Unit 5 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语宾语从句（1）核心知识点，系统梳理引导词（that/whether/if/疑问词）、陈述语序、时态呼应规则，以教材“与自然共生”主题为依托，通过课文原句构建从定义到难点突破的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握语法要点。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，以《The 24 Solar Terms》课文实例为载体，通过易错点睛、四步判断法分析学生错误，提升语法应用能力。综合训练结合中考考法，课中辅助教师讲解重点，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，速记口诀强化学习能力，助力高效掌握语法知识。

Unit 5 Living with nature 语法讲义 外研版（2022年版课程标准修订）· 八年级下册 语法板块：宾语从句（1）：引导词、语序与时态呼应 Unit 5 的主题是「与自然共生」。课文《The 24 Solar Terms》从一句童年回忆写起：I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.（我没想到这些画会这么受欢迎）I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.（我很高兴许多人，尤其是年轻人，正对这份古老智慧产生新的兴趣）（教材 p71 活动 5）。句子的「后半截」——how popular…would become、that many people are taking…——都是本单元的核心语法：宾语从句（1）（教材附录 p135–136）。 一、什么是宾语从句：把一句话放进动词后面 教材的说明是：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句常由 that、whether / if、连接代词（what, who, which 等）或连接副词（when, where, how, why 等）引导。例句—— The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times. 节气帮助他们理解为什么某些事情在特定时节发生。 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 我没想到这些画会这么受欢迎。 The terms helped them understand how they should react. 节气帮助他们理解应如何应对。 【教材出处】教材附录 p135；后两句出自教材 p71 活动 5(a)(c) 课文原句 从句的「身份」可以从它在句中的位置看出来：只要一个句子出现在及物动词（know, think, believe, understand, wonder, hope 等）之后、充当它的宾语，它就是宾语从句。 引导词类型 引导词 教材例句 陈述句 → that that（可省略） I hope (that) my advice is helpful. 一般疑问句 → whether / if whether / if I wonder whether / if they will find out. 特殊疑问句 → 疑问词 what / how / when / why… I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 易错点睛 ① 从句里不能用疑问语序：不知道 how popular the paintings would become ✓，不能写 how popular would the paintings become ❌；② that 在从句中不充当成分、只起连接作用，口语和书面中常省略；③ whether 与 if 在宾语从句中可互换，但句首与介词后只能用 whether。 二、语序：从句一律用陈述语序 教材的说明是：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都使用陈述语序——即「引导词 + 主语 + 谓语」，不能保留疑问句的倒装。对比—— 原疑问句 变成宾语从句后 变化 How popular will the paintings become? I don't know how popular the paintings would become. 语序还原 Why do things happen at certain times? The terms helped them understand why things happen at certain times. 语序还原 How should they react? The terms helped them understand how they should react. 语序还原 Will they find out? I wonder whether they will find out. 语序还原 【教材出处】教材附录 p135–136 这条规则是宾语从句最容易失分的地方。改写时的口诀：把疑问句「打回原形」——助动词 do / does / did 去掉，动词恢复时态，主语回到动词前面。 中考考法 单选与句型转换双高频：—Do you know ______? A. where is he B. where he is——看到「宾语从句」先排除倒装项，选 B。句型转换题常要求把两个简单句合并为含宾语从句的复合句，合并时务必检查语序与连接词。 三、时态呼应的三条规则 教材的说明是：宾语从句的时态受主句时态的制约，通常有以下三种情况—— 主句时态 从句时态 教材例句 主句是现在时 从句可用任何需要的时态 I'm happy that many people are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.（教材 p71 课文） 主句是过去时 从句用相应的过去时态 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.（教材 p71 课文） 从句是客观真理 从句一律用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 教材附录 p136 时态呼应表；第 3 条为客观规律的例外，必须牢记。 课文有两处绝佳对照——第一处 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 主句是过去时 didn't know，从句用「过去将来时」would become；第二处 I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest… 主句是现在时 I'm，从句顺应语境用现在进行时。主语时态一变，从句跟着变，这就是「时态呼应」。 【教材出处】教材 p71 活动 5(a)(b) 课文原句 易错点睛 ① 主句过去时、从句仍用现在时：He said he is ill. ❌ → He said he was ill. ✓；② 客观真理例外不要忘：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. ✓（从句虽是客观规律，仍用一般现在时）；③ 过去将来时用 would，不要写 will：I didn't know how popular the paintings will become. ❌。 四、引导词的选择：that / whether / if / 疑问词 教材的说明是：宾语从句的引导词由原句的类型决定——陈述句用 that；一般疑问句用 whether / if；特殊疑问句保留原来的疑问词。例句—— 陈述句：I think (that) the 24 Solar Terms are part of our culture. 我认为二十四节气是我们文化的一部分。 一般疑问句：I wonder whether / if the ancient way of dividing time will stay with us. 我想知道这种古老的划分时间的方式是否会一直陪伴我们。 特殊疑问句：They help people understand why nature works this way. 它们帮助人们理解大自然为什么这样运转。 【教材出处】教材附录 p136；第三句出自教材 p71 课文原句 whether 与 if 的分别值得注意：宾语从句中两者可互换，但句首、介词后、与 or not 连用时只能用 whether。例如 It depends on whether we work together.（取决于我们是否合作）。 中考考法 单选高频：I don't know ______ he will come or not. 只能用 whether（与 or not 连用）。另一考点是 that 的省略：单个宾语从句时 that 可省，但两个并列的 that 从句时第二个 that 通常保留。 五、难点突破：宾语从句的语序与呼应 难点突破｜宾语从句两大坑：语序倒装、时态不呼应 难点是什么｜学生写出 Do you know where is the museum? ❌（保留了疑问语序）；或者 He said he will come tomorrow. ❌（主句过去时，从句没跟着变）；还常忘掉客观真理例外，写成 The teacher said that the earth moved around the sun. ❌。 学生为什么错｜原句就是疑问句，学生改写成从句时只把疑问词搬到了前面，忘了「语序要还原」这一步；时态呼应则与汉语习惯冲突——汉语说「他说他明天会来」，从句的「会来」不受主句影响，所以学生没有「从句时态跟着主句走」的意识。 怎么判断（可教给学生的话）｜ (1) 第一步：判断从句来源类型（陈述 / 一般疑问 / 特殊疑问），据此选引导词（that / whether 或 if / 疑问词）。 (2) 第二步：把从句还原成陈述语序——主语在谓语之前，删去 do / does / did，动词恢复时态。 (3) 第三步：看主句时态。主句是现在时，从句按语境选；主句是过去时，从句退到相应的过去时（含过去将来时 would）。 (4) 第四步：检查例外。若从句说的是客观真理、自然规律，无论主句什么时态都用一般现在时。 教材例证｜I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 我没想到这些画会这么受欢迎。（教材 p71 活动 5(a) 课文原句：从句用陈述语序 how popular the paintings would become；主句 didn't know 是过去时，从句用过去将来时 would become） 当堂变式｜① 改错：I don't know where is the museum.（→ where the museum is）② 改错：He said that he will come tomorrow.（→ would come）③ 改错：The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun.（→ moves，客观真理） 一句话纠偏｜一句话：从句用陈述语序，时态跟着主句退；客观真理不改时态。 六、综合训练（共 40 分） 练习一　单项选择（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. Do you know ______? 　　A. where is the museum　　B. where the museum is　　C. where does the museum lie　　D. the museum where is 2. I didn't know how popular the paintings ______ become. 　　A. will　　B. would　　C. did　　D. do 3. He said that he ______ busy the next day. 　　A. is　　B. will be　　C. would be　　D. was going 4. The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound. 　　A. travelled　　B. travels　　C. would travel　　D. travel 5. I don't know ______ he will come or not. 　　A. if　　B. whether　　C. that　　D. what 练习二　把下列两句合并为含宾语从句的复合句（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. What does the word mean? Do you know? 2. Will the ancient way of dividing time stay with us? I wonder. 3. How should they react? The terms helped them understand. 4. Why do things happen at certain times? The terms helped them understand. 5. The 24 Solar Terms are part of our culture. I think. 练习三　句型转换（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. I don't know where he lives.（改为一般疑问句） 2. He said, 「I am reading a book.」（改为宾语从句） 3. The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.（改为否定句） 4. I wonder whether he will come.（改为同义句，用 if） 5. She asked me when I would finish the work.（改为直接引语） 练习四　语篇填空（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读短文，用所给词的适当形式填空（依据教材 p71 课文《The 24 Solar Terms》语境改编）。 I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. The terms helped them understand why things 1. ______ (happen) at certain times, and how they 2. ______ (should) react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I didn't know how popular the paintings 3. ______ (become). I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, 4. ______ (take) a new interest in the ancient wisdom now. The 24 Solar Terms are known as the 「Fifth Great Invention of China」. They help people understand why nature 5. ______ (work) this way. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. I hope 6. ______ more young people will learn about this ancient wisdom. I wonder 7. ______ it will still be popular in a hundred years. I believe 8. ______ it will find its way into the life of the young. My parents told me 9. ______ the ancient calendar 10. ______ (disappear) from the life of the Chinese. 参考答案与解析 练习一：1. B（宾语从句用陈述语序，排除倒装项）。2. B（主句 didn't know 是过去时，从句用过去将来时 would，课文原句）。3. C（主句 said 是过去时，the next day 提示将来，用过去将来时 would be）。4. B（客观真理用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响）。5. B（与 or not 连用只能用 whether）。 练习二：1. Do you know what the word means?（特殊疑问句变从句，语序还原、动词恢复第三人称单数）。2. I wonder whether / if the ancient way of dividing time will stay with us.3. The terms helped them understand how they should react.（课文原句）。4. The terms helped them understand why things happen at certain times.（课文原句）。5. I think (that) the 24 Solar Terms are part of our culture. 练习三：1. Do you know where he lives?（主句改成一般疑问句）。2. He said (that) he was reading a book.（时态呼应：现在进行时 → 过去进行时）。3. The teacher didn't tell us the earth moves around the sun.（否定主句动词）。4. I wonder if he will come.（whether 与 if 在宾语从句中可互换）。5. She asked me, 「When will you finish the work?」（直接引语恢复疑问语序）。 练习四：1. happen（主句 helped 是过去时，但从句说的是节气「解释事情为何在特定时节发生」这一规律性事实，用一般现在时；教材 p71 课文原句）。2. should（should react，课文原句，情态动词无人称变化）。3. would become（主句 didn't know 是过去时，从句用过去将来时，课文原句）。4. are taking（主句 I'm 是现在时，从句用现在进行时表示当前正在发生，课文原句）。5. works（节气帮助人们理解「大自然为何这样运转」，规律性事实用一般现在时）。6. that（希望从句用 that 引导，可省略）。7. whether / if（我想知道它是否仍受欢迎，一般疑问句变从句）。8. that（我相信从句，用 that）。9. that（父母告诉我从句，用 that）。10. has disappeared（主句 told 是过去时，但从句说的是「至今已从生活中消失」的现状，用现在完成时表示对现在的影响）。解析：本题把「语序还原」「时态呼应」「客观规律例外」「that / whether 引导词选择」四个考点放在一篇课文里，做题时逐句先判引导词、再判语序、最后判时态。 速记口诀 宾语从句三件套：引导词、语序、时态要配套；陈述用 that，疑问 whether、if，特殊疑问词照搬；从句一律陈述序，倒装一律要还原；主句过去从句也过去，客观真理永远现在时。 外研版八年级下册 Unit 5 语法讲义（Living with nature） 第 页 / 共 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $