3.2 Natural Disaster Prevention（Reading）-《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）《一课一练》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 本练习通过课前预习与课堂检测分层设计，从词汇短语到语篇应用构建渐进式知识巩固路径，适配中职英语课时教学目标，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |课前预习|核心词汇、重点短语、基础句型|采用词汇填空、短语匹配、难句翻译题型，夯实语言知识基础| |课堂检测|语篇理解、综合应用|通过完形填空（语境词汇运用）和阅读理解（信息分析推断），提升语篇层面语言能力与思维品质|

编写说明：本系列紧扣中职学生英语基础与专业学习需求，结合英语学科特点，为提高学习效率，落实课前、课中、课后学习环节，专门编写了以下《中等职业学校英语课程标准》配套的江苏专用《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）《一课一练》（解析版）。 以下为《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）Unit 3 Natural Disaster Prevention（Reading）的课前预习与课堂检测。 Unit 3 Natural Disaster Prevention （2）Reading 【课前预习】 一、核心词汇检测 1. n. 网络______ 2. n. 仪器______ 3. v. 提供______ 4. v. 收集______ 5. v. 分析______ 6. adj. 快速的______ 7. adj. 详细的______ 8. n. 信息______ 二、课文重点短语 1. make up ______ 2. be backed up by ______ 3. within seconds ______ 4. measuring station ______ 5. real-time analysis ______ 6. send a warning ______ 三、课文难句翻译 1. An early-warning system can provide a few valuable seconds after an earthquake begins. 2. Sensors collect data, and real-time analysis turns the data into clear public messages. 3. Preparedness works only when accurate technology is matched with practice and clear action. 【课堂检测】 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） At 2:17 a.m., a monitoring centre in western China received unusual __1__ from six measuring stations. The automatic system __2__ the data with 48 earlier events and marked the pattern as a possible earthquake, but a computer alert alone could not decide what local people should do. Engineer Liu Min checked the __3__, __4__ the first weak P-waves had arrived before the stronger S-waves. Having confirmed that three independent stations had recorded the same pattern, she sent the information to the duty manager. Within 19 seconds, the centre produced a detailed __5__. It listed the estimated location, depth and magnitude. Only after two specialists had reviewed the result did the warning enter the public system. The message reached railway control rooms, hospitals and factories before the strongest shaking arrived in a nearby county. A nearby chemical plant stopped two production lines. A high-speed train also __6__ its speed immediately. In a hospital, lifts opened at the nearest floor and medical workers moved away from large windows. These actions lasted less than a minute, yet they reduced the chance that moving machines or falling objects would cause further harm. The earthquake measured 5.3, and no building __7__. Some residents later complained that the alarm had frightened them because the shaking felt weak in their neighbourhoods. Liu understood their feelings, but she explained that early warning is not a prediction: it uses sensor networks and real-time analysis to provide a few valuable seconds after an earthquake begins. The system itself cannot remove the danger completely. What it can do is turn reliable data into timely action, __8__ means every warning must be __9__, clear and connected to a practical safety plan. People act __10__ the power of correct early-warning messages. 1. A. prices B. signals C. pictures D. voices 2. A. protected B. repaired C. compared D. divided 3. A. surface B. waveform C. headline D. direction 4. A. which B. what C. where D. when 5. A. ticket B. report C. invitation D. advertisement 6. A. increased B. recorded C. reduced D. repeated 7. A. returned B. opened C. continued D. collapsed 8. A. whose B. what C. which D. who 9. A. formal B. accurate C. private D. silent 10. A. in B. for C. by D. on 二、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） An early-warning system is often imagined as a loud siren, but effective prevention depends on a complete chain of information and action. Sensors detect danger, a network carries the message, and people know how to respond. If any link fails, even a correct warning may save little time. Consider a riverside city with 600,000 residents. Its emergency office installed 120 rainfall sensors in 2023 and connected them to a water model, which estimates how quickly water may enter low-lying streets. During a 2025 test, the model identified 18 flood-risk areas within four minutes. However, only 62 percent of shop owners understood the colour-coded warning, so the city added simple action words such as "move," "close" and "evacuate." Timing creates another problem. A yellow alert may be issued six hours before heavy rain, while a red alert can require evacuation within 45 minutes. Because the two messages concern the same storm, residents sometimes treat the earlier notice as the final instruction. To reduce confusion, each message now states the expected time, affected area and required action, and it expires automatically when newer information arrives. Technology also has limits. Mobile messages may not arrive when power fails or a base station is damaged. The city therefore uses radio, vehicle loudspeakers and 38 community contact points as backup channels. Where older residents exceed 25 percent of the population, trained volunteers visit registered homes. Only when digital tools and human support operate together can an alert reach people with different needs. Drills turn information into behaviour. In one riverside district, 2,400 residents practised a 1.6-kilometre evacuation route, but the first exercise took 52 minutes because cars blocked a narrow crossing. After barriers were moved and traffic roles were clarified, the second exercise took 34 minutes. The improvement did not come from a faster sensor; it came from finding a practical weakness. A warning system should therefore be judged by what happens after the message is sent. Detection, communication, understanding and action form one chain. Preparedness works only when accurate technology is matched with clear language, backup plans and practice. 11. Why did the city add simple action words to its warnings? A. Sensors were too expensive. B. Residents disliked mobile phones. C. The city had no rainfall data. D. Many shop owners misunderstood the colours. 12. What information is included in each improved warning? A. Hotel price, route and weather. B. Expected time, area and action. C. Sensor size, colour and owner. D. Population, income and age. 13. The underlined word "expires" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. 过期，失效 B. 生效 C. 推送 D. 统计 14. What can we learn from the two evacuation exercises? A. Longer routes are usually safer. B. Cars should carry more residents. C. Finding practical weaknesses improves response. D. Faster sensors always shorten evacuation. 15. Which is the best title for the text? A. How to Build a Rainfall Sensor B. The History of Coastal Transport C. When Mobile Phones Replace Volunteers D. Why Cities Need More Than a Warning Siren 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本系列紧扣中职学生英语基础与专业学习需求，结合英语学科特点，为提高学习效率，落实课前、课中、课后学习环节，专门编写了以下《中等职业学校英语课程标准》配套的江苏专用《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）《一课一练》（解析版）。 以下为《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）Unit 3 Natural Disaster Prevention（Reading）的课前预习与课堂检测。 Unit 3 Natural Disaster Prevention （2）Reading 【课前预习】 一、核心词汇检测 1. n. 网络______ 2. n. 仪器______ 3. v. 提供______ 4. v. 收集______ 5. v. 分析______ 6. adj. 快速的______ 7. adj. 详细的______ 8. n. 信息______ 【答案】1. network　2. instrument　3. provide　4. collect　5. analyse　6. rapid　7. detailed　8. information 二、课文重点短语 1. make up ______ 2. be backed up by ______ 3. within seconds ______ 4. measuring station ______ 5. real-time analysis ______ 6. send a warning ______ 【答案】1. 组成　2. 由……提供支持　3. 数秒内　4. 测量站　5. 实时分析　6. 发出警报 三、课文难句翻译 1. An early-warning system can provide a few valuable seconds after an earthquake begins. 译文：预警系统可以在地震开始后提供几秒宝贵的时间。 2. Sensors collect data, and real-time analysis turns the data into clear public messages. 译文：传感器收集数据，实时分析把数据转化成清晰的公众信息。 3. Preparedness works only when accurate technology is matched with practice and clear action. 译文：只有把准确的技术与演练和明确行动结合起来，防灾准备才会真正起作用。 【课堂检测】 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） At 2:17 a.m., a monitoring centre in western China received unusual __1__ from six measuring stations. The automatic system __2__ the data with 48 earlier events and marked the pattern as a possible earthquake, but a computer alert alone could not decide what local people should do. Engineer Liu Min checked the __3__, __4__ the first weak P-waves had arrived before the stronger S-waves. Having confirmed that three independent stations had recorded the same pattern, she sent the information to the duty manager. Within 19 seconds, the centre produced a detailed __5__. It listed the estimated location, depth and magnitude. Only after two specialists had reviewed the result did the warning enter the public system. The message reached railway control rooms, hospitals and factories before the strongest shaking arrived in a nearby county. A nearby chemical plant stopped two production lines. A high-speed train also __6__ its speed immediately. In a hospital, lifts opened at the nearest floor and medical workers moved away from large windows. These actions lasted less than a minute, yet they reduced the chance that moving machines or falling objects would cause further harm. The earthquake measured 5.3, and no building __7__. Some residents later complained that the alarm had frightened them because the shaking felt weak in their neighbourhoods. Liu understood their feelings, but she explained that early warning is not a prediction: it uses sensor networks and real-time analysis to provide a few valuable seconds after an earthquake begins. The system itself cannot remove the danger completely. What it can do is turn reliable data into timely action, __8__ means every warning must be __9__, clear and connected to a practical safety plan. People act __10__ the power of correct early-warning messages. 1. A. prices B. signals C. pictures D. voices 2. A. protected B. repaired C. compared D. divided 3. A. surface B. waveform C. headline D. direction 4. A. which B. what C. where D. when 5. A. ticket B. report C. invitation D. advertisement 6. A. increased B. recorded C. reduced D. repeated 7. A. returned B. opened C. continued D. collapsed 8. A. whose B. what C. which D. who 9. A. formal B. accurate C. private D. silent 10. A. in B. for C. by D. on 【答案】1.B　2.C　3.B　4.D　5.B　6.C　7.D　8.C　9.B　10.C 【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述地震监测中心从捕获异常信号、人工复核到发布预警的过程，说明预警不是预测，要把可靠数据转化为及时行动。 【详解】 1. 考点：名词词义辨析。句意：凌晨2点17分，中国西部一处监测中心收到六个测量站传来的异常信号。A项意为“价格”；B项意为“信号”；C项意为“图片”；D项意为“声音”。测量站传来的是监测信号，signals符合语境，故选B。 2. 考点：动词词义辨析。句意：自动系统将这些数据与48起过往事件进行比对，并标记该模式可能为一次地震。A项意为“保护”；B项意为“修理”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“划分”。与过往事件对照，compared符合语境，故选C。 3. 考点：名词词义辨析。句意：工程师刘敏查看波形，此时较弱的P波已经早于更强的S波抵达。A项意为“表面”；B项意为“波形”；C项意为“标题”；D项意为“方向”。地震监测查看波形，waveform符合语境，故选B。 4. 考点：定语从句。句意：工程师刘敏查看波形，此时较弱的P波已经早于更强的S波抵达。A项意为“哪一个”；B项意为“什么”；C项意为“哪里”；D项意为“当时；那时”。先行词表时间背景，从句不缺主宾，用when，故选D。 5. 考点：名词词义辨析。句意：19秒之内，监测中心生成一份详细报告。A项意为“票”；B项意为“报告”；C项意为“邀请”；D项意为“广告”。列出位置、深度与震级的应是报告，report符合语境，故选B。 6. 考点：动词词义辨析。句意：一列高铁也立刻降低了运行速度。A项意为“增加”；B项意为“记录”；C项意为“降低”；D项意为“重复”。预警后减速更安全，reduced符合语境，故选C。 7. 考点：动词词义辨析。句意：此次地震5.3级，没有建筑物倒塌。A项意为“返回”；B项意为“打开”；C项意为“继续”；D项意为“倒塌”。与“没有建筑受损”语义一致，collapsed符合语境，故选D。 8. 考点：非限制性定语从句。句意：它所能做的就是把可靠数据转化为及时行动，这就意味着每一条警报都必须准确、清晰，并且和切实可行的安全方案相结合。A项意为“谁的”；B项意为“什么”；C项意为“这一点；那一点”；D项意为“谁”。which指代前面整件事，故选C。 9. 考点：形容词词义辨析。句意：每一条警报都必须准确、清晰，并且和切实可行的安全方案相结合。A项意为“正式的”；B项意为“准确的”；C项意为“私人的”；D项意为“沉默的”。与clear并列且强调可靠性，accurate符合语境，故选B。 10. 考点：介词辨析。句意：人们凭借准确预警信息的力量采取行动。A项意为“在……之内”；B项意为“为了”；C项意为“凭借；依靠”；D项意为“在……之上”。by the power of表示凭借……的力量，故选C。 二、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） An early-warning system is often imagined as a loud siren, but effective prevention depends on a complete chain of information and action. Sensors detect danger, a network carries the message, and people know how to respond. If any link fails, even a correct warning may save little time. Consider a riverside city with 600,000 residents. Its emergency office installed 120 rainfall sensors in 2023 and connected them to a water model, which estimates how quickly water may enter low-lying streets. During a 2025 test, the model identified 18 flood-risk areas within four minutes. However, only 62 percent of shop owners understood the colour-coded warning, so the city added simple action words such as "move," "close" and "evacuate." Timing creates another problem. A yellow alert may be issued six hours before heavy rain, while a red alert can require evacuation within 45 minutes. Because the two messages concern the same storm, residents sometimes treat the earlier notice as the final instruction. To reduce confusion, each message now states the expected time, affected area and required action, and it expires automatically when newer information arrives. Technology also has limits. Mobile messages may not arrive when power fails or a base station is damaged. The city therefore uses radio, vehicle loudspeakers and 38 community contact points as backup channels. Where older residents exceed 25 percent of the population, trained volunteers visit registered homes. Only when digital tools and human support operate together can an alert reach people with different needs. Drills turn information into behaviour. In one riverside district, 2,400 residents practised a 1.6-kilometre evacuation route, but the first exercise took 52 minutes because cars blocked a narrow crossing. After barriers were moved and traffic roles were clarified, the second exercise took 34 minutes. The improvement did not come from a faster sensor; it came from finding a practical weakness. A warning system should therefore be judged by what happens after the message is sent. Detection, communication, understanding and action form one chain. Preparedness works only when accurate technology is matched with clear language, backup plans and practice. 11. Why did the city add simple action words to its warnings? A. Sensors were too expensive. B. Residents disliked mobile phones. C. The city had no rainfall data. D. Many shop owners misunderstood the colours. 12. What information is included in each improved warning? A. Hotel price, route and weather. B. Expected time, area and action. C. Sensor size, colour and owner. D. Population, income and age. 13. The underlined word "expires" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. 过期，失效 B. 生效 C. 推送 D. 统计 14. What can we learn from the two evacuation exercises? A. Longer routes are usually safer. B. Cars should carry more residents. C. Finding practical weaknesses improves response. D. Faster sensors always shorten evacuation. 15. Which is the best title for the text? A. How to Build a Rainfall Sensor B. The History of Coastal Transport C. When Mobile Phones Replace Volunteers D. Why Cities Need More Than a Warning Siren 【答案】11.D　12.B　13.A　14.C　15.D 【导语】本文为说明文。文章通过传感器测试、预警文字改进、备用通信渠道和撤离演练等例子，说明城市防灾不能只依靠警报声，还需要清晰提示、备份方案与反复练习。 【详解】 11. 考点：细节理解。句意：城市为什么在预警中增加简单行动提示词？A项意为“传感器过于昂贵”；B项意为“居民不喜欢手机”；C项意为“城市没有降雨数据”；D项意为“许多店主看不懂颜色编码”。第2段写到只有62%的店主能读懂颜色编码，因此增加了行动提示词，故选D。 12. 考点：细节理解。句意：改进后的每条预警包含哪些信息？A项意为“酒店价格、路线和天气”；B项意为“预计时间、区域和行动”；C项意为“传感器尺寸、颜色和所有者”；D项意为“人口、收入和年龄”。第3段明确写出expected time, affected area and required action，故选B。 13. 考点：词义猜测。句意：第3段画线词expires最可能的意思是________。A项意为“过期，失效”；B项意为“生效”；C项意为“推送”；D项意为“统计”。后文写到更新信息到来时旧预警自动处理，结合语境指旧提示不再有效，故选A。 14. 考点：推理判断。句意：从两次撤离演练中我们能学到什么？A项意为“更长路线通常更安全”；B项意为“车辆应当搭载更多居民”；C项意为“发现实际弱点可以提升应急响应”；D项意为“更快的传感器总能缩短撤离时间”。文末指出进步并非来自更快传感器，而是发现并整改实际弱点，故选C。 15. 考点：标题归纳。句意：哪一项最适合作本文标题？A项意为“如何建造降雨传感器”；B项意为“沿海交通史”；C项意为“当手机取代志愿者”；D项意为“为什么城市不能只依靠警报器”。全文围绕预警完整链条展开，点明只靠警报器不够，D项最贴合主旨，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $