专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，广西专用）高二英语上学期

**基本信息** 该高二英语期中阅读理解汇编聚焦“人与社会”“人与自我”“人与自然”主题语境，精选垂直农业智能照明、猪肺异种移植等科技前沿及CopenPay环保旅游等社会热点素材，设题从词汇理解到主旨推断梯度分明，适配期中检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|多 passage 组合|科技（透明竹子材料）、环保（蜱虫生态）、文化（袁隆平事迹）|以智能照明、人口老龄化等时代素材创设情境，通过“词义猜测-细节理解-推理判断”层次设问，呼应高考真题命题趋势|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1.What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A. Effective. B. Efficient. C. Challenging. D. Consuming. 2.What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A. Variations in power costs. B. Growth stages of the crops. C. Outdoor lighting conditions. D. Changing electricity supplies. 3.What did researchers find about indoor crops? A. They grow better under fixed lighting. B. They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C. They react similarly to varying light patterns. D. They output more under dynamic lighting. 4.What may Marcelis agree with? A. The new program helps save on electricity bills. B. There are still some limitations in the research. C. Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D. Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）Copenhagen is a beautiful city of Denmark that attracts a lot of tourists, especially during the summer. Though tourism is great for the economy, it is also bad for the environment. Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. This project is called CopenPay, whose purpose is to help reduce the environmental costs of tourism. The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act in an eco-friendlier way according to the Wonderful Copenhagen website. Though it is trust- based, some places may ask you to show a photo of you doing a green activity or a train ticket. Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. 1.How can you get free food as a visitor to Copenhagen? A. By sharing a car. B. By taking a bus to travel. C. By helping old people. D. By taking care of wild animals. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning Rikke Holm Petersen? A. The difficulty of the project. B. The success in the project. C. The reason for the project. D. The guess at the project. 3.What do we know about eco-friendly actions in Copenhagen? A. They are praised on websites. B. They take place mostly in museums. C. They get rewarded in different ways. D. They want to show Danish culture. 4.What is the importance of CopenPay according to the text? A. Changing the local environment greatly. B. Making tourists think highly of Copenhagen. C. Helping get more money from local tourism. D. Developing people’s environmental understanding. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市高级中学·期中）Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. In these artistic representations of non-verbal communication, we recognize universal human experiences that cross cultural and historical boundaries. In this “visual guide to body language”, artworks are carefully selected and arranged to highlight connections across different periods and societies. We observe scenes of people interacting in various social situations — from formal handshakes in business settings to intimate embraces between loved ones. Individuals are portrayed in numerous positions — leaning forward in interest, crossing arms in defense, or nodding in agreement. Though these artworks might have been created centuries apart, they capture moments of human interaction that remain familiar to us all. Body language in artworks often serves to reveal the inner world of the subjects — their confidence, anxiety, or social status. Before the scientific study of non-verbal communication, artists intuitively (凭直觉地) understood and captured these subtle signals in their works. In contemporary art, as our understanding of body language has deepened, artists have become more intentional in using gestures and postures as primary elements in their creations — making body language itself the subject matter of their works. Some might assume that in our digital age of video calls and virtual meetings, the study of physical body language has become less relevant. From a modern perspective, while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. To fully understand human interaction, we must observe the physical dimension: the eye contact, the posture, and the gestures employed during conversation. And compared to our increasingly digital communications where expressions can be hidden, in-person interaction still provides the richest, most immediate understanding of unspoken feelings. 1.How does the author start the passage? A. By quoting an expert’s opinion. B. By giving examples. C. By introducing a book. D. By representing research data. 2.What can we learn about the artworks in the text? A. The use of colors in paintings. B. Face expressions and body gestures. C. Family life in different countries. D. How technology changes communication. 3.Why does the author mention digital communication? A. To prove that body language is still important today. B. To explain why video calls are better than meeting in person. C. To show that body language is no longer useful. D. To complain about how people don’t talk face to face anymore. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The History of Digital Communication. B. Famous Artists and Their Masterpieces. C. How to Improve Your Body Language. D. Understanding People Through Art. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市三校联考·期中）The shortage of transplantable organs is a major global medical challenge, but a medical team from China seems to have found one of the most promising solutions to this problem. “Here, we report a case of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation (异种移植), in which a lung from a pig was transplanted into a 39-year-old brain-dead male human recipient following a brain haemorrhage (大出血),” the researchers wrote in a study published in the journal Nature Medicine. Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks. In the experimental surgery, the team transplanted the left lung of the gene-edited pig into a brain-dead man, while leaving his original right lung undamaged. Post-surgery monitoring showed the transplanted lung maintained gas exchange functions for up to nine days, without signs of immediate rejection or active infection. However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9. International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application. Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives. 1.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. The shortage of transplantable organs will soon be solved. B. A lung from a pig saved a brain-dead male human recipient. C. A Chinese medical team saved a man from brain haemorrhage. D. Special gene editing is necessary to reduce potential rejection risks. 2.Which statement about the lung transplant is true? A. It was a total failure and needed more research. B. It was the first case of organ xenotransplantation. C. Lung edema and rejection led to the ending of the experiment. D. The transplanted lung failed to exchange gas in the man’s body. 3.What is the attitude of international experts towards this experiment? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Objective. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Pigs are genetically similar to humans. B. Pigs are perfect for xenotransplantation. C. Xenotransplantation technology is of great importance. D. Xenotransplantation technology still has a long way to go. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西来宾市·期中）When a plant is pressed by something, it doesn’t keep quiet. You won’t hear the plant’s cry because it’s in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range — too high-pitched for human ears — but, for decades, scientists have been using special devices to listen. For the first time, a team of researchers has documented that insects can hear and interpret plants’ sound pain signals. The scientists wanted to know if these ultrasonic sounds were being picked up by insects, so they observed the Egyptian leafworm moth (蛾), which lays its eggs on plant leaves. When the scientists presented female moths with a choice between a dried-out tomato plant and a fresh one, the moths gathered to the fresh plant. The team wanted to understand whether the sounds from the dried-out plant were a factor in the moths’ selection. The researchers set an area consisting of two boxes. In one box, they played recordings of plants’ pain sounds, while the other box was silent. In the experiment, moths turned to the noisy box, and scientists theorize that it’s because the sounds suggested that they would find a living plant there. This preference vanished when the scientists deafened the moths, leading to the conclusion that moths were listening to the plants before they made their choices. In another experiment, the researchers again offered the female moths a selection of two tomato plants. This time, both plants were watered, but one was near a speaker playing ultrasonic stress sounds. The result was that almost all the moths picked the quieter plant. Together, these experiments told the researchers that the moths were listening to and recognizing sounds made by plants, and that they were using that acoustic (听觉的) information to make decisions about those plants for their reproduction. Plant acoustics is an area of growing interest for scientists, and primary work suggests that sound-making is widespread. Future research could investigate the use of acoustic monitoring to understand how stress affects plant health and could help with agricultural pest (害虫) control. 1.What can insects do according to the first paragraph? A. Talk with stressed plants. B. Help plants reduce stress. C. Understand plants’ sounds. D. produce ultrasonic signals. 2.What does the underlined word “vanished” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Strengthened. B. Disappeared. C. Continued. D. Unfolded. 3.What happened in the experiment with two watered plants? A. Moths avoided the plant near sounds. B. Moths made sounds near the speaker. C. Moths caused the plants to make sounds. D. Moths no longer chose plants through sounds. 4.What might future research focus on? A. How insects make sound signals. B. Why plants produce stress sounds. C. Plant sounds’ potential application in farming. D. Approaches of stopping plants to make sounds. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市十二县中学·期中）In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year. Diuk-Wasser had been tracking tick activity in New York City for years. “A similar phenomenon may be unfolding nearby in Queens and Brooklyn,” Diuk-Wasser says. According to Diuk-Wasser, these insects can live in any area that’s forested or contains leaf litter that provides ticks with the high humidity (湿度). Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests. But as farming declined in the US in the 1900s, areas near cities were reforested with city parks. And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums. Among all of them, the biggest factor that influences whether an urban tick community will become bigger is whether there’s a pathway for deer to enter. As long as deer visit, we will find ticks. Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow. At the same time, climate change is majorly impacting tick activity. Decades ago, ticks would die out as winter came, but warmer weather has extended tick season. The odds you’ll be exposed to an infected (带菌的) tick in a city park are the same as the chance you’ll run into one on a wooded hike. Roughly 20 to 30 percent of baby ticks are infected with the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, research shows. “You do see cases where people acquired Lyme disease from urban parks,” says Diuk-Wasser. “Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.” 1.What surprised Diuk-Wasser in Staten Island? A. Ticks failed to adapt to life there. B. Ticks expanded in great numbers. C. Ticks had escaped to nearby areas. D. Ticks were hiding under wood piles. 2.What made ticks decline in the 1800s? A. Changes of land use. B. Rising deer populations. C. Overuse of chemicals. D. Construction of city parks. 3.What does the underlined words “in tow” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Driven. B. Threatened. C. Following. D. Disappearing. 4.What are people advised to do in urban greenspaces? A. Stay away from wildlife animals. B. Plant trees to reduce tick numbers. C. Avoid entering greenspaces during winter. D. Wear protective clothing as when hiking. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Three Outstanding Figures Shaping the Modern World Numerous remarkable individuals have left deep footprints in the fields of science, public welfare and sports. The following three have not only achieved extraordinary personal accomplishments but also brought positive changes to the world. Yuan Longping (1930-2021) Known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to the research and development of hybrid rice technology. Born in Beijing, he witnessed the hardship caused by food shortages in his early years, which inspired him to pursue a career in agriculture. In the 1970s, he successfully developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice variety. Over the decades, his technologies have been promoted globally, helping increase rice production significantly. It is estimated that his research has fed tens of millions of people worldwide, making a great contribution to solving the global food security problem. Malala Yousafzai (1997 -) Malala, a Pakistani activist, has been a fearless advocate for girls’ right to education since her childhood. When the Taliban banned girls from going to school in her region, she courageously spoke out against this policy and even wrote blogs to share her experiences. In 2012, she was attacked by the Taliban for her efforts but never gave up. At the age of 17, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner for her unremitting work in promoting girls’ education. She has set up foundations and given speeches around the world to call on governments and societies to pay attention to girls’ education rights. Lionel Messi (1987 -) Regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time, Lionel Messi was born in Argentina. He suffered from a growth hormone deficiency in his childhood, which almost ended his football dream. However, with his outstanding talent and unwavering efforts, he overcame the physical obstacle. During his career, he has won multiple Ballon d’Or awards and led his teams to win numerous important championships, including the FIFA World Cup in 2022. Beyond the football field, he is also involved in charity work, donating money to children’s hospitals and poverty alleviation projects to help those in need. 1.What made Yuan Longping decide to engage in agricultural research? A. His interest in plant varieties. B. The food shortage he witnessed. C. The global food security crisis reports. D. His desire to win agricultural awards. 2.Why did Malala win the Nobel Peace Prize? A. She wrote influential blogs about her life. B. She fought bravely against the Taliban. C. She persisted in promoting girls’ education. D. She set up many foundations for poor children. 3.What do Messi’s and Malala’s experiences have in common? A. They both suffered from serious illnesses. B. They both achieved success through perseverance. C. They both won top awards in their fields. D. They both focused on charity after success. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）It is reported that rail industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1 ,000 station ticket offices in England. The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions( 交易) have moved online. Regardless of the outcome of the plan, the direction of travel is clear. In the name of modernization and cost-cutting, station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into memory. For those who have grown used to the advantages of organizing travel via a smartphone, there will be little to mourn( 哀悼). But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged. A recent report estimated that around 6% of households—1.5m homes—have no internet access. Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the internet. Most likely, as digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to everyday life, a significant minority risks being left behind. The shift online is unavoidable, but its fallout needs to be managed with more care. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, as anecdotal evidence suggests is increasingly the case. Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required. The debate over ticket offices offers an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the increasing role of technology in our social landscape. Clearly, much more needs to be invested in helping marginalized(边缘化的) groups gain easy online access. Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available. This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide. 1.What forces the rail industry to phase out paper train tickets? A. Costs of internet access. B. Closure of station ticket offices. C. Sharp decline of offline transactions. D. Government’s efforts to digitize the industry. 2.Which of the following might fall victim to the plan? A. Rural post offices. B. Irregular internet users. C. Unconfident households. D. High Street bank branches. 3.How does the author clarify his opinion in paragraph 3? A. By giving an example. B. By making a comparison. C. By citing research data. D. By offering statistical analysis. 4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Taking the digital divide fairly. B. Maintaining a diversity of service. C. Investing more in public transport. D. Slowing down the pace of modernization. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1.Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A. They are too expensive. B. They bring along fire risks. C. They speed up climate change. D. They are not cool any more. 2.How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By making a comparison. B. By analyzing causes and effects. C. By giving a definition. D. By referring to data from previous studies. 3.What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Reward. B. Attraction. C. Instance. D. Annoyance. 4.What will the author probably continue to talk about? A. The potential challenges drones will face. B. The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C. The importance of drones in promoting economy. D. The strong competition from companies in different industries. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm. The station named Nemo’s Garden consists of five biospheres(生物圈) fixed to the bottom of the sea off the coast of Savona, Italy. They’re being used to grow strawberries, beans, garlic, and lettuce. “The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming, including lack of fresh water, fertile soil, and extreme temperature changes,’’ said project spokesperson Luca Gamberini. The five biospheres, currently floating between depths of 18 and 36 feet, are constantly watched by Ocean Reef Group —— a diving equipment company——from a control center on dry land. According to various news reports, the plants are watered by drips of water on the inner walls of the biospheres. With a constant temperature of 79 degrees day and night, and humidity(湿度) at around 83 percent, the conditions are ideal for plants to grow well. The high amount of carbon dioxide also encourages growth. Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy. In his own words, he wanted to do something that’s different and to show the beauty of the ocean. After two years of failed attempts, they finally were able to get these five biospheres working. Their success may lay the foundation for a new form of crop production that can be done without harming the environment. In fact, the biosphere seems to be attracting wildlife. Octopuses(章鱼) and endangered seahorses are taking shelter under the structure, while crabs(螃蟹) are climbing up the anchors and into the greenhouses. None of the creatures have damaged the plants so far. “It’s so kind of science-fiction to see these two different forms of life interact,” Gamberini said. 1.Why was the underwater farm created? A. To help explore the sea. B. To protect sea creatures. C. To improve the sea environment D. To find a new way of growing crops. 2.Sergio Gamberini got the idea of growing plants underwater _______. A. by chance B. from science fiction C. after reading a news report D. after two years of failed attempts 3.The last paragraph is written mainly to tell us that _____. A. the plants in the biosphere is protected B. the biosphere is environmentally friendly C. sea creatures may do harm to the biosphere D. sea creatures like the plants in the biosphere 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The undersea exploration. B. Growing plants without soil. C. A biosphere that attracts wildlife. D. The world’s first underwater farm. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）Women usually live longer than men, but they also get sick more often. New research from the University of Georgia shows that eating a good diet with lots of colorful fruits and vegetables can help women stay healthier. These foods have something called carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are good for our eyes and brains. The study looked at many past studies and found that women get more health problems than men. These problems include diseases where the body fights itself and memory loss. Women are more likely to get these diseases because of their biology. “Women have more body fat than men, which is good for having babies, but it also means they need to eat more healthy things to stay well,” said Hammond, a researcher. Why are women more vulnerable (脆弱的) to health problems? One reason is how they store vitamins (维生素) and minerals. Women’s bodies keep more fat, and fat can hold these important nutrients (营养物). This is helpful when they are having babies, but it also means there might not be enough for their eyes and brains. Eating foods with carotenoids is important because they help protect our bodies from damage. Some carotenoids are found in parts of our eyes and brains and can help with problems in the nervous system. “Both men and women eat these foods, but women need more because their bodies use them up faster,” said Hammond. The food we eat can affect our brains and how we feel. It can even change our feelings and how likely we are to get angry. Now, scientists are learning that the food we eat also affects the bacteria (细菌) in our stomachs, which are important to our health too. 1.What does the study suggest about carotenoids? A. They are only beneficial to men. B. They are not necessary for a healthy diet. C. They are good for women’s eyes and brains. D. They have no effect on the central nervous system. 2.What is one of the reasons women may need a better diet? A. Women need less food than men. B. Women’s diets are short of carbohydrates. C. Women need more vitamins to support their body fat. D. Women have a higher risk of developing health problems. 3.What is the connection between diet and the bacteria in our stomachs? A. Certain bacteria can only be found in women’s stomachs. B. The bacteria in our stomachs have nothing to do with our health. C. The bacteria in our stomachs determine our food preferences. D. The food we eat affects the bacteria in our stomachs. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why do women live longer than men? B. Why do women lose more memory? C. Women may have a higher risk of mental illness D. Diets with more carotenoids can help women stay healthier Passage 4 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）Glass might soon meet a surprising competitor: bamboo. Scientists in China have transformed regular bamboo into a see-through material that keeps out fire and water and reduces smoke, providing an environmentally friendly replacement for traditional glass made from sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. Clear wood, made by removing a natural substance called lignin (木质素) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a good renewable option. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat out. However, its tendency to catch fire and the slow growth rate of trees make it hard to produce in large amounts: To solve this, researchers at Central South University of Forestry and Technology focused on bamboo, which grows fully in 4-7 years and produces four times more material per farm area compared to trees. The team applied the methods developed for making wood see-through to bamboo, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by removing linger, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blocking treatment created three layers: a protective outer coating, a middle layer of silicon dioxide (a common glass ingredient), and a base layer of sodium silicate. The final material showed impressive strength, outshining many common plastics. Importantly, the clear bamboo showed special fire safety features. Unlike wood-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blocked water, and stopped dangerous smoke and gases from spreading — key benefits for building use. When tested as a base for advanced solar cells, it helped control light better, increasing energy production by 15.29%. This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amounts still needs work, this discovery supports environmental goals. 1.Which of the following is one of the reasons for researchers to replace the current widely used glass? A. It’s not clear enough. B. It harms the environment. C. Its cost is too high. D. It catches fair easily. 2.What features of bamboo makes it a suitable choice for making clear glass? A. Its lighter weight. B. Its clearness. C. Its tall height. D. Its high yield. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The production process of the new material. B. The superb advantages of the new material. C. The outstanding features of bamboo. D. The biological construction of bamboo. 4.What can be inferred about the clear bamboo from the last paragraph? A. It has a bright future in smart buildings. B. It has been produced in large amounts. C. It may serve as a kind of clean energy. D. It can clear off the poisonous smoke. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too tough and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Huey Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾 ) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach for treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 1.What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A. Creative. B. Easy. C. Traditional. D. Challenging. 2.Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A. She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B. She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C. She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D. She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of the drug testing. B. The application of YIV-906. C. Effects of the clinical trial. D. The effectiveness of YIV-906. 4.Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A. To demonstrate the value of botanical drugs. B. To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C. To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D. To highlight its success in medicine development. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1.What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A. They enjoy teasing others. B. They often fight in groups. C. They seek adult protection. D. They learn from human kids. 2.What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Wag. B. Smile. C. Nod. D. Shout. 3.Why might animals show humor? A. To improve social status. B. To strengthen social bonds. C. To win in complex conflicts. D. To get much more pleasure. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Animal Social Behaviors B. Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C. Animals Play Tricks Too D. Why Animals Understand Humor? Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and observe how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks (父系风险). However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge highlights that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as fragile, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less notable birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to preservation resources being unequally distributed to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By cooperating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more thorough image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future preservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 1.What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A. Heavily relying on large databases. B. Ignoring short-distance migrations. C. Primarily tracking larger bird species. D. Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 2.What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A. Inaccurate public sightings. B. Expensive tracking devices. C. Lack of preservation funding. D. Limitations of tracking technology. 3.What is the researchers’ concern about preservation resources? A. Desperate shortage in popular routes. B. Uneven distribution to certain species. C. Rare accessibility to larger bird species. D. Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats. 4.How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A. Limit resources to high-profile species. B. Launch new programs for endangered species. C. Boost tracking methods for striking bird species. D. Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Kyoto’s cherry blossoms — or sakura (樱花) — draw crowds from across the world. But this year the flowers bloomed (开花) nearly two weeks in advance. Global warming, largely driven by fossil fuel (化石燃料), stimulated (刺激) temperatures so high in 2023 that it became the hottest year in history. Warmer springs causing earlier blooms is an event in nature not just related to Kyoto’s famous sakuras, but something scientists are also observing elsewhere — including in Washington D. C. Although flowering times vary annually, the long-term trend shows earlier blooming in D. C. “In D. C., the advance in blooming is probably consistent with, but not scientifically credited to, human-caused climate change,” said Gonzalez, a climate change scientist. Other possible causal influences include the urban heat island effect, he noted. That’s where the research in Kyoto is critical. The city’s sakura records go back more than 1,200 years. In 2020, 2021, and 2023, Kyoto’s sakura saw record-early blooms. A 2022 study found that human-caused climate change is the primary reason, pushing that season forward by roughly 11 days. The early beginning of spring and following cherry tree blooms can result in some serious problems that include blossoms mismatching with their pollinators (授粉者). And if winter continues to warm faster than summer in much of the U. S., the amount of exposure to cold weather that a tree requires in its winter period may not be met — resulting in some trees failing to flower at all in the spring. Peak bloom date may be advanced in the future. But the end result of not having any blossoms, if there’s no winter, may happen sooner than we think. Not only are cherry trees a tool for scientists to understand changing temperatures, but the trees’ flowering also represents a “very visible” historical and cultural symbol for people to celebrate the beginning of spring. For those who haven’t had the opportunity to wander under a line of blooming cherry blossom trees, Gonzalez says the experience is similar to “walking through a church.” 1.What do we know about the earlier blooming in D. C.? A. It is likely to cause global warming. B. It leads to urban heat island effect. C. It probably dues to climate change. D. It has proved scientific in some way. 2.What is a possible consequence of earlier blooming? A. The cherry trees will disappear completely. B. Winters will become warmer than summers. C. Pollinators may not match with blossoms. D. Spring will arrive later than before. 3.Why are cherry blossoms important? A. They bring people spiritual comfort. B. They help scientists study climate change. C. They prevent natural disasters. D. They are beautiful to look at. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Cherry Trees Bloom Unusually. B. Scientists Predict Cherry Trees’ Bloom Timing. C. This Year’s Early Cherry Blossom: A Warning Sign. D. Early Cherry Blossom Peak: A Natural Wonder. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation. A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to undertake new activities such as further education, a new career or a long ignored passion. Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined in high­income countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild or moderate disability over the same period. If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. 1.What does the author want to tell in the first paragraph? A. The whole world is faced with the problem of ageing. B. Some countries witness people live longer than before. C. China has the highest rate of ageing population at present. D. By 2050, over half of the world’s population is ageing. 2.What is the most important for the ageing society? A. The attitude of the older to life. B. The contributions the older make. C. The health of the older people. D. The activities the older take part in. 3.What is the author’s attitude to the ageing world? A. Concerned. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Astonished. 4.What’s the author’s statement about ageing based on? A. His own opinion. B. Some data. C. Causes and effects. D. Comparisons. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.” Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother. Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.” My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. 1.Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu? A. Diverse. B. Busy. C. Risky. D. Tough. 2.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2? A. I just introduced my family by mistake. B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family. C. I gave false information about my family. D. I couldn’t help introducing my family. 3.What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about? A. Durrell’s rich imagination. B. Some interesting plots of the book. C. The book’s writing feature. D. Some vivid descriptions of the island. 4.What is the purpose of this text? A. To share an experience. B. To introduce a writing style. C. To recommend a book. D. To describe an unusual place. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）“Army ants are very aggressive,” says Isabella Muratore at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. But what’s even more remarkable about them is their architectural expertise. Muratore has been studying how army ants build bridges by linking their bodies, which could give scientists insights into controlling groups of robots. Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long foraging (觅食) lines. When they encounter obstacles — like a gap between leaves or branches — they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. “The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them,” Muratore said. “Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to cross something that they otherwise couldn’t.” But building bridges comes at a cost to the group: the ants occupied with supporting the bridge aren’t available to hunt. Despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said. She found that the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the smallest number of bodies. “Just like people, we don’t just build one bridge, we have to decide: ‘How is this whole road going to look like across many different obstacles?’” says David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He says this type of research is shedding new light on the collective intelligence of army ants. He compares the individual ants to “neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain”, with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. The collective decision-making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied swarm behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling (自组装的) robots. “It was the grand challenge of robotics for a long time to take a bucket of robot parts and dump it out and have that robot be able to piece itself together and solve sort of bigger problems,” Hu said. “Ants are kind of existence proof that such a robot would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world. Ants are really capable of solving these things with really, really little brain power.” 1.Why does Muratore study army ants’ act of bridge-building? A. To design advanced robots. B. To learn about conducting robots. C. To know their architectural skills. D. To understand their behavioral pattern. 2.What can be inferred about the ants’ building a bridge? A. Its building process is time-consuming. B. It depends on the strongest ants’ efforts. C. Its cost outweighs its benefits. D. It makes foraging more efficient. 3.What does the underlined phrase “shedding new light on” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Praising. B. Challenging. C. Revealing. D. Tracking. 4.What does Hu intend to explain in the last paragraph? A. The need to learn from army ants. B. The challenges in designing robots. C. The comparison between ants and robots. D. The problems to be addressed by future robots. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市高级中学·期中）In contrast to the brightly coloured species of birds, most of mammals are browns and grays, but with a small number of exceptions, of which the most famous is the giant panda. We’ve had some initial assumption about why they had their markings, but we need to confirm the reason for its mysterious pattern. Viewed up close in a zoo, the giant panda is a strikingly notable mix of a white bear with black shoulders and legs, and an extraordinary face with black fur around the eyes and ears. By comparing with other carnivores (食肉动物), we learned that carnivores with white backs are found in snowy environments, and those with dark legs and shoulders are found in shady habitats. This suggested that the fur was an adaptation to be self-protective in different environments. Nowadays, giant pandas are kept inside in forests in western China, where they live on their own and there are relatively few predators (捕食者). We are to confirm that the sort of self-protection is effective against giant pandas’ former predators from the days when they ranged right across China into Vietnam. By comparing the amount of light reflected from the giant panda’s fur with natural objects in the background, it’s clear that their black fur patches (斑纹) match dark shades and tree trunks, whereas their white patches match bright leaves and snow. Also, pale brown, or muddy fur matches the color of the ground. This provides a medium color which bridges the gap between the very dark and very light visual elements in the natural habitat. Besides, a second form of self-protection lies in something termed disorderly colors and patterns-in which highly visible patches break up its outline by mixing with patches in the background. Giant pandas show this form of defensive outline, especially at longer viewing distances of at least 60 meters away. At these distances, the giant panda becomes hardly identifiable as the black fur patches go with the background, dark rocks and tree trunks. Although giant pandas in zoos are highly notable to us, it is because we see them up close and surrounded by artificial backgrounds. But when in the wild and at a distance, our research shows that they are beautifully protective to avoid detection. 1.How are giant pandas different from most mammals? A. They have exceptional colors and patterns B. They are more brightly colored. C. They are marked with browns and grays. D. Their dark legs match snowy environments. 2.What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A. To explain the reason for pandas living in the wild. B. To compare the differences of pandas’ body parts in color. C. To confirm pandas’ color connection to the habitat. D. To conclude the relationship between light and pandas’ colors. 3.What can we infer about giant pandas from the last two paragraphs? A. They look darker in the artificial background. B. Their patterns are determined by their backgrounds. C. The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance. D. They are more beautifully-colored in the wild than in the zoo. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research on giant pandas’ fur patterns? A. Favourable. B. Objective. C. Confused. D. Skeptical. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4B 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.C 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.B 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.D Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.A 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.A 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.C 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.B 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.C 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4A Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.B 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1.What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A. Effective. B. Efficient. C. Challenging. D. Consuming. 2.What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A. Variations in power costs. B. Growth stages of the crops. C. Outdoor lighting conditions. D. Changing electricity supplies. 3.What did researchers find about indoor crops? A. They grow better under fixed lighting. B. They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C. They react similarly to varying light patterns. D. They output more under dynamic lighting. 4.What may Marcelis agree with? A. The new program helps save on electricity bills. B. There are still some limitations in the research. C. Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D. Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了垂直农业的相关信息，包括其优缺点、开发智能照明计算机程序以解决能源成本问题，以及室内作物对不同照明条件的反应研究结果。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive(但这种垂直农业技术也是能量intensive且成本高昂)”可知，intensive与expensive并列，描述垂直农业的缺点，结合选项可知，Consuming(消耗量大的)可与expensive并列，说明垂直农业的缺点。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.(该计算机程序会根据不断变化的电费，每小时调整生长灯的亮度)”可知，生长灯亮度的调整受电费变化影响。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.(一组植物在高强度 - 低强度交替的灯光下生长，另一组则在早晨明亮、下午昏暗的灯光下生长。有趣的是，这两种条件下长出的叶子和成熟后的重量，与在标准固定灯光下生长的植物相似)”可知，室内作物对不同灯光模式的反应相似。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.(马塞尔斯说，需要继续研究在更大范围内测试动态照明，因为研究是在单株水平上进行的，而不是在整个作物群体水平上进行的。他还警告说，不要指望动态照明对垂直农业有立竿见影的好处。在垂直农业能够帮助养活世界之前，还有其他关键问题有待解决)”可知，Marcelis认为该研究仍存在局限性。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）Copenhagen is a beautiful city of Denmark that attracts a lot of tourists, especially during the summer. Though tourism is great for the economy, it is also bad for the environment. Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. This project is called CopenPay, whose purpose is to help reduce the environmental costs of tourism. The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act in an eco-friendlier way according to the Wonderful Copenhagen website. Though it is trust- based, some places may ask you to show a photo of you doing a green activity or a train ticket. Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. 1.How can you get free food as a visitor to Copenhagen? A. By sharing a car. B. By taking a bus to travel. C. By helping old people. D. By taking care of wild animals. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning Rikke Holm Petersen? A. The difficulty of the project. B. The success in the project. C. The reason for the project. D. The guess at the project. 3.What do we know about eco-friendly actions in Copenhagen? A. They are praised on websites. B. They take place mostly in museums. C. They get rewarded in different ways. D. They want to show Danish culture. 4.What is the importance of CopenPay according to the text? A. Changing the local environment greatly. B. Making tourists think highly of Copenhagen. C. Helping get more money from local tourism. D. Developing people’s environmental understanding. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了哥本哈根市为了减少旅游业对环境的影响而推出的一项环保计划。文章详细说明了这一项目的背景、目的、参与方式以及具体奖励措施等内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. (现在，参与绿色活动的游客，如捡垃圾、乘坐公共交通工具或骑自行车在城市周围，都可以得到食物和活动的奖励。)”可知，游客可以通过乘坐公共交通工具获得免费的食物。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” (虽然最大的环境成本是到哥本哈根的交通，特别是如果你坐飞机或开车，但旅游局的通讯主管Rikke Holm Petersen说：“我们可以改变的一件事是让人们在目的地以更环保的方式行事。”)”可知，提到Rikke Holm Petersen是为了说明该项目的项目的原因——鼓励人们在旅行目的地进行更加环保的行为。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第四段“There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. (据《福布斯》报道，该计划目前有24个成员，其中包括博物馆。餐厅和城市体验供游客参与。虽然有几个地方为乘坐公共交通工具提供免费的冰淇淋或咖啡，但还有其他与丹麦文化有关的体验。带着塑料垃圾去国家美术馆的游客可以参加一个工作坊，把垃圾变成一件艺术品。)”和第五段“Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. (游客可以免费在布利森博物馆帮助照顾花园。如果你步行或骑自行车去，可以免费参观西斯特纳的地下艺术大厅。在城市农场做志愿者还可以得到一份免费午餐。)”等，可以看出环保行动在哥本哈根得到了多种形式的奖励。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. (虽然这些活动都不会对环境产生巨大影响，但它会改变人们的想法，这可能是游客从度假中带回家的最重要的东西。)”可以推断，该项目的重要性在于它能够培养人们的环保意识。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市高级中学·期中）Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. In these artistic representations of non-verbal communication, we recognize universal human experiences that cross cultural and historical boundaries. In this “visual guide to body language”, artworks are carefully selected and arranged to highlight connections across different periods and societies. We observe scenes of people interacting in various social situations — from formal handshakes in business settings to intimate embraces between loved ones. Individuals are portrayed in numerous positions — leaning forward in interest, crossing arms in defense, or nodding in agreement. Though these artworks might have been created centuries apart, they capture moments of human interaction that remain familiar to us all. Body language in artworks often serves to reveal the inner world of the subjects — their confidence, anxiety, or social status. Before the scientific study of non-verbal communication, artists intuitively (凭直觉地) understood and captured these subtle signals in their works. In contemporary art, as our understanding of body language has deepened, artists have become more intentional in using gestures and postures as primary elements in their creations — making body language itself the subject matter of their works. Some might assume that in our digital age of video calls and virtual meetings, the study of physical body language has become less relevant. From a modern perspective, while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. To fully understand human interaction, we must observe the physical dimension: the eye contact, the posture, and the gestures employed during conversation. And compared to our increasingly digital communications where expressions can be hidden, in-person interaction still provides the richest, most immediate understanding of unspoken feelings. 1.How does the author start the passage? A. By quoting an expert’s opinion. B. By giving examples. C. By introducing a book. D. By representing research data. 2.What can we learn about the artworks in the text? A. The use of colors in paintings. B. Face expressions and body gestures. C. Family life in different countries. D. How technology changes communication. 3.Why does the author mention digital communication? A. To prove that body language is still important today. B. To explain why video calls are better than meeting in person. C. To show that body language is no longer useful. D. To complain about how people don’t talk face to face anymore. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The History of Digital Communication. B. Famous Artists and Their Masterpieces. C. How to Improve Your Body Language. D. Understanding People Through Art. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《肢体语言：无声的对话》这本书的内容、目的以及艺术作品中身体语言的表现和意义。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. (《肢体语言：无声的对话》是一本引人入胜的书，探索了我们都在说的无声语言——来自世界各地画廊的200多件艺术品中所呈现的手势、姿势和表情。该作品旨在通过对不同文化的肢体语言的艺术描绘，使日常读者能够理解人类的行为)”可知，作者通过介绍介绍一本书来开始这篇文章。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide.(《肢体语言：无声的对话》是一本引人入胜的书，探索了我们都在说的无声语言——来自世界各地画廊的200多件艺术品中所呈现的手势、姿势和表情)”及第二段中“Individuals are portrayed in numerous positions — leaning forward in interest, crossing arms in defense, or nodding in agreement.(人们被描绘出多种姿态——因感兴趣而身体前倾、抱臂以示防备，或是点头表示赞同)”可知，我们能从文中了解到艺术品中的面部表情和身体姿势。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some might assume that in our digital age of video calls and virtual meetings, the study of physical body language has become less relevant. From a modern perspective, while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. To fully understand human interaction, we must observe the physical dimension: the eye contact, the posture, and the gestures employed during conversation. And compared to our increasingly digital communications where expressions can be hidden, in-person interaction still provides the richest, most immediate understanding of unspoken feelings.(有些人可能会认为，在我们这个视频通话和虚拟会议的数字时代，身体语言的研究已经变得不那么重要了。从现代的角度来看，虽然科技改变了我们的交流方式，但非语言交流仍然和任何表情符号或数字反应一样重要。为了充分理解人类的互动，我们必须观察身体的维度：眼神交流、姿势和谈话中使用的手势。与我们日益增长的数字交流相比，我们的表情可以隐藏起来，面对面的互动仍然提供了对未说出口的情感最丰富、最直接的理解)”可推知，作者提到数字通信是为了证明肢体语言在今天仍然很重要。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak—the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. (《肢体语言：无声的对话》是一本引人入胜的书，探索了我们都在说的无声语言——来自世界各地画廊的200多件艺术品中所呈现的手势、姿势和表情。该作品旨在通过对不同文化的肢体语言的艺术描绘，使日常读者能够理解人类的行为)”以及纵观全文可知，文章通篇围绕通过艺术作品来理解和解读人类身体语言这一主题展开，所以D项“Understanding People Through Art.(通过艺术了解人)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市三校联考·期中）The shortage of transplantable organs is a major global medical challenge, but a medical team from China seems to have found one of the most promising solutions to this problem. “Here, we report a case of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation (异种移植), in which a lung from a pig was transplanted into a 39-year-old brain-dead male human recipient following a brain haemorrhage (大出血),” the researchers wrote in a study published in the journal Nature Medicine. Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks. In the experimental surgery, the team transplanted the left lung of the gene-edited pig into a brain-dead man, while leaving his original right lung undamaged. Post-surgery monitoring showed the transplanted lung maintained gas exchange functions for up to nine days, without signs of immediate rejection or active infection. However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9. International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application. Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives. 1.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. The shortage of transplantable organs will soon be solved. B. A lung from a pig saved a brain-dead male human recipient. C. A Chinese medical team saved a man from brain haemorrhage. D. Special gene editing is necessary to reduce potential rejection risks. 2.Which statement about the lung transplant is true? A. It was a total failure and needed more research. B. It was the first case of organ xenotransplantation. C. Lung edema and rejection led to the ending of the experiment. D. The transplanted lung failed to exchange gas in the man’s body. 3.What is the attitude of international experts towards this experiment? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Objective. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Pigs are genetically similar to humans. B. Pigs are perfect for xenotransplantation. C. Xenotransplantation technology is of great importance. D. Xenotransplantation technology still has a long way to go. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国医疗团队进行猪肺异种移植实验及该技术意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks.(在手术前，科学家们编辑了猪的六个基因，以去除可能引发人类严重免疫反应的蛋白质，从而降低排斥风险。)”可知，特殊的基因编辑对于降低潜在的排斥风险是必要的。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9.(然而，出现了并发症：24小时内观察到肺水肿，第6天出现抗体介导的排斥反应，导致实验在第9天结束。)”可知，肺水肿和排斥反应导致实验结束。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段“International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application.(国际专家称赞这一成就是解决全球肺供体短缺问题的一个“里程碑”，尽管他们指出，在临床应用之前，还需要进一步研究以改进基因编辑和免疫抑制疗法。)”可知，专家既肯定了成果，又指出了不足，态度客观。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives.(异种移植技术具有重要意义。以猪作为异种移植的供体为例，猪的器官在组织结构和生理功能上与人类器官相似。同时，猪与人类的遗传关系相对较远，这降低了传播人兽共患病的风险。此外，猪具有繁殖成本低、品种丰富、繁殖能力强等优点，是异种移植的理想候选供体。如果这项技术能够成功开发并广泛应用，将有效缓解全球器官供体严重短缺的问题，为大量等待器官移植的患者带来新的希望，让他们有机会重获新生。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了异种移植技术的重要性。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西来宾市·期中）When a plant is pressed by something, it doesn’t keep quiet. You won’t hear the plant’s cry because it’s in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range — too high-pitched for human ears — but, for decades, scientists have been using special devices to listen. For the first time, a team of researchers has documented that insects can hear and interpret plants’ sound pain signals. The scientists wanted to know if these ultrasonic sounds were being picked up by insects, so they observed the Egyptian leafworm moth (蛾), which lays its eggs on plant leaves. When the scientists presented female moths with a choice between a dried-out tomato plant and a fresh one, the moths gathered to the fresh plant. The team wanted to understand whether the sounds from the dried-out plant were a factor in the moths’ selection. The researchers set an area consisting of two boxes. In one box, they played recordings of plants’ pain sounds, while the other box was silent. In the experiment, moths turned to the noisy box, and scientists theorize that it’s because the sounds suggested that they would find a living plant there. This preference vanished when the scientists deafened the moths, leading to the conclusion that moths were listening to the plants before they made their choices. In another experiment, the researchers again offered the female moths a selection of two tomato plants. This time, both plants were watered, but one was near a speaker playing ultrasonic stress sounds. The result was that almost all the moths picked the quieter plant. Together, these experiments told the researchers that the moths were listening to and recognizing sounds made by plants, and that they were using that acoustic (听觉的) information to make decisions about those plants for their reproduction. Plant acoustics is an area of growing interest for scientists, and primary work suggests that sound-making is widespread. Future research could investigate the use of acoustic monitoring to understand how stress affects plant health and could help with agricultural pest (害虫) control. 1.What can insects do according to the first paragraph? A. Talk with stressed plants. B. Help plants reduce stress. C. Understand plants’ sounds. D. produce ultrasonic signals. 2.What does the underlined word “vanished” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Strengthened. B. Disappeared. C. Continued. D. Unfolded. 3.What happened in the experiment with two watered plants? A. Moths avoided the plant near sounds. B. Moths made sounds near the speaker. C. Moths caused the plants to make sounds. D. Moths no longer chose plants through sounds. 4.What might future research focus on? A. How insects make sound signals. B. Why plants produce stress sounds. C. Plant sounds’ potential application in farming. D. Approaches of stopping plants to make sounds. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。研究首次证实昆虫（如蛾类）能听见并解读植物受压时的超声波信号，还会据此选择产卵植物，未来研究或应用于农业病虫害防治等领域。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“For the first time, a team of researchers has documented that insects can hear and interpret plants’ sound pain signals.(首次有研究团队证实，昆虫能够听到并解读植物发出的“疼痛”信号)”可知，昆虫能够了解植物发出的声音。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The researchers set an area consisting of two boxes. In one box, they played recordings of plants’ pain sounds, while the other box was silent. In the experiment, moths turned to the noisy box, and scientists theorize that it’s because the sounds suggested that they would find a living plant there.(研究人员设置了一个由两个盒子组成的区域。在一个盒子里，他们播放了植物疼痛时发出的声音录音，而另一个盒子里则是静音状态。在实验中，飞蛾都趋向于选择有声音的那一个盒子，科学家们推测这是因为这些声音暗示着它们会在那里找到活着的植物)”以及后文“when the scientists deafened the moths, leading to the conclusion that moths were listening to the plants before they made their choices(当科学家们将飞蛾弄聋后，得出的结论是：飞蛾在做出选择之前是会倾听植物发出的声音的)”可知，前文说飞蛾会倾向有植物痛苦声音的盒子，后文说“当飞蛾被弄聋后，这种偏好就消失了”，由此可推断“vanished”意为“消失”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“In another experiment, the researchers again offered the female moths a selection of two tomato plants. This time, both plants were watered, but one was near a speaker playing ultrasonic stress sounds. The result was that almost all the moths picked the quieter plant.(在另一项实验中，研究人员再次为雌性飞蛾提供了两种番茄植株供其选择。这一次，两株植株都得到了浇水处理，但其中一株靠近一个播放超声波压力声的扬声器。结果是，几乎所有的蛾子都选择了较安静的那株植株)”可知，在关于两株浇水过的植物的实验中，飞蛾会避开发出声音的那株植物。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Future research could investigate the use of acoustic monitoring to understand how stress affects plant health and could help with agricultural pest (害虫) control.(未来的研究可以探索利用声学监测技术来了解压力如何影响植物的健康状况，并且这或许有助于实现农业害虫的防治工作)”可知，未来的研究可能会关注植物声音在农业中的潜在应用。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市十二县中学·期中）In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year. Diuk-Wasser had been tracking tick activity in New York City for years. “A similar phenomenon may be unfolding nearby in Queens and Brooklyn,” Diuk-Wasser says. According to Diuk-Wasser, these insects can live in any area that’s forested or contains leaf litter that provides ticks with the high humidity (湿度). Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests. But as farming declined in the US in the 1900s, areas near cities were reforested with city parks. And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums. Among all of them, the biggest factor that influences whether an urban tick community will become bigger is whether there’s a pathway for deer to enter. As long as deer visit, we will find ticks. Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow. At the same time, climate change is majorly impacting tick activity. Decades ago, ticks would die out as winter came, but warmer weather has extended tick season. The odds you’ll be exposed to an infected (带菌的) tick in a city park are the same as the chance you’ll run into one on a wooded hike. Roughly 20 to 30 percent of baby ticks are infected with the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, research shows. “You do see cases where people acquired Lyme disease from urban parks,” says Diuk-Wasser. “Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.” 1.What surprised Diuk-Wasser in Staten Island? A. Ticks failed to adapt to life there. B. Ticks expanded in great numbers. C. Ticks had escaped to nearby areas. D. Ticks were hiding under wood piles. 2.What made ticks decline in the 1800s? A. Changes of land use. B. Rising deer populations. C. Overuse of chemicals. D. Construction of city parks. 3.What does the underlined words “in tow” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Driven. B. Threatened. C. Following. D. Disappearing. 4.What are people advised to do in urban greenspaces? A. Stay away from wildlife animals. B. Plant trees to reduce tick numbers. C. Avoid entering greenspaces during winter. D. Wear protective clothing as when hiking. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约市蜱虫数量增加的现象，探讨了其背后的原因(城市绿化、野生动物回归、气候变化)，并给出了在城市绿地中应如何防护的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“In the parks and backyards of Staten Island, disease ecologist Maria Diuk-Wasser was surprised by what she saw. Ticks (蜱) — and lots of them — nestled in wood piles, between leaves, and underneath bird feeders. They are more than she found in the previous year.(在史坦顿岛的公园和后院，疾病生态学家玛丽亚·迪乌克-瓦塞尔对她所看到的景象感到惊讶。蜱虫——而且数量很多——蜷缩在木堆里、树叶之间和喂鸟器下面。它们的数量比她去年发现的还要多)”可知，让Diuk-Wasser感到惊讶的是，她看到了大量的蜱虫，而且数量比去年更多。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ticks long occupied the land where cities now stand, but were displaced in the 1800s as forests were cut down for agricultural purposes and forced to go wherever there were forests.(蜱虫曾长期占据如今城市所在的地方，但在19世纪，由于森林被砍伐用于农业目的，它们被迫离开，迁移到任何有森林的地方)”可知，19世纪蜱虫减少是因为土地用途的改变(砍伐森林用于农业)。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。第三段划线词上文“And ticks have moved into these parks by hitchhiking (搭便车) on the backs of other animals. Ticks can exist wherever there are hosts — whether that be raccoons, mice, birds, squirrels, or possums.(蜱虫通过依附在其他动物的背上，已经“搭便车”进入了这些公园。只要有宿主——无论是浣熊、老鼠、鸟类、松鼠还是负鼠——蜱虫就能生存)”提到蜱虫可以依附在其他动物身上搭便车。根据划线词所在句“Following the cities’ reforestation, wildlife — including deer and white-legged mice — returned, ticks in tow.(随着城市的重新绿化，野生动物——包括鹿和白足鼠——回归了，蜱虫in tow)” 可知，城市重新绿化，野生动物回归，所以，在其他动物身上搭便车的蜱虫群落也随之而来，跟着回归了。因此，划线短语“in tow”指“跟随着、随之而来”，与C项“Following”意思相近。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, you should protect yourself in certain urban greenspaces the same way you are hiking or camping in the wild.(因此，在某些城市绿地中，你应该像在野外徒步或露营一样保护自己)”可知，建议人们在城市绿地中采取与野外徒步时相同的防护措施，如穿着防护服装等。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Three Outstanding Figures Shaping the Modern World Numerous remarkable individuals have left deep footprints in the fields of science, public welfare and sports. The following three have not only achieved extraordinary personal accomplishments but also brought positive changes to the world. Yuan Longping (1930-2021) Known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to the research and development of hybrid rice technology. Born in Beijing, he witnessed the hardship caused by food shortages in his early years, which inspired him to pursue a career in agriculture. In the 1970s, he successfully developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice variety. Over the decades, his technologies have been promoted globally, helping increase rice production significantly. It is estimated that his research has fed tens of millions of people worldwide, making a great contribution to solving the global food security problem. Malala Yousafzai (1997 -) Malala, a Pakistani activist, has been a fearless advocate for girls’ right to education since her childhood. When the Taliban banned girls from going to school in her region, she courageously spoke out against this policy and even wrote blogs to share her experiences. In 2012, she was attacked by the Taliban for her efforts but never gave up. At the age of 17, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner for her unremitting work in promoting girls’ education. She has set up foundations and given speeches around the world to call on governments and societies to pay attention to girls’ education rights. Lionel Messi (1987 -) Regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time, Lionel Messi was born in Argentina. He suffered from a growth hormone deficiency in his childhood, which almost ended his football dream. However, with his outstanding talent and unwavering efforts, he overcame the physical obstacle. During his career, he has won multiple Ballon d’Or awards and led his teams to win numerous important championships, including the FIFA World Cup in 2022. Beyond the football field, he is also involved in charity work, donating money to children’s hospitals and poverty alleviation projects to help those in need. 1.What made Yuan Longping decide to engage in agricultural research? A. His interest in plant varieties. B. The food shortage he witnessed. C. The global food security crisis reports. D. His desire to win agricultural awards. 2.Why did Malala win the Nobel Peace Prize? A. She wrote influential blogs about her life. B. She fought bravely against the Taliban. C. She persisted in promoting girls’ education. D. She set up many foundations for poor children. 3.What do Messi’s and Malala’s experiences have in common? A. They both suffered from serious illnesses. B. They both achieved success through perseverance. C. They both won top awards in their fields. D. They both focused on charity after success. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是三位对现代世界产生深远影响的杰出人物的相关情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Yuan Longping (1930-2021)部分“Born in Beijing, he witnessed the hardship caused by food shortages in his early years, which inspired him to pursue a career in agriculture.(他出生在北京，早年目睹了粮食短缺带来的困难，这促使他从事农业事业)”可知，目睹了粮食短缺使袁隆平决定从事农业研究。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Malala Yousafzai (1997 -)部分“At the age of 17, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner for her unremitting work in promoting girls’ education.(17岁时，她因在促进女童教育方面的不懈努力而成为最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖得主)”可知，Malala会获得诺贝尔和平奖是因为她坚持提倡女童教育。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Lionel Messi (1987 -)部分“However, with his outstanding talent and unwavering efforts, he overcame the physical obstacle. During his career, he has won multiple Ballon d’ Or awards and led his teams to win numerous important championships, including the FIFA World Cup in 2022.(然而，凭借他杰出的天赋和不懈的努力，他克服了身体上的障碍。在他的职业生涯中，他赢得了多个金球奖，并带领他的球队赢得了许多重要的冠军，包括2022年的FIFA世界杯)”和Malala Yousafzai (1997 -)部分“At the age of 17, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner for her unremitting work in promoting girls’ education.(17岁时，她因在促进女童教育方面的不懈努力而成为最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖得主)”可知，Messi和Malala的经历的共同点是都通过坚持不懈取得了成功。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）It is reported that rail industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1 ,000 station ticket offices in England. The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions( 交易) have moved online. Regardless of the outcome of the plan, the direction of travel is clear. In the name of modernization and cost-cutting, station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into memory. For those who have grown used to the advantages of organizing travel via a smartphone, there will be little to mourn( 哀悼). But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged. A recent report estimated that around 6% of households—1.5m homes—have no internet access. Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the internet. Most likely, as digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to everyday life, a significant minority risks being left behind. The shift online is unavoidable, but its fallout needs to be managed with more care. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, as anecdotal evidence suggests is increasingly the case. Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required. The debate over ticket offices offers an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the increasing role of technology in our social landscape. Clearly, much more needs to be invested in helping marginalized(边缘化的) groups gain easy online access. Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available. This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide. 1.What forces the rail industry to phase out paper train tickets? A. Costs of internet access. B. Closure of station ticket offices. C. Sharp decline of offline transactions. D. Government’s efforts to digitize the industry. 2.Which of the following might fall victim to the plan? A. Rural post offices. B. Irregular internet users. C. Unconfident households. D. High Street bank branches. 3.How does the author clarify his opinion in paragraph 3? A. By giving an example. B. By making a comparison. C. By citing research data. D. By offering statistical analysis. 4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Taking the digital divide fairly. B. Maintaining a diversity of service. C. Investing more in public transport. D. Slowing down the pace of modernization. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是英格兰铁路公司计划取消车站售票处，但是降低成本的同时，也会影响很多不经常上网的人们，作者认为对此应该要慎重处理。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据首段中的“But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions( 交易) have moved online.(但交通部长Grant Shapps指出，一些车站每周只出售少数几张车票，绝大多数交易都转移到网上。)”可知，现在线下购票数量很少，大部分都是在线上进行，所以导致铁路行业淘汰纸质车票的原因是线下交易的下滑。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged.(但对于没有在线访问或技能的人来说，另一个小的社会障碍将出现。)”可知，对于不能上网或者不会上网的人们来说，出就出现了一些社会障碍，由此可知，受到影响的是不常上网的人们。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required.(前养老金部长Ros Altmann最近写道，一位不再开车去当地公园的老妇人联系了她，因为她不会下载所需的停车应用程序。)”可知，作者阐明自己观点时，列举了前养老金部长所写的内容，一位老人不去当地公园是因为不会下载停车所需的应用程序，由此可知，作者是用举例的方式阐明观点的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available.(必须为重要服务保留替代离线选项。应始终提供可联系的电话号码和配备人员的公共接入点。)”可知，作者指出，要处理当前的问题，需要继续保留线下可选择的重要服务，始终提供可联系的电话服务等，由此可推断，最后一段暗示要继续保留多样化的服务。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1.Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A. They are too expensive. B. They bring along fire risks. C. They speed up climate change. D. They are not cool any more. 2.How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By making a comparison. B. By analyzing causes and effects. C. By giving a definition. D. By referring to data from previous studies. 3.What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Reward. B. Attraction. C. Instance. D. Annoyance. 4.What will the author probably continue to talk about? A. The potential challenges drones will face. B. The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C. The importance of drones in promoting economy. D. The strong competition from companies in different industries. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机灯光秀在西方越来越受欢迎，分析了其受欢迎的原因，包括减少火灾风险、更安全、噪音小、更环保以及更具创意等，同时也指出目前还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think.(烟花，正如你从它的名字可以猜到的那样，会引起火灾——比你想象的要多)”和第二段中“That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires.(这就是去年加州一些城镇放弃烟花转向无人机的原因。澳大利亚的悉尼以其大规模的烟花表演而闻名，由于野火的风险，正在考虑也这样做)”可知，一些城镇放弃烟花是因为它们会带来火灾风险。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t.(除了降低火灾风险外，无人机灯光秀还为幕后人员提供了一个更安全的替代方案。去年，烟花造成10000多人受伤，因为它们可能会在地面上意外爆炸。无人机则不会)”可知，本段通过对比烟花和无人机灯光秀在安全性方面的差异，来说明无人机灯光秀的优势。由此推知，作者是通过对比的方式来展开第三段的。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough.(另一方面，如果你站得足够近，烟花可能会震破你的耳膜)”以及后文“for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise(对于一些有动物、小孩或对噪音敏感的人来说)”可知，烟花的噪音对于一些人来说是令人烦恼的。画线词“nuisance”意思是“令人烦恼的事物”，与Annoyance同义。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future.(然而，现在就急于得出无人机将在不久的将来完全取代烟花的结论还为时过早)”可知，作者认为现在还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论，由此推知，接下来作者可能会继续谈论无人机面临的挑战。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm. The station named Nemo’s Garden consists of five biospheres(生物圈) fixed to the bottom of the sea off the coast of Savona, Italy. They’re being used to grow strawberries, beans, garlic, and lettuce. “The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming, including lack of fresh water, fertile soil, and extreme temperature changes,’’ said project spokesperson Luca Gamberini. The five biospheres, currently floating between depths of 18 and 36 feet, are constantly watched by Ocean Reef Group —— a diving equipment company——from a control center on dry land. According to various news reports, the plants are watered by drips of water on the inner walls of the biospheres. With a constant temperature of 79 degrees day and night, and humidity(湿度) at around 83 percent, the conditions are ideal for plants to grow well. The high amount of carbon dioxide also encourages growth. Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy. In his own words, he wanted to do something that’s different and to show the beauty of the ocean. After two years of failed attempts, they finally were able to get these five biospheres working. Their success may lay the foundation for a new form of crop production that can be done without harming the environment. In fact, the biosphere seems to be attracting wildlife. Octopuses(章鱼) and endangered seahorses are taking shelter under the structure, while crabs(螃蟹) are climbing up the anchors and into the greenhouses. None of the creatures have damaged the plants so far. “It’s so kind of science-fiction to see these two different forms of life interact,” Gamberini said. 1.Why was the underwater farm created? A. To help explore the sea. B. To protect sea creatures. C. To improve the sea environment D. To find a new way of growing crops. 2.Sergio Gamberini got the idea of growing plants underwater _______. A. by chance B. from science fiction C. after reading a news report D. after two years of failed attempts 3.The last paragraph is written mainly to tell us that _____. A. the plants in the biosphere is protected B. the biosphere is environmentally friendly C. sea creatures may do harm to the biosphere D. sea creatures like the plants in the biosphere 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The undersea exploration. B. Growing plants without soil. C. A biosphere that attracts wildlife. D. The world’s first underwater farm. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了一家意大利的公司建造了世界上第一个海底农场，详细介绍了有关的一些情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming”（该项目的主要目标是在环境条件使传统农业难以种植作物的地区创造其他植物生产来源）可知，通过传统耕作方式环境条件使之很难生长的作物在这个海底农场可以生长创造出来，故海底农场的建立就是为了创造新的种植庄稼的方式，选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.”（海洋珊瑚礁的总裁Sergio Gamberini说，他是在意大利的一个暑假里想到在水下种植植物的主意的）可知他是在去意大利过暑假的时候产生了这个想法，突发奇想，因此具有偶然性，故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述，尤其是第一句“In fact, the biosphere seems to be attracting wildlife.”（事实上，生物圈似乎在吸引野生动物）可知，海底农场的建立没有破坏环境，反而吸引来了许多海底的生物，因此建立的这些生物圈是环保的，答案为B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章的第一句就提到了本文的大意“An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.”（一家意大利公司创建了世界上第一个水下农场）可知，第一个海底农场的建立，然后详细介绍了这个海底农场的相关情况，答案为D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）Women usually live longer than men, but they also get sick more often. New research from the University of Georgia shows that eating a good diet with lots of colorful fruits and vegetables can help women stay healthier. These foods have something called carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are good for our eyes and brains. The study looked at many past studies and found that women get more health problems than men. These problems include diseases where the body fights itself and memory loss. Women are more likely to get these diseases because of their biology. “Women have more body fat than men, which is good for having babies, but it also means they need to eat more healthy things to stay well,” said Hammond, a researcher. Why are women more vulnerable (脆弱的) to health problems? One reason is how they store vitamins (维生素) and minerals. Women’s bodies keep more fat, and fat can hold these important nutrients (营养物). This is helpful when they are having babies, but it also means there might not be enough for their eyes and brains. Eating foods with carotenoids is important because they help protect our bodies from damage. Some carotenoids are found in parts of our eyes and brains and can help with problems in the nervous system. “Both men and women eat these foods, but women need more because their bodies use them up faster,” said Hammond. The food we eat can affect our brains and how we feel. It can even change our feelings and how likely we are to get angry. Now, scientists are learning that the food we eat also affects the bacteria (细菌) in our stomachs, which are important to our health too. 1.What does the study suggest about carotenoids? A. They are only beneficial to men. B. They are not necessary for a healthy diet. C. They are good for women’s eyes and brains. D. They have no effect on the central nervous system. 2.What is one of the reasons women may need a better diet? A. Women need less food than men. B. Women’s diets are short of carbohydrates. C. Women need more vitamins to support their body fat. D. Women have a higher risk of developing health problems. 3.What is the connection between diet and the bacteria in our stomachs? A. Certain bacteria can only be found in women’s stomachs. B. The bacteria in our stomachs have nothing to do with our health. C. The bacteria in our stomachs determine our food preferences. D. The food we eat affects the bacteria in our stomachs. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Why do women live longer than men? B. Why do women lose more memory? C. Women may have a higher risk of mental illness D. Diets with more carotenoids can help women stay healthier 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了富含类胡萝卜素的食物可以帮助女性保持健康。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“These foods have something called carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are good for our eyes and brains.(这些食物含有一种叫做类胡萝卜素的东西，对我们的眼睛和大脑都有好处。)”可知，研究表明类胡萝卜素对女性的眼睛和大脑有好处。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The study looked at many past studies and found that women get more health problems than men. These problems include diseases where the body fights itself and memory loss. Women are more likely to get these diseases because of their biology.(这项研究回顾了许多过去的研究，发现女性比男性更容易出现健康问题。这些问题包括自身免疫性疾病和记忆力丧失。女性由于生理原因更容易患上这些疾病。)”可知，研究发现女性比男性更容易出现健康问题，这些问题包括身体自我攻击的疾病和记忆力丧失。因此，女性需要更好的饮食来降低这些健康问题的风险。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now, scientists are learning that the food we eat also affects the bacteria (细菌) in our stomachs, which are important to our health too.(现在，科学家们正在了解我们所吃的食物也会影响我们胃里的细菌，这些细菌对我们的健康也很重要。)”可知，饮食与我们胃里的细菌有关联，我们所吃的食物会影响它们。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容， 结合第一段中“ New research from the University of Georgia shows that eating a good diet with lots of colorful fruits and vegetables can help women stay healthier. These foods have something called carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are good for our eyes and brains.(乔治亚大学的一项新研究表明，吃丰富多彩的水果和蔬菜可以帮助女性保持健康。这些食物含有类胡萝卜素，对我们的眼睛和大脑都有好处)”可知，文章主要讲述了富含类胡萝卜素的食物可以帮助女性保持健康，因此最好的标题是D项：Diets with more carotenoids can help women stay healthier (富含类胡萝卜素的食物可以帮助女性保持健康。)。故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）Glass might soon meet a surprising competitor: bamboo. Scientists in China have transformed regular bamboo into a see-through material that keeps out fire and water and reduces smoke, providing an environmentally friendly replacement for traditional glass made from sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. Clear wood, made by removing a natural substance called lignin (木质素) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a good renewable option. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat out. However, its tendency to catch fire and the slow growth rate of trees make it hard to produce in large amounts: To solve this, researchers at Central South University of Forestry and Technology focused on bamboo, which grows fully in 4-7 years and produces four times more material per farm area compared to trees. The team applied the methods developed for making wood see-through to bamboo, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by removing linger, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blocking treatment created three layers: a protective outer coating, a middle layer of silicon dioxide (a common glass ingredient), and a base layer of sodium silicate. The final material showed impressive strength, outshining many common plastics. Importantly, the clear bamboo showed special fire safety features. Unlike wood-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blocked water, and stopped dangerous smoke and gases from spreading — key benefits for building use. When tested as a base for advanced solar cells, it helped control light better, increasing energy production by 15.29%. This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amounts still needs work, this discovery supports environmental goals. 1.Which of the following is one of the reasons for researchers to replace the current widely used glass? A. It’s not clear enough. B. It harms the environment. C. Its cost is too high. D. It catches fair easily. 2.What features of bamboo makes it a suitable choice for making clear glass? A. Its lighter weight. B. Its clearness. C. Its tall height. D. Its high yield. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The production process of the new material. B. The superb advantages of the new material. C. The outstanding features of bamboo. D. The biological construction of bamboo. 4.What can be inferred about the clear bamboo from the last paragraph? A. It has a bright future in smart buildings. B. It has been produced in large amounts. C. It may serve as a kind of clean energy. D. It can clear off the poisonous smoke. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家研发的一种透明竹材料，该材料具有防火防水、减少烟雾等特性，有望成为传统玻璃的环保替代品。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. (虽然玻璃因其清洁性仍被广泛用于建筑中，但它容易破碎、重量大以及对环境的影响促使研究人员寻找其他材料，比如透明木材——现在是竹子。)”可知，传统玻璃存在易碎、重量大和环境危害等问题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“To solve this, researchers at Central South University of Forestry and Technology focused on bamboo, which grows fully in 4-7 years and produces four times more material per farm area compared to trees. (为了解决这个问题，中南林业科技大学的研究人员把重点放在竹子上，竹子在4-7年内生长完全，每个农场生产的材料是树木的四倍。)”可知，竹子生长周期短且单位面积产量高，所以适合作为制作透明玻璃的理想材料。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Specifically, by removing linger, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blocking treatment created three layers: a protective outer coating, a middle layer of silicon dioxide (a common glass ingredient), and a base layer of sodium silicate. (具体来说，通过去除使植物看起来坚硬的黏液，并在竹纤维中填充一种叫做硅酸钠的玻璃状液体，他们改变了光线通过材料的方式，达到了71.6%的清晰度。最后的阻水处理形成了三层：外层保护层、中间层二氧化硅（一种常见的玻璃成分）和底层硅酸钠。)”可推知，本段主要介绍了透明竹材的制作过程。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. (这种双重作用表明，它可以用于智能建筑，在使用阳光照明的同时创造清洁能源。)”可推知，透明竹材在智能建筑中具有应用潜力。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too tough and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Huey Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾 ) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach for treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 1.What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A. Creative. B. Easy. C. Traditional. D. Challenging. 2.Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A. She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B. She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C. She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D. She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of the drug testing. B. The application of YIV-906. C. Effects of the clinical trial. D. The effectiveness of YIV-906. 4.Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A. To demonstrate the value of botanical drugs. B. To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C. To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D. To highlight its success in medicine development. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍耶鲁教授希望通过中药研究促进癌症的治疗药物发展并介绍了具体的方式及目前的进展。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too tough and too risky.(其他研究人员和专家建议他改变路线，因为开发植物药物太困难，风险太大。)”可知，同行研究者及专家劝说他换个研究，因为研发植物型药物十分复杂及冒险，由此得出该研究具有挑战性。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Shwu-Huey Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs.(郑教授在耶鲁大学实验室的博士后研究员Shwu-Huey Liu花了数小时时间，在耶鲁大学图书馆翻阅中国古代文献，探寻中草药的特性。)”可知，她看古籍的最终目的是为了从中得到启发。故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates.(接下来，在涉及200多名患者的多项人体研究中，又对该药物针对多种癌症的疗效进行了多年额外测试。结果显示，YIV-906不仅屡次展现出积极效果，减轻了放射治疗的副作用，还促进了患者更快康复，并延长了生存期。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是YIV-906的有效性。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾 ) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou.(大约三年后，当这项国际试验的结果公布时，YIV-906可能会成为继众多源自天然产物的突破性药物之后的又一新星，这类药物包括从中药青蒿中研发出的疟疾治疗药物，而该药物的发现也让化学家屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖。)”可知，作者提到中药青蒿是为了展示草药的价值。故选A。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1.What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A. They enjoy teasing others. B. They often fight in groups. C. They seek adult protection. D. They learn from human kids. 2.What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Wag. B. Smile. C. Nod. D. Shout. 3.Why might animals show humor? A. To improve social status. B. To strengthen social bonds. C. To win in complex conflicts. D. To get much more pleasure. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Animal Social Behaviors B. Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C. Animals Play Tricks Too D. Why Animals Understand Humor? 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物（尤其是类人猿）可能也有类似幽默的行为，以及动物展现幽默的可能原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.(“我们记录到幼猿故意偷偷靠近并击打成年猿，然后满怀期待地等待反应，”劳默解释道。“这不是随意的玩耍——它符合故意逗弄的所有标准。”)”可知，劳默的研究发现幼猿喜欢逗弄别人。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun.(同样，海豚在玩耍打斗时会发出欢快的声音，大象在玩耍时会兴奋地trumpet，一些鹦鹉为了好玩会逗弄其他动物——比如用口哨声迷惑狗)”可知，海豚玩耍打斗时发出欢快的声音，鹦鹉会吹口哨逗弄其他动物，由此可推测大象玩耍时发出的声音也是比较欢快、大声的，所以trumpet意为“大声叫喊”，与shout意思相近。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships.(在人类中，笑声能加强社会联系，缓解紧张情绪。科学家认为，类人猿的嬉戏逗弄或狗的“笑声”可能也有类似的作用——打破僵局，加强关系)”可知，动物展现幽默可能是为了加强社会联系。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor.(然而，最近的研究表明，动物——尤其是类人猿——也可能表现出类似幽默的行为)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了动物（尤其是类人猿）可能也有类似幽默的行为，所以C选项“Animals Play Tricks Too(动物也会恶作剧)”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西自治区示范性高中·期中）In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and observe how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks (父系风险). However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge highlights that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as fragile, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less notable birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to preservation resources being unequally distributed to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By cooperating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more thorough image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future preservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 1.What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A. Heavily relying on large databases. B. Ignoring short-distance migrations. C. Primarily tracking larger bird species. D. Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 2.What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A. Inaccurate public sightings. B. Expensive tracking devices. C. Lack of preservation funding. D. Limitations of tracking technology. 3.What is the researchers’ concern about preservation resources? A. Desperate shortage in popular routes. B. Uneven distribution to certain species. C. Rare accessibility to larger bird species. D. Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats. 4.How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A. Limit resources to high-profile species. B. Launch new programs for endangered species. C. Boost tracking methods for striking bird species. D. Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了近年来科学家和研究人员使用先进的卫星技术追踪候鸟迁徙，以监测生物多样性和了解生态系统变化对迁徙路线的影响，但仍然存在一些问题，比如数据缺口和偏见，并探讨了解决方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as fragile, underrepresented in our data. (我们对卫星标签的依赖，也致使我们主要聚焦于那些能够承受追踪设备重量的大型物种，而体型较小、往往同样脆弱的鸟类，在我们的数据中却鲜有体现。)”可知，当前候鸟追踪的主要问题是主要追踪大型鸟类，而体型较小、同样脆弱的鸟类在我们的数据中代表性不足，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. (例如，由于可及性问题（难以抵达），来自偏远地区的鸟类被追踪到的可能性要低得多。)”和“Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to preservation resources being unequally distributed to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (刘易斯博士及其团队认为，这种偏差可能会导致保护资源分配不均，某些物种获得过多保护，而其他同样面临濒危风险的物种却被忽视。)”可知，导致候鸟追踪中的数据缺口的原因是追踪技术的局限性。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to preservation resources being unequally distributed to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (刘易斯博士及其团队认为，这种偏差可能会导致保护资源分配不均，某些物种获得过多保护，而其他同样面临濒危风险的物种却被忽视。)”可知，研究人员对资源保护的担忧是分配给某些物种的资源不均衡，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more thorough image of global migratory patterns .(鼓励观鸟者报告不常见候鸟的目击情况，能够填补当前的数据空白，更全面地呈现全球候鸟迁徙模式。)”可知，刘易斯博士建议让公众参与观察代表性不足的鸟类，以改进鸟类迁徙数据，故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西玉林市第一中学·期中）Kyoto’s cherry blossoms — or sakura (樱花) — draw crowds from across the world. But this year the flowers bloomed (开花) nearly two weeks in advance. Global warming, largely driven by fossil fuel (化石燃料), stimulated (刺激) temperatures so high in 2023 that it became the hottest year in history. Warmer springs causing earlier blooms is an event in nature not just related to Kyoto’s famous sakuras, but something scientists are also observing elsewhere — including in Washington D. C. Although flowering times vary annually, the long-term trend shows earlier blooming in D. C. “In D. C., the advance in blooming is probably consistent with, but not scientifically credited to, human-caused climate change,” said Gonzalez, a climate change scientist. Other possible causal influences include the urban heat island effect, he noted. That’s where the research in Kyoto is critical. The city’s sakura records go back more than 1,200 years. In 2020, 2021, and 2023, Kyoto’s sakura saw record-early blooms. A 2022 study found that human-caused climate change is the primary reason, pushing that season forward by roughly 11 days. The early beginning of spring and following cherry tree blooms can result in some serious problems that include blossoms mismatching with their pollinators (授粉者). And if winter continues to warm faster than summer in much of the U. S., the amount of exposure to cold weather that a tree requires in its winter period may not be met — resulting in some trees failing to flower at all in the spring. Peak bloom date may be advanced in the future. But the end result of not having any blossoms, if there’s no winter, may happen sooner than we think. Not only are cherry trees a tool for scientists to understand changing temperatures, but the trees’ flowering also represents a “very visible” historical and cultural symbol for people to celebrate the beginning of spring. For those who haven’t had the opportunity to wander under a line of blooming cherry blossom trees, Gonzalez says the experience is similar to “walking through a church.” 1.What do we know about the earlier blooming in D. C.? A. It is likely to cause global warming. B. It leads to urban heat island effect. C. It probably dues to climate change. D. It has proved scientific in some way. 2.What is a possible consequence of earlier blooming? A. The cherry trees will disappear completely. B. Winters will become warmer than summers. C. Pollinators may not match with blossoms. D. Spring will arrive later than before. 3.Why are cherry blossoms important? A. They bring people spiritual comfort. B. They help scientists study climate change. C. They prevent natural disasters. D. They are beautiful to look at. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Cherry Trees Bloom Unusually. B. Scientists Predict Cherry Trees’ Bloom Timing. C. This Year’s Early Cherry Blossom: A Warning Sign. D. Early Cherry Blossom Peak: A Natural Wonder. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是全球变暖导致樱花提前盛开的现象及其带来的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In D. C., the advance in blooming is probably consistent with, but not scientifically credited to, human-caused climate change(在华盛顿特区，花提前开花可能与人类造成的气候变化相一致，但在科学上并没有得到证实)”可知，华盛顿特区早开的花可能与气候变化有关。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The early beginning of spring and following cherry tree blooms can result in some serious problems that include blossoms mismatching with their pollinators (授粉者).(早春和随后的樱花树开花会导致一些严重的问题，包括开花与传粉者不匹配。)”可知，提前开花可能带来的后果是传粉者可能与花朵不匹配。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Not only are cherry trees a tool for scientists to understand changing temperatures, but the trees’ flowering also represents a “very visible” historical and cultural symbol for people to celebrate the beginning of spring.(樱花树不仅是科学家了解气温变化的工具，而且樱花树的开花也代表了人们庆祝春天开始的“非常明显”的历史和文化象征。)”可知，樱花树很重要，是因为它们帮助科学家研究气候变化。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Global warming, largely driven by fossil fuel (化石燃料), stimulated (刺激) temperatures so high in 2023 that it became the hottest year in history. Warmer springs causing earlier blooms is an event in nature not just related to Kyoto’s famous sakuras, but something scientists are also observing elsewhere — including in Washington D. C.(主要由化石燃料驱动的全球变暖，使得2023年的气温急剧升高，以至于这一年成为了有历史记录以来最热的一年。春天变暖导致花期提前，这一自然现象不仅与京都著名的樱花有关，科学家们还在其他地方（包括华盛顿特区）观察到了类似情况。)”可知，本文主要讲的是全球变暖导致樱花提前盛开的现象及其带来的影响，因此最好的标题是C选项“This Year’s Early Cherry Blossom: A Warning Sign.(今年樱花开得早：一个警告信号)”。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation. A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to undertake new activities such as further education, a new career or a long ignored passion. Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined in high­income countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild or moderate disability over the same period. If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. 1.What does the author want to tell in the first paragraph? A. The whole world is faced with the problem of ageing. B. Some countries witness people live longer than before. C. China has the highest rate of ageing population at present. D. By 2050, over half of the world’s population is ageing. 2.What is the most important for the ageing society? A. The attitude of the older to life. B. The contributions the older make. C. The health of the older people. D. The activities the older take part in. 3.What is the author’s attitude to the ageing world? A. Concerned. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Astonished. 4.What’s the author’s statement about ageing based on? A. His own opinion. B. Some data. C. Causes and effects. D. Comparisons. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。讲述了当人们的寿命变长之后，在社会面对老龄化时，老年人自身以及对于社会的影响。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一二句“People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. (全世界的人都活得更长了。今天，这是历史上第一次，大多数人有望活到60岁以上)”以及末句“ By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. (到2050年，仅在中国就会有差不多这么多的人(1.2亿)，而全球这个年龄段的人口将达到4.34亿)”可知，第一段主要讲述全世界在面临老龄化问题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. (然而，这些机会和贡献的程度在很大程度上取决于一个因素：健康)”可知，老龄化社会最重要的一点是老年人的健康。故选C。 (3)题解析： 逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. (如果人们能够健康地度过这额外的岁月，如果他们生活在一个支持性的环境中，他们做自己珍视的事情的能力将与年轻人相差无几。如果这些增加的年数受到身体和精神衰退的影响，那么对老年人和社会的影响将更加负面)”可知，作者在评价老龄化社会时既讲到了其积极意义也提到了其消极意义。可知，作者的态度是客观中立的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide.(到2050年，全球60岁及以上人口预计将达到20亿，而2015年为9亿。今天，有1.25亿人年龄在80岁以上。到2050年，仅在中国就会有差不多这么多的人(1.2亿)，而全球这个年龄段的人口将达到4.34亿)”以及第二段“France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. (法国有近150年的时间来适应60岁以上人口比例从10%到20%的变化)”可知，作者关于老龄化的陈述论断是基于数据。故选B。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.” Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother. Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.” My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. 1.Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu? A. Diverse. B. Busy. C. Risky. D. Tough. 2.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2? A. I just introduced my family by mistake. B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family. C. I gave false information about my family. D. I couldn’t help introducing my family. 3.What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about? A. Durrell’s rich imagination. B. Some interesting plots of the book. C. The book’s writing feature. D. Some vivid descriptions of the island. 4.What is the purpose of this text? A. To share an experience. B. To introduce a writing style. C. To recommend a book. D. To describe an unusual place. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. (从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋，到探索沙滩和充满野生动物的深林的日子，在《我的家人和其他动物》一书中，英国作家Gerald Durrell生动地描述了20世纪30年代他的家人在希腊科孚岛的时光。)”可知，Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据语境和划线句前文“was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages,(本想成为一本关于自然史的怀旧书，)”和第一段提到的“English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.(英国作家杰拉尔德•德雷尔（Gerald Durrell）生动地描述了上世纪30年代他一家在希腊科孚岛的生活。)”这本书生动地描述了作者一家人在科孚岛的生活可知，作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书，但是结果却写成了描述家人在科孚岛的生活一本书，由此可推知，划线词句“but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. (但在前几页，我错误地介绍了我的家人。)”指的是作者“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. (Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜，岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩栩如生。)”和第五段“My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. (《我的家庭和其他动物》很难归类，一部分是游记，一部分是自传，一部分是自然历史，一部分是喜剧，一种描述性的语言贯穿始终，有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界。)”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. (作为一种真正的阅读乐趣，对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说，这是一种完美的文学逃避。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为了推荐这本《我的家庭和其他动物》。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）“Army ants are very aggressive,” says Isabella Muratore at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. But what’s even more remarkable about them is their architectural expertise. Muratore has been studying how army ants build bridges by linking their bodies, which could give scientists insights into controlling groups of robots. Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long foraging (觅食) lines. When they encounter obstacles — like a gap between leaves or branches — they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. “The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them,” Muratore said. “Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to cross something that they otherwise couldn’t.” But building bridges comes at a cost to the group: the ants occupied with supporting the bridge aren’t available to hunt. Despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said. She found that the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the smallest number of bodies. “Just like people, we don’t just build one bridge, we have to decide: ‘How is this whole road going to look like across many different obstacles?’” says David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He says this type of research is shedding new light on the collective intelligence of army ants. He compares the individual ants to “neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain”, with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. The collective decision-making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied swarm behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling (自组装的) robots. “It was the grand challenge of robotics for a long time to take a bucket of robot parts and dump it out and have that robot be able to piece itself together and solve sort of bigger problems,” Hu said. “Ants are kind of existence proof that such a robot would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world. Ants are really capable of solving these things with really, really little brain power.” 1.Why does Muratore study army ants’ act of bridge-building? A. To design advanced robots. B. To learn about conducting robots. C. To know their architectural skills. D. To understand their behavioral pattern. 2.What can be inferred about the ants’ building a bridge? A. Its building process is time-consuming. B. It depends on the strongest ants’ efforts. C. Its cost outweighs its benefits. D. It makes foraging more efficient. 3.What does the underlined phrase “shedding new light on” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Praising. B. Challenging. C. Revealing. D. Tracking. 4.What does Hu intend to explain in the last paragraph? A. The need to learn from army ants. B. The challenges in designing robots. C. The comparison between ants and robots. D. The problems to be addressed by future robots. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍军蚁具有搭建活体桥梁的建筑专长，相关研究不仅揭示其集体智慧，还为人类机器人技术的发展提供了借鉴。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Muratore has been studying how army ants build bridges by linking their bodies, which could give scientists insights into controlling groups of robots.(Muratore一直在研究军蚁如何通过连接身体来搭建桥梁，这可能会让科学家们深入了解如何掌控机器人群体。)”可知，Muratore研究军蚁搭桥行为，是为了获取控制机器人集群的相关思路。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to cross something that they otherwise couldn’t.(基本上，它们会创造捷径，让其他蚂蚁行动更方便，或者只是让它们能够越过原本无法越过的障碍。)”可知，军蚁搭建桥梁是为了创造捷径，帮助同伴跨越障碍，这会让整个群体的觅食过程更高效。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“He says this type of research is shedding new light on the collective intelligence of army ants. He compares the individual ants to “neurons in a big moving brain”, with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges.(他说这类研究正在为shedding new light on军蚁的集体智慧带来新的启发。他将单个蚂蚁比作“一个大型移动大脑中的神经元”，没有任何一只单独的蚂蚁决定在哪里搭建桥梁。)”可知，Hu教授通过比喻阐释军蚁的集体智慧，说明相关研究让人们对这一智慧有了新的认识，因此“shedding new light on”意为“揭示、阐明”，与“Revealing”含义相近。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The collective decision-making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied swarm behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms for self-assembling robots.(蚂蚁的集体决策也对人类技术有启示意义。工程师们已经将从蚂蚁研究中习得的群体行为应用到自组装机器人的算法构建中。)”及Hu教授的表述“Ants are kind of existence proof that such a robot would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world. Ants are really capable of solving these things with really, really little brain power.(蚂蚁某种程度上就是实证——这类机器人实际上能够在现实世界中存活，并且会有许多有趣的问题等待解决。蚂蚁确实仅凭极其有限的脑力，就能够解决这些问题。)”可知，他通过说明蚂蚁集体智慧对机器人技术的实际应用价值，意在解释人类有必要向军蚁学习。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市高级中学·期中）In contrast to the brightly coloured species of birds, most of mammals are browns and grays, but with a small number of exceptions, of which the most famous is the giant panda. We’ve had some initial assumption about why they had their markings, but we need to confirm the reason for its mysterious pattern. Viewed up close in a zoo, the giant panda is a strikingly notable mix of a white bear with black shoulders and legs, and an extraordinary face with black fur around the eyes and ears. By comparing with other carnivores (食肉动物), we learned that carnivores with white backs are found in snowy environments, and those with dark legs and shoulders are found in shady habitats. This suggested that the fur was an adaptation to be self-protective in different environments. Nowadays, giant pandas are kept inside in forests in western China, where they live on their own and there are relatively few predators (捕食者). We are to confirm that the sort of self-protection is effective against giant pandas’ former predators from the days when they ranged right across China into Vietnam. By comparing the amount of light reflected from the giant panda’s fur with natural objects in the background, it’s clear that their black fur patches (斑纹) match dark shades and tree trunks, whereas their white patches match bright leaves and snow. Also, pale brown, or muddy fur matches the color of the ground. This provides a medium color which bridges the gap between the very dark and very light visual elements in the natural habitat. Besides, a second form of self-protection lies in something termed disorderly colors and patterns-in which highly visible patches break up its outline by mixing with patches in the background. Giant pandas show this form of defensive outline, especially at longer viewing distances of at least 60 meters away. At these distances, the giant panda becomes hardly identifiable as the black fur patches go with the background, dark rocks and tree trunks. Although giant pandas in zoos are highly notable to us, it is because we see them up close and surrounded by artificial backgrounds. But when in the wild and at a distance, our research shows that they are beautifully protective to avoid detection. 1.How are giant pandas different from most mammals? A. They have exceptional colors and patterns B. They are more brightly colored. C. They are marked with browns and grays. D. Their dark legs match snowy environments. 2.What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A. To explain the reason for pandas living in the wild. B. To compare the differences of pandas’ body parts in color. C. To confirm pandas’ color connection to the habitat. D. To conclude the relationship between light and pandas’ colors. 3.What can we infer about giant pandas from the last two paragraphs? A. They look darker in the artificial background. B. Their patterns are determined by their backgrounds. C. The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance. D. They are more beautifully-colored in the wild than in the zoo. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research on giant pandas’ fur patterns? A. Favourable. B. Objective. C. Confused. D. Skeptical. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是篇说明文。文章主要叙述了大熊猫有别于其他哺乳动物的黑白相间的皮毛颜色和图案所形成的原因，以及所起到的自我保护作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“In contrast to the brightly coloured species of birds, most of mammals are browns and grays, but with a small number of exceptions, of which the most famous is the giant panda. We’ve had some initial assumption about why they had their markings, but we need to confirm the reason for its mysterious pattern. (与色彩鲜艳的鸟类相比，大多数哺乳动物都是棕色和灰色的，但也有少数例外，其中最著名的是大熊猫。我们对它们为什么有这些标记有一些初步的假设，但我们需要确认其神秘图案的原因。)”可知，与大多数哺乳动物不同，大熊猫有着独特的颜色和图案。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“By comparing the amount of light reflected from the giant panda’s fur with natural objects in the background, it’s clear that their black fur patches (斑纹) match dark shades and tree trunks, whereas their white patches match bright leaves and snow. Also, pale brown, or muddy fur matches the color of the ground. This provides a medium color which bridges the gap between the very dark and very light visual elements in the natural habitat. Besides, a second form of self-protection lies in something termed misorderly colors and patterns-in which highly visible patches break up its outline by mixing with patches in the background. (通过比较大熊猫皮毛反射的光线与背景中自然物体的光线，很明显，它们的黑色皮毛斑块与深色阴影和树干相匹配，而它们的白色斑块与明亮的树叶和雪相匹配。此外，浅棕色或泥泞的皮毛与地面的颜色相匹配。这提供了一种中等颜色，弥合了自然栖息地中非常黑暗和非常明亮的视觉元素之间的差距。此外，第二种形式的自我保护存在于一种被称为无序的颜色和图案中——在这种情况下，高度可见的斑块与背景中的斑块混合在一起，打破了轮廓。)”可知，该段主要通过对大熊猫颜色的分析，证实了它与栖息地之间的联系。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Giant pandas show this form of defensive outline, especially at longer viewing distances of at least 60 meters away. At these distances, the giant panda becomes hardly identifiable as the black fur patches go with the background, dark rocks and tree trunks. (大熊猫表现出这种形式的防御外形，特别是在至少60米以外的较远距离观看时，在这样的距离上，大熊猫的黑色皮毛与背景、深色岩石和树干相得益彰，几乎无法辨认。)”和最后一段“But when in the wild and at a distance, our research shows that they are beautifully protective to avoid detection. (但当在野外和远处时，我们的研究表明，它们会很好地保护自己，避免被发现。)”可知，在远处观看大熊猫，它们的颜色会起到很好的保护效果，可见大熊猫的这种防御颜色的保护效果与距离有关。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“We’ve had some initial assumption about why they had their markings, but we need to confirm the reason for its mysterious pattern. (我们对它们为什么有这些标记有一些初步的假设，但我们需要确认其神秘图案的原因。)”可知，提到“初始假设需要确认”，第二段“Viewed up close in a zoo, the giant panda is a strikingly notable mix of a white bear with black shoulders and legs, and an extraordinary face with black fur around the eyes and ears. By comparing with other carnivores (食肉动物), we learned that carnivores with white backs are found in snowy environments, and those with dark legs and shoulders are found in shady habitats. This suggested that the fur was an adaptation to be self-protective in different environments. (在动物园里近距离观察，大熊猫是一头有着黑色肩膀和腿的白熊，以及有着黑色眼睛和耳朵周围皮毛的非凡面孔的惊人组合。通过与其他食肉动物的比较，我们了解到白色背部的食肉动物生活在多雪的环境中，深色腿和肩膀的食肉动物生活在阴凉的栖息地。这表明皮毛是在不同环境中自我保护的一种适应。)”以及纵观全文可知，全文作者通过引用比较研究（与其他食肉动物）、光学反射分析以及不同观察距离下的效果对比等方法，客观地呈现了关于大熊猫皮毛图案功能的研究发现和证据。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $