Unit 4 Space Exploration Listening and Speaking课时作业-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

**基本信息** 高中英语必修三Unit 4 Period One同步练，分层梯度清晰，从词汇、语法到语篇层层递进，强化语言能力与思维品质，适配新授课基础巩固与适度提升需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇与基础语法|单词拼写直接考查单元主题词（如astronauts），单句填空聚焦词性转换（如curious→curiosity），夯实语言能力基础| |进阶层|语法规则综合应用|语法填空融合定语从句、时态语态等，如非限制性定语从句引导词which，体现语法知识的灵活运用| |综合应用层|语篇理解与逻辑分析|阅读理解围绕太空探索主题（如宇航员饮食、火星辐射），阅读七选五探讨太空探索意义，培养文化意识与批判性思维|

2026-2027高中英语 必修三 课时作业 Unit 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Period One　Listening and Speaking ●Ⅰ 单词拼写(每小题1分,满分6分) 1.The 　　　　　　(宇航员)are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness.   2.The officers insisted that Michael did not follow the correct 　　　　　　(程序) in applying for a visa.   3.Exercise is good for your 　　　　　　(精神的) health, because working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.   4.She is an 　　　　　　(有智慧的) student who always solves complex problems quickly.  5.The theme park is not available now because some 　　　　　　(设备)are being repaired.   6.They were about the same height, around 175 　　　　　　(厘米) tall.   ●Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分12分) 1.It’s a common 　　　　　　(require)that all participants register before the event.  2.Out of 　　　　　　(curious),the elderly couple participated in the activity held by the teens yesterday.  3.While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your 　　　　　　(intelligent).   4.A supportive social network is crucial for staying physically and 　　　　　　(mental) healthy.  5.He needs to finish several 　　　　　　(procedure) before he is formally appointed.   6.According to the World Health Organization,2.4 million people die annually from causes directly 　　　　　　(relate) to air pollution.   7.After the examination, the dentist suggested that she should have the tooth 　　　　　(pull).   8.In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, the   (high) of buildings is limited because of earthquake danger. ●Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分16分) 1.Before the sales start, I 　　　　　　　　(列出……的清单) what my kids will need for the coming season.   2.With temperature 　　　　　　(上升,升高), we found it hard to stay outdoors.   3.Each corner had a guard tower, each of which was exactly ten metres 　　　　　　(在高度方面).   4.A graduation ceremony is a custom that takes place when students 　　　　　　　(从……毕业) a school.   5.Reading English aloud in the morning 　　　　　　helps practise your oral English 　　　　　　(不但……而且……) helps strengthen your memory.   6.If you 　　　　　　　　　　(对……好奇)American literature, you can read some books about it.   7.If you want to be a professional footballer, you must 　　　　　　(为……而接受训练) football as required.   8.　　　　　　 (首先), you’d better know clearly what you want to be before you choose your major.   ●Ⅳ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分20分) A Life as an astronaut has various unique attractions. This can include experiencing weightlessness and looking back at Earth as a pale blue dot. Food is not among them. Space travellers over the years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-dried ice cream and liquid salt and pepper. Now, the menu is set to be augmented, with the first space-grown lettuce (生菜) found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the Earth-grown variety. Gioia Massa of NASA Kennedy Space Centre is the lead scientist on the lettuce-growing project. She said that growing food in space could be wonderful for astronauts on missions lasting more than one month. “If you store packaged food for a long time, not only will the flavour and nutritional quality decrease, but the vitamins will degrade. After eating such food, astronauts’ intake of nutrition is not ensured,” she said. Besides, for them, there may also be psychological benefits of growing and looking after plants. Lettuce has been grown in batches (分批) on board the International Space Station (ISS). The vegetable production system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows (sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a tube. The lettuce crops grow undisturbed for 33 to 56 days before being harvested and eaten, or deep-frozen and returned to Earth for chemical and biological analysis. The space-grown lettuces are similar in make-up to Earth-grown ones but they have higher levels of bacteria (细菌), possibly due to their growth in a warmer, more humid (潮湿的) and closed-air system. But they are not found to carry any harmful bacteria. NASA is now enlarging the range of produce grown on board the ISS. It will be quite some time before any vegetables can be transformed into a dish, however. “While we have nowhere to cook up there now, we can look forward to more things that taste fresh,” Massa explained. (　)1.What does the underlined word “augmented” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A.Enlarged.　　　　B.Engaged. C.Reduced. D.Measured. (　)2.What do we know about growing space-grown lettuce? A.Its flavour and nutritional quality decline. B.It is terrible for astronauts on missions. C.It can contribute to astronauts’ mental health. D.It will make sure the astronauts’ intake of nutrition. (　)3.What can we infer from the text? A.Lettuces will be grown in batches on board. B.The vegetable production system consists of three parts. C.It will take at least 56 days to harvest the space-grown lettuce crop. D.Thanks to the growing environment, the space-grown lettuces don’t contain any harmful bacteria. (　)4.What does Massa mainly intend to explain in the last paragraph? A.The difficulty in growing produce on board. B.The necessity to enlarge the space on board. C.The desire to enjoy cooked vegetables on board. D.The expectation to enrich the variety of produce grown on board. B Sending human travellers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation (辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系). Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet? And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation? In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an international team of space scientists, including researchers from UCLA, answers those two questions with a “no” and a “yes”. That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: the scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak (高峰期), because, during this period, the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏转) by the enhanced solar activity. A trip of that length would be imaginable. The average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so depending on the timing of the launch and available fuel, it is reasonable that astronauts could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co-author of the paper. “This study shows that while space radiation imposes (强加) strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of the launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is possible,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. (　)5.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A.To list human’s achievements in space. B.To show a possible way to travel to Mars. C.To introduce scientists’ effort to travel to Mars. D.To present one of the difficulties of the trip to Mars. (　)6.What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Escape. B.Approach. C.Protect. D.Separate. (　)7.What is the longest duration of a round trip to Mars for the safety of humans? A.About 9 months. B.Less than 4 years. C.Less than two years. D.One year. (　)8.What can be the best title for the text? A.Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars? B.Humans will travel to Mars in the near future C.The timing of a trip to Mars is planned D.Particle radiation changes for the solar activity ●Ⅴ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) Benefits of space exploration On April 12, 1961, astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. 1.　　　　 Why should we spend so much time and money exploring dangerous environments? Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space exploration, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.  Medical benefits. 2.　　　　 Analysing the effects of zero gravity on blood circulation led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.  3.　　　  The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum-sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. Today, we still use them in our daily lives. Yet, we even don’t know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon. 4.　　　　 Who knows what kind of new technology could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future?  Creation of STEM jobs. Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest-paid jobs in the market. 5.　　　  A.Space tourism industry. B.Development of new technologies. C.Is exploring space a waste of time and money? D.As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. E.So the growing space industry creates high-paid jobs. F.The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body. G.The age of space exploration started that day. ●Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分) Beidou navigation satellites (导航卫星) are working around the clock at a height of 20,000 to 40,000 kilometres away from the Earth’s surface. Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), 1.　　　　　　 is developed by China, is the third successful navigation satellite system in the world. In China, the seven stars in the tail of Ursa Major 2.　　　　 (call) the Big Dipper (北斗七星). In the past, Chinese people 3.　　　　　　 (depend) on the Big Dipper for telling directions.  Wise Chinese people invented 4.　　　　 world’s first navigation equipment, “compass” (指南针). BDS can provide all-weather and all-day positioning, navigation and timing service for all kinds of 5.　　　　　　 (user) across the world.  With the development of BDS, related products have been 6.　　　　　　 (wide) used in transportation, oceanic fishery, weather reporting, forest fire prevention, disaster relief and so on. Its timing function standardizes the time of every day and also takes part 7.　　　　　　 more detailed weather reporting. The farm products on our dinner table depend on Beidou for higher yields (产量) and 8.　　　　　　 (fast) transportation. We can always know when our deliveries will arrive. Moving cars depend on satellite navigation 9.　　　　　　 (find) shorter ways.  With BDS 10.　　　　　　 (arrange) the time, the city’s subways and buses can let passengers know when they will arrive at the station. Beidou navigation will have a greater impact on human life with its world-class technology.  Unit 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Period One　Listening and Speaking 参考答案 Ⅰ. 1.astronauts　2.procedure　3.mental　4.intelligent　5.facilities　6.centimetres Ⅱ.1.requirement　2.curiosity　3.intelligence 4.mentally　5.procedures　6.related　7.pulled　8.height Ⅲ.1.make a list of　2.going up　3.in height　4.graduate from　5.not only; but also　6.are curious about　7.train for 8.First of all Ⅳ.A 【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今宇航员在太空舱成功种植了生菜。这不仅能为宇航员提供营养,而且种植和照顾生菜也能促进宇航员的心理健康。 1.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Space travellers over the years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-dried ice cream and liquid salt and pepper.”可知,多年来,宇航员已经习惯了某些食物,再根据画线词下文“…with the first space-grown lettuce (生菜)found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the Earth-grown variety.”可知,现在宇航员的菜单上有了新的食物——生菜。由此推知,画线词augmented意为“增加”,与A项enlarged意思一样,故选A。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, for them, there may also be psychological benefits of growing and looking after plants.”可知,在太空种植生菜可以促进宇航员的心理健康。故选C。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The vegetable production system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows (sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a tube.”[蔬菜生产系统被称为Veggie。它由植物枕头(含有陶土的密封单元)、 LED 照明和一个允许宇航员通过管子注水的浇水系统组成。]可推知,蔬菜生产系统由三部分组成。故选B。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘While we have nowhere to cook up there now, we can look forward to more things that taste fresh,’ Massa explained.”(“虽然我们现在没有地方烹饪,我们可以期待更多味道新鲜的东西,”马萨解释说。)可推知,在最后一段,Massa试图解释,她希望丰富太空舱种植的农产品品种。故选D。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了前往火星的旅程中,人类将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为,恰当的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation(辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).”和第二段的“Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty…”可推知,第一段的作用是介绍人类前往火星需要克服的一个难题。故选D项。 6.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的from the radiation可知,此处表示前往火星的恰当时机能否保护宇航员和宇宙飞船免受辐射的伤害。由此可知,shield意为“保护”,与protect意思一致。故选C项。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.”可知,人类安全地往返火星是可行的,前提是宇宙飞船有足够的保护,而且往返时间少于四年,即往返火星最长的期限是四年。故选B项。 8.A　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段“Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet? And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation?”和第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.”可知,本文主要讲的是人类前往火星将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为合适的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全,A项“Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars?”可以做本文标题,故选A项。 Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索带来的医疗、科技以及经济方面的益处。 1.G　前文“On April 12, 1961, astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.”描述人类首次前往外太空的事件,G项“The age of space exploration started that day.” (太空探索的时代从那一天开始。)符合语境,指出这一事件的重要意义,承接前文,其中的that day指代前文的April 12, 1961。故选G。 2.F　空处位于段首,需呼应段落标题,引出段落内容。根据标题“Medical benefits.” (医疗益处。)可知,本段主要介绍太空探索带来的医疗益处,后文“Analysing the effects of zero gravity on blood circulation led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.” (通过分析零重力对血液循环的影响,人们发现了许多预防某些类型的心力衰竭的方法。对宇航员骨骼强度和骨质流失的实验和测量帮助医生更好地了解骨骼疾病。)具体介绍了太空探索对医疗发展的帮助,因此F项“The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body.”(太空探索带来的医疗益处可以触及人体的每一个部位。)符合语境,说明这种益处非常多,契合后文内容,其中的medical benefits在标题中有同词复现。故选F。 3.B　空处是段落标题,需统领段落内容,且需和其他段落标题一样使用名词短语的形式。根据第一段中“The benefits of space exploration, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.” (太空探索带来的益处,包括医疗、技术和经济益处,大于其危险。)可推知,空处的益处与技术相关,后文“The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum-sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. Today, we still use them in our daily lives.” (太空竞赛在最短的时间内带来了技术进步,例如真空密封食品、防火材料和现代真空吸尘器。今天,我们仍然在日常生活中使用它们。)也主要介绍太空探索对科技发展的帮助,因此B项“Development of new technologies.”(新技术的开发。)符合语境,契合段落内容,其中的technologies呼应第一段和后文的technological。故选B。 4.D　前文“Today, we still use them in our daily lives. Yet, we even don’t know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon.”说明太空探索带来的技术发展对人们的生活有帮助,后文“Who knows what kind of new technology could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future?” (谁知道未来会开发出什么样的新技术,让我们的生活更轻松呢?)以问题的形式期待未来太空探索带来的新技术,因此D项“As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration.” (正如你所看到的,对我们来说不断挑战太空探索的极限是很重要的。)符合语境,指出太空探索的重要性,对前文进行了总结,过渡到后文的问题。故选D。 5.E　前文“Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest-paid jobs in the market.” (虽然这些职位需要高素质的人才来填补,但它们是市场上收入最高的一些工作。)说明太空探索需要的人才收入很高,因此E项“So the growing space industry creates high-paid jobs.” (因此,不断发展的航天工业创造了高薪工作。)符合语境,总结航天工业带来高薪工作,承接前文,其中的high-paid和前文的highest-paid呼应。故选E。 Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北斗系统作为中国自主研发的全球导航系统,通过精准定位与授时服务深度融入生产生活各领域。 1.which　考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词Beidou Navigation Satellite System指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2.are called　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处在描述客观事实,时态应用一般现在时,call“称作”和主语the seven stars之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是复数,be动词应用are。故填are called。 3.depended　考查动词时态。根据in the past可知,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时。故填depended。 4.the　考查冠词。此处特指世界上首个导航设备,用定冠词the。故填the。 5.users　考查名词复数。根据空前的all kinds of可知,这里指各类用户,可数名词user应用复数形式。故填users。 6.widely　考查副词。空处修饰动词used,用副词widely作状语,意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 7.in　考查介词。take part in为固定搭配,意为“参与,加入”。故填in。 8.faster　考查形容词比较级。空处作修饰transportation的定语,根据前面的形容词比较级higher可知,此处在做比较,应用形容词fast的比较级形式。故填faster。 9.to find　考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语,表示“为了……”,应用动词不定式。故填to find。 10.arranging　考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构,arrange“安排”和BDS在逻辑上是主动关系,用arrange的现在分词形式。故填arranging。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $