Unit 5 Humans and Nature 语法 (定语从句之关系副词) 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

定语从句之关系副词（when / where / why） 北师大版高中英语 · 必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature 一、核心语法：定语从句之关系副词 本单元的三篇课文——A Sea Story、Professional Rescue Team 和 Race to the Pole——都大量使用定语从句来描写海上风暴、救援现场和极地探险。当先行词是时间、地点或原因名词，且关系词在从句中只作状语、不作主语或宾语时，就要用关系副词 when、where 或 why。 （一）基本结构与判断方法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 例句 when 时间名词 （day, time, year, moment） 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when the huge waves hit our boat. where 地点名词 （place, sea, village, station） 地点状语 Antarctica is a place where winter temperatures can drop below -80℃. why 名词 （ reason） 原因状语 The reason why the team turned back was the thick fog. 判断方法：把先行词“放回”从句里—— ① 从句主谓宾齐全，只缺时间 / 地点 / 原因状语 → 用关系副词； ② 从句缺主语或宾语 → 用关系代词 that / which / who。 例：This is the village where he was born.（he was born in the village，从句完整）＜对比＞This is the village that/which we visited yesterday.（visited 缺宾语，用关系代词） （二）高频用法与易错点 1. 抽象地点名词 + where：先行词是 situation、case、point、atmosphere、environment、activity 等抽象名词，且从句完整时，用 where。The fishermen were in a situation where they could not turn back. 2. why 只修饰 reason：固定句式 The reason why ... is / was that ...（……的原因是……），注意表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because。 3. 关系副词 = 介词 + which：where = in/at which，when = on/in which，why = for which。两者可互换，但介词后面不能用 that，也不能说 on when / in where。 4. that 可代替关系副词，并常省略：This is the house (that) he lived in. = This is the house where he lived. 5. 与强调句区分：It is the house where he lives.（定语从句，where 不能换成 that）＜对比＞It was in 1949 that everything changed.（强调句）。检验方法：去掉 It is / was ... that 后，句子仍然完整的是强调句。 分层练习 Level 1 基础巩固 —— 关系词填空、选择、改错 A. 用 when / where / why 填空。 1. I still remember the day ______ we first saw the huge waves. 2. The village ______ the rescue team arrived was cut off by the flood. 3. This is the reason ______ the captain decided to turn back. 4. Antarctica is a place ______ few people can survive the winter. 5. 1949 was the year ______ new China was founded. 6. The sailors were in a situation ______ they could not call for help. 7. Can you tell me the reason ______ you were late for the drill? 8. We visited the museum ______ the history of polar exploration is shown. 9. I'll never forget the moment ______ we saw the rescue helicopter. 10. A sea story is often set in a place ______ humans fight against nature. B. 每句只有一处错误，请改正。 1. This is the room where I was born in. 2. I still remember the day on when we set out. 3. The reason why he was late was because he missed the bus. 4. Do you remember the days when we spent in the village? 5. That's the best film which I have seen this year. Level 2 综合运用 —— 把下列每组句子合并为含关系副词的定语从句 1. We will never forget the day. We saw the sunrise over the Antarctic ice shelf on that day. 2. The fishermen reached a small island. On the island they found fresh water and some food. 3. The ship could not enter the harbour because of the thick fog. That was the reason. 4. We visited a village. The rescue team had saved twenty people in the village. 5. 1949 was a year. Great changes took place in that year. 6. The storm put the sailors in a dangerous situation. In that situation they could not call for help. 7. We got caught in the rain on our way home. Do you remember the time? 8. He is always ready to help others. That is the reason. Level 3 综合写作 写一段 80–100 词短文，讲述一次你难忘的“人与自然”的经历（海上遇险、台风中的救援、登山避险均可）。至少使用 6 个定语从句，其中必须包含 2 个关系副词引导的定语从句。参考开头：I'll never forget the day when ... 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 —— A Rescue in the Dark At 2 a.m. on a stormy night in June, the drilling ship Tantan 225 received an urgent call: five fishermen were trapped on a small boat about 13 miles away. The boat's engine had died, and the men had been drifting on the dark sea for nearly twelve hours. The sea was rough. Waves crashed against the ship as it slowly approached the drifting boat. “One wrong move, and both boats could be pulled under,” the captain later said. For two hours, the crew worked carefully, throwing ropes and guiding the fishermen one by one across the water. By 4 a.m., all five men were safe. Cold and tired, they drank hot water and thanked the crew again and again. “You came in the middle of the night, in such weather,” one fisherman said. “We will never forget the night when we saw your lights on the sea.” The rescue team then returned to work as if nothing had happened. For them, saving lives at sea is not heroism — it is simply their job. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Death of a Small Boat B. A Rescue in the Dark C. A Night's Work on a Drilling Ship D. Five Lucky Fishermen 2. How long had the fishermen been trapped before the rescue? A. About two hours. B. About twelve hours. C. About four hours. D. A whole day. 3. The underlined word “drifting” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. moving slowly with the water B. waiting for help quietly C. calling for help loudly D. sinking into the sea 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The whole rescue took less than an hour. B. The fishermen climbed onto the ship by themselves. C. All five fishermen were saved that night. D. The crew stopped working after the rescue. 5. By saying “saving lives at sea is not heroism — it is simply their job”, the writer wants to show that ______. A. the crew do not like their job B. rescue work is nothing special C. the crew take their duty seriously D. fishermen should not go out to sea B. 七选五 —— Why Explore Antarctica? 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Antarctica is the coldest, windiest place on Earth. 1.______ Yet every year, thousands of scientists travel there to live and work. The answer lies in what Antarctica can teach us. Ice samples from deep underground record the Earth's climate going back hundreds of thousands of years. 2.______ Scientists can also study the Southern Ocean and its rich wildlife. Antarctica is also a place for testing human limits. 3.______ Working in such conditions requires careful preparation, teamwork and a calm mind in danger. But perhaps the greatest lesson Antarctica offers is humility. 4.______ People do not conquer nature; they learn to live with its rules. For the young scientists at China's Qinling Station, the long polar night is not frightening. 5.______ A. Winter temperatures there can fall below -80℃. B. It is home to thousands of polar bears and penguins. C. By studying the ice, scientists can learn how the climate has changed. D. Travel between the stations often takes days rather than hours. E. There, even a simple walk outside can become dangerous. F. It reminds us how small we are compared with the power of nature. G. They see it as the price of standing where few people have ever stood. C. 完形填空 —— The White Darkness（记叙文） 先通读短文，掌握大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When Li Ming first arrived at the Antarctic station, everything around him was white — the ice, the sky, even the endless snowcovered land. The old scientist, Dr. Wang, smiled at his 1.______ “Enjoy this peaceful sight now,” he said. “Wait until you meet your first storm. Then you will 2.______ the real Antarctica.” Three weeks later, the storm hit. Li Ming was collecting ice samples outdoors when the wind rose suddenly. Within minutes, driving snow blurred everything, and the whole world 3.______ white. He could barely see two steps ahead. He reached for his radio, but it did not 4.______ — extreme cold had destroyed the battery. Dr. Wang’s words from field training came 5.______ to him: “Stay where you are!” Li Ming began to dig a shelter in the snow, just as they had 6.______ His hands were 7.______ cold that he could hardly hold his tool. Exhaustion swept over him, and he felt like giving up. Yet he kept thinking of the team 8.______ for him back at the station, and forced himself to go on digging. Hours passed. A faint sound cut 9.______ the howling wind — a snowmobile(雪地机车）! Dr. Wang had followed the guide rope 10.______ the station to the sample site. Safe inside the warm station, Li Ming held a cup of hot water, his hands still shaking. “The ice offers us valuable secrets,” Dr. Wang said 11.______, “but it demands our respect.” That night Li Ming wrote in his diary: “I travelled here to 12.______ the Antarctic ice. Today I learned a hard lesson. Nature is breathtakingly beautiful, yet it will never forgive 13.______ Those who 14.______ it will gain its gifts; those who challenge it may 15.______ their lives.” 1 A.surprise B.doubt C.worry D.disappointment 2 A.recognize B.save C.change D.miss 3 A.turned B.remained C.appeared D.stayed 4 A.respond B.work C.serve D.matter 5 A.over B.up C.back D.down 6 A.practised B.promised C.witnessed D.observed 7 A.too B.very C.so D.quite 8 A.longing B.searching C.waiting D.preparing 9 A.across B.through C.along D.against 10 A.linking B.connecting C.leading D.stretching 11 A.calmly B.loudly C.excitedly D.anxiously 12 A.study B.explore C.test D.observe 13 A.weakness B.ignorance C.carelessness D.fear 14 A.honour B.follow C.appreciate D.understand 15 A.lose B.risk C.waste D.end D. 语法填空 —— A Rescue Team's Night 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Early one morning in June, the drilling ship Tantan 225 received an urgent call: five fishermen were trapped on 1.______ small boat about 13 miles away. The boat's engine had died, and the men 2.______ (drift) on the dark sea for nearly twelve hours. The captain knew 3.______ the first hour could mean the difference between life and death. The waves were high, but he decided 4.______ (go). “We can't leave them out there,” he said 5.______ (firm). For two hours, the crew worked with great 6.______ (careful). By 4 a.m., all five men were out of 7.______ (dangerous) and safe at last. They were cold but 8.______ (excite). “We'll never forget the night 9.______ we saw your lights on the sea,” one of 10.______ said. 参考答案与解析 Level 1 A. 1 when 2 where 3 why 4 where 5 when 6 where 7 why 8 where 9 when 10 where B. 改错 1. 去掉 in（where 本身相当于 in which，再加 in 语义重复） 2. when → which（介词后不可用 when 或 that，只能用 which） 3. because → that（The reason why ... is that ... 为固定句式） 4. when → that / which（spent 为及物动词，从句缺宾语，应用关系代词） 5. which → that（先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，关系代词只能用 that） Level 2 1. We will never forget the day when we saw the sunrise over the Antarctic ice shelf. 2. The fishermen reached a small island where they found fresh water and some food. 3. The reason why the ship could not enter the harbour was the thick fog. 4. We visited a village where the rescue team had saved twenty people. 5. 1949 was a year when great changes took place. 6. The storm put the sailors in a dangerous situation where they could not call for help. 7. Do you remember the time when we got caught in the rain on our way home? 8. That is the reason why he is always ready to help others. Level 3 参考范文 I'll never forget the day when our boat was caught in a sudden storm. The sea, which had been calm in the morning, became angry within minutes. My uncle, who has twenty years of experience at sea, told us to put on life jackets. The reason why I stayed calm was the trust I had in him. Waves that were three metres high hit our boat again and again. At the moment when I felt most frightened, I saw a light on the shore that gave us hope. Finally we reached a small bay where fishermen were waiting for us. That night I learned that nature, which gives us so much, also demands our respect. 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 A Rescue in the Dark 答案：1—5 B B A C C 第1题：B。主旨大意题。全文围绕“深夜海上营救五名渔民”展开：第1段交代险情，第2段描述救援过程，第3段写获救，第4段点出救援精神。干扰项分析：A 只抓“小船发动机坏了”这一细节；C 把背景（钻井船夜班工作）当成主题；D “幸运的渔民”没有体现救援过程与主题。 第2题：B。细节理解题。第1段原句 “the men had been drifting on the dark sea for nearly twelve hours” 直接对应；A 的 two hours 是救援作业时长，属张冠李戴。 第3题：A。词义猜测题。上文说发动机坏了（engine had died），船只能“随水漂流”；下文救援船靠近的也是 the drifting boat。能在水上缓慢移动的状态只能是 moving slowly with the water。 第4题：C。细节判断题。第2段 “guiding the fishermen one by one” 和第3段 “all five men were safe” 对应 C。干扰项分析：A 与 “For two hours” 矛盾；B 与船员用绳索引导矛盾；D 与末段 “returned to work as if nothing had happened” 矛盾。 第5题：C。推理判断题。破折号后 “it is simply their job” 说明船员把救人视为职责所在，即认真履行职责。干扰项分析：B “救援没什么特别” 曲解原意——作者恰恰是要赞美这种把英雄行为当日常职责的精神。 第二部分 B. 七选五 答案：1—5 A C E F G（多余选项：B、D） 1. A。空格前说“南极洲是地球上最冷、风最大的地方”，A 项“冬季气温可降至零下80℃以下”进一步说明其严酷，与下文 “Yet every year, thousands of scientists travel there” 形成转折。 2. C。空格前讲“地下冰样记录了地球数十万年的气候历史”，C 项“通过研究冰层，科学家可以了解气候如何变化”承接自然；下文 “Scientists can also study...” 中的 also 提示前文已经讲了一项研究内容。 3. E。空格前说“南极洲也是检验人类极限的地方”，E 项“在那里，即使一次简单的外出也可能变得危险”解释了“检验极限”的具体含义，引出下文“在这种条件下工作需要精心准备、团队合作和冷静的心态”。 4. F。空格前讲“南极洲给我们上的最重要的一课是谦卑”，F 项“它提醒我们，与大自然的力量相比，人类是多么渺小”与下文“人类无法征服自然，只能学会遵循它的法则”紧密衔接。 5. G。空格前说“对秦岭站的年轻科学家来说，漫长的极夜并不可怕”，G 项“他们把它视为站在极少数人曾到过的地方所付出的代价”中 They 指代 young scientists，it 指代 the long polar night，指代关系完整。 干扰项分析：B 项“它是数千只北极熊和企鹅的家园”——常识性错误（北极熊生活在北极），且与上下文“严酷环境”话题断裂；D 项“站与站之间的旅行往往以天计算”——全文未提及站点间交通，无任何衔接线索。 第二部分 C. 完形填空 参考答案 15：A A A B C 610：A C C B C 1115：A A C A B 1. A. surprise 线索：刚抵达南极，目之所及全是白茫茫冰雪，眼前奇异景象让李明内心充满惊讶。doubt 怀疑；worry 担忧；disappointment 失望。文中没有体现怀疑、担忧、失望的铺垫，故排除。 2. A. recognize线索：王博士说：好好欣赏此刻平静的景色，等经历暴风雪，你就会见识、认清真正的南极。recognize 此处意为 “认清，见识到”。save 拯救；change 改变；miss 错过，语义均不符合语境。 3. A. turned线索：狂风大雪袭来之后，整个世界变得白茫茫一片。turn 表示外界条件发生变化后呈现某种状态。remained /stayed：保持（原本就有的状态），风雪到来之后才变成一片混沌，不是一直如此；appeared：看上去，侧重主观视觉感受；本句强调暴风雪带来客观环境变化，turned 更贴合情节。 4. B. work线索：低温毁坏电池，收音机无法正常工作。sth doesn’t work 某物失灵、不工作，高频固定表达。respond 回应；serve 服务；matter 要紧；收音机不是不会 “回应”，而是设备本身失效。 5. C. back固定搭配：come back to sb （话语、记忆）涌上某人的心头。 线索：危急时刻，野外训练时王博士的话回想在耳边。come over 过来；come up 被提出；come down 下降，均不符合记忆浮现的语境。 6. A. practised线索：李明在雪地里挖掘避险掩体，正如之前培训时演练、练习过的那样。promised 承诺；witnessed 目击；observed 观察；培训中是动手实操演练，不是承诺、旁观、观察。 7. C. so固定句型：so…that… 如此…… 以至于……。句意：他的手冻得如此厉害，几乎握不住工具。too 搭配是 too…to…（太…… 而不能）；very /quite 不能引导 that 结果从句。 8. C. waiting线索：他想到站里的团队正在等候他，于是咬牙坚持。wait for 等候，固定搭配。 longing for 渴望；searching for 搜寻（此时团队还不知道他确切位置，没有正在搜寻的动作）；preparing for 为…… 做准备，语义不通。 9. B. through固定搭配：cut through 穿透（声音冲破狂风）。a sound cut through the wind 声响穿透呼啸的狂风。across 横跨平面；along 沿着；against 对抗，不能表达声音穿透风声。 10. C. leading线索：王博士沿着导向绳，这条绳子从科考站通向取样地点。lead 通向，通往。 link /connect 连接；常用搭配 link A to B；本空现在分词修饰 rope，指绳索的走向 “通向某地”，leading 表现力最佳；stretching 延伸，后面一般接地点状语 from…to…，本处语法搭配不合适。 11. A. calmly线索：险情已经解除，王博士说出关于敬畏自然的一番道理，语气是平静沉稳的。 loudly 大声地；excitedly 激动地；anxiously 焦虑地；危机已经过去，不存在激动、焦虑、大声说话的语境。 12. A. study线索：我来到这里，目的是研究南极冰层，对应前文 collect ice samples 采集冰样，科考研究。explore 探索；test 测试；observe 观察；文中身份是科研人员，核心动作是 study 科学研究。 13. C. carelessness线索：全文主旨：大自然美丽，但绝不宽恕人的粗心大意。野外遇险往往源于人的疏忽，和后文 “要敬畏自然” 呼应。 weakness 弱点；ignorance 无知；fear 恐惧；文章侧重不要马虎轻率，不是批判无知或者恐惧。 14. A. honour此处动词：敬重、尊崇。句意：懂得敬重自然的人，才会得到自然的馈赠。对应上文 demand our respect 需要我们的敬畏。follow 跟随；appreciate 欣赏；understand 理解；honour = show respect to，和文中 respect 主题词精准呼应。 15. B. risk句意：而那些向自然发起挑战、对抗自然的人，则可能冒着…… 的风险。risk one’s lives 冒生命危险。lose one’s lives 丢掉性命，语义过重；文章表达 “有丧命风险”，不是一定会死；waste 浪费；end 终结，搭配语义不当。 第二部分 D. 语法填空 题号 答案 考点（词性） 解析 1 a 冠词 泛指“一艘小船”，small 以辅音音素开头 → a。 2 had drifted 谓语动词（过去完成时） 发动机失灵在先、漂流近 12 小时，表示“过去的过去”持续到救援时 → had drifted（had been drifting 亦可）。 3 that 从属连词（宾语从句） knew 后接宾语从句，从句完整不缺成分，用 that 连接（that 可省略，但填 that 最稳妥）。 4 to go 非谓语动词 （不定式） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 → to go。 5 firmly 副词 修饰动词 said 用副词；firm → firmly。 6 care 名词（词性转换） with great care 非常小心；careful → care。 7 danger 名词（词性转换） out of danger 脱离危险；dangerous → danger。 8 excited 形容词 -ed 形容词描述人的感受“感到激动的”，与 cold 并列作表语；exciting 用于物。 9 when 关系副词（本学案语法重点） 先行词 the night 表时间，从句 “we saw your lights on the sea” 完整 → when。 10 them 代词（宾格） one of + 代词宾格 → them，指代 the fishermen。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $