Welcome unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦五大基本句型，从词性分类切入，通过中英文句子成分对比分析，系统讲解主语、谓语等核心成分，搭建“词性-成分-句型”的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握简单句结构。 其亮点在于结合实例解析与记忆口诀，如系动词“Be的一张脸，看似变不变”，强化语言能力培养，通过双宾与宾补结构对比提升思维品质，配套练习巩固句型分析能力。学生能夯实语法基础，教师可高效开展句型教学。

1 五大基本句型 Simple Sentences How do you express your ideas, by sentences or words? word sentence passage What makes a sentence? 什么是句子？ 由词按照一定语法结构组成，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位。（构成句子主干的核心部分是主语和谓语） 句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有(．？ ！) (1) I need three things for the trip: a/A map, a bottle of water and a hat. (2) The library is quiet; Many students study there. （×） 中英文对比差异 中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。 相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状 不同点：句序不一样 英文：I had breakfast on Sunday morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 句子包括哪些成分？ subject 主语 predicate谓语 object 宾语 complement 补语 predicative 表语 adverbial 状语 indirect object间接宾语（人） direct object直接宾语（物） attribute 定语 动作发出者 主语发出的动作，常由动词充当 动作的承受者 给名词或代词“化妆”，修饰它 给动词 “配景”，说明时间、地点、方式等 系动词后面的成分，表明主语性质、特征、状态 补充说明宾语/主语 Members of a sentence: Think and talk The car runs fast. She is kind. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. To see is to believe. What we need is time. 名词 动名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 主语从句 主语 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。 Members of a sentence: Think and talk  He reads a book.  The boy likes English.  The river flows.  The sun rises. 及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 谓语（动词） 谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。 复习：Kinds of Verbs 动词的种类 1. 实义动词：及物动词，不及物动词 2. 助动词：be, do, does, did, have, has, will, shall... 3. 情态动词 : can, may, must, need, should ... 4. 连系动词: be, look,sound, smell, taste, feel, keep... Members of a sentence: Think and talk 系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。  I am happy.  The day turns long.  He gets angry.  He seems ill. 系动词 常见的系动词记忆口诀： Be 的 一张脸， 看似 变 不变 am is are (was/were) look feel smell taste sound seem appear become turn get grow go keep remain stay stand 感官 状态 变化 持续 Members of a sentence: Think and talk 宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。  He reads a book.  He loves her.  He wants three.  He likes swimming.  She wants to fly.  He waits for the chance.  He bought her a coat. 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 her：间接宾语；a coat：直接宾语 名词 (介宾) 宾语（跟在动词或介词后面） Members of a sentence: Think and talk 表语 (P-predicative)：用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。  She is a doctor.  The cloth feels soft.  His favorite sport is running.  Your task is to find out the cost.  The helper is him.  The lucky number in China is eight.  She is in the room. 名词 形容词 动名词 代词 不定式 数词 介词短语 表语 Members of a sentence: Think and talk 定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。  a nice girl  three cups  something to eat  a sleeping baby  the burnt food  a cat in the room  a shoe shop 形容词 现在分词 名词 不定式 数词 介词短语 过去分词 定语(限定修饰) Members of a sentence: Think and talk 状语 (adverbial): 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当。  walk slowly  very good  quite well  He has lived there for ten years. 状语 Members of a sentence: Think and talk 宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。  She encouraged her students to study hard.  He gets the floor clean.  He saw a bird flying over his head.  She thinks him a good teacher. 宾补 Members of a sentence: Think and talk What is a sentence made up of? S (subject) V (verb) O (object) P (predicative) A (adverbial) DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) C (object complement) 6 The sun rises. I brush my teeth. I am hungry. Mom gives me breakfast. It makes me happy！ 哪五大基本句型？ 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 3.主系表 4.主谓宾 宾 5.主谓宾 宾补 7 1.主+谓(vi.) ➢ 主语 动作发出者，名词（短语）、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。 ➢ 谓语 主语发出的动作，动词（短语）充当。 Eg. You jump, I jump. 8 1.主+谓(vi.) S（主） vi（谓） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. Everybody 5. I flies. rose. cooked. laughed. woke. 1.此句型谓动能表达完整的意思，叫不及物动词（vi.）。 及物动词(vt)：后面直接接宾语的动词； 不及物动词(vi)：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。 10 2.主+谓(vt.)+宾 eg. We love Miss Yang. 此句型谓动不能表达完整意思，必须接个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整，这类动词叫及物动词(vt.)。后面可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等修饰（主+谓(vi.)+状） S vt.(谓) O (宾语) 1. I wrote a letter 2. He understands English. 3. They cleaned our classroom. ➢宾语 动作的承受者，名词（短语）、代词、不定式、动名词或从句来充当。 14 ➢系动词： 联系动词，联系主语和表语 ➢表语： 表明主语特征，类属，状态，身份等 3.主+系+表 Miss Yang is a teacher. Miss Yang looks energetic. Smelly tofu smells smelly. 系动词本身不能表达完整意义，要形容词、名词、介词短语作表语等来补充说明主语。 19 eg. Knowledge gives me power. 4.主+谓+间宾(人）+直宾（物） 主 + 谓（vt）+间宾（人）+直宾（事物） eg. She asked me the question. I told him the answer. give me power = give power to me 若要先说出直宾(事物)，后说间宾(人)，要借助介词to/for (都承接主语的动作， 一个动作有两个对象) 21 5.主+谓+宾+宾补（与宾语有关） eg. Miss Yang makes me happy. 除谓语(vt.)本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个词来补充说明宾语，才能表达完整意思。 22 区分 主+谓+间宾 +直宾和主+谓+宾+宾补结构 I give him a book. 间宾 直宾 双宾结构中一个动作有两个承接对象。与谓语有关 We elected him our monitor. 宾补（用来补充说明him的身份） 宾补只跟宾语有关 There be 句型 “有什么东西，在什么地方” be动词后面的名词才是真正的主语 结构：There be + 主语（名词）+地点/时间 There is/was + 单数n./不可数n. There are/were + 复数n. 主谓一致 就近原则 当主语是“名词A+and+名词B”时，be动词由“离它最近的名词（主语的一部分）”决定单复数 There be 句型 There is a book and two pens on the desk. There are two pens and a book on the desk. Study the sentence structures All of us laughed! I miss my grandma. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told us a funny story. S S S S V V O V P IO DO linking verb Study the sentence structures I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. He talked too much. I had my first maths class at senior high school. There’s a lot to explore at senior high. S S S V V V O O C A A there be Study the sentence structures Read the sentences and analyse the structures. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. We must act. The maths homework looks easy. The teacher found the classroom empty. S V A S V S P S V O C linking verb Practise My mum bought me a new dictionary. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. There is an English Corner at our school. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S V IO DO S V O there be S V O A Read the sentences and analyse the structures. Practise 31 Thank you ! $