精品解析：北京市第五十七中2025-2026学年九年级下学期英语期末试题（0.5+3）

26级0.5+3 2025～2026学年第二学期期末质量检测 英语 2026.7 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 From the time he learned to walk, Imran Nuri heard from his parents time and time again, “You must strive to be the best at everything.” And Nuri followed their advice and graduated with honors from Ohio State University, then moved to Chicago, where he ____1____ a prime job as a national marketing director for a company. But with each passing month, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____, wasn’t necessarily suitable for him. By the time he was 24 years old, Nuri faced the kind of life crisis ____3____ found in people twice his age. Focusing on money, ____4____ and power was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bold (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his job and decided to drive to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip to find 1,000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they’d known when they were younger. He had no interest in hitting specific cities, national parks or monuments. His goal was simple: Go where he could find people in settings where they might talk. Over the next few months, Nuri ____6____ people of all ages and races. Some kept walking. Others said they had no time or weren’t interested. But many were happy to ____7____. The weeks had turned into months, and now he was traveling with the ____8____ of the 1,300 people he’d talked to on his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t to be talked about, but to be ____9____ in all its messy beauty. Today, Nuri is back in Chicago, employed as a senior marketing director for a new company. He’s not the man he once was. He seeks answers to questions, which leads to more questions and more answers, a ____10____ that provides not certainty, but meaning. 1. A. investigated B. offered C. rejected D. landed 2. A. well-known B. well-intentioned C. well-prepared D. well-received 3. A. typically B. eventually C. definitely D. recently 4. A. promises B. occupations C. titles D. breakthroughs 5. A. move B. innovation C. imagination D. prediction 6. A. approached B. signaled C. studied D. motivated 7. A. show up B. stand out C. cheer up D. open up 8. A. expectations B. connections C. affections D. spirits 9. A. regretted B. defined C. lived D. assessed 10. A. moment B. cycle C. system D. goal 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to the latest WWF’s Living Planet Report, there ____11____ (be) a 73% decline in the average size of monitored wildlife populations since 1970. If nothing is done, man will be punished by nature. Luckily, we are not yet past the point of no return. People begin to take actions. For example, nature ____12____ (reserve) are being built now so that animals can live in peace, stricter anti-poaching (反盗猎) laws are being enforced to combat illegal hunting, and educational programs are being promoted to teach the ____13____ (young) generation about biodiversity conservation. All these efforts ____14____ (reward) one day. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____15____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. Some students believe that the social sciences are somehow less scientific than the physical and life sciences, but social scientists use the same methods that all scientists do: observation, experimentation, testing of scientific theories, and reporting on the results of experiments. If you decide ____16____ (major) in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself equipped with related information. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A growing body of research suggests that blue spaces may benefit well-being. For starters, ____17____ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain. When people exercise in or near water, they tend to do so for longer than those working out in green or urban settings, ____19____ (potential) because they perceive time differently. Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A What it does The self-cleaning door handle combines advanced photocatalytic (光催化) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space. How it works The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively remove bacteria (细菌) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by itself. Design process We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output, which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source. How it is different Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas, but they harm the human body. Our design can be used for a long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products. Future plans In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with public places, for example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher. Awards In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition. 21. How does the self-cleaning door handle function? A. It controls the door movement automatically. B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact. C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up. D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself. 22. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is A. safer and cheaper B. cleaner and easier C. less heavy and more effective D. more attractive and expensive 23. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage? A. It has received positive responses for its innovation. B. It is quite competitive among similar products. C. It has been widely used in public areas. D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials. B I have always felt a deep pull to travel solo, to let my adventurous spirit lead the way without answering to anyone else. That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities—they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper. Then, I turned 60, and the voice grew louder, but I worried that it was too late to explore far-off horizons, and that I had missed my chance. Around the same time, I started working with Jack, a 30-year-old counselling client who wanted to quit his job and see the world. Talking with him felt like speaking to a mirror. It forced me to confront my fear of looking silly, being judged, and temporarily leaving the safety of my comfortable life. It wasn’t until Jack eventually announced that he was ready to build a life that was a better fit for him that I really felt inspired to take the leap and plan a once-in-a-lifetime six-week solo trip along Australia’s western coast. The real test came when my finger hovered over the button to officially book my flights and accommodation. Part of me secretly hoped the payment might fail, giving me time to reconsider. But in the moment, I recognized that this combination of excitement and terror is something I’ve seen many times over with my clients, especially older ones, and it’s normal. Support from my family made the decision easier. My husband told me I would regret it if I didn’t go. My adult children, who had travelled solo, praised my courage. Their support made me reflect on how I had let life delay my own dreams for too long. Choosing adventure as you age isn’t always about travelling across the world. Sometimes it’s wearing a brightly coloured outfit, trying new foods, or rocking up to the dance class you have always watched from afar. Courage is less about conquering fear and more about trusting yourself among whatever uncertainty lies ahead. Not only does courage not fade with age, but it can grow richer as a result of our life experience. As I write this from the airport, about to board the flight to Australia, I know that it may not feel natural or easy to overcome the fear of travelling solo, but it is better to live boldly than to let those dreams fade without giving it a go. 24. Why did the author put off her solo travel for years? A. She was afraid of flying alone. B. Family and duties occupied her life. C. She couldn’t find a suitable place to visit. D. Her family strongly disagreed with her plan. 25. How did she feel when booking the trip? A. Confident and ambitious. B. Concerned and lonely. C. Terrified and regretful. D. Struggling and hesitant. 26. What does the author think about solo travel? A. Solo travel success requires luck. B. Fear kills one’s dream of solo travel. C. Bravery makes solo travel possible. D. Solo travel is not suitable for seniors. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. All roads lead to Rome. B. East or west, home is the best. C. One good turn deserves another. D. Fortune always favours the courageous. C Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to create a strangely similar experience in thought. You enter a prompt (提示词) that reflects only part of what you mean. The idea may be unclear or incomplete, yet moments later, the LLM returns a paragraph that sharpens your thinking and even lands on an expression that feels surprisingly right: “That’s exactly what I was thinking.” Human thinking typically follows a narrative arc (弧线). Scientists describe the moment when a confusing pattern finally resolves. Writers speak about the satisfaction of finding the right sentence after long revision. Philosophers recall the insight that arrives when a difficult argument settles into place. These moments share a common structure: an unfinished idea moves toward cognitive (认知的) insight. The eventual sense of completion—the aha moment—carries an emotional reward because it follows the effort of thinking. LLMs can reproduce the final moment of that arc with remarkable speed. A prompt that begins as a loose question may return as a polished explanation. The response carries the language of insight, even when the process that normally produces insight never occurred. But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled. When a finished explanation appears with the click of a button, the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there. And when this result feels persuasive, the brain experiences the moment as recognition rather than construction. The sentence LLMs produce seems to capture what we meant to say, and the idea it expresses falls into place with a sense of familiarity. Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice. Keep in mind that none of this requires AI to possess understanding or consciousness. The effect arises from language alone. LLMs produce language that carries the structure of thought, and once that signal appears, the brain quickly fills in the rest. The system behaves less like a companion and more like a mirror, reflecting pieces of our thinking and returning them in expanded form. This is where the deeper and more consequential question begins. For the first time in history, people are interacting with a system that can routinely supply fully expressed ideas in response to incomplete ones. AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language. Yet when the completion feels natural enough, the mind may experience the result as its own thinking. This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels. 28. What can we learn about LLMs from this passage? A. They experience the process of producing insight. B. They generate thoughts through cognitive processes. C. They carry an emotional reward through thinking hard. D. They settle questions by completing patterns in language. 29. What is the cost of AI-assisted thinking? A. Our thoughts may be controlled. B. Our thoughts may be misunderstood. C. Our thinking pattern will be changed. D. Our thinking pattern will be disordered. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards AI-assisted thinking? A. Concerned. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. D. Indifferent. 31. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How AI Enhances the Habits of Thought B. How AI Cuts Short the Journey of Thought C. How AI Builds Up the Process of Thought D. How AI Clouds the Direction of Thought D Whether it’s donuts, burgers, or ice creams, there are always some people willing to line up for hours to get a taste of the latest food. What these people might not realize, however, is that those treats are even more psychologically rewarding after they’ve waited hours in line. But why do we enjoy things more when we’ve had to suffer for them? It’s a question that’s puzzled neuroscientists for decades, but research published in Nature is throwing light on this phenomenon. This kind of sunk-cost fallacy (谬误) is the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort. It isn’t just a common trap in the business world, it also spreads all over the animal world. Organisms from ants to human beings tend to value those things they had to work for more than those that came easily. It seems counterintuitive (有悖常理的) from an evolutionary view — after all, why would we be hard-wired to put more suffering on ourselves? The answer, according to Shnei, involves our familiar friend dopamine (多巴胺). In an earlier study, Shnei and his colleagues discovered that mice that received a reward after overcoming a challenge released more dopamine compared to those that didn’t suffer for their treat. Now, they’ve added a new piece to the puzzle: according to their latest research, dopamine’s role as a satisfaction signal is even more difficult to understand than previously thought. The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable, explaining the satisfaction we feel after finally getting our hands on that donut we’ve been waiting in line for. But why does this happen in the first place? Shnei has some ideas: in an environment with limited resources, where rewards are often hard to come by, it makes sense to prioritize those that require more effort. Because dopamine strengthens the behavior, it may be that we’re hard-wired to value things more when we’ve suffered for them — even if that suffering was entirely unnecessary. The next time you’re waiting in line for a donut, just remember: it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you. 32. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the “sunk-cost fallacy”? A. Choosing a cheaper but less tasty restaurant. B. Sitting through an expensive but terrible movie. C. Buying a new phone since the old one is out of style. D. Taking a taxi instead of waiting for a never-coming bus. 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. More effort leads to greater reward value. B. Dopamine has no connection with the effort. C. Mice do not experience the sunk-cost fallacy. D. Mice prefer easy rewards over hard-earned ones. 34. What does the author think of waiting in line for a snack? A. The snack’s taste brings real satisfaction. B. The waiting process is of great importance. C. The tasty snack is well worth the long wait. D. The satisfaction comes from one’s brain reaction. 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Human history could be told as the story of seeing. Each invention that sharpened our vision extended the reach of perception and redrew the borders of the known. When a Dutch craftsman fitted two lenses (镜片) into a tube in 1608, he did not simply enlarge distant objects; he expanded the human mind. From that moment, observation stopped being passive. ____35____ As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality—the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. ____36____ To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. ____37____ The Internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. ____38____ The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. And now, machines have begun to see for us. Satellites watch the weather; neural networks watch the world. They identify patterns invisible to human eyes—the movements of the universe, the signatures of disease, the habits of a city. ____39____ The universe may be infinite, but so too is the human desire to understand what it means to look. A. Seeing is no longer believing. B. The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. C. We no longer merely looked—we searched. D. The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. E. The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F. The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. G. Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。 Have you ever thought of changing people’s behaviors by simple efforts? One effective approach is nudge theory. It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental push. A manager might nudge employees to work faster by reminding them that a deadline is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice or action seem more attractive or beneficial than other options. And second, design nudges imply the best option instead of being explicit about it. An experiment in Lisbon, Portugal, provides a good example of a design nudge. The experiment was designed to make crossing the street safer. Instead of waiting for the walk signal, walkers were crossing whenever there was a break in traffic, which could be very dangerous. As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch, which encouraged them to wait before crossing. As a result, the proportion of people who crossed at an unsafe time dropped significantly. There are other examples of nudges designed to promote beneficial choices. Students can be nudged to replace a cycle of negative behavior — such as choosing unhealthy food at lunch — with positive behaviors. Studies show that the majority of people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line. People don’t notice when an effective design nudge pushes them toward a certain action or decision. Businesses may create helpful nudges that benefit both consumers and themselves. For example, an app that provides online services might set a reasonable free-use plan as the default option and hide automatic paid subscriptions in an advanced setting. This protects users from unwanted charges and helps the company gain long-term customer trust. Design nudges are all around us because they are an effective way for designers to promote certain behaviors of people who use the design. 40. What is nudge theory? _________________________________________________________ 41. What change was made in an experiment to ensure safer crossing? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. _________________________________________________________ 43. How can you use the nudge theory in your daily life? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你与本校外国交换生Jim准备组队参加学校举办的主题为“Technology Meets Chinese Traditional Culture”的创意大赛。请你用英文给Jim发一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的创意设计； 2. 询问Jim的建议。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 26级0.5+3 2025～2026学年第二学期期末质量检测 英语 2026.7 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 From the time he learned to walk, Imran Nuri heard from his parents time and time again, “You must strive to be the best at everything.” And Nuri followed their advice and graduated with honors from Ohio State University, then moved to Chicago, where he ____1____ a prime job as a national marketing director for a company. But with each passing month, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____, wasn’t necessarily suitable for him. By the time he was 24 years old, Nuri faced the kind of life crisis ____3____ found in people twice his age. Focusing on money, ____4____ and power was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bold (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his job and decided to drive to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip to find 1,000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they’d known when they were younger. He had no interest in hitting specific cities, national parks or monuments. His goal was simple: Go where he could find people in settings where they might talk. Over the next few months, Nuri ____6____ people of all ages and races. Some kept walking. Others said they had no time or weren’t interested. But many were happy to ____7____. The weeks had turned into months, and now he was traveling with the ____8____ of the 1,300 people he’d talked to on his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t to be talked about, but to be ____9____ in all its messy beauty. Today, Nuri is back in Chicago, employed as a senior marketing director for a new company. He’s not the man he once was. He seeks answers to questions, which leads to more questions and more answers, a ____10____ that provides not certainty, but meaning. 1. A. investigated B. offered C. rejected D. landed 2. A. well-known B. well-intentioned C. well-prepared D. well-received 3. A. typically B. eventually C. definitely D. recently 4. A. promises B. occupations C. titles D. breakthroughs 5. A. move B. innovation C. imagination D. prediction 6. A. approached B. signaled C. studied D. motivated 7. A. show up B. stand out C. cheer up D. open up 8. A. expectations B. connections C. affections D. spirits 9. A. regretted B. defined C. lived D. assessed 10. A. moment B. cycle C. system D. goal 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述Nuri听从父母建议成功后感空虚，辞职旅行与陌生人交流，最终领悟生活真谛的故事。 【1题详解】 句意：Nuri听从了他们的建议，以优异的成绩从俄亥俄州立大学毕业，然后搬到了芝加哥，在那里他找到了一份在一家公司担任全国营销总监的绝佳工作。 根据“as a national marketing director for a company”可知，此处表示“获得工作”，应用land“获得”，investigated“调查”、offered“提供”和rejected“拒绝”均不符合语境。 【2题详解】 句意：Nuri意识到，父母的建议虽出于好意，但不适合他。 根据转折连词“while”及后文“wasn’t necessarily suitable for him”，可知建议初衷是好的，应选well-intentioned“好意的”，well-known“著名的”、well-prepared“准备充分的”和well-received“受欢迎的”均不符合语境。 【3题详解】 句意：到他24岁时，Nuri面临着一种通常出现在比他年长一倍的人身上的那种生活危机。 根据常识，生活危机通常出现在中年，此处表示对比，应选typically“通常”，eventually“最终”、definitely“肯定”和recently“最近”均不符合语境。 【4题详解】 句意：专注于金钱、头衔和权力让他感到空虚。 根据“money”和“power”可知此处指外在的社会地位标志，应选titles“头衔”，promises“承诺”、occupations“职业”和breakthroughs“突破”均不符合语境。 【5题详解】 句意：在一个大胆的举动中，他辞掉了工作，决定用100天的时间开车走遍美国本土48个州，去寻找1000个陌生人，请他们分享一件自己希望年轻时就能明白的事。 根据后文的内容，说明Nuri做了一个大胆的行动或者步骤，应选move“举动”，innovation“创新”、imagination“想象”和prediction“预测”均不符合语境。 【6题详解】 句意：在接下来的几个月里，Nuri接近了各种各样的人。 根据上下文他要找人交谈，需先“接近”陌生人，应选approached，signaled“发信号”、studied“学习”和motivated“激励”均不符合语境。 【7题详解】 句意：许多人乐意敞开心扉。 根据前文“share one thing”，可知指愿意倾诉内心，应选open up“敞开心扉”，show up“出现”、stand out“突出”和cheer up“振作”均不符合语境。 【8题详解】 句意：几周变成了几个月，现在他带着在这次15000英里旅程中交谈过的1300个人的精神，继续前行。 根据后文“What they taught him”可知，指带着他人的智慧与精神陪伴，应选spirits“精神”，expectations“期望”、connections“联系”和affections“喜爱”均不符合语境。 【9题详解】 句意：他们教给他的道理是生活不是用来谈论的，而是要去亲身体验它那纷繁复杂的美。 该空应和“talked about”对比，结合选项，生活应被体验，应选lived“过”，regretted“后悔”、defined“定义”和assessed“评估”均不符合语境。 【10题详解】 句意：他寻找问题的答案，而这又引出了更多的问题和更多的答案——这是一个提供意义而非确定性的循环。 根据“leads to more questions and more answers”，可知这是一个循环过程，应选cycle“循环”，moment“时刻”、system“系统”和goal“目标”均不符合语境。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to the latest WWF’s Living Planet Report, there ____11____ (be) a 73% decline in the average size of monitored wildlife populations since 1970. If nothing is done, man will be punished by nature. Luckily, we are not yet past the point of no return. People begin to take actions. For example, nature ____12____ (reserve) are being built now so that animals can live in peace, stricter anti-poaching (反盗猎) laws are being enforced to combat illegal hunting, and educational programs are being promoted to teach the ____13____ (young) generation about biodiversity conservation. All these efforts ____14____ (reward) one day. 【答案】11. has been 12. reserves 13. younger 14. will be rewarded 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了根据世界自然基金会《地球生命力报告》，全球野生动物数量急剧下降的现状，以及人类为了阻止情况恶化所采取的具体保护措施，并表达了这些努力终将获得回报的积极信念。 【11题详解】 句意：根据世界自然基金会最新的《地球生命力报告》，自1970年以来，受监测的野生动物种群平均规模下降了73%。此处需要谓语动词，主语是“a 73% decline”（单数），且时间状语“since 1970”是现在完成时的标志，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，因此，谓语动词应用现在完成时，结构为“has+过去分词”，be的过去分词是been。 【12题详解】 句意：例如，现在正在建设自然保护区，以便动物能够平静地生活。此处需要名词作主语，与“nature”搭配构成“自然保护区”之意，固定表达为“nature reserve”。根据谓语动词“are being built”可知，主语应为复数形式，因此reserve需变为复数。 【13题详解】 句意：教育项目也正在推广，以教导年轻一代了解生物多样性保护。此处需要形容词修饰名词“generation”，且前面有定冠词“the”，结合句意表示“年轻一代”，应用形容词比较级形式，构成固定表达“the younger generation”。 【14题详解】 句意：所有这些努力总有一天会得到回报。此处需要谓语动词，主语“All these efforts”与动词reward之间为被动关系（努力被回报），且时间状语“one day”表示将来的某一天，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。reward的过去分词为rewarded。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____15____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. Some students believe that the social sciences are somehow less scientific than the physical and life sciences, but social scientists use the same methods that all scientists do: observation, experimentation, testing of scientific theories, and reporting on the results of experiments. If you decide ____16____ (major) in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself equipped with related information. 【答案】15. whose 16. to major 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍社会科学的共性、研究方法，并建议选择社会科学专业的学生主动开展自主研究。 【15题详解】 句意：每一门社会科学都构建起一套知识体系，这套知识体系包含通用法则、原理以及阐释事实、趋势与观测结果之间关联的归纳总结。该句是定语从句，先行词为a body of knowledge，空格后content与先行词是所属关系（知识体系的内容），关系代词whose在从句中作定语，故填whose。 【16题详解】 句意：如果你决定主修一门社会科学，你需要做好自主开展研究、持续储备相关资料的准备。固定搭配decide to do sth.表示 “决定做某事”，不定式作decide的宾语，因此填to major。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A growing body of research suggests that blue spaces may benefit well-being. For starters, ____17____ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain. When people exercise in or near water, they tend to do so for longer than those working out in green or urban settings, ____19____ (potential) because they perceive time differently. Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 【答案】17. spending 18. whether 19. potentially 20. which 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，围绕蓝色空间（水域环境）对健康的益处展开，介绍水域环境能够促进人们运动、改善城市环境，点明蓝色空间有助于提升人们的身心健康。 【17题详解】 句意：首先，在蓝色空间里度过时光会鼓励人们活动。动词不能直接作句子主语，需要变为动名词形式，spend的动名词为spending，故填spending。 【18题详解】 句意：无论你是在湖边散步还是在湖里游泳。固定搭配“whether…or…”表示“无论是……还是……”，用于列举两种情况，故填whether。 【19题详解】 句意：可能是因为他们感知时间的方式不同。修饰整个原因状语从句要用副词，形容词potential转化为副词potentially，故填potentially。 【20题详解】 句意：所有这些都对身体健康有益。本句是非限制性定语从句，“all of+关系代词”指代前面提到的多项好处，介词of后用关系代词which，故填which。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A What it does The self-cleaning door handle combines advanced photocatalytic (光催化) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space. How it works The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively remove bacteria (细菌) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by itself. Design process We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output, which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source. How it is different Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas, but they harm the human body. Our design can be used for a long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products. Future plans In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with public places, for example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher. Awards In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition. 21. How does the self-cleaning door handle function? A. It controls the door movement automatically. B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact. C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up. D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself. 22. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is A. safer and cheaper B. cleaner and easier C. less heavy and more effective D. more attractive and expensive 23. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage? A. It has received positive responses for its innovation. B. It is quite competitive among similar products. C. It has been widely used in public areas. D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款自清洁门把手的功能、工作原理、研发过程、产品优势、未来规划以及所获奖项。 【21题详解】 原文What it does部分“A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start cleaning.”提到光源会激活门把手涂层，让涂层开始自清洁，与D选项表述一致。 【22题详解】 原文Design process部分“We made the first version…However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also…effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.”提到初代产品用不锈钢材质，偏重。后续改用铝制材料减轻了重量，同时优化了发电机输出，将门开合产生的能量转化为光源，即产品更轻便且效能更高。 【23题详解】 原文Awards部分“In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.”指出这项发明斩获多项大奖，还亮相日内瓦国际发明展，说明这项创新收获了正面认可。 B I have always felt a deep pull to travel solo, to let my adventurous spirit lead the way without answering to anyone else. That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities—they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper. Then, I turned 60, and the voice grew louder, but I worried that it was too late to explore far-off horizons, and that I had missed my chance. Around the same time, I started working with Jack, a 30-year-old counselling client who wanted to quit his job and see the world. Talking with him felt like speaking to a mirror. It forced me to confront my fear of looking silly, being judged, and temporarily leaving the safety of my comfortable life. It wasn’t until Jack eventually announced that he was ready to build a life that was a better fit for him that I really felt inspired to take the leap and plan a once-in-a-lifetime six-week solo trip along Australia’s western coast. The real test came when my finger hovered over the button to officially book my flights and accommodation. Part of me secretly hoped the payment might fail, giving me time to reconsider. But in the moment, I recognized that this combination of excitement and terror is something I’ve seen many times over with my clients, especially older ones, and it’s normal. Support from my family made the decision easier. My husband told me I would regret it if I didn’t go. My adult children, who had travelled solo, praised my courage. Their support made me reflect on how I had let life delay my own dreams for too long. Choosing adventure as you age isn’t always about travelling across the world. Sometimes it’s wearing a brightly coloured outfit, trying new foods, or rocking up to the dance class you have always watched from afar. Courage is less about conquering fear and more about trusting yourself among whatever uncertainty lies ahead. Not only does courage not fade with age, but it can grow richer as a result of our life experience. As I write this from the airport, about to board the flight to Australia, I know that it may not feel natural or easy to overcome the fear of travelling solo, but it is better to live boldly than to let those dreams fade without giving it a go. 24. Why did the author put off her solo travel for years? A. She was afraid of flying alone. B. Family and duties occupied her life. C. She couldn’t find a suitable place to visit. D. Her family strongly disagreed with her plan. 25. How did she feel when booking the trip? A. Confident and ambitious. B. Concerned and lonely. C. Terrified and regretful. D. Struggling and hesitant. 26. What does the author think about solo travel? A. Solo travel success requires luck. B. Fear kills one’s dream of solo travel. C. Bravery makes solo travel possible. D. Solo travel is not suitable for seniors. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. All roads lead to Rome. B. East or west, home is the best. C. One good turn deserves another. D. Fortune always favours the courageous. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在60岁时克服内心恐惧与家庭责任的束缚，最终勇敢开启独自旅行的心路历程。 【24题详解】 原文第一段“That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities—they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper”提到作者多年来一直渴望独自旅行，但家庭、工作和责任压制了她的心声，说明这些事务占据了她生活的大部分，导致她迟迟未能行动。 【25题详解】 原文第四段“Part of me secretly hoped the payment might fail, giving me time to reconsider. But in the moment, I recognized that this combination of excitement and terror...”提到在预订行程时，作者内心充满矛盾，甚至暗自希望付款失败以便重新考虑，这体现了她既挣扎又犹豫的心态。 【26题详解】 结合原文第六段“Courage is less about conquering fear and more about trusting yourself among whatever uncertainty lies ahead. Not only does courage not fade with age, but it can grow richer as a result of our life experience.”以及末段作者决定踏上独自旅行的选择可知，作者认为勇敢是开启独自旅行的前提，让独自旅行得以实现。 【27题详解】 全文围绕作者克服恐惧、勇敢追逐搁置多年的独自旅行梦展开，传递出勇气助人收获向往的人生体验的精神内核，对应选项D“幸运总是眷顾勇敢者”的寓意。 C Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to create a strangely similar experience in thought. You enter a prompt (提示词) that reflects only part of what you mean. The idea may be unclear or incomplete, yet moments later, the LLM returns a paragraph that sharpens your thinking and even lands on an expression that feels surprisingly right: “That’s exactly what I was thinking.” Human thinking typically follows a narrative arc (弧线). Scientists describe the moment when a confusing pattern finally resolves. Writers speak about the satisfaction of finding the right sentence after long revision. Philosophers recall the insight that arrives when a difficult argument settles into place. These moments share a common structure: an unfinished idea moves toward cognitive (认知的) insight. The eventual sense of completion—the aha moment—carries an emotional reward because it follows the effort of thinking. LLMs can reproduce the final moment of that arc with remarkable speed. A prompt that begins as a loose question may return as a polished explanation. The response carries the language of insight, even when the process that normally produces insight never occurred. But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled. When a finished explanation appears with the click of a button, the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there. And when this result feels persuasive, the brain experiences the moment as recognition rather than construction. The sentence LLMs produce seems to capture what we meant to say, and the idea it expresses falls into place with a sense of familiarity. Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice. Keep in mind that none of this requires AI to possess understanding or consciousness. The effect arises from language alone. LLMs produce language that carries the structure of thought, and once that signal appears, the brain quickly fills in the rest. The system behaves less like a companion and more like a mirror, reflecting pieces of our thinking and returning them in expanded form. This is where the deeper and more consequential question begins. For the first time in history, people are interacting with a system that can routinely supply fully expressed ideas in response to incomplete ones. AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language. Yet when the completion feels natural enough, the mind may experience the result as its own thinking. This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels. 28. What can we learn about LLMs from this passage? A. They experience the process of producing insight. B. They generate thoughts through cognitive processes. C. They carry an emotional reward through thinking hard. D. They settle questions by completing patterns in language. 29. What is the cost of AI-assisted thinking? A. Our thoughts may be controlled. B. Our thoughts may be misunderstood. C. Our thinking pattern will be changed. D. Our thinking pattern will be disordered. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards AI-assisted thinking? A. Concerned. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. D. Indifferent. 31. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How AI Enhances the Habits of Thought B. How AI Cuts Short the Journey of Thought C. How AI Builds Up the Process of Thought D. How AI Clouds the Direction of Thought 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了大语言模型（LLMs）如何通过补全语言模式，快速生成看似富有洞见的回答，从而改变了人类思考的体验，并分析了这种快速认知过程带来的潜在代价，引发了关于思考本质的深层担忧。 【28题详解】 根据文章最后两部分的原句“Keep in mind that none of this requires AI to possess understanding or consciousness. The effect arises from language alone... AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language.”可知，LLMs并不具备理解力或意识，也不经历产生洞见的认知过程，它们仅仅通过补全语言模式来解决问题或生成回答。 【29题详解】 根据第四段中的原句“But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift...”以及后文“Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice.”和最后一段的“may change how thinking feels.”可知，AI辅助思考的代价是改变我们自身的认知体验，即我们的思维模式会被潜移默化地改变。 【30题详解】 根据最后一段中的原句“This is where the deeper and more consequential question begins... The moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels.”以及作者使用诸如“cost (代价)”、“strangely similar (奇怪地相似)”、“borrowed if not stolen (借用，甚至是偷窃)”等带有警示意味的词汇可知，作者对AI改变人类思考方式的现象表达了深切的担忧（Concerned）。 【31题详解】 通读全文可知，文章指出人类思考通常需要经历一个从困惑到最终解决的“叙事弧线”，而LLMs能够“以惊人的速度再现这一弧线的最终时刻”（LLMs can reproduce the final moment of that arc with remarkable speed.）。人的大脑在“还没有走过通常通向那里的道路之前，就遇到了推理的终点”（the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there.）。文章核心探讨的正是AI如何跳过了漫长思考过程，直接呈现结果，即“缩短了思考的旅程”。 D Whether it’s donuts, burgers, or ice creams, there are always some people willing to line up for hours to get a taste of the latest food. What these people might not realize, however, is that those treats are even more psychologically rewarding after they’ve waited hours in line. But why do we enjoy things more when we’ve had to suffer for them? It’s a question that’s puzzled neuroscientists for decades, but research published in Nature is throwing light on this phenomenon. This kind of sunk-cost fallacy (谬误) is the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort. It isn’t just a common trap in the business world, it also spreads all over the animal world. Organisms from ants to human beings tend to value those things they had to work for more than those that came easily. It seems counterintuitive (有悖常理的) from an evolutionary view — after all, why would we be hard-wired to put more suffering on ourselves? The answer, according to Shnei, involves our familiar friend dopamine (多巴胺). In an earlier study, Shnei and his colleagues discovered that mice that received a reward after overcoming a challenge released more dopamine compared to those that didn’t suffer for their treat. Now, they’ve added a new piece to the puzzle: according to their latest research, dopamine’s role as a satisfaction signal is even more difficult to understand than previously thought. The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable, explaining the satisfaction we feel after finally getting our hands on that donut we’ve been waiting in line for. But why does this happen in the first place? Shnei has some ideas: in an environment with limited resources, where rewards are often hard to come by, it makes sense to prioritize those that require more effort. Because dopamine strengthens the behavior, it may be that we’re hard-wired to value things more when we’ve suffered for them — even if that suffering was entirely unnecessary. The next time you’re waiting in line for a donut, just remember: it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you. 32. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the “sunk-cost fallacy”? A. Choosing a cheaper but less tasty restaurant. B. Sitting through an expensive but terrible movie. C. Buying a new phone since the old one is out of style. D. Taking a taxi instead of waiting for a never-coming bus. 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. More effort leads to greater reward value. B. Dopamine has no connection with the effort. C. Mice do not experience the sunk-cost fallacy. D. Mice prefer easy rewards over hard-earned ones. 34. What does the author think of waiting in line for a snack? A. The snack’s taste brings real satisfaction. B. The waiting process is of great importance. C. The tasty snack is well worth the long wait. D. The satisfaction comes from one’s brain reaction. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文从人们愿意排长队买食物的现象出发，介绍了“沉没成本谬误”这一心理现象及其与多巴胺的关系。 【32题详解】 第二段指出“sunk-cost fallacy”是“the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort”，B项“花高价看了一场烂电影却坚持看完”符合“因为已经投入了金钱而继续坚持”的定义。 【33题详解】 第三段指出“The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable”，付出的努力越多，释放的多巴胺越多，会让这份回报在主观感受上看起来更有价值。 【34题详解】 最后一段指出“it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you”，说明作者认为排队等待后的满足感来自大脑的反应，而非食物本身。 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Human history could be told as the story of seeing. Each invention that sharpened our vision extended the reach of perception and redrew the borders of the known. When a Dutch craftsman fitted two lenses (镜片) into a tube in 1608, he did not simply enlarge distant objects; he expanded the human mind. From that moment, observation stopped being passive. ____35____ As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality—the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. ____36____ To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. ____37____ The Internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. ____38____ The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. And now, machines have begun to see for us. Satellites watch the weather; neural networks watch the world. They identify patterns invisible to human eyes—the movements of the universe, the signatures of disease, the habits of a city. ____39____ The universe may be infinite, but so too is the human desire to understand what it means to look. A. Seeing is no longer believing. B. The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. C. We no longer merely looked—we searched. D. The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. E. The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F. The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. G. Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. 【答案】35. C 36. D 37. E 38. F 39. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以“观看”为线索，阐述了从望远镜发明到人工智能时代，人类观察方式的演变及其对认知、科学和自我认知的深远影响。 【35题详解】 前文表明望远镜发明之后，观察不再是被动行为。C选项“We no longer merely looked—we searched.”体现人们不再只是单纯观看，而是主动探索，承接上文，引出下文各类观测仪器不断涌现的内容。 【36题详解】 前文说明越来越多观测工具揭开现实世界的不同层面，后文点明看见与认知的关系。D选项“The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy.”说明观看这一行为变成一门学科与一种理念，衔接自然。 【37题详解】 本段介绍互联网时代，人人都可以成为观察者，同时自身也被观察。E选项“The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity.”总起本段，点明互联网将观看变成网络化行为，起到引出下文的作用。 【38题详解】 后文中的“The system”需要在前文有所指代。F选项“The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing.”提出全球视觉系统这一概念，后文的“The system”正好对应这个概念，符合上下文逻辑。 【39题详解】 前文介绍机器代替人类完成观察，能够识别人眼看不见的规律。G选项“Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous.”说明曾经源于好奇心的观察，已经变成持续、全面、自主的行为，起到承上启下的作用。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。 Have you ever thought of changing people’s behaviors by simple efforts? One effective approach is nudge theory. It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental push. A manager might nudge employees to work faster by reminding them that a deadline is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice or action seem more attractive or beneficial than other options. And second, design nudges imply the best option instead of being explicit about it. An experiment in Lisbon, Portugal, provides a good example of a design nudge. The experiment was designed to make crossing the street safer. Instead of waiting for the walk signal, walkers were crossing whenever there was a break in traffic, which could be very dangerous. As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch, which encouraged them to wait before crossing. As a result, the proportion of people who crossed at an unsafe time dropped significantly. There are other examples of nudges designed to promote beneficial choices. Students can be nudged to replace a cycle of negative behavior — such as choosing unhealthy food at lunch — with positive behaviors. Studies show that the majority of people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line. People don’t notice when an effective design nudge pushes them toward a certain action or decision. Businesses may create helpful nudges that benefit both consumers and themselves. For example, an app that provides online services might set a reasonable free-use plan as the default option and hide automatic paid subscriptions in an advanced setting. This protects users from unwanted charges and helps the company gain long-term customer trust. Design nudges are all around us because they are an effective way for designers to promote certain behaviors of people who use the design. 40. What is nudge theory? _________________________________________________________ 41. What change was made in an experiment to ensure safer crossing? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. _________________________________________________________ 43. How can you use the nudge theory in your daily life? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. 41. As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure—something amusing to watch. 42. Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. According to the text, most people more often take the first three foods they see, so schools should put healthier food choices at the front of the line to nudge students to eat better, not at the end. 43. I will put useful books on my desk and hide my mobile phone. Such small changes can nudge me to spend more time reading and studying instead of wasting much time on digital devices. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了助推理论的含义、分类与特点，列举交通、校园、商业等领域的实例，说明了设计助推可以悄悄引导人们做出更有益的行为与选择。 【40题详解】 第一段表明“It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions.”，这句话直接解释了助推理论的含义。因此答案是原文直接信息。 【41题详解】 第三段明确指出“As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure—something amusing to watch.”，介绍了葡萄牙里斯本这个过街安全实验做出的改动。答案几乎是原文引述。 【42题详解】 第四段提到“Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the lunch line.”，原文说明学校应把健康食物放在队伍前部，而陈述里写的是“at the end of the lunch line”，这一处表述错误。答案几乎是原文引述。 【43题详解】 本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中助推理论的核心含义。结合文章内容和自己日常生活场景举例，利用微小改变引导自身行为，合理作答即可。参考答案为：I will put useful books on my desk and hide my mobile phone. Such small changes can nudge me to spend more time reading and studying instead of wasting much time on digital devices. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你与本校外国交换生Jim准备组队参加学校举办的主题为“Technology Meets Chinese Traditional Culture”的创意大赛。请你用英文给Jim发一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的创意设计； 2. 询问Jim的建议。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to team up with you for the “Technology Meets Chinese Traditional Culture” creativity contest. My idea is to design an interactive app that combines AR technology with traditional Chinese paper-cutting art. Users can scan real paper-cuttings with their phones, and the app will bring them to life through 3D animations, telling stories related to the patterns. I believe this can not only showcase the beauty of Chinese paper-cutting but also make it more engaging for modern audiences. However, I’m not sure about the technical feasibility and user experience. What do you think of this idea? Do you have any suggestions to improve it? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：电子邮件，时态以一般现在时为主。 明确要点：提出参赛想法，分享你的创意设计并征求Jim的建议 确定人称：第一人称 I；向对方写信，使用第二人称you 注意事项：词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 [第二步：构思布局] 四段式书信结构 第一段：问候，开门见山，表达能组队参赛的激动心情，点明比赛名称 第二段：介绍自己的创意设计 第三段：阐述这个创意的好处，同时提出自己的顾虑 第四段：征求对方观点，请求给出改进建议，书信结束语 第三步：要点展开 要点一：创意设计 创意：design an interactive app/create an AR mini program/AR Traditional Pattern Try-on App等 功能：scan real paper-cuttings/bring them to life through 3D animations/telling stories related to the patterns/scan shadow puppet pictures/look natural等 要点二：项目价值和个人忧虑 项目价值：not only showcase the beauty of Chinese paper-cutting but also make it more engaging for modern audiences/helps young people know more about shadow puppetry等 个人忧虑：not sure about the technical feasibility and user experience/worry about the running speed on different phones等 要点三：征求意见 核心表达：What do you think of this idea?/Do you have any suggestions to improve it?/Could you give me some advice?等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $