2026年人教版中考英语时态专项02-一般过去时-语法精讲+分层练习

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考核心时态“一般过去时”，围绕定义、用法、句型结构、动词过去式变化规则、时间标志词及易错点构建知识体系，通过“语法精讲+分层练习+中考真题精析”教学流程，帮助学生系统梳理考点，突破时态运用难点。 亮点在于分层训练设计与核心素养融合，基础训练夯实句型转换和动词填空能力，能力提升通过语境填空培养语言运用，易错点表格归纳助力思维品质提升。真题例句精析如“Did you see...?”强化考点对接，教师可借分层练习精准把握复习节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

2026中考英语时态专项|第2期 一般过去时 (精讲+分层练习（含详解）) 一语法精讲 1.说文解字：什么是“一般过去时” 时指时间一动作发生在过去；“态指状态一动作已结束、与现在无关。 过去”就是“已经发生的、过去了的事”。一般过去时=过去的时间+一般的状 态：说的是过去某个时间发生、现在已经结束的事，不强调“那时正在做”，也不 强调c与现在的联系。例：I got up at six yesterday.(我昨天六点起床，已经过去的 事。) 动作发生在过去 过去 现在 将来 2.基本用法 (I)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例：I visited my uncle last Sunday (2)表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。例：He often played football when he was young. (3)表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。例：She came in,sat down and began to read, 3.含be动词的句子(be用was/were) 肯定句：主语+was/were..(I/he/she/it用was;we/yo/they用were) 否定句：主语+was/were+not.. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语.？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语.？ 4.含实义动词的句子（动词用过去式） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式.（无人称和数的变化） 否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形..？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形.？ 5.动词过去式的变化规则 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ed play→played,work→vorked,look→looked 以不发音e结尾加-d live→lived,.like→lked,use→used 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed study→studied,cary→carried,ty→tried 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写再加： stop→stopped,plan-→planned ed 不规则变化（需逐个记忆） go→went,come→came,see→saw,have→had, do→did,is/an→was,aIe→we1re 6.时间标志词（按用法分类记忆） 对应用法 常见时间标志词 ①过去具体时间 yesterday (moming...),last night/week/year,in 2019,at that time ②过去+时间点 two days ago,.three years ago,.just now(刚才)，the other day ③过去习惯 when I was young,in those days,at that time ④其他 once upon a time(从前)，long long ago 7.时态易错点（学生高频错误归纳） 常见错误(×) 正确表达（√） 错因分析 He didn't went to school. He didn't go to school. did后忘还原动词 She was visit the park. She visited the park. be与实义动词混用 I studyed English I studied English 辅音+y没变i He goed home He went home 不规则动词误加-ed Did he went home? Didhe go home? did后动词未用原形 8.中考例句精析（近年中考真题改编） 例1.-Did you any animals in the zoo yesterday?-Yes,I some monkeys.A.see,saw B.saw,saw C.see,see D.saw,see 答案：A问句用Did提问，动词还原为原形see;答句肯定用过去式saw。 例2.My father his car last Sunday.A.washes B.washed C.is washing D. will wash 答案：B last Sunday是过去时间，动词用过去式washed。 例3.He a teacher ten years ago.A.is B.was C.were D.are 答案：B ten years ago是过去时间，主语He用was(不用were)。 例4.The children their homework and then TV.A.finish;watch B. finished;watch C.finished;watched D.finish;watched 答案：C and then连接过去一连串动作，两个动词都用过去式finished、watched。 例5.1 (study)for the exam until midnight last night. 答案：studied last night是过去时间；study是辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加 ed一→studied。陷阱提醒：误写成studyed。 二、基础训练(20题) A.单项选择（从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案） 1.-What you last weekend?-I visited my grandparents. A.do;do B.did:do C.did:did D.do;did 2.My mother a new dress yesterday. A.buy B.buys C.bought D.is buying 3.The weather very cold last winter. A.is B.was C.were D.are 4. Tom at home this morning?-No,he A.Was;wasn't B.Is;isn't C.Were;weren't D.Was;isn't 5.She her homework and to bed early. A.finished;went B.finish;go C.finished;go D.finishes;goes 6.They to the park two days ago. A.go B.goes C.went D.going 7.-Did you enjoy the film?-Yes,I A.do B.did C.does D.was 8.We a good time at the party last night. A.have B.has C.had D.having 9. you at school yesterday?-No,I ill at home. A.Were;was B.Was;was C.Are;am D.Were;were 10.He born in 2010 in a small village A.is B.was C.were D.be B.用所给动词的适当形式填空 11.My brother (watch)a film yesterday evening. 12.She (not go)to school last Monday because she was ill. 13. you (see)the new teacher this moming?-Yes,I did. 14.We (be)good friends when we were children 15.He (stop)the car and got out. 16.They_ (plan)a trip to Beijing last month 17.My father (study)English at college ten years ago 18.The little girl (carry)a heavy bag home yesterday 19.-When he (leave)for Shanghai?-Last Friday 20.I (have)a wonderful time at the beach last summer 三、 能力提升(20题) A.句型转换（按要求改写句子，每空一词） 1.She went to the library yesterday.(改为否定句) 2.He was at home last night..（改为一般疑问句) 3.They had a meeting last Friday.(对画线部分提问) 4.I did my homework this morning.(改为否定句) 5.Tom watched TV after supper..(改为一般疑问句) 6.She bought some fruit for the party.（改为否定句) 7.They were in the classroom just now.（改为一般疑问句) 8.He came to school by bus this morning.（对画线部分提问：by bus) 9.My mother cooked dinner for us..（改为否定句) l0.I was a little t位red after the game.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) B.语境填空（用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、完整） Last Sunday,I 11 (go)to the countryside with my family.We 12. (get)up early and 13. (drive)there by car.The weather 14 (be)fine and the air 15. (be)fresh.We 16. (have)a picnic near a small river. My sister 17. (not like)the food at first,but she 18. (try)some later and said it was delicious.In the afternoon,we 19. (take)many photos.We 20. (come)back home at about six in the evening. 四、答案与解析 A.基础训练·单项选择 1.B last weekend是过去时间，用did提问，动词还原为原形do。 2.C yesterday表过去：buy是不规则动词，过去式为bought。 3.B last winter表过去；主语the weather是不可数，用was。 4.A this morning表过去，主语Tom用Was提问，否定回答wasm't。 5.Aand连接过去一连串动作，都用过去式finished、went。 6.C two days ago表过去；go过去式为不规则went。 7.BDid提问用did回答，肯定简答Yes,Idid。 8.C last night表过去；have过去式为had。 9.A yesterday表过去；主语you用Were,答句主语I用was。 10.B beborn表示出生”，用过去式was(主语He单数)。 B.基础训练·填空（第11-20题) ll.watched yesterday evening表过去；watch直接加-ed。 12.didn't go last Monday表过去；否定句借didn't,动词还原为原形go。 l3.Did;see this morning表过去，用Did提问，动词用原形see。 l4.were主语we用were;when we were children是过去时间。 l5.stopped stop是重读闭音节，双写p再加-ed→stopped.。 16.planned plan是重读闭音节，双写n再加-ed→planned。 17.studied study是辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed→studied。 18.carried canry变y为i加-ed→carried;yester day表过去。 l9.did;leaveleave提问用did,动词还原为原形leave(过去式left只在肯定句用)。 20.had have过去式不规则had;last summer表过去。 C.能力提升句型转换 1.She didn't go to the library yesterday.过去式went的否定要借didn't,动词还原为原形 go,不能写成didn't went。. 2.Was he at home last night?be动词was直接提前构成一般疑问句。 3.When did they have a meeting?画线部分是时间，用When提问；had借did后还原为 have. 4.I didn't do my homework this morning.陷阱：did是实义动词，否定要另借didn't,动词 还原为*do*,，不能写成didn'tdid。 5.Did Tom watch TV after supper?过去式watched借Did提问后还原为原形watch。 6.She didn't buy any fruit for the party.否定句some改any;bought借didn't后还原为 buyo 7.Were they in the classroom just now?主语they用Were提前。 8.How did he come to school this morning？对方式提问用How;cane借did后还原为 come. 9.MIy mother didn't cook dinner for us..过去式cooked借didn't,动词还原为原形cook。 l0.Were you a little tired after the game?-Yes,Iwas.主语I变you,be用Were;肯定简答 Yes,I was. D.能力提升·语境填空（第11-20题) ll.went Last Sunday表过去，go过去式不规则went。 12.got与前后动词并列，都是过去动作，get→got。 l3.drove drive过去式不规则drove。 l4.was主语the weather不可数，用was。 15.was主语the air不可数，用was。 l6.had have过去式had。 17.didn't like否定借didn't,动词还原为原形like。 l8.tried ty变y为i加-ed→ried。 19.took take过去式不规则took。 20.came come过去式不规则came。 2026 中考英语时态专项｜第 2 期 一般过去时　（精讲 + 分层练习（含详解）） 一、语法精讲 1. 说文解字：什么是“一般过去时” “时”指时间——动作发生在过去；“态”指状态——动作已结束、与现在无关。 “过去”就是“已经发生的、过去了的事”。一般过去时 = 过去的时间 + 一般的状态：说的是过去某个时间发生、现在已经结束的事，不强调“那时正在做”，也不强调“与现在的联系”。例：I got up at six yesterday.（我昨天六点起床，已经过去的事。） 2. 基本用法 （1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例：I visited my uncle last Sunday. （2）表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。例：He often played football when he was young. （3）表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。例：She came in, sat down and began to read. 3. 含 be 动词的句子（be 用 was / were） 肯定句：主语 + was / were…（I / he / she / it 用 was；we / you / they 用 were） 否定句：主语 + was / were + not… 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语…? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语…? 4. 含实义动词的句子（动词用过去式） 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式…（无人称和数的变化） 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形… 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形…? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形…? 5. 动词过去式的变化规则 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加 -ed play→played, work→worked, look→looked 以不发音 e 结尾加 -d live→lived, like→liked, use→used 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study→studied, carry→carried, try→tried 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写再加 -ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 不规则变化（需逐个记忆） go→went, come→came, see→saw, have→had, do→did, is/am→was, are→were 6. 时间标志词（按用法分类记忆） 对应用法 常见时间标志词 ① 过去具体时间 yesterday (morning…), last night / week / year, in 2019, at that time ② 过去 + 时间点 two days ago, three years ago, just now（刚才）, the other day ③ 过去习惯 when I was young, in those days, at that time ④ 其他 once upon a time（从前）, long long ago 7. 时态易错点（学生高频错误归纳） 常见错误（×） 正确表达（√） 错因分析 He didn't went to school. He didn't go to school. did 后忘还原动词 She was visit the park. She visited the park. be 与实义动词混用 I studyed English. I studied English. 辅音+y 没变 i He goed home. He went home. 不规则动词误加 -ed Did he went home? Did he go home? did 后动词未用原形 8. 中考例句精析（近年中考真题改编） 例1. —Did you ______ any animals in the zoo yesterday? —Yes, I ______ some monkeys. A. see; saw B. saw; saw C. see; see D. saw; see 答案：A　问句用 Did 提问，动词还原为原形 see；答句肯定用过去式 saw。 例2. My father ______ his car last Sunday. A. washes B. washed C. is washing D. will wash 答案：B　last Sunday 是过去时间，动词用过去式 washed。 例3. He ______ a teacher ten years ago. A. is B. was C. were D. are 答案：B　ten years ago 是过去时间，主语 He 用 was（不用 were）。 例4. The children ______ their homework and then ______ TV. A. finish; watch B. finished; watch C. finished; watched D. finish; watched 答案：C　and then 连接过去一连串动作，两个动词都用过去式 finished、watched。 例5. I ______ (study) for the exam until midnight last night. 答案：studied　last night 是过去时间；study 是辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed→studied。陷阱提醒：误写成 studyed。 二、基础训练（20 题） A. 单项选择（从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案） 1. —What ______ you ______ last weekend? —I visited my grandparents. A. do; do B. did; do C. did; did D. do; did 2. My mother ______ a new dress yesterday. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. is buying 3. The weather ______ very cold last winter. A. is B. was C. were D. are 4. —______ Tom at home this morning? —No, he ______. A. Was; wasn't B. Is; isn't C. Were; weren't D. Was; isn't 5. She ______ her homework and ______ to bed early. A. finished; went B. finish; go C. finished; go D. finishes; goes 6. They ______ to the park two days ago. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 7. —Did you enjoy the film? —Yes, I ______. A. do B. did C. does D. was 8. We ______ a good time at the party last night. A. have B. has C. had D. having 9. —______ you at school yesterday? —No, I ______ ill at home. A. Were; was B. Was; was C. Are; am D. Were; were 10. He ______ born in 2010 in a small village. A. is B. was C. were D. be B. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 11. My brother ______ (watch) a film yesterday evening. 12. She ______ (not go) to school last Monday because she was ill. 13. —______ you ______ (see) the new teacher this morning? —Yes, I did. 14. We ______ (be) good friends when we were children. 15. He ______ (stop) the car and got out. 16. They ______ (plan) a trip to Beijing last month. 17. My father ______ (study) English at college ten years ago. 18. The little girl ______ (carry) a heavy bag home yesterday. 19. —When ______ he ______ (leave) for Shanghai? —Last Friday. 20. I ______ (have) a wonderful time at the beach last summer. 三、能力提升（20 题） A. 句型转换（按要求改写句子，每空一词） 1. She went to the library yesterday.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________________ 2. He was at home last night.（改为一般疑问句） ______________________________________________________________ 3. They had a meeting last Friday.（对画线部分提问） ______________________________________________________________ 4. I did my homework this morning.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________________ 5. Tom watched TV after supper.（改为一般疑问句） ______________________________________________________________ 6. She bought some fruit for the party.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________________ 7. They were in the classroom just now.（改为一般疑问句） ______________________________________________________________ 8. He came to school by bus this morning.（对画线部分提问：by bus） ______________________________________________________________ 9. My mother cooked dinner for us.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________________ 10. I was a little tired after the game.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ______________________________________________________________ B. 语境填空（用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、完整） Last Sunday, I 11.________ (go) to the countryside with my family. We 12.________ (get) up early and 13.________ (drive) there by car. The weather 14.________ (be) fine and the air 15.________ (be) fresh. We 16.________ (have) a picnic near a small river. My sister 17.________ (not like) the food at first, but she 18.________ (try) some later and said it was delicious. In the afternoon, we 19.________ (take) many photos. We 20.________ (come) back home at about six in the evening. 四、答案与解析 A. 基础训练·单项选择 1. B　last weekend 是过去时间，用 did 提问，动词还原为原形 do。 2. C　yesterday 表过去；buy 是不规则动词，过去式为 bought。 3. B　last winter 表过去；主语 the weather 是不可数，用 was。 4. A　this morning 表过去，主语 Tom 用 Was 提问，否定回答 wasn't。 5. A　and 连接过去一连串动作，都用过去式 finished、went。 6. C　two days ago 表过去；go 过去式为不规则 went。 7. B　Did 提问用 did 回答，肯定简答 Yes, I did。 8. C　last night 表过去；have 过去式为 had。 9. A　yesterday 表过去；主语 you 用 Were，答句主语 I 用 was。 10. B　be born 表示“出生”，用过去式 was（主语 He 单数）。 B. 基础训练·填空（第 11–20 题） 11. watched　yesterday evening 表过去；watch 直接加 -ed。 12. didn't go　last Monday 表过去；否定句借 didn't，动词还原为原形 go。 13. Did; see　this morning 表过去，用 Did 提问，动词用原形 see。 14. were　主语 we 用 were；when we were children 是过去时间。 15. stopped　stop 是重读闭音节，双写 p 再加 -ed→stopped。 16. planned　plan 是重读闭音节，双写 n 再加 -ed→planned。 17. studied　study 是辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed→studied。 18. carried　carry 变 y 为 i 加 -ed→carried；yesterday 表过去。 19. did; leave　leave 提问用 did，动词还原为原形 leave（过去式 left 只在肯定句用）。 20. had　have 过去式不规则 had；last summer 表过去。 C. 能力提升·句型转换 1. She didn't go to the library yesterday.　过去式 went 的否定要借 didn't，动词还原为原形 go，不能写成 didn't went。 2. Was he at home last night?　be 动词 was 直接提前构成一般疑问句。 3. When did they have a meeting?　画线部分是时间，用 When 提问；had 借 did 后还原为 have。 4. I didn't do my homework this morning.　陷阱：did 是实义动词，否定要另借 didn't，动词还原为 **do**，不能写成 didn't did。 5. Did Tom watch TV after supper?　过去式 watched 借 Did 提问后还原为原形 watch。 6. She didn't buy any fruit for the party.　否定句 some 改 any；bought 借 didn't 后还原为 buy。 7. Were they in the classroom just now?　主语 they 用 Were 提前。 8. How did he come to school this morning?　对方式提问用 How；came 借 did 后还原为 come。 9. My mother didn't cook dinner for us.　过去式 cooked 借 didn't，动词还原为原形 cook。 10. Were you a little tired after the game? —Yes, I was.　主语 I 变 you，be 用 Were；肯定简答 Yes, I was。 D. 能力提升·语境填空（第 11–20 题） 11. went　Last Sunday 表过去，go 过去式不规则 went。 12. got　与前后动词并列，都是过去动作，get→got。 13. drove　drive 过去式不规则 drove。 14. was　主语 the weather 不可数，用 was。 15. was　主语 the air 不可数，用 was。 16. had　have 过去式 had。 17. didn't like　否定借 didn't，动词还原为原形 like。 18. tried　try 变 y 为 i 加 -ed→tried。 19. took　take 过去式不规则 took。 20. came　come 过去式不规则 came。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $