shoots too.
实际上我们也吃竹笋。
例2:Mr. Huo shot at a bird but he didn’t shoot it. Finally, a plane was shot down.霍老师朝一只鸟射击,但是他没有射中它,最后一架飞机被击落了。
9. 八上必考之appear
①appear出现(动词) ②disappear消失(动词)
③appearance外表(名词)
例1:Why does bamboo often appear in Chinese paintings?为什么竹子经常出现在中国画中?
例2:Mr. Huo didn’t appear until seven o’ clock. last night. 霍老师直到昨晚7点才出现。
例3:Many animals disappeared from the earth.
许多动物从地球上消失了。
10. 八上必考之feel free
feel free to do sth可以随便做某事 ( feel—felt )
例1:Please feel free to ask me any questions you have. 如果你有任何问题,请随时问我。
例2:Please feel free to eat dinner here any time.
请随时来这里吃饭的。
11. 八上必考之land
①by land 经陆路 ②on land 在陆地上
③on the land在田地里(耕种、种地)
④land 着陆(动词) land safely安全着陆
take off(飞机)起飞;(衣服)脱下
例1:The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.世界上最大的陆地动物是非洲象。
( 注意:Africa非洲 African非洲的; 非洲人的)
例2:The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。
例3:Mr. Huo went there by land.
霍老师经由陆路抵达那儿。
12. 八上必考之on earth
①on earth=on the earth在地球上
②on earth究竟; 到底(加强疑问的疑问句的语气)
例1:The elephant birds were the largest and the heaviest birds ever on earth.
象鸟是曾经地球上体型最大最重的鸟。
例2: What on earth are you doing?你究竟在干啥?
13. 八上必考之weigh
①weigh 60 kilos重60千克 weigh 10 tons重10吨
②weigh the fish给那条鱼称重 ③lose weight减肥
④put on weight增肥 ⑤the weight of···的重量
例1:Some elephant birds could stand up to three metres(或meters) tall and weigh up to 860kg.有些象鸟直立能到三米高,重达860千克。
例2:Mr. Huo weighs 75 kilos(或kg)霍老师体重75公斤
对例2划线部分提问:How much does Mr. Huo
weigh? =What’s the weight of Mr. Huo?
=How heavy is Mr. Huo?霍老师多重?
14. 八上必考之up to
①up to 达到; 接近(某数量、某程度)
②be up to sb由某人决定
例1:---Shall we go to the supermarket or stay at home?咱们是去超市啊,还是待在家啊?
---It’s up to you. 这由你决定。
例2:The river is up to 500 meters long.
这条河接近500米长。
15. 八上必考之without
①without doing sth没有做某事儿
②without sth 没有某物
例1:We can’t live without bees.
没有蜜蜂,我们无法生存。
例2:Mr. Huo left the room without saying a word.霍老师一句话也没说,就离开了房间。
例3:I couldn’t finish the work without Mr. Huo‘s help.=If Mr. Huo doesn’t help me, I couldn’t finish the work.有霍老师的帮助,我无法完成这项工作。
例4:In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world can’t grow.
事实上,如果没有它们的工作,世界上大约80%的植物都无法生长。
16. 八上必考之imagine
imagine (sb) doing sth想象(某人)做某事
例1: Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits and vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate.
想象一下,你去当地的超市,但是那里几乎没有水果、蔬菜,蜂蜜,牛奶、鸡蛋或巧克力。
例2:Can you imagine (Tom) living alone on a lonely island?你能想象得出(汤姆)一个人在荒岛上生活吗?
17. 八上必考之disappointed
①be disappointed with··· : 对···失望
②disappoint sb=make sb disappointed=let sb down
让某人失望
例1:Don’t be disappointed with yourself.
别对自己失望。
例2: We are all disappointed, because the news is too disappointing.
我们都很失望,因为这个消息太令人失望了。
例3:Don’t disappoint Mr. Huo. =Don’t make Mr. Huo disappointed.=Don’t let Mr. Huo down.
别让霍老师失望。
18. 八上必考之 connected
①be connected with··· :与···相连
②connect连接(动)—connection连接(名)
例1:How are plants and animals connected with us? 植物和动物与我们有怎样的联系?
例2:At this moment, you realized that people, plants and animals are all connected.
此刻,你会意识到,人类、植物和动物都是相联系的。
例3: What do you know about the connection between humans and other insects, such as ants and butterflies?你对人类和其他昆虫之间的联系,比如蚂蚁和蝴蝶,有什么了解?
19. 八上必考之action
①take action to do sth采取行动做某事
②the action movies动作片
例1:This action helps the plants grow.
这一行为有助于植物生长。
例2:We should take action to protect animals.我们应该采取行动保护动物。
20. 八上必考之work hard
①work hard together=pull together通力合作(副词)
②the hard work艰辛的工作(形容词)
③be hard-working刻苦的(形容词)
④a hard stone一块硬石头
⑤a hard problem=a difficult problem
一道难题(形容词)
例1:For example, they work hard together to make their homes.=For example, they pull together to build their homes.
例如,他们通力合作建造家园。
例2:If we work hard, the Chinese dream can come true.= If we work hard, we can realize the Chinese dream.=If we work hard, we can achieve the Chinese dream.
如果我们努力,我们就能够实现中国梦。
21. 八上必考之 in order to do sth
①in order to do sth=to do sth 为了去做某事
②in order not to do sth为了不去做某事
③in order that+句子= so that+句子 : 以至于
例1:In order to store honey, they create honey combs.=They create honey combs to store honey.为了存储蜂蜜,它们建造蜂巢。[kəʊm]
例2: Mr. Huo gets up early (in order) to get to work on time.=Mr. Huo gets up early in order that he can get to work on time.= Mr. Huo gets up early so that he can get to work on time.
霍老师早起,以至于他能按时上班。
22. 八上必考之store
①store sth存储某物(动) ②a store=a shop一个商店
③at the store=in the store在商店
例1:Some animals store a lot of food for the winter.一些动物储存大量过冬的食物。
例2:Mr. Huo often stores the food in the fridge in summer.夏天, 霍老师经常把食物存储在冰箱里。
例3:Mr. Huo bought two pens at the store.
霍老师从商店买了两支钢笔。
23. 八上必考之 communicate
①communicate交流(动)---communication交流 (名)
②communicate with sb与某人交流
例1:Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate.
关于蜜蜂的另一件趣事是它们如何交流?
例2:It’s necessary to communicate with others 和他人交流一下,是有必要的。
24. 八上必考之play a part in
①play an important part in···=play an important role in···在···中发挥重要作用
②take part in=join in参与
例1:Bees play an important part(或:role) in the ecosystem of our planet.
蜜蜂在我们地球的生态系统中起着重要的作用。
例2:Mr. Huo likes taking part in all kinds of outdoor activities.霍老师喜欢参加各种各样的户外活动。
例3:Frogs play an important role in our planet’s ecosystem.青蛙在我们的地球生态系统中起着重要的作用。
25. 八上必考之the number of
①the number of··· : ···的数量(字)-------整体单数
②a number of··· : 大量的···-------整体复数
例1:However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried.
然而蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此感到担忧。
例2:A number of students are playing soccer on the playground.许多学生在正在操场上踢足球。
例3: There are a number of books on art in our school library.在我们学校图书馆有大量的艺术类书籍。
26. 八上必考之 a lot
①修饰可数名词的词:few ,a few , many, a lot of =lots of,some, plenty of
修饰不可数名词的词:little, a little, much, a lot of =lots of,some, plenty of
例1:There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life. 有许多非常好的中国谚语,它们中许多是关于如何好好生活的。
例句:Bees need our help and there is a lot(of things)we can do.
蜜蜂需要我们的帮助,我们能做很多事情。
②a lot =every much:很非常
like English a lot=like English very much很喜欢英语
learn a lot 学到很多 rain a lot 经常下雨
例2:Mr. Huo knows a lot about history, so he can answer all the questions.霍老师知道大量的关于历史的知识,所以他能回答所有的问题。
③much +比较级=a lot +比较级=far+比较级:比较··的多
a little+比较级=a bit+比较级= a little bit+比较级
不大比较···的
even+比较级=still+比较级 : 甚至比较···的
(记忆方法:两多两少,两甚至, 还有一个远去了。)
例3:This story is a lot more interesting than that one.这个故事比那个故事更有趣的多了。
27. 八上必考之protect
①protect···from···=protect···against···
保护···免受···
②protect保护(动)---protection保护(名)
例1:Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on (the) earth.
想想你能做些什么来保护地球上最神奇的动物之一.
例2:Mr. Huo is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
霍老师正戴着太阳镜,以保护眼睛免受强烈的阳光的伤害。
28. 八上必考之importance
①important重要的(形) -----importance重要性(名)
②the importance of doing sth做某事的重要性
例1:Mr. Huo’s students began to realize the importance of studying hard.
霍老师的学生开始意识到努力学习的重要性。
例2:However, not everyone understands their importance in nature.
然而并不是每个人都了解它们在自然界中的重要性。
例3:It’s important for us to listen to Mr. Huo carefully.对我们来说,仔细听霍老师讲课很重要。
29. 八上必考之such as
①such as··· :例如(举多个例子)
②for example : 例如(举1个例子) ③like : 例如+像
例1:There are lots of healthy habits. For example, we can walk for 30 minutes every day.
有许多的健康习惯,比如我们可以每天走30分钟。
例2:We can do some volunteering, such as cleaning the city parks and helping the old people.我们可以做一些志愿者活动,比如说打扫城市公园和帮助老年人。
例3:Many outdoor sports help us keep healthy, like cycling and running.
许多户外运动帮助我们保持健康,比如骑行和跑步。
30. 八上必考之be home to
be home to sb/sth:是···栖息地;是···家园
例1: They are home to many birds.
它们是许多鸟类的家园。
例2: The forest is home to many wild animals。这片森林是许多野生动物的栖息地。
31. 八上必考之happiness
①happy开心的(形)---happiness 幸福(名)
②sad悲哀的(形)---sadness悲哀(名)
③ill有病的(形)---illness疾病(名)
例句:I want to share my happiness with you.
我想跟你分享一下我的幸福。
32. 八上必考之while
①while 当···的时候(后面跟进行时态)
②while : 然而; 与此同时
例1:The smallest frogs are about the size of a pea, while larger ones can grow as big as a human hand.小的青蛙大约只有豌豆那么大,然而大一点的青蛙能够长到人类手掌那么大。
例2:While we were talking, Mr. Huo came in suddenly.当我们正说话的时候,霍老师突然进来了。
例3:I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.我妈妈在做饭时,我在做家庭作业。
例4:Mr. Huo likes watching TV while (he is) eating dinner.霍老师喜欢在吃晚餐的时候看电视。
33. 八上必考之watch
①watch sb do sth观看某人做某事(全过程)
watch sb doing sth观看某人正做某事(正在进行)
②see sb do sth看见某人做某事(全过程)see—saw
see sb doing sth看见某人正做某事(正在进行)
③hear sb do sth听见某人做某事(全过程)hear--heard
hear sb doing sth听见某人正做某事(正在进行)
④notice sb do sth注意到某人做某事(全过程)
notice sb doing sth注意到某人正做某事(正在进行)
⑤find sb do sth发现某人做某事(全过程)find--found
find sb doing sth发现某人正做某事(正在进行)
例1:Many people like watching blue whales swim and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see.许多人喜欢观赏蓝鲸游泳,他们认为这是最美丽的景象之一。
例2:When I got to the garden, I found my little sister picking flowers.当我到花园的时候,我发现我的妹妹正在摘花。(注意:pick strawberries摘草莓)
例3:When I passed the office, I saw Mr. Huo sitting alone by the window.当我路过办公室的时候,我看见霍老师独自一个人坐在窗户旁边。
34. 八上必考之except
①except sb除了某人(不包含或减去)
except sth除了某事物(不包含或减去)
例1:Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean.蓝鲸生活在除北冰洋以外的所有海洋中。
例2:Everyone is here except Mr. Huo.除了霍老师,所有的人都在这儿。(不包含霍老师)
②except for除了(对细节的排除)
例3:The city park looks beautiful except for a little rubbish on the street.
城市公园看上去很漂亮,就是有点垃圾在街道上。
③besides sb除了某人(包含或加上) besides sth除了某事(包含或加上) besides doing sth 除了做某事
例4:Besides playing tennis, Mr. Huo likes running in his free time.除了打网球,霍老师还喜欢在空闲时间跑步。(包含打网球)
④but除···之外(在no, nothing, anything等词之后)
例5:She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭, 什么都做不了。
例6:When Mr. Huo was young, he wanted nothing but a chance to move forward.当霍老师年轻的时候,他除了一个向前奋进的机会外,啥也不想要。
35. 八上必考之last
①last for 持续 ②last weekend上周末
③the last bus末班公共汽车 ④at last最后
例1:This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. 这些食物能维持一年多,有助于创造一个生机勃勃、健康的生态系统。
例2:The bad weather will last for three days.
坏天气将会持续三天。
划线部分提问:How long will the bad weather last? 坏天气将会持续多久?
例3:Mr. Huo was the first to arrive and the last to leave.霍老师是第一个到的,同时也是最后一个离开的。
36. 八上必考之How的特殊疑问句
①How long提问多长时间(提问一段时间)
How long提问物体长度
②How often多久一次(提问频率)
③How soon多久(提问in + 一段时间)
④How far多远(提问距离)
例1:It takes Mr. Huo 3 hours to get to Jinan by subway.乘地铁去济南,花霍老师三个小时时间。
划线部分提问:How long does it take Mr. Huo to get to Jinan by subway?乘地铁去济南花霍老师多长时间?
例2: Mr. Huo takes exercise three times a week.
霍老师一周锻炼三次。
划线部分提问:How often does Mr. Huo take exercise?霍老师一周锻炼几次啊?
例3:Mr. Huo will be back in three weeks.
霍老师三周后将会回来。
划线部分提问:How soon will Mr. Huo be back?
霍老师多久后回来呀?
例4: It is 3 kilometers from the bookstore to the
restaurant.从书店到餐馆3公里。
划线部分提问: How far is it from the bookstore to the restaurant?从书店到餐馆多远呀?
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