精品解析：北京市朝阳区青苗学校2026 -2027学年第一学期高三年级入学定位测试英语试卷

2026 — 2027 学年第一学期 高三年级 入学定位测试 英语试卷 时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A pair of birds showed me the meaning of home I’ve never had much of a sense of home. By the age of 21, I’d moved house roughly 20 times. I thought it was my lot (命运) to never feel “at home” anywhere. That is, until a pair of robins ____1____ in my back garden one spring a few years ago. My wife and I had recently moved to a town in the U.K. Our house was old and needed many repairs. But the robins that arrived that spring clearly ____2____ something in our broken - down home that I didn’t. Each morning, I watched with fascination as they flew above the garden, looking for bugs and collecting twigs (树枝). However, it was also nerve - racking: the robins had chosen to nest low, well within ____3____ of a curious cat’s paw. Cats kill around 2.4 billion birds in the U.S. I’d heard this from an American ornithologist (鸟类学家) friend who had been part of the fight to save the Po’ouli, an endangered bird species. I found myself becoming as ____4____ of the nesting robins. I relocated my desk to overlook the garden and started leaving food on the patio. I ____5____ carefully for the robins’ alarm calls. When I caught the neighborhood tomcat looking around, I bought a water gun and kept it loaded next to the back door. I had somehow become a full - time security detail (警卫队) for the pair of birds. One morning, I ____6____ to the sound of the robins’ alarm calls and saw them flutter away. The tomcat had found their nest. I was surprised by how ____7____ this made me. To be honest, I was devastated (伤心欲绝). Something else happened while I guarded these birds. Watching them build their home left me feeling ____8____ about my own. Home, I began to see, wasn’t just a stepping - stone, but a place I needed to be actively building. If I ever hoped to feel a sense of ____9____, I needed to put effort into making a place my own. This wasn’t anything I realized I ____10____ until I met those robins. The birds, meanwhile, undoubtedly started building a new nest somewhere else. Only hopefully a little higher up. 1. A. appeared B. survived C. returned D. gathered 2. A. remembered B. saw C. faced D. checked 3. A. control B. hold C. touch D. reach 4. A. protective B. certain C. supportive D. aware 5. A. cared B. waited C. listened D. hoped 6. A. turned B. reacted C. woke D. rushed 7. A. confused B. upset C. curious D. disappointed 8. A. clearly B. surely C. deeply D. differently 9. A. belonging B. responsibility C. pride D. connection 10. A. loved B. wanted C. deserved D. recognized 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了自幼频繁搬家、毫无归属感的作者，在守护后院筑巢的知更鸟过程中，领悟到归属感需主动用心经营才能拥有。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到几年前的一个春天，一对知更鸟出现在我的后花园。A. appeared出现，显现；B. survived幸存，存活；C. returned返回，归还；D. gathered聚集，集合。根据前文“By the age of 21, I’d moved house roughly 20 times.”提到作者 21岁前搬了约 20 次家，认定自己注定没有归属感，此处用 until转折，引出改变人生的契机 —— 一对知更鸟首次出现在后院。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是那年春天来的知更鸟显然在我们破旧的家里看到了一些我没有看到的东西。A. remembered记得；B. saw看见，发现；C. faced面对，面临；D. checked检查，核对。根据下文“…something in our broken - down home that I didn’t”可知，作者只看到房子破旧需要修缮，而知更鸟主动来此筑巢，说明它们在这个破败的家里发现了适合栖息的价值。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，这过程也令人紧张：这些知更鸟选择低空筑巢，离一只好奇猫咪的爪子仅咫尺之遥。A. control控制；B. hold握住，持有；C. touch触摸，接触；D. reach伸手可及的距离，范围。根据下文“a curious cat’s paw”可知，此处指知更鸟把巢筑得很低，正好在好奇的猫爪可触及的范围内，固定搭配within reach of sb./sth.意为“在……可触及的范围内”。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我发现自己对这些筑巢的知更鸟产生了强烈的保护欲。A. protective保护的，防护的；B. certain确定的，肯定的；C. supportive支持的，支援的；D. aware意识到的，知道的。根据前文“Cats kill around 2.4 billion birds in the U.S.”提到猫每年捕杀大量鸟类的事实，以及后文“I relocated my desk to overlook the garden and started leaving food on the patio.”作者接连做出挪书桌、留食物、备水枪赶猫等行为，都体现出作者对筑巢的知更鸟产生了强烈的保护欲。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：我仔细听着知更鸟的警报声。A. cared关心，照顾；B. waited等待；C. listened听，倾听；D. hoped希望。根据下文“the robins’ alarm calls”可知，此处指作者仔细留意知更鸟的警报声，符合保护者的状态。listen for为固定搭配，意为“留心倾听、静候（声音）”。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：一天早上，我被知更鸟的叫声唤醒，看到它们扑腾着飞走了。A. turned转动，转向；B. reacted反应，回应；C. woke醒来，唤醒；D. rushed冲，奔。根据上文“One morning”以及下文“…to the sound of the robins’ alarm calls”可知，作者被知更鸟急促的警报声突然吵醒。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我很惊讶这件事让我如此沮丧。A. confused困惑的；B. upset心烦的，难过的；C. curious好奇的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文“I was devastated”可知，作者伤心欲绝，说明猫找到鸟巢这件事让作者非常难过。 【8题详解】 考查副词。句意：看着他们建造自己的家，我对自己的家产生了不同的感觉。A. clearly清晰地；B. surely肯定，无疑；C. deeply深刻地，深深地；D. differently不同地。根据下文“Home, I began to see, wasn’t just a stepping-stone”可知，作者认为家只是人生的“垫脚石”，没有归属感；在观察知更鸟筑巢的过程中，作者对“家”的认知发生了本质转变，也就是感受变得不一样了。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果我真希望感受到归属感，就必须努力让这个空间成为属于自己的。 A. belonging归属，所属；B. responsibility责任，职责；C. pride骄傲，自豪；D. connection联系，连接。根据上文“I’ve never had much of a sense of home.”可知，文章开篇点明核心话题“归属感”，此处升华主旨。为固定表达sense of belonging 意为“归属感”，与全文主题完全呼应。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到遇见那些知更鸟之前，我从未意识到自己真正想要的是什么。A. loved热爱，喜爱；B. wanted想要，渴望；C. deserved应得，值得；D. recognized认出，识别。根据下文“until I met those robins”可知，作者此前辗转搬家，默认自己“注定没有归属感”，直到守护知更鸟的过程中才明白，这份归属感是自己内心一直渴望、想要的东西。 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Christmas was near. I walked away from my school and followed the worn path through the trees onto the street ____11____ Cole’s grocery store stood. In my pocket was a collection of coins and bills I ____12____ (earn) the summer before. Cars ran down the street as I opened the door to the store. The noise of the cars disappeared when the door closed behind me. I was a kid who felt out of place and on a mission. For the first time, I was going to buy a Christmas gift ____13____ my mum and dad. 【答案】11. where 12. had earned 13. for 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了圣诞节临近时，作者带着自己之前暑假赚的钱，打算去商店给父母买圣诞礼物的经历。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我离开学校，沿着林间那条被踩得很旧的小路走到科尔杂货店所在的街道上。先行词为the street，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词表示地点，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词用where。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我的口袋里装着我前一个夏天赚的一堆硬币和纸币。定语从句修饰先行词a collection of coins and bills，主句的谓语was为一般过去时，而“赚钱”这个动作发生在“口袋里装着钱”这个过去的动作之前，属于“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时had done结构。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是我第一次打算给我的爸爸妈妈买一份圣诞礼物。固定搭配buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”，符合语境，需要填入介词for。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 According to a study, dolphins have displayed certain characteristics of human conversation in their communication. Two dolphins, Yana and Yasha, ____14____ (study) as they communicated with each other. Researchers found that they would stop talking in order to listen to ____15____ the other had to “say”, just like a conversation between two humans. Dolphins have been known to be one of ____16____ (clever) animals in the world. We have researched dolphins for decades, but this new evidence on their communication patterns is one of the most exciting. 【答案】14. were studied 15. what 16. the cleverest 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍一项研究，发现海豚交流具备人类对话的特点，这类新证据十分有价值。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：两只海豚Yana和Yasha在互相交流时被研究。空处作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且主语Two dolphins与study之间为被动关系， 所以选用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以填were studied。 【15题详解】 考查连接词。句意：研究人员发现它们会停止发声，来倾听对方必须“说”的内容，就像两个人之间的对话。listen to后接宾语从句，从句中缺少say的宾语，表示“……的内容”，用what引导宾语从句。 【16题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：海豚被认为是世界上最聪明的动物之一。固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，clever意为“聪明的”，最高级形式为cleverest，且最高级前需加定冠词the，所以填the cleverest。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world heritage site ____17____ (locate) in Gansu Province, Northwest China. In 2016, the first phase of the Digital Dunhuang resource database went online. Now people from all over the world can enjoy high-definition images and panoramic (全景的) tours of 30 caves on the Digital Dunhuang website. Digital Dunhuang integrates all kinds of data, ____18____ (consist) of videos, 3D data, pictures and others, into digital images that can be shared globally over the Internet. Although the Digital Dunhuang project has a long way ____19____ (go), it has significant meaning to ____20____ (culture) heritage protection. 【答案】17. located 18. consisting 19. to go 20. cultural 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了“数字敦煌”项目的基本情况，包括敦煌莫高窟的地理位置、数字敦煌资源库的上线与功能、项目的数据构成，以及该项目对文化遗产保护的重要意义。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：敦煌莫高窟是位于中国西北部甘肃省的一处世界遗产地。locate与world heritage site是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作定语。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：数字敦煌整合了由视频、3D数据、图片等内容组成的各类数据，将其转化为可通过互联网全球共享的数字影像。句中有谓语动词integrates，提示词consist是动词，其前无并列连词，要变成非谓语动词；_________ (consist) of videos, 3D data, pictures and others作非限制性定语修饰all kinds of data，consist和all kinds of data之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，要填现在分词consisting表示主动含义。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管数字敦煌项目还有很长的路要走，但它对文化遗产保护有着重要意义。句中谓语动词has是have的第三人称单数形式，have/has a long way to go是固定结构，表示“有很长的路要走”，要填动词不定式to go作后置定语修饰way。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管数字敦煌项目还有很长的路要走，但它对文化遗产保护有着重要意义。所填词作定语修饰名词短语heritage protection，要将名词culture变成形容词cultural。 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38 分) 第一节 (共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Programme dates Session A: 2027.06.25 — 2027.08.05 (6 weeks) Session B: 2027.08.06 — 2027.09.16 (6 weeks) Application Deadline: Session A 2027.04.15 Session B 2027.05.15 Why UCLA  One of the world’s most prestigious universities  Highly trained & friendly instructors  Studying with students from around the world  Transcript (成绩单) for transferable credit  On - campus activities — fitness center, swimming pools & tennis courts  Los Angeles — an exciting city with entertainment, museums, beaches, and mountains Program Highlight  Academic Courses Choose from UCLA undergraduate courses in more than 1,000 subjects, including arts, engineering, film and TV, management, political science and more. All UCLA Summer courses are university-level courses. Beginning in January, a complete schedule of summer courses and descriptions is available online at https://sa.ucla.edu/ro/public/soc. Most UCLA Summer courses offer four units of credit, but some may offer two, three or five units as well. International students are required to enroll in a minimum of eight units per session, which means two or three courses.  Course Prerequisites (必备条件) Some UCLA Summer Sessions courses have prerequisites that are indicated in the course description. Please make sure that you have experience comparable to the listed course prerequisites.  Grade Reports & Transcripts Students are issued an official UCLA transcript upon completion. All grades earned in Summer Sessions become part of your official UCLA transcript, which shows all course work completed at UCLA. Fee information Fees: 7980 for home stay housing or 8500 — 9100 Residence Hall for Residence Hall housing, Including Application fee, Campus fee, Registration fee, 8 units fee(360/unit), Pre-arrival online orientation fee, Housing (Homestay with 14 meals per week, or Residence Hall with 15 meals per week), Health Insurance, Airport pickup, Visa counseling, and Management fee. Admission Requirements  Copy of passport  Scores of TOEFL IBT 79 or IELTS 6.5, or CET - 6490, or the equivalent  University transcript with a grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 on a 4-point scale or the equivalent  List of courses the student wants to take  Financial certification Requires F-1 visa 21. What makes the UCLA Summer School attractive? A. high quality teaching B. staff from around the world C. free visits to the city museums D. on and off - campus sports facilities 22. What should students be aware of when choosing courses? A. Students can access the course schedule before January. B. International students need to attend at least two courses. C. All UCLA Summer courses have certain prerequisites. D. UCLA transcript does not show all the grades earned. 23. To apply for the UCLA Summer School, one must ________. A. apply before April 15th, 2027 B. pay $7980 for homestay housing C. have an overseas study experience D. possess a financial certification 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍 UCLA 暑期项目，包含两期时间、课程特色、费用与申请条件，课程可获学分，国际学生需满足语言、GPA 并提交资金证明。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Why UCLA部分“Highly trained & friendly instructors(训练有素且亲切友好的讲师)”可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校暑期学校吸引人的地方是高质量的教学。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Program Highlight部分“International students are required to enroll in a minimum of eight units per session, which means two or three courses.(国际学生每学期至少需注册八学分，即两到三门课程)”可知，学生在选课时应注意国际学生至少需要修读两门课程。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Admission Requirements部分“Financial certification(财务证明)”可知，申请加州大学洛杉矶分校暑期学校，必须持有财务证明。 B The Damaged Arecibo Telescope Meets an Untimely End Arecibo, a giant radio observatory in Puerto Rico, was forced to stop operations this year due to irreparable damage. Officials now believe that it is beyond repair and will be torn down instead of being fixed. The trouble began in August when a heavy metal support cable unexpectedly slipped out of its socket (底座) and crashed into the 1,000-foot-wide radio dish. The cable, installed in the 1990s, was considered fairly new for an observatory that began operations in 1963, and the incident confounded (使惊异) the staff at Arecibo. Officials were hopeful they could repair the damage and outlined a plan. However, just days before engineers were scheduled to try to stabilize the telescope, another piece of hardware came smashing into the dish. A main cable, one of the originals installed when the observatory was built, had broken, causing even more damage. Although engineers had recently inspected the cable and noted some torn exterior wires, they believed it could still hold. Ralph Gaume, the director of the astronomy division at the National Science Foundation, revealed that the Arecibo Observatory faces an “uncontrolled catastrophic collapse.” The structure is so unsteady that it’s too dangerous for engineers to inspect it up close, as any attempts to stabilize or test the cables could accelerate the catastrophic failure. Engineers fear that more cables could break and crash into the dish. Arecibo has provided observations for discoveries within the solar system and well beyond. It is considered a landmark in the field of SETI, the search for extraterrestrial (外星的) intelligence, and one of the best spots for studying potentially dangerous asteroids near Earth. Officials were determined to save the telescope, considering it an essential tool for scientific advancement. Now, engineers are urgently developing a plan to tear the telescope down before it collapses on its own. Arecibo’s demise (终结) is a different fate than astronomers are used to. While hardware naturally ages and breaks, intentionally tearing down an observatory without any alternative choices is uncommon, and so unexpectedly too. Engineers have deliberately destroyed spacecraft before, such as Cassini, which fell into the atmosphere of Saturn (土星), and Galileo, which met a similar end on Jupiter, but those goodbyes were planned. Scientists had the chance to make their final observations and close up shop. The spacecrafts were running out of fuel, and soon their scientific instruments would fall silent. Their missions were over. Arecibo’s was not. 24. What happened to the Arecibo Telescope? A. Its two cables broke. B. Its radio dish collapsed. C. Its structure had fallen apart. D. It suffered a system failure. 25. Why can’t the Arecibo telescope be repaired? A. Some replacement parts are unavailable. B. Some components are beyond repair. C. Repairs might cause further damage. D. It is too aged to be repaired. 26. As for the fate of the Arecibo telescope, the author feels ________. A. uncertain B. regretful C. relieved D. optimistic 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述阿雷西博射电望远镜遭受严重损毁，因结构危险无法维修，只能提前拆除，它的终结是一场意料之外的悲剧。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The trouble began in August when a heavy metal support cable unexpectedly slipped out of its socket (底座) and crashed into the 1,000-foot-wide radio dish. (事故始于 8 月：一根沉重的金属支撑缆索意外从底座滑脱，砸向直径 1000 英尺的射电抛物面天线。)”和第三段“A main cable, one of the originals installed when the observatory was built, had broken, causing even more damage. (一根天文台建造之初就安装的主缆发生断裂，造成了更为严重的损毁。)”可知，阿雷西博望远镜的两条缆索均出现严重故障，一根支撑缆从底座滑脱砸向射电盘，一根主缆断裂造成更严重损坏。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The structure is so unsteady that it’s too dangerous for engineers to inspect it up close, as any attempts to stabilize or test the cables could accelerate the catastrophic failure.(整个结构极不稳定，工程师无法近距离开展检查工作，因为任何加固或测试缆索的尝试，都有可能加速这场毁灭性的坍塌。)”可知，阿雷西博望远镜无法修复是因为维修可能会造成进一步损坏。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The spacecrafts were running out of fuel, and soon their scientific instruments would fall silent. Their missions were over. Arecibo’s was not. (那些航天器燃料耗尽，科学仪器很快就会停止工作，它们的任务已经完成。而阿雷西博望远镜，任务尚未结束。)”可知，文章结尾对比卡西尼、伽利略（任务到期，计划内销毁），而阿雷西博任务尚未结束，被迫意外拆除，由此可知，对于阿雷西博望远镜的结局，作者感到遗憾。 C Alarming reports that the Antarctic ice sheet is becoming smaller misrepresent the facts. The ice sheet holds about 26.5 million gigatons(十亿吨)of water. If it were to melt(融化)completely, sea levels would rise 190 feet. Such a change is an issue for the far future, if it comes at all. Much more modest ice loss is normal in Antarctica. Each year, some 2,200 gigatons of the ice is discharged(消融), while snowfall adds almost the same amount. The difference between the discharge and addition each year is the annual loss. That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. If it continued at that rate, the sea level would be raised by 3 inches over 100 years. Many fear that a warming globe could increase discharge and cause more rapid sea-level rise. Two recent studies focus on this issue. Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. But the media goes with this angle: “A ‘doomsday(末日)glacier’, the size of Florida, is breaking faster than thought.” A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers. Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely catch such nuance, and the media goes with headlines such as “a massive tsunami would drown New York City, killing millions.” A more accurate headline would read: “Ocean currents connecting Antarctic glaciers might quicken their melting.” These two studies were conducted with clever methods to infer past conditions and advanced computer modeling to show possible situations. These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself. 27. What does the author think of the annual loss of the Antarctic ice sheet? A. It’s a danger. B. It’s limited. C. It changes significantly. D. It decreases yearly. 28. What can we learn from the two studies? A. Both studies constructed new models. B. The Thwaites Glacier melts faster than expected. C. The complexity of the ocean speeds up the discharge of glaciers. D. Neither the reason nor the time of the Thwaites Glacier’s melting is known. 29. The underlined phrase “catch such nuance” probably means . A. deny the obvious facts B. pay attention to the difference C. evaluate the details D. are serious about the warning 30. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Antarctic glaciers melting makes sea level rise greatly. B. Recent studies on the melting ice call for people’s action. C. Reports of the media on Antarctic glaciers mislead the public. D. The researches about the glaciers melting raise public awareness. 【答案】27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是一篇骇人听闻的关于南极冰层变小的报道，引起了人们的恐慌，本文主要讲述的是两项针对于这项报道的研究，这两项研究使用明智的做法推断过去的情况和先进的计算机建模来显示可能的情况，来证实媒体报道的不实，歪曲了研究的实情，误导了公众。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. (这一数字一直在增加，从1980年代的每年40亿吨增加到2010年代的每年250千兆吨。但这种增加只是复杂过程中的微小变化。)”可知，研究者认为这种增加只是一个微小的变化，由此可推断，南极洲冰层的每年的损失是有限的。故选B项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. (研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。)”可知，只有一项研究采用了建模模式，故A项错误；根据第三段中的“Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. (研究Thwaites冰川（冰川）的研究人员推断，在过去，它以有史以来最快的速度变小了半年。)”可知，该冰川融化的速度变小而不是更快，故B项错误；根据第四段中的“A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers.(第二项研究测试了融化的淡水可以被水流携带以加速附近冰川排放的想法。)”可知，是融化的淡水增加了附近冰川的消融，故C项错误；根据第三段中的“The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. (这一特定事件的原因仍然未知，部分原因是快速融化的时间尚未确定。)”可知，Thwaites Glacier的融化原因和快速融化的时间不明确。故选D项。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. (研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。如果洋流可以连接遥远冰川的排放，这将增加南极冰盖的复杂性。为了强调他们的想法，研究人员使用了几乎三倍于人类的影响。)”可知，研究者用建模的方式研究洋流可能对冰川融化的影响，所以使用的近乎三倍于人类的影响进行研究。划线短语所在的句子与其前的“Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely…(尽管报纸上陈述了这一事实，但记者很少……)”是转折关系，即使报纸上陈述了这一事实，但是……，结合选项可知，此处表示“他们没有注意到区别”，在结合下文中对新闻标题的更改，可以确定，此短语的意思是“注意差别”。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself. (这些论文以适当的精确和谨慎描述了科学，但令人遗憾的是，媒体歪曲了研究以引起警惕。这剥夺了公众就“气候行动”做出知情决定的权利，也剥夺了对科学本身感到惊讶的机会。)”可知，媒体歪曲了研究而引起警惕，剥夺了公众的知情决定权，由此可以推断，媒体对南极冰川的报道误导了公众。故选C项。 D Through more than three decades of systematic research, psychology professor Carol Dweck has been figuring out answers to why some people achieve their potential while equally talented others don’t. The key, she found, isn’t ability; it’s whether you look at ability as something inherent that needs to be demonstrated or as something that can be developed. As a graduate student at Yale, Dweck started off studying animal motivation. In the late 1960s, a hot topic in animal research was “learned helplessness”: lab animals sometimes didn’t do what they were capable of because they’d given up from repeated failures. Dweck wondered how humans coped with that. “I asked, ‘What makes a really capable child give up in the face of failure, where other children may be motivated by the failure?” she recalls. At the time, the suggested cure for learned helplessness was a long string of successes. Dweck posited (假定) that the difference between the helpless response and its opposite lay in people’s beliefs about why they had failed. People who attributed their failures to lack of ability, Dweck thought, would become discouraged even in areas where they were capable. Those who thought they simply hadn’t tried hard enough, on the other hand, would be fueled by setbacks. Dweck and her assistants ran an experiment on elementary school children whom school personnel had identified as helpless. These kids fit the definition perfectly: if they came across a few math problems they couldn’t solve, for example, they no longer could do problems they had solved before — and some didn’t recover that ability for days. Through a series of exercises, the experimenters trained half the students to attribute their errors to insufficient effort, and encouraged them to keep going. Those children learned to persist in the face of failure — and to succeed. The control group showed no improvement at all, continuing to fall apart quickly and to recover slowly. These findings, says Dweck, “really supported the idea that the attributions were a key element driving the helpless and mastery-oriented patterns”. She continued to do her research as an assistant professor at the University of Illinois. In her experiment, children were asked to “think out loud” as they faced problem-solving tasks, some too difficult for them. The big surprise: some of the children who put forth lots of effort didn’t make attributions at all. These children didn’t think they were failing. So failure is just information — we label it failure, but it’s more like, “This didn’t work, I’m a problem solver, and I’ll try something else”. Common sense suggests that ability inspires self-confidence. And it does for a while — so long as the going is easy. But setbacks change everything. Dweck realized that the difference lay in the kids’ goals. “The mastery-oriented children are really hell-bent on learning something,” Dweck says, and “learning goals” inspire a different chain of thoughts and behaviors than “performance goals”. Students for whom performance is important want to look smart even if it means not learning a thing in the process. For them, each task is a challenge to their self-image, and each setback becomes a personal threat. So, they pursue only activities at which they are sure to shine — and avoid the sorts of experiences necessary to grow and flourish in any endeavor. Students with learning goals, on the other hand, take necessary risks and don’t worry about failure because each mistake becomes a chance to learn. Dweck’s next question: what makes students focus on different goals in the first place? While discussing the question with other psychologists, the answer hit her: if some students want to show off their ability, while others want to increase their ability, “ability” means different things to the two groups. “If you want to demonstrate something over and over, it feels like something static (静止的) that lives inside of you — whereas if you want to increase your ability, it feels dynamic and malleable (可塑的),” Dweck explains. People with performance goals, she reasoned, think intelligence is fixed from birth. People with learning goals have a growth mindset about intelligence, believing it can be developed. The model was nearly complete. 31. According to Dweck’s research, people’s learned helplessness can be cured if they ________. A. stop making attributions B. are constantly encouraged C. experience a long string of successes D. attribute their failures to insufficient efforts 32. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment done in the University of Illinois? A. Confidence is boosted by success. B. Setbacks shape people’s characters. C. Some children are better problem-solvers. D. Failure does not appear in some people’s minds. 33. What is typical of children with performance goals? A. They love challenges. B. They strive for better performance. C. They may shrink in front of setbacks. D. They tend to demonstrate their best images. 34. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Goal setting. B. Perception of ability. C. Coping with repeated failures. D. Achieving the fullest potential. 【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要阐述人们对于能力的认知，以及这种认知如何影响人面对挫折、设定目标和发挥潜能。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Through a series of exercises, the experimenters trained half the students to attribute their errors to insufficient effort, and encouraged them to keep going. Those children learned to persist in the face of failure — and to succeed. The control group showed no improvement at all, continuing to fall apart quickly and to recover slowly.(通过一系列专项训练，实验人员引导半数学生把自己的错误归因于努力不足，同时不断鼓励他们坚持尝试。最终这些孩子学会了在失败面前坚持下去，并且最终取得了成功。而对照组的学生没有得到任何相关训练，状态完全没有改善，遇到挫折后依然会迅速崩溃，很久都无法恢复状态。)”可知，根据德韦克的研究，人们的习得性无助是可以被治愈的，前提是他们将自己的失败归因于努力不足。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“The big surprise: some of the children who put forth lots of effort didn’t make attributions at all. These children didn’t think they were failing. So failure is just information — we label it failure, but it’s more like, “This didn’t work, I’m a problem solver, and I’ll try something else”.(这次实验出现了一个意外发现：有一部分付出了大量努力的孩子，完全没有进行任何“失败归因”。这些孩子根本不觉得自己正在经历失败。对他们来说，所谓的失败只是一条信息而已——是我们给它贴上了“失败”的标签，但它的本质更像是“刚才的方法行不通，我是解决问题的人，换个方法再试就好”。)”可知，从伊利诺伊大学进行的实验可以得出的结论是某些人不会在脑海中出现失败。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Students for whom performance is important want to look smart even if it means not learning a thing in the process. For them, each task is a challenge to their self-image, and each setback becomes a personal threat. So, they pursue only activities at which they are sure to shine — and avoid the sorts of experiences necessary to grow and flourish in any endeavor.(把表现放在第一位的学生，哪怕要在过程里什么都学不到，也依然想要维持自己“聪明”的形象。对他们来说，每一项任务都是对自我形象的挑战，每一次挫折都会变成对个人的威胁。所以他们只会选择自己确定能做好的活动，刻意回避任何能让自己在领域内成长、精进所必需的体验。)”可知，有表现目标的孩子的典型特征是他们在挫折面前可能会退缩。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Through more than three decades of systematic research, psychology professor Carol Dweck has been figuring out answers to why some people achieve their potential while equally talented others don’t. The key, she found, isn’t ability; it’s whether you look at ability as something inherent that needs to be demonstrated or as something that can be developed.(经过三十多年的系统性研究，心理学教授卡罗尔・德韦克一直在探寻一个问题：为什么有些人能充分发挥自身潜能，而另一些天赋相当的人却做不到。她发现，关键不在于能力本身，而在于你如何看待能力：究竟是把能力看作需要不断证明的先天固有特质，还是可以后天培养提升的东西。)”可知，本文主要阐述人们对于能力的认知，以及这种认知如何影响人面对挫折、设定目标和发挥潜能，因此本文的主旨是“Perception of ability.(对能力的认知)”。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 KEEPING YOUR CUSTOMERS It costs five to ten times more to sell a product to a new customer than to an existing one. So what are businesses doing to hold on to their customers? The answer is — everything they possibly can. ____35____ Reward schemes, often referred to as loyalty schemes, encourage customers to continue buying products or services from one particular company by offering customers rewards. ____36____ When customers fly with one airline on multiple trips, that airline rewards them with free travel. Other companies, from Starbucks to Tesco, have followed suit, offering rewards to loyal customers. Consumers often belong to multiple loyalty schemes, yet most people participate actively in only a few. Companies are interested in understanding the reasons behind this behavior. The most successful loyalty schemes have several features in common. ____37____ Customers get rewards often enough that they see the benefit of remaining loyal to the company. The schemes not only keep customers buying the company’s products or services, they also provide the company with valuable information about their customers’ behavior and preferences. A second successful strategy for maintaining customer relationships is the subscription service. In these schemes, customers sign up to purchase items, such as shaving products, snacks or make-up, on a regular basis. These items are delivered to the customer’s home. Subscription services also offer customers products that are tailored to their own personal needs and desires. ____38____ In a retail environment where consumers are faced with a dizzying range of products, this kind of service can combat what has been referred to as “the paralysis of choice”. ____39____ For the company, subscription services offer guaranteed regular sales, an ongoing relationship with their customers and, like loyalty schemes, a rich source of data about buying behavior. Reward schemes and subscription services are just two of the marketing tools that businesses use to hold on to customers. They know that devoting attention and money to their current customers is better than attracting new ones. A. Airlines, pioneers of loyalty schemes, provide a good example. B. They offer more than a convenient way to replace household necessities. C. The treatment makes customers feel special and deepens their connection to the brand. D. They are simple and easy to understand, but most important, their rewards are attainable. E. In other words, the service makes decisions for those who have difficulty making decisions. F. Two popular strategies for customer retention are reward schemes and subscription services. G. They must save money and focus on the customers that matter — customers they already have. 【答案】35. F 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. E 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了企业留住客户的重要性及两种主要策略——奖励计划和订阅服务。企业深知吸引新客户的成本远高于维护老客户，因此不遗余力地通过各种方式保持与现有客户的关系。 【35题详解】 上文“It costs five to ten times more to sell a product to a new customer than to an existing one. So what are businesses doing to hold on to their customers? The answer is — everything they possibly can. (将产品卖给新客户的成本是卖给老客户的五到十倍。那么企业在做什么来留住客户呢？答案是——尽一切可能。)”引出企业留住客户的话题，下文第二段开头“Reward schemes...”和第四段开头“A second successful strategy...”分别介绍了两种具体策略，F项“Two popular strategies for customer retention are reward schemes and subscription services. (两种流行的客户留存策略是奖励计划和订阅服务。)”总领下文两种策略，起到承上启下的作用。 【36题详解】 上文“Reward schemes, often referred to as loyalty schemes, encourage customers to continue buying products or services from one particular company by offering customers rewards. (奖励计划，通常被称为忠诚计划，通过向客户提供奖励来鼓励他们继续从特定公司购买产品或服务。)”介绍了奖励计划的概念，下文“When customers fly with one airline on multiple trips, that airline rewards them with free travel. (当客户多次乘坐同一航空公司的航班时，该航空公司会奖励他们免费旅行。)”以航空公司为例具体说明奖励计划，A项“Airlines, pioneers of loyalty schemes, provide a good example. (航空公司是忠诚计划的先驱，提供了一个很好的例子。)”中的“Airlines”和“pioneers”与下文航空公司的例子完美衔接。 【37题详解】 上文“The most successful loyalty schemes have several features in common. (最成功的忠诚计划有几个共同特征。)”引出成功忠诚计划的共同特征，空格处应具体说明这些特征，下文“Customers get rewards often enough that they see the benefit of remaining loyal to the company. (客户获得奖励的频率足够高，让他们看到保持忠诚的好处。)”说明奖励的频繁性和可获得性，D项“They are simple and easy to understand, but most important, their rewards are attainable. (它们简单易懂，但最重要的是，它们的奖励是可以获得的。)”中的“simple and easy to understand”和“rewards are attainable”与下文“rewards often enough”相呼应，说明了成功计划的特征。 【38题详解】 上文“Subscription services also offer customers products that are tailored to their own personal needs and desires. (订阅服务还为客户提供量身定制的产品，满足他们个人的需求和愿望。)”说明订阅服务提供个性化产品，下文“In a retail environment where consumers are faced with a dizzying range of products, this kind of service can combat what has been referred to as “the paralysis of choice”. (在消费者面对令人眼花缭乱的产品的零售环境中，这种服务可以对抗所谓的“选择瘫痪”。)”说明订阅服务还有更多功能，B项“They offer more than a convenient way to replace household necessities. (它们提供的不仅仅是一种方便地替换家庭必需品的方式。)”中的“more than”与上文“also”形成递进，与下文“this kind of service can combat...”衔接，说明订阅服务不止于便利，还能解决选择困难。 【39题详解】 上文“In a retail environment where consumers are faced with a dizzying range of products, this kind of service can combat what has been referred to as “the paralysis of choice”. (在消费者面对令人眼花缭乱的产品的零售环境中，这种服务可以对抗所谓的“选择瘫痪”。)”提到了“选择瘫痪”这一概念， E项“In other words, the service makes decisions for those who have difficulty making decisions. (换句话说，这项服务为那些难以做决定的人做决定。)”中的“In other words”表示解释，“have difficulty making decisions”与“the paralysis of choice”意思一致，是对上文的进一步阐释。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Early on, by age nine perhaps, I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction. The discovery was sudden: one very hot summer day in Birmingham, while reading, I realized I was shivering with cold. I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a blizzard (暴风雪). How is this possible? I asked myself, and the answer came immediately. It’s these words. Just these words have made me feel cold. Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday. Despite this, I found myself beginning college as a medical student. You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure. But what good is literature? I asked myself. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-indulgent (任性的). One day in a literature class at my small, excellent liberal arts college, the professor posed a question that none of us could answer: “In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations alike?” While I did not know the answer, what I did know — was that whatever the answer, it would be of crucial importance to my friend Dwight. The professor answered his own question. “Both are boys in search of a father.” And I knew my friend across the aisle, through literature, suddenly understood his own confusion. He knew in a visceral (发自内心的) way something of vital importance. What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself. The class was over. As Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were glazed with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I realized that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives. And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature. That was all a very long time ago, about half a century ago. I lived to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions. 40. What did the author think of Laura’s writing? _________________________________________________ 41. What inspiration did the author’s friend get from Huckleberry Finn and Great Expectations? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ The author chose a life for herself in literature because it could enhance the quality of her own life. _________________________________________________ 43. Present an important choice you have ever made in your life. _________________________________________________ 【答案】40. She felt full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing. 41. He realized that he needed to become a guiding father to himself. 42. The author chose a life for herself in literature because it could enhance the quality of her own life. The author chose literature because literature can make ideas and feelings real and improve people’s lives. She hoped her writing could offer others new and needed perspectives, not just improve her own life. 43. I chose to keep practising English reading in my spare time. Although it took much time, it helped me broaden my horizons and improve my English greatly. 【解析】 【导语】作者年少热爱读写小说，大学原本学医。一堂文学课让她明白文学能助人感悟自我，于是选择文学道路，此生为这一抉择感到幸福。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday.(我对劳拉的写作充满惊叹和钦佩，心想，总有一天我也能做到这一点)”可知，作者对劳拉的写作充满惊叹和钦佩。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself.(那些虚构男孩的情况，也同样适用于他：他需要成为自己内心的引导者)”可知，作者的朋友从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和《远大前程》中意识到自己需要成为自我人生的引导者。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“I realized that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives.(我意识到，文学能够并且确实能让思想和情感变得真实、生动且易于理解，从而提升我们生活的质量)”以及第六段“If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.(如果我所写的东西能为某位杰出的人带来一种崭新而必要的视角，那么我就能为自己选择文学人生找到正当的理由)”可知，错误部分为“enhance the quality of her own life”，作者选择文学是因为文学能让思想与情感变得真实、生动、易于理解，从而提升人们的生活质量，她希望自己的写作能为他人提供新颖而必要的视角，并非为了提升自己的生活质量。 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“请谈谈你一生中做出的一个重要选择”可回答：我选择在空闲时间继续练习英语阅读。虽然花费了很长时间，但帮助我拓宽了视野，并大大提高了我的英语水平。 第二节 (20 分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教Jim将开设一门“Prepare for the Future”的选修课，他想就课程内容征求学生意见。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容如下： 1. 授课内容； 2. 课堂模式。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m so excited to hear of your launching the new “Prepare for the Future” elective course, and I’d love to share some small suggestions with you. For the course content, we really hope you can cover practical skills like time management, public speaking, basic financial planning and cross-cultural communication, which are exactly what we senior three students badly need for college and future social life. For the class mode, instead of full-time lectures, we prefer more group discussions, real case sharing and hands-on role-play activities, which will make the abstract future-oriented knowledge much easier to grasp. Thank you for valuing our opinions, and we’re all looking forward to your wonderful new course. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外教Jim写封信，就即将开设的“Prepare for the Future”选修课给出意见。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 发起：launch→initiate 建议：suggestion→recommendation 理解：grasp→comprehend 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m so excited to hear of your launching the new “Prepare for the Future” elective course, and I’d love to share some small suggestions with you. 拓展句：I’m so excited to hear your launching a new elective course which is called “Prepare for the Future”, and I’d love to share some small suggestions with you. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For the course content, we really hope you can cover practical skills like time management, public speaking, basic financial planning and cross-cultural communication, which are exactly what we senior three students badly need for college and future social life. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的表语从句) [高分句型2] For the class mode, instead of full-time lectures, we prefer more group discussions, real case sharing and hands-on role-play activities, which will make the abstract future-oriented knowledge much easier to grasp. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026 — 2027 学年第一学期 高三年级 入学定位测试 英语试卷 时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A pair of birds showed me the meaning of home I’ve never had much of a sense of home. By the age of 21, I’d moved house roughly 20 times. I thought it was my lot (命运) to never feel “at home” anywhere. That is, until a pair of robins ____1____ in my back garden one spring a few years ago. My wife and I had recently moved to a town in the U.K. Our house was old and needed many repairs. But the robins that arrived that spring clearly ____2____ something in our broken - down home that I didn’t. Each morning, I watched with fascination as they flew above the garden, looking for bugs and collecting twigs (树枝). However, it was also nerve - racking: the robins had chosen to nest low, well within ____3____ of a curious cat’s paw. Cats kill around 2.4 billion birds in the U.S. I’d heard this from an American ornithologist (鸟类学家) friend who had been part of the fight to save the Po’ouli, an endangered bird species. I found myself becoming as ____4____ of the nesting robins. I relocated my desk to overlook the garden and started leaving food on the patio. I ____5____ carefully for the robins’ alarm calls. When I caught the neighborhood tomcat looking around, I bought a water gun and kept it loaded next to the back door. I had somehow become a full - time security detail (警卫队) for the pair of birds. One morning, I ____6____ to the sound of the robins’ alarm calls and saw them flutter away. The tomcat had found their nest. I was surprised by how ____7____ this made me. To be honest, I was devastated (伤心欲绝). Something else happened while I guarded these birds. Watching them build their home left me feeling ____8____ about my own. Home, I began to see, wasn’t just a stepping - stone, but a place I needed to be actively building. If I ever hoped to feel a sense of ____9____, I needed to put effort into making a place my own. This wasn’t anything I realized I ____10____ until I met those robins. The birds, meanwhile, undoubtedly started building a new nest somewhere else. Only hopefully a little higher up. 1. A. appeared B. survived C. returned D. gathered 2. A. remembered B. saw C. faced D. checked 3. A. control B. hold C. touch D. reach 4. A. protective B. certain C. supportive D. aware 5. A. cared B. waited C. listened D. hoped 6. A. turned B. reacted C. woke D. rushed 7. A. confused B. upset C. curious D. disappointed 8. A. clearly B. surely C. deeply D. differently 9. A. belonging B. responsibility C. pride D. connection 10. A. loved B. wanted C. deserved D. recognized 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Christmas was near. I walked away from my school and followed the worn path through the trees onto the street ____11____ Cole’s grocery store stood. In my pocket was a collection of coins and bills I ____12____ (earn) the summer before. Cars ran down the street as I opened the door to the store. The noise of the cars disappeared when the door closed behind me. I was a kid who felt out of place and on a mission. For the first time, I was going to buy a Christmas gift ____13____ my mum and dad. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 According to a study, dolphins have displayed certain characteristics of human conversation in their communication. Two dolphins, Yana and Yasha, ____14____ (study) as they communicated with each other. Researchers found that they would stop talking in order to listen to ____15____ the other had to “say”, just like a conversation between two humans. Dolphins have been known to be one of ____16____ (clever) animals in the world. We have researched dolphins for decades, but this new evidence on their communication patterns is one of the most exciting. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world heritage site ____17____ (locate) in Gansu Province, Northwest China. In 2016, the first phase of the Digital Dunhuang resource database went online. Now people from all over the world can enjoy high-definition images and panoramic (全景的) tours of 30 caves on the Digital Dunhuang website. Digital Dunhuang integrates all kinds of data, ____18____ (consist) of videos, 3D data, pictures and others, into digital images that can be shared globally over the Internet. Although the Digital Dunhuang project has a long way ____19____ (go), it has significant meaning to ____20____ (culture) heritage protection. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38 分) 第一节 (共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Programme dates Session A: 2027.06.25 — 2027.08.05 (6 weeks) Session B: 2027.08.06 — 2027.09.16 (6 weeks) Application Deadline: Session A 2027.04.15 Session B 2027.05.15 Why UCLA  One of the world’s most prestigious universities  Highly trained & friendly instructors  Studying with students from around the world  Transcript (成绩单) for transferable credit  On - campus activities — fitness center, swimming pools & tennis courts  Los Angeles — an exciting city with entertainment, museums, beaches, and mountains Program Highlight  Academic Courses Choose from UCLA undergraduate courses in more than 1,000 subjects, including arts, engineering, film and TV, management, political science and more. All UCLA Summer courses are university-level courses. Beginning in January, a complete schedule of summer courses and descriptions is available online at https://sa.ucla.edu/ro/public/soc. Most UCLA Summer courses offer four units of credit, but some may offer two, three or five units as well. International students are required to enroll in a minimum of eight units per session, which means two or three courses.  Course Prerequisites (必备条件) Some UCLA Summer Sessions courses have prerequisites that are indicated in the course description. Please make sure that you have experience comparable to the listed course prerequisites.  Grade Reports & Transcripts Students are issued an official UCLA transcript upon completion. All grades earned in Summer Sessions become part of your official UCLA transcript, which shows all course work completed at UCLA. Fee information Fees: 7980 for home stay housing or 8500 — 9100 Residence Hall for Residence Hall housing, Including Application fee, Campus fee, Registration fee, 8 units fee(360/unit), Pre-arrival online orientation fee, Housing (Homestay with 14 meals per week, or Residence Hall with 15 meals per week), Health Insurance, Airport pickup, Visa counseling, and Management fee. Admission Requirements  Copy of passport  Scores of TOEFL IBT 79 or IELTS 6.5, or CET - 6490, or the equivalent  University transcript with a grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 on a 4-point scale or the equivalent  List of courses the student wants to take  Financial certification Requires F-1 visa 21. What makes the UCLA Summer School attractive? A. high quality teaching B. staff from around the world C. free visits to the city museums D. on and off - campus sports facilities 22. What should students be aware of when choosing courses? A. Students can access the course schedule before January. B. International students need to attend at least two courses. C. All UCLA Summer courses have certain prerequisites. D. UCLA transcript does not show all the grades earned. 23. To apply for the UCLA Summer School, one must ________. A. apply before April 15th, 2027 B. pay $7980 for homestay housing C. have an overseas study experience D. possess a financial certification B The Damaged Arecibo Telescope Meets an Untimely End Arecibo, a giant radio observatory in Puerto Rico, was forced to stop operations this year due to irreparable damage. Officials now believe that it is beyond repair and will be torn down instead of being fixed. The trouble began in August when a heavy metal support cable unexpectedly slipped out of its socket (底座) and crashed into the 1,000-foot-wide radio dish. The cable, installed in the 1990s, was considered fairly new for an observatory that began operations in 1963, and the incident confounded (使惊异) the staff at Arecibo. Officials were hopeful they could repair the damage and outlined a plan. However, just days before engineers were scheduled to try to stabilize the telescope, another piece of hardware came smashing into the dish. A main cable, one of the originals installed when the observatory was built, had broken, causing even more damage. Although engineers had recently inspected the cable and noted some torn exterior wires, they believed it could still hold. Ralph Gaume, the director of the astronomy division at the National Science Foundation, revealed that the Arecibo Observatory faces an “uncontrolled catastrophic collapse.” The structure is so unsteady that it’s too dangerous for engineers to inspect it up close, as any attempts to stabilize or test the cables could accelerate the catastrophic failure. Engineers fear that more cables could break and crash into the dish. Arecibo has provided observations for discoveries within the solar system and well beyond. It is considered a landmark in the field of SETI, the search for extraterrestrial (外星的) intelligence, and one of the best spots for studying potentially dangerous asteroids near Earth. Officials were determined to save the telescope, considering it an essential tool for scientific advancement. Now, engineers are urgently developing a plan to tear the telescope down before it collapses on its own. Arecibo’s demise (终结) is a different fate than astronomers are used to. While hardware naturally ages and breaks, intentionally tearing down an observatory without any alternative choices is uncommon, and so unexpectedly too. Engineers have deliberately destroyed spacecraft before, such as Cassini, which fell into the atmosphere of Saturn (土星), and Galileo, which met a similar end on Jupiter, but those goodbyes were planned. Scientists had the chance to make their final observations and close up shop. The spacecrafts were running out of fuel, and soon their scientific instruments would fall silent. Their missions were over. Arecibo’s was not. 24. What happened to the Arecibo Telescope? A. Its two cables broke. B. Its radio dish collapsed. C. Its structure had fallen apart. D. It suffered a system failure. 25. Why can’t the Arecibo telescope be repaired? A. Some replacement parts are unavailable. B. Some components are beyond repair. C. Repairs might cause further damage. D. It is too aged to be repaired. 26. As for the fate of the Arecibo telescope, the author feels ________. A. uncertain B. regretful C. relieved D. optimistic C Alarming reports that the Antarctic ice sheet is becoming smaller misrepresent the facts. The ice sheet holds about 26.5 million gigatons(十亿吨)of water. If it were to melt(融化)completely, sea levels would rise 190 feet. Such a change is an issue for the far future, if it comes at all. Much more modest ice loss is normal in Antarctica. Each year, some 2,200 gigatons of the ice is discharged(消融), while snowfall adds almost the same amount. The difference between the discharge and addition each year is the annual loss. That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. If it continued at that rate, the sea level would be raised by 3 inches over 100 years. Many fear that a warming globe could increase discharge and cause more rapid sea-level rise. Two recent studies focus on this issue. Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. But the media goes with this angle: “A ‘doomsday(末日)glacier’, the size of Florida, is breaking faster than thought.” A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers. Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely catch such nuance, and the media goes with headlines such as “a massive tsunami would drown New York City, killing millions.” A more accurate headline would read: “Ocean currents connecting Antarctic glaciers might quicken their melting.” These two studies were conducted with clever methods to infer past conditions and advanced computer modeling to show possible situations. These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself. 27. What does the author think of the annual loss of the Antarctic ice sheet? A. It’s a danger. B. It’s limited. C. It changes significantly. D. It decreases yearly. 28. What can we learn from the two studies? A. Both studies constructed new models. B. The Thwaites Glacier melts faster than expected. C. The complexity of the ocean speeds up the discharge of glaciers. D. Neither the reason nor the time of the Thwaites Glacier’s melting is known. 29. The underlined phrase “catch such nuance” probably means . A. deny the obvious facts B. pay attention to the difference C. evaluate the details D. are serious about the warning 30. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Antarctic glaciers melting makes sea level rise greatly. B. Recent studies on the melting ice call for people’s action. C. Reports of the media on Antarctic glaciers mislead the public. D. The researches about the glaciers melting raise public awareness. D Through more than three decades of systematic research, psychology professor Carol Dweck has been figuring out answers to why some people achieve their potential while equally talented others don’t. The key, she found, isn’t ability; it’s whether you look at ability as something inherent that needs to be demonstrated or as something that can be developed. As a graduate student at Yale, Dweck started off studying animal motivation. In the late 1960s, a hot topic in animal research was “learned helplessness”: lab animals sometimes didn’t do what they were capable of because they’d given up from repeated failures. Dweck wondered how humans coped with that. “I asked, ‘What makes a really capable child give up in the face of failure, where other children may be motivated by the failure?” she recalls. At the time, the suggested cure for learned helplessness was a long string of successes. Dweck posited (假定) that the difference between the helpless response and its opposite lay in people’s beliefs about why they had failed. People who attributed their failures to lack of ability, Dweck thought, would become discouraged even in areas where they were capable. Those who thought they simply hadn’t tried hard enough, on the other hand, would be fueled by setbacks. Dweck and her assistants ran an experiment on elementary school children whom school personnel had identified as helpless. These kids fit the definition perfectly: if they came across a few math problems they couldn’t solve, for example, they no longer could do problems they had solved before — and some didn’t recover that ability for days. Through a series of exercises, the experimenters trained half the students to attribute their errors to insufficient effort, and encouraged them to keep going. Those children learned to persist in the face of failure — and to succeed. The control group showed no improvement at all, continuing to fall apart quickly and to recover slowly. These findings, says Dweck, “really supported the idea that the attributions were a key element driving the helpless and mastery-oriented patterns”. She continued to do her research as an assistant professor at the University of Illinois. In her experiment, children were asked to “think out loud” as they faced problem-solving tasks, some too difficult for them. The big surprise: some of the children who put forth lots of effort didn’t make attributions at all. These children didn’t think they were failing. So failure is just information — we label it failure, but it’s more like, “This didn’t work, I’m a problem solver, and I’ll try something else”. Common sense suggests that ability inspires self-confidence. And it does for a while — so long as the going is easy. But setbacks change everything. Dweck realized that the difference lay in the kids’ goals. “The mastery-oriented children are really hell-bent on learning something,” Dweck says, and “learning goals” inspire a different chain of thoughts and behaviors than “performance goals”. Students for whom performance is important want to look smart even if it means not learning a thing in the process. For them, each task is a challenge to their self-image, and each setback becomes a personal threat. So, they pursue only activities at which they are sure to shine — and avoid the sorts of experiences necessary to grow and flourish in any endeavor. Students with learning goals, on the other hand, take necessary risks and don’t worry about failure because each mistake becomes a chance to learn. Dweck’s next question: what makes students focus on different goals in the first place? While discussing the question with other psychologists, the answer hit her: if some students want to show off their ability, while others want to increase their ability, “ability” means different things to the two groups. “If you want to demonstrate something over and over, it feels like something static (静止的) that lives inside of you — whereas if you want to increase your ability, it feels dynamic and malleable (可塑的),” Dweck explains. People with performance goals, she reasoned, think intelligence is fixed from birth. People with learning goals have a growth mindset about intelligence, believing it can be developed. The model was nearly complete. 31. According to Dweck’s research, people’s learned helplessness can be cured if they ________. A. stop making attributions B. are constantly encouraged C. experience a long string of successes D. attribute their failures to insufficient efforts 32. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment done in the University of Illinois? A. Confidence is boosted by success. B. Setbacks shape people’s characters. C. Some children are better problem-solvers. D. Failure does not appear in some people’s minds. 33. What is typical of children with performance goals? A. They love challenges. B. They strive for better performance. C. They may shrink in front of setbacks. D. They tend to demonstrate their best images. 34. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Goal setting. B. Perception of ability. C. Coping with repeated failures. D. Achieving the fullest potential. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 KEEPING YOUR CUSTOMERS It costs five to ten times more to sell a product to a new customer than to an existing one. So what are businesses doing to hold on to their customers? The answer is — everything they possibly can. ____35____ Reward schemes, often referred to as loyalty schemes, encourage customers to continue buying products or services from one particular company by offering customers rewards. ____36____ When customers fly with one airline on multiple trips, that airline rewards them with free travel. Other companies, from Starbucks to Tesco, have followed suit, offering rewards to loyal customers. Consumers often belong to multiple loyalty schemes, yet most people participate actively in only a few. Companies are interested in understanding the reasons behind this behavior. The most successful loyalty schemes have several features in common. ____37____ Customers get rewards often enough that they see the benefit of remaining loyal to the company. The schemes not only keep customers buying the company’s products or services, they also provide the company with valuable information about their customers’ behavior and preferences. A second successful strategy for maintaining customer relationships is the subscription service. In these schemes, customers sign up to purchase items, such as shaving products, snacks or make-up, on a regular basis. These items are delivered to the customer’s home. Subscription services also offer customers products that are tailored to their own personal needs and desires. ____38____ In a retail environment where consumers are faced with a dizzying range of products, this kind of service can combat what has been referred to as “the paralysis of choice”. ____39____ For the company, subscription services offer guaranteed regular sales, an ongoing relationship with their customers and, like loyalty schemes, a rich source of data about buying behavior. Reward schemes and subscription services are just two of the marketing tools that businesses use to hold on to customers. They know that devoting attention and money to their current customers is better than attracting new ones. A. Airlines, pioneers of loyalty schemes, provide a good example. B. They offer more than a convenient way to replace household necessities. C. The treatment makes customers feel special and deepens their connection to the brand. D. They are simple and easy to understand, but most important, their rewards are attainable. E. In other words, the service makes decisions for those who have difficulty making decisions. F. Two popular strategies for customer retention are reward schemes and subscription services. G. They must save money and focus on the customers that matter — customers they already have. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Early on, by age nine perhaps, I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction. The discovery was sudden: one very hot summer day in Birmingham, while reading, I realized I was shivering with cold. I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a blizzard (暴风雪). How is this possible? I asked myself, and the answer came immediately. It’s these words. Just these words have made me feel cold. Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday. Despite this, I found myself beginning college as a medical student. You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure. But what good is literature? I asked myself. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-indulgent (任性的). One day in a literature class at my small, excellent liberal arts college, the professor posed a question that none of us could answer: “In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations alike?” While I did not know the answer, what I did know — was that whatever the answer, it would be of crucial importance to my friend Dwight. The professor answered his own question. “Both are boys in search of a father.” And I knew my friend across the aisle, through literature, suddenly understood his own confusion. He knew in a visceral (发自内心的) way something of vital importance. What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself. The class was over. As Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were glazed with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I realized that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives. And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature. That was all a very long time ago, about half a century ago. I lived to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions. 40. What did the author think of Laura’s writing? _________________________________________________ 41. What inspiration did the author’s friend get from Huckleberry Finn and Great Expectations? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ The author chose a life for herself in literature because it could enhance the quality of her own life. _________________________________________________ 43. Present an important choice you have ever made in your life. _________________________________________________ 第二节 (20 分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教Jim将开设一门“Prepare for the Future”的选修课，他想就课程内容征求学生意见。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容如下： 1. 授课内容； 2. 课堂模式。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $