专题06 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）八年级英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦八年级说明文阅读，涵盖人与社会、人与自然、人与自我7大主题语境，精选山东多地期中真题，融合科技前沿（如机器人警犬、无人机）与文化传承（如孔子教育思想）素材，适配期中能力检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|约40题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳、词义猜测|以“机器人警犬工作场景”“DJI无人机技术发展”等时代素材设题，梯度设计基础题（如“机器人警犬功能”）与提升题（如“推断未来应用”），贴合中考命题趋势|

专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东聊城茌平区实验中学·期中）On May 3rd, Yichang Police Station made history by firstly using a “robot police dog” in Hubei. Working with real police dogs, the robot police dog was sent to patrol (巡逻) and do something else. As a newcomer to the police station, the robot police dog interested many onlookers (旁观者). With two large “eyes” on its back, it always monitors the movements of people around it. It tries to find anyone with bad intentions (意图). When the robot police dog finds that a visitor leaves his bag on a bench, it will say, “Lost thing found.” Because of heavy rain, the policemen made indoor patrols on May 3rd. However, the brave robot police dog still made outdoor patrols. When children saw the robot police dog working in the rain, they even came up to hold an umbrella for it. However, a little water is nothing to the robot police dog. It can work even in temperatures as high as 60 ℃ or as low as minus 40 ℃. Visitors welcomed the patrols of the robot police dog. A visitor named Zhang said, “Some elderly people and children may be afraid of real dogs. I hope we can see more robot police dogs in the future.” 1.How does the writer start the passage? A. By welcoming the patrol. B. By praising the police. C. By reporting the weather. D. By introducing a robot police dog. 2.What do you know about the robot police dog from Paragraph 2? ①It has two eyes on its back. ②It can find lost things. ③It can stay away from the rain. ④It can say hello to people around it. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③ D. ②④ 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The robot police dog is common in China. B. The robot police dog can work in bad weather. C. The robot police dog started to work on May 3rd. D. The robot police dog practised working in the rain. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More robot police dogs may come into use. B. There will be no police in the future. C. Children may be afraid of robot police dogs. D. Robot police dogs may be bad for elderly people. 5.What is the structure of the passage? A. ①/②③/④ B. ①/②③④ C. ①②③/④ D. ①②/③④ 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了机器人警犬的功能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On May 3rd, Yichang Police Station made history by firstly using a ‘robot police dog’ in Hubei.”可知，作者通过介绍机器警犬来开始这篇文章。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“With two large ‘eyes’ on its back, it always monitors the movements of people around it. It tries to find anyone with bad intentions. When the robot police dog finds that a visitor leaves his bag on a bench, it will say, ‘Lost thing found.’”可知，机器警犬背部有两只大“眼睛”，用来监视周围人的行动，并且当它发现游客把包落在长椅上时，它会说“发现丢失物品”，说明它能找到丢失的东西。因此，①和②正确。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, the brave robot police dog still made outdoor patrols. When children saw the robot police dog working in the rain, they even came up to hold an umbrella for it. However, a little water is nothing to the robot police dog. It can work even in temperatures as high as 60 ℃ or as low as minus 40 ℃.”可知，尽管下大雨，机器警犬仍然进行户外巡逻，并且它能在高温或低温下工作，说明它能在恶劣天气下工作。因此，本段的主要意思是机器警犬能在恶劣天气下工作。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A visitor named Zhang said, ‘Some elderly people and children may be afraid of real dogs. I hope we can see more robot police dogs in the future.’”可知，一位游客希望未来能看到更多的机器警犬，说明更多的机器警犬可能会被投入使用。故选A。 (5)题解析： 篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，文章第一段介绍了宜昌警方首次使用机器警犬的情况，引出下文；第二段和第三段详细描述了机器警犬的外观、功能以及在恶劣天气下的工作表现；第四段通过游客的话表达了对机器警犬的欢迎和对未来更多机器警犬的期待。因此，文章的结构为①/②③/④。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中）Da Jiang Innovation, known as DJI, is a global leading company in drone (无人驾驶飞机) technology. The founder of DJI is Wang Tao. During his college years at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Wang began the early work on DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统), which made drones more stable (稳定的) during flight. This was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first consumer drone (消费级无人机) in 2013, the Phantom 1, which was more user-friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made aerial photography (航拍) easy for everyone, not just experts. With remote control and advanced GPS systems, users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Pocket series to record their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. It is the first company to offer 4K video recording in consumer drones. Their 3-axis gimbal (三轴云台) systems help keep footage (镜头) smooth and free from shaking. DJI drones are also built with safety in mind. They use advanced GPS systems to locate and then avoid obstacles (障碍物) so as to reduce the risk of accidents. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese innovation, showing the country’s growing influence in high-tech industries. 1.What was the direct function of the multi-rotor autopilot system? A. It made drones available to everyone. B. It forecasted (预测) DJI’s first consumer drone. C. It improved flight stability. D. It made 4K video recording possible. 2.Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A. Because it was cheaper than all other drones. B. Because it had the most advanced GPS system. C. Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D. Because it was suitable for beginners. 3.Which series would most likely be used by firemen? A. The Pocket series. B. The Inspire series. C. The Matrice series. D. The Phantom series. 4.Which of the following is not a feature of DJI drones? A. High-quality camera systems. B. Long-distance remote control. C. Advanced GPS systems for safety. D. The ability to change into different shapes. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the founder of DJI. B. To introduce a leading drone company. C. To describe the different shapes of drones. D. To introduce the technology behind DJI drones. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了全球领先的无人机制造商大疆创新（DJI）的发展历程、产品特点及其在不同领域的应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“which made drones more stable during flight”可知，多旋翼自驾系统提高了无人机的飞行稳定性。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It made aerial photography easy for everyone, not just experts.”可知，Phantom 1让航拍对所有人都变得简单，因此它适合初学者，是一个“游戏规则改变者”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people.”可知，Matrice系列可用于灭火等任务，因此消防员最可能使用该系列。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。文中提到了DJI无人机的高质量摄像系统、远程控制和先进GPS安全系统，但未提及无人机能够变形。故选D。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。全文介绍了大疆公司的发展、产品创新及其应用，主要围绕这家领先的无人机公司展开。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-艺术 （25-26八上·山东淄博张店·期中）“Without music, life would be a mistake,” a famous German philosopher (哲学家), Friedrich Nietzsche said over a century ago. Music is a big part of our lives. But in recent years, some US schools have cut music classes to control budgets (预算). For example, Chicago public schools hurt arts education when it fired (解雇) over 1,000 teachers. Among them, 10 percent of the teachers taught art or music, according to The Washington Times. In fact, this is not just a problem in the US. In other countries, such as China and the UK, music classes are not thought to be as important as ones like science, math and history. That’s partly because music is not seen as a very important life skill, and it isn’t tested. Many students are busy with schoolwork, so parents and students choose to focus on subjects that are tested more often. However, learning music is beneficial (有益的) in many ways. When playing music, you need different abilities to work together. It is not as simple as it looks, according to Kenneth Guilmartin of Music Together, an early childhood music development program. For example, when playing the piano. You see music notes and decode (解码) them in your brains. You also use your fingers to make sounds. You need to deal with all these things at the same time. Music has a special connection with science as well. You can see that many scientists are good at playing music: Einstein played the violin, and German physicist Max Planck was talented in playing the piano. 1.Some schools in the US cut music classes, because ________. A. students in the US weren’t interested in music B. they were too difficult to learn C. there weren’t enough music teachers in the US D. the schools wanted to control budgets 2.In Paragraph 2, what does the underlined word “them” refer to (指代)? A. Public schools. B. Fired teachers. C. Parents in Chicago. D. Students in Chicago. 3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Different abilities are needed to work together while we are playing music. B. Playing the piano needs people to use fingers to make sounds. C. Decoding music notes is needed while we are playing music. D. Playing the piano needs people to see music notes. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要探讨了音乐在生活中的重要性，分析了部分学校削减音乐课的原因，并阐述了学习音乐的诸多益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“But in recent years, some US schools have cut music classes to control budgets.”可知，美国一些学校削减音乐课是为了控制预算。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Chicago public schools hurt arts education when it fired over 1,000 teachers. Among them, 10 percent of the teachers taught art or music”可知，“them”指代被解雇的教师。故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“When playing music, you need different abilities to work together.”可知，第三段主要讲演奏音乐时需要多种能力协同工作。故选A。 主题语境03 人与社会-通讯与媒体 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）The Fast Flyer is the NUMBER 1 racing machine! The Fast Flyer outraces all other racers! The Fast Flyer is a bargain at $799, but for a limited time, you can buy your very own Fast Flyer for just $499. 1.What is the ad selling? A. A boat called the Fast Flyer. B. Equipment for a bicycle. C. A special kind of racer. D. A rocket pack for a racer. 2.According to the ad, how does the Fast Flyer compare to other racers? A. It is bigger than other racers. B. It goes faster than other racers. C. It is the most expensive racer. D. It is less interesting than most racers. 【答案】1. C　2. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一则介绍Fast Flyer的广告。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Fast Flyer is the NUMBER 1 racing machine!”可知，Fast Flyer是一种特别设计的赛车。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“The Fast Flyer outraces all other racers!”可知，它超越了其他赛车，故Fast Flyer比其他赛车跑得更快。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中）Do you know the job of a travel experience officer (旅行体验官)? It’s an interesting and cool job. Travel experience officers go to different places. They try many travel things, such as comfortable hotels and delicious food. They do many activities, like hiking in mountains, sailing on the sea, or joining festivals. Then they share their real feelings with others. They use words, pictures, or videos. This helps people plan trips better, like where to stay and what to see. To do this job, you needn’t a high education, but your love to traveling. You should know different travel styles, from cheap trips to expensive vacations. Good writing skills help you describe (描述) experiences clearly. Basic photo or video skills let you show how beautiful places are. You must notice small things, like a hotel’s service or the best time to visit a spot. Record every great moment during the trip to write in a lively way. Last but not least, this job also needs a healthy body. Why is this job great? Because every trip is a new experience. One day you might wake up by the sea, and the next climb an old mountain. You’ll meet friends from other countries, learn their cultures, and see amazing views. It’s a wonderful way to see the world and share happy stories and useful tips. However, the job is not always easy. It has its difficulties. Bad weather or transport problems may happen. You must deal with any problems. If you love traveling, are curious (好奇的) about new things, and enjoy sharing, this job could be perfect for you. What a cool way to turn your love for travel into a meaningful job! 1.How does the writer begin the topic? A. By asking a question. B. By telling a story. C. By using a saying. D. By listing numbers. 2.This job needs _______. ① writing skills ②a high education ③photo or video skills ④a healthy body A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④ 3.This job is great because ______. A. it doesn’t need going out B. it can earn a lot of money C. every trip is a new experience D. it’s always easy and comfortable 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to become a famous travel blogger. B. Giving some tips for planning a perfect trip. C. The challenges of traveling to different countries. D. An introduction to the travel experience officer. 5.Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=paragraph 1, ②=paragraph 2,...) A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了旅行体验官这一职业，包括其工作内容、任职要求以及这份工作的魅力和面临的困难。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Do you know the job of a travel experience officer?”可知，文章开篇以问题引入旅行体验官这一职业话题，所以是通过提问的方式开始话题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Good writing skills help you describe experiences clearly. Basic photo or video skills let you show how beautiful places are.”和“Last but not least, this job also needs a healthy body.”可知，这份工作需要写作技能、摄影或摄像技能以及健康的身体；由“To do this job, you needn’t a high education”可知不需要高学历，所以①③④正确。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Why is this job great? Because every trip is a new experience.”可知，这份工作很棒是因为每次旅行都是一次新体验。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读原文可知，文章围绕旅行体验官展开，介绍了其工作内容、要求等，D选项“旅行体验官介”符合文章主旨。故选D。 (5)题解析： 篇章结构题。通读原文可知，第一大段（第1段）总起：这个职业是什么；第二大段（第2、3段）分述从事这份工作需要什么条件、能力和这份工作为什么好，以及它的挑战；第三大段（第4段）总结：发出呼吁。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）Jack is fourteen and he always gets good grades at school. You may think he spends all his time studying, but in fact, he spends some time doing housework every day. He thinks it is relaxing. Let’s see how much housework each member does in his family. 1.What does Jack think of doing housework? A. It’s easy. B. It’s relaxing. C. It’s boring. D. It’s a waste of time. 2.Who does the most housework in Jack’s family? A. Jack. B. Jack’s mom. C. Jack’s dad. D. Jack’s grandma. 3.How many times did Jack take out the rubbish last week? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times. 4.What did Jack do last weekend? ①Swept the floor ②Fed the pet ③Did the dishes ④Made meals ⑤Folded the clothes A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ②③④ D. ①③⑤ 5.What can we learn from the material? A. Jack’s dad does more housework than Jack. B. Jack doesn’t study hard at school. C. Jack’s family doesn’t have a car. D. Jack’s parents thought he did a good job. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. A　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要通过柱状图展示了杰克家各成员做家务的比例，还通过表格呈现了杰克上周做的家务。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“He thinks it is relaxing.”可知，杰克认为做家务是令人放松的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据柱状图可知，妈妈做的家务占的百分比最高，是家里做家务最多的人。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“Take out the rubbish”一行可知，周二、周三、周五有“√”，所以杰克上周共倒垃圾三次。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“Weekend”一列中“Sweep the floor”“Feed the pet”和“Make meals”都有√可知，杰克在周末扫了地、喂了宠物和做了饭。故选A。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据柱状图可知，爸爸做的家务比杰克做的家务多。故选A。 主题语境06 人与自我-节假日活动 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Do you know pleasure of Farmhouse (农家乐)? It’s a new way for holidays in China. Now, more and more people are interested in it, especially young people. Every weekend, thousands of people drive to the countryside. The farmers invite them to their farms even homes. Many people help the farmers work on the farms, such as fishing, watering the crops or picking apples. If you come to the farm, you will fall in love with the country life at once. Here you can listen to the birds, enjoy the beautiful view of countryside, breathe the fresh air and watch the crops grow. You can even taste the fresh produce, such as tomatoes and strawberries. Pleasure of Farmhouse brings a good chance to enjoy the life of countryside, especially for people living in the cities. It can make them relax. One farmer said, “Welcome children to our farms. We will show you where your food comes from.” 1.What is a new way for holidays in China? A. Climbing mountains. B. Doing farm work. C. Pleasure of Farmhouse. D. Fishing. 2.What can visitors do in the countryside? A. They can enjoy the beautiful view. B. They can work with the farmers. C. They can taste the fresh produce. D. They can do all of above. 3.What does the underlined word “view” mean in Chinese? A. 景色 B. 小路 C. 观点 D. 乐趣 4.Pleasure of Farmhouse can make ________ relax. A. farmers B. visitors from cities C. young people D. children 5.In the last paragraph, the farmer said they would show us ________. A. how to work on farm B. where we could grow crops C. where we could make food D. the pleasure of working 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了一种新的度假方式——农家乐。农家乐深受城里人的欢迎，因为农家乐让他们放松，让城里的孩子知道食物的来源。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know pleasure of Farmhouse ? It’s a new way for holidays in China”可知，农家乐是一种新的度假方式。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people help the farmers work on the farms…Here you can listen to the birds, enjoy the beautiful view of countryside, breathe the fresh air and watch the crops grow. You can even taste the fresh produce…”可知，在农场，人们可以干农活、欣赏美景、品尝新鲜的农产品等。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据“enjoy”和“beautiful”可知此处指“欣赏乡村美丽的景色”。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Pleasure of Farmhouse brings a good chance to enjoy the life of countryside, especially for people living in the cities. It can make them relax”可知，农家乐给人们带来了一个享受乡村生活的好机会，它可以让生活在城市的人们放松。故选B。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Welcome children to our farms. We will show you where your food comes from.”将会让城市里的孩子们看到食物是从哪儿来的；可推知，此处指“庄稼在哪儿生长”。故选B。 主题语境07 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 The Venus flytrap (捕蝇草) has special leaves that can close quickly to catch insects. When an insect touches the sensitive hairs on the leaves, the trap will snap shut in a moment. This is how it gets the nutrients (营养物) it needs. It is one of the world’s largest flowers, the Rafflesia (大王花), also known as the king flower. It’s huge and has a very strong smell, which is not very pleasant. It can grow to be over a metre in diameter (直径). There is an unusual mammal (哺乳动物), the platypus (鸭嘴兽). It has a duck-like bill (喙), webbed (有蹼的) feet, and it lays eggs. It’s really a strange combination that makes it one of a kind in the animal kingdom. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) are often regarded as the smartest animals. They have amazing abilities and can learn and remember things quickly. They can use tools, such as using sticks to fish out termites (白蚁) from their nests. 根据语篇内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1.How does the Venus flytrap get the nutrients it needs? A. By absorbing from the soil directly. B. By closing its leaves quickly to catch insects. C. By photosynthesis (光合作用) only. D. By stealing nutrients from other plants. 2.What is a characteristic of the Rafflesia? A. It is very small. B. It has a pleasant smell. C. It can grow to be over a metre in diameter. D. It is a kind of mammal. 3.What makes the platypus an unusual mammal? A. It has a long tail. B. It has a duck-like bill, webbed feet and lays eggs. C. It can fly. D. It lives only in the desert. 4.Chimpanzees are considered smart because ________. A. they can run very fast B. they have beautiful fur C. they can use tools and learn things quickly D. they can swim well 5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Venus flytrap has normal leaves. B. The Rafflesia is the smallest flower in the world. C. The platypus is a common mammal. D. Chimpanzees can use sticks to get termites from their nests. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捕蝇草、大王花、鸭嘴兽和黑猩猩这几种特殊的生物及其特点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Venus flytrap (捕蝇草) has special leaves that can close quickly to catch insects. When an insect touches the sensitive hairs on the leaves, the trap will snap shut in a moment. This is how it gets the nutrients (营养物) it needs.”可知，捕蝇草通过快速闭合叶子捕捉昆虫来获取所需营养。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It can grow to be over a metre in diameter (直径).”可知，大王花的一个特点是直径能长到一米多。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It has a duck-like bill (喙), webbed (有蹼的) feet, and it lays eggs. It’s really a strange combination that makes it one of a kind in the animal kingdom.”可知，鸭嘴兽有着鸭状的喙、有蹼的脚还下蛋，这些特点让它成为一种特殊的哺乳动物。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They have amazing abilities and can learn and remember things quickly. They can use tools, such as using sticks to fish out termites (白蚁) from their nests.”可知，黑猩猩被认为聪明是因为它们能使用工具且学习东西很快。故选C。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They can use tools, such as using sticks to fish out termites (白蚁) from their nests.”可知，黑猩猩能用棍子从白蚁巢里取出白蚁。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）Life in an Ant Colony This diagram shows a small part of an ant colony. Thousands of ants often live together. Groups of ants do different jobs to help the colony. For example, some ants guard the home. They know who to keep out because every ant in the colony has the same smell. Outsiders smell different. 1.What do the labels (标签) in the diagram (图表) show? A. the names of the rooms B. the jobs the ants do C. the kinds of ants living inside D. the food the ants eat 2.Based on the diagram, which one is true? A. All of the ants stay inside. B. The queen ant is protected. C. An ant colony (蚁群) has more than one queen. D. Ants are messy insects. 3.Which word describes the ants? A. Lazy. B. Tired. C. Excited. D. Busy. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了蚂蚁们的不同职责和分工。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据图表中“Guarding the home”，“Storing food”及“Feeding the baby ants”等可知，这些标签展示的是蚂蚁具体从事的工作或职责。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据图表中“Soldier guarding”靠近“Queen laying eggs”可知，有蚂蚁在保护蚁后，说明蚁后是被保护的。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据图表中标签可知，此图表展示了蚂蚁们不停地工作，包括清理入口、储藏食物、挖通道、照顾幼蚁等，它们十分忙碌。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Different Forms of Communication In our daily lives, we communicate in different forms. One of the most common ways is face-to-face communication. When we talk to our friends, family, or teachers in person, we can see their facial (面部的) expressions, body language, and hear the tone of their voices. This helps us understand not only the words they say but also their emotions. For example, a big smile on someone’s face usually means they are happy. When we’re sharing exciting news with a friend over coffee, face-to-face communication makes the moment even more special. Another form is communication through social media. Platforms like WeChat and QQ allow us to chat with people far away. We can share photos, videos, and ideas easily. However, we can’t see the real-time reactions of the other person. For example, when we post a funny story on WeChat Moments, we have to wait for likes and comments to know how others feel. Phone calls are also popular. We can have a quick conversation when we are busy. But sometimes, it’s hard to express complex ideas over the phone. For example, when we need to explain a detailed plan to a colleague (同事), a phone call might not be enough. In short, each form of communication has its own advantages (优点) and disadvantages. We should choose the right one according to different situations. 1.What is one of the most common forms of communication according to the passage? A. Through social media. B. Through phone calls. C. Face-to-face communication. D. By writing letters. 2.What can we understand from face-to-face communication? A. Only the words people say. B. Emotions of people chatting with us. C. The other person’s past experiences. D. The future plans of the speaker. 3.What does the underlined word “Platforms” mean in Para. 2? A. Tools. B. Places. C. Appearances. D. Websites or apps. 4.Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. It’s very easy to express complex ideas through phone calls. B. When we post something on Wechat Moment, we can know how others feel quickly. C. If you want to talk with people far away, you can only use Platforms. D. Each form of communication has its own advantages and disadvantages. 5.What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Phone calls are not useful at all at present (目前). B. Social media is the best way to communicate. C. We should only use face-to-face communication. D. We should choose right communication forms by situations. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. D　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了日常生活中不同的交流形式，包括面对面交流、社交媒体交流和电话交流，每种形式都有其优缺点，并建议人们根据不同的情况选择合适的交流方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“One of the most common ways is face-to-face communication.”可知，最常见的方式之一是面对面交流。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“This helps us understand not only the words they say but also their emotions.”可知，这不仅有助于我们理解他们说的话，还有助于我们了解他们的情绪。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Platforms like WeChat and QQ allow us to chat with people far away.”可知，微信和QQ等平台允许我们与远方的人聊天，这里的Platforms指的是网站或应用程序。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In short, each form of communication has its own advantages (优点) and disadvantages.”可知，每种沟通方式都有其优缺点。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“We should choose the right one according to different situations.”可推知，我们应该根据情况选择正确的沟通方式。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-历史 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中） Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1.Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________. A. He lived a poor life in his childhood B. he had wise thoughts and great views about education C. He traveled with his students from state to state D. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2.Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child. A. by teaching himself at home B. with the help of his mother C. by going to school D. by visiting many famous teacher 3.The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to _________. A. poor B. bright C. rich D. cute 4.The correct order of the following statements is __________. ①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child ②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime ③Confucius’ father died ④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history A. ③①④② B. ②③④① C. ①③②④ D. ④③①② 5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. B. No one has something worthy to be learned. C. All thinking but no study makes people lazy. D. A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了孔子的经历、对教育的贡献及其重要思想。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today.”可知，人们仍然记得并尊敬他，是因为他对当今教育事业的贡献。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知，他拜访了许多名师，学习了音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据划线处所在句子“At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知，当时只有富裕家庭的孩子才能上学，但孔子认为，如果他们想学习，每个人都应该上学。由此推测，孔子认为受教育的权利不应取决于人们是贫穷或富贵。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“His father died when he was only 3.”可知，他三岁时父亲去世了，故③排第一；根据“As a child, he had to work to help his mother”可知，作为一个孩子，他得帮助妈妈工作，故①排第二；根据“Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history.”可知，他成为了一名老师，并建立了中国历史上第一所公众学校，故④排第三；根据“He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.”可知，他一生大约有3000多名学生，故②排最末。正确的顺序为③①④②。故选A。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy”以及“ A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.”可知，只学习不思考使人困惑。只会思考而不学习会使人懒惰。一个人应该严格要求自己，但要善待他人，没有提及“没有人有值得学习的东西。”。故选B。 主题语境03 人与社会-文学 （25-26八上·山东东营实验中学·期中）Are fables (寓言故事) and fairy tales (童话) different or the same? They are both stories for kids, but fables are stories for adults (成人), too. Fables are usually short stories. They were passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children. Fables can teach lessons to people. People can learn much from them. Most of the characters are animals. They can talk and act like humans. The most famous fables were written by a man called Aesop. There are over three hundred fables in Aesop’s Fables. The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing are three examples. Fairy tales are usually stories for children, often about magic characters such as fairies (仙女) and giants (巨人). Sometimes the characters are animals. We are able to enjoy these fairy tales because about two hundred years ago, Brothers Grimm traveled all over Germany and collected (收集) these stories before people forgot them. There are lots of fairy tales in Grimm’s Fairy Tales, such as Sleeping Beauty, The Frog Prince, The Death of the Little Hen, The Fisherman and His Wife and The Strange Musician. 1.What is the main purpose of fables according to the passage? A. To make people laugh. B. To teach people lessons. C. To show the magic of animals. D. To tell stories about famous people. 2.What are most of the characters in fables? A. Humans. B. Fairies. C. Giants. D. Animals. 3.Which of the following is a fable? A. The Frog Prince. B. The Strange Musician. C. The Lion and the Mouse. D. Sleeping Beauty. 4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Fables are stories only for adults. B. There are over 300 fables in Aesop’s Fables. C. The characters in fairy tales are often magic. D. Brothers Grimm did a lot in collecting fairy tales. 5.What’s the passage mainly about? A. Two famous foreign writers. B. Differences between fables and fairy tales. C. Famous fables and fairy tales. D. The reason why kids like reading stories. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了寓言故事和童话故事的区别。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Fables can teach lessons to people. People can learn much from them.”可知，寓言的主要目的是给人们传授道理。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Most of the characters are animals.”可知，寓言中的大多数角色是动物。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“There are over three hundred fables in Aesop’s Fables. The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing are three examples.”可知，《狮子和老鼠》是寓言故事。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They are both stories for kids, but fables are stories for adults, too.”可知，寓言不只是写给成人的故事，选项A 表述错误。故选A。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章开头提出“Are fables and fairy tales different or the same?”，随后分别介绍了寓言和童话的特点，主要介绍了两者的区别。故选B。 主题语境04 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·山东东营实验中学·期中）When you do your homework, you may often meet some problems. What will you do? Tom, a middle school student, will take out his smart phone, go online and look for answers. Many students do homework in the same way as Tom. “It is fast and easy,” Tom says. “You also learn by seeing how others work them out. It’s very helpful for our study,” says John, another student. John’s Chinese teacher often asks students to give reports on great writers in class. When it comes to John’s turn, he usually goes online for help. “I never take any computer lessons, but I’ve become very good at finding information online and using the computer,” John said. However, many people think doing like this also brings problems. Some students just copy (抄袭) the answers online without thinking. In the end, they become lazy. Head teacher Mr. Wang in Tom and John’s school thinks that knowing how to use the Internet is important. The most important thing is to have good self-control (控制). “When you meet a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. Remember not to use the Internet too much,” the teacher said. “Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers, or you won’t learn anything at all. If you can’t do well in self-control, ask your parents for help.” 1.What does the underlined word “It” refer to? A. Looking for homework answers from books. B. Using the Internet to help with homework. C. Asking teachers for help to do homework. D. Copying classmates’ homework answers. 2.Why does John become good at computer? A. Taking computer lessons. B. Using the computer for fun. C. Preparing his class report. D. Learning from his teachers. 3.In Mr. Wang’ mind, what should students do first when they meet problems in homework? A. Stop and rest. B. Use the Internet. C. Learn self-control. D. Think by themselves. 4.According to Mr. Wang, what is the most important thing for students to use the Internet for homework? A. Use the Internet too much. B. Have good self-control. C. Find the answer first and think about it. D. Ask the parents for help 5.What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A. To encourage students to use the Internet more for their homework. B. To show that using the Internet for homework has both good and bad sides. C. To tell students that using the Internet for homework is a bad idea. D. To explain why students should never ask parents for help. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了学生利用互联网完成作业的现象，既介绍了其好处，也指出了存在的问题，并给出了合理使用互联网的建议。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Tom, a middle school student, will take out his smart phone, go online and look for answers. Many students do homework in the same way as Tom. ‘It is fast and easy,’ Tom says.”可知，It指代的是用互联网辅助完成作业的方式。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“John’s Chinese teacher often asks students to give reports on great writers in class. When it comes to John’s turn, he usually goes online for help…I’ve become very good at finding information online and using the computer”可知，约翰是因为准备课堂报告而频繁使用电脑，从而变得擅长电脑操作。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“‘When you meet a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first.’ the teacher said.”可知，王老师认为学生遇到作业难题时，首先应该自己思考。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Head teacher Mr. Wang… thinks that knowing how to use the internet is important. The most important thing is to have good self-control”可知，王老师认为学生用互联网完成作业时，最重要的是具备良好的自控力。故选B。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章既提到了利用互联网完成作业的好处，也指出了其弊端，所以作者的主要目的是说明这种方式既有优点也有缺点。故选B。 主题语境05 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东济南育英教育集团·期中）Everyone knows that bees are busy. There is even a saying in English that one can be “as busy as a bee”. However, little is known about how bees play. Researchers have discovered one way that bees could relax after a busy day making honey—they play with balls. The researchers are from Queen Mary University of London. They did different tests on bees “playing” with different things. The insects particularly liked playing with small wooden balls. The researchers said the way bees played was a little like how humans play. Younger bees rolled more balls than older bees, while adult males spent more time playing with balls than adult females did. The researchers experimented on 45 bees in a specially designed test area. The bees were given two options. The first choice was to fly or walk directly to get a sugary treat. The second choice was to get to the treat by going around different colored wooden balls. Most of the bees decided to play with the balls and then get their treat. A researcher said the experiments showed that bees are more thoughtful than people believed. She said, “Bees are a million miles from the mindless, unfeeling creatures they are traditionally believed to be.” She added that,“This research showed that insect minds are far more sophisticated (复杂的) than we might imagine.” 1.The saying “as busy as a bee” is usually used to describe ________. A. the bee that is too busy to have a rest B. the bee that makes plenty of honey every day C. a person who always has a lot of work to do D. the bee that likes playing with balls while relaxing 2.What’s the purpose of the author writing Paragraph 2? A. To tell us bees like to relax by playing with balls. B. To explain why bees relax by playing with balls. C. To list the ways bees relax after a busy day. D. To show how bees are busy making honey 3.The meaning of the underlined word “options” is close to the word “________”. A. boards B. choices C. ways D. chances 4.What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? ①Bees are more thoughtful than people believed. ②Bees are more mindful and much cleverer than humans. ③Insect minds are far more sophisticated than we might imagine. ④Bees prefer to get honey by traveling around balls rather than walking straight to it. A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②③④ 5.Where may this article come from? A. A nature magazine. B. A school notice. C. A novel. D. An art book. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍研究发现蜜蜂忙碌一天后会玩球放松，表明蜜蜂比人们想象中更有思想，昆虫思维更复杂。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Everyone knows that bees are busy. There is even a saying in English that one can be ‘as busy as a bee’.”可知，“as busy as a bee”常用来形容人很忙，有很多工作要做，故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“Researchers have discovered one way that bees could relax after a busy day making honey—they play with balls.”可知，第二段主要是告诉我们蜜蜂喜欢通过玩球来放松，故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“The bees were given two options. The first choice was to fly or walk directly to get a sugary treat. The second choice was to get to the treat by going around different colored wooden balls.”可知，“options”意思是“选择”，与“choices”意思相近，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“A researcher said the experiments showed that bees are more thoughtful than people believed.”可知①正确；文中并没有提及蜜蜂比人类更聪明有思想，②错误；根据“She added that, ‘This research showed that insect minds are far more sophisticated(复杂的) than we might imagine.’”可知③正确；根据“Most of the bees decided to play with the balls and then get their treat.”可知④正确，所以①③④正确，故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了关于蜜蜂玩耍的研究，属于自然科学类内容，最有可能来自自然杂志，故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Scientists say climate (气候) change has something to do with American birds. A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years. This change in size follows a rule called Bergmann’s Rule. The rule says that animals in colder areas are usually larger than those in warmer areas. That’s because larger animals are able to keep warmer. As the climate changes, especially facing rising temperatures, ________. Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too. What does this mean? First, climate change is happening faster than ever before, so animals may not be able to change fast enough. Besides, when an animal becomes smaller, other things will change. When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population. This shows the bigger problem with climate change— people are not able to know ahead (预先) what will happen when the earth’s temperature keeps rising, and that is the real danger. 1.How many kinds of American birds became smaller in size in the past 38 years? A. 38. B. 52. C. 700. D. 70,000. 2.Which of the following can be put in“________ ” in Paragraph 3? A. animals now have to make changes B. animals won’t feel cold C. animals don’t need to move in winter D. animals are in danger 3.What does the underlined word “identical” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Famous. B. New. C. Same. D. Wonderful. 4.What will happen if the body of an animal gets smaller? A. It will move to cold areas. B. It will have a smaller population. C. It will be difficult for it to live. D. It will become smaller and smaller. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Different Kinds of American Birds B. Protect Birds in the World C. Birds Study in the USA D. Danger of Climate Change 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章讨论了气候变化导致美国52种常见鸟类在过去38年体型变小的现象，这种现象遵循贝格曼法则，即寒冷地区的动物通常比温暖地区的动物体型大。随着气候变暖，一些动物体型缩小以适应环境。这种变化可能导致种群数量减少，突显了气候变化的不确定性和潜在危险。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years.”可知，在过去38年中有52种美国鸟类的体型变小了。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据下文“Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too.”可知，这一段讨论的是气候变化对动物的影响，特别是体型的变化，后文举例说明了鸟类和鱼的尺寸都随着气候变化而变小，因此选项A“动物现在必须做出改变”符合语境。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too.”可知，此处描述鱼类跟鸟类一样，身体尺寸也变小了，因此推测identical的意思是“相同的”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population.”可知，体型变小可能导致动物产生的后代数量减少，进而可能改变种群数量。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了气候变化对鸟类体型的影响以及这种变化的潜在危险。选项D“气候变化的危险”最能概括文章的主旨，因此是最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东济宁学院附属中学·期中）It seems to be strange to you that there is a blind spot (盲点) on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear (消失), when one eye is open. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, you can see the letter again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing. Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eyes. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, you can’t see it. That is why either of the letters disappears. 1.The writer of the passage thinks that ______________there is a blind spot on the eyes. A. few people know B. no one knows C. most people know D. all the people know 2.You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because ______________. A. your eyes are poor B. its image falls on the blind spot C. your left eye is not open D. you move it close to your eye 3.In which order (顺序) should you do the experiment? ①Hold the card ②Move the card nearer ③Close your right eye ④Write two English letters ⑤Look at the letter R ⑥Make a card A. ④⑥①②③⑤ B. ①③⑥④⑤② C. ⑥①④③②⑤ D. ⑥④①③⑤② 4.The passage mainly (主要) tells us ______________. A. the blind spot can move B. an interesting experiment C. where the blind spot is D. there is a blind spot on the eyes 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. D 【解析】这篇短文主要介绍了人的眼睛上有个盲点。这件事很少有人知道。作者通过一个试验，证明了这一现象。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据短文第一段 It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot on the eyes你眼睛上有一个盲点对于你来说这似乎是奇怪的，可知，很多人是不知道眼睛有盲点这件事。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段When the image(影像)of the letter falls on the blind spot，it won’t be seen描述，可知当字母的影像落在盲点，就不能被看到。故选B。 (3)题解析： 归纳理解题。根据第二段描述的实验步骤，故选D。 (4)题解析： 归纳理解题。根据短文的主要内容可知作者用过试验证明了盲点的存在，故选D。 主题语境06 人与自我-个人兴趣 （25-26八上·山东淄博博山一中·期中）Things to Do Before You Are 18 Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late. Learn to swim Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like water-skiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it. Try at least one kind of team sport Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages (优点) of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends. Collect something One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect all kinds of stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets for films you have seen or emails from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget. 1.The most important reason for learning to swim is that ________. A. it can save your life B. it can make you healthy C. you might easily do lots of things D. it can make you sad 2.“A good social life” in the passage means “________”. A. You’ll study in groups B. You’ll go to parties and make many friends C. You’ll take part in many matches D. You’ll take part in many activities 3.The writer tells us that one of the best hobbies is to ________. A. sing songs B. do some water sports C. send emails to your friends D. collect something 4.The passage is mainly about ________ before you are 18. A. good habits to keep B. skills to have C. three things to do D. important things 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了18岁前应该尝试的三件事：学会游泳、参加至少一种团队运动以及培养收集物品的爱好。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life.”可知，学习游泳最重要的原因是它能救命。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.”可知，团队通常也有丰富的社交生活——你会参加很多聚会并结交许多朋友，可推知，“a good social life”指的是通过参加团队运动拓大社交圈。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things.”可推知，作者推荐的爱好是收集东西。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“18岁前应做的三件事”展开，分别介绍了游泳、团队运动和收集物品。故选C。 主题语境07 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·山东济宁学院附属中学·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply an acquaintance(熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1.If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A. pest friends B. guest friends C. best friends D. true friends 2.The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A. how to make a best friend B. how to learn from your best friends C. what a best friend is D. a best friend can correct you when you are wrong 3.From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. pest friends are more important than guest friends B. we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C. a best friend hardly does anything bad to you D. a pest friend will never become your best friend 4.Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories...such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，如果你和John是邻居和同学，一起做事但不分享感受，你们就是“客人朋友”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 段落大意题。根据“The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest.”和整段内容可知，本段主要谈论什么是“最好的朋友”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose(故意地) to hurt you.”可知，最好的朋友几乎不会对你做一些不好的事情。故选C。 (4)题解析： 篇章结构题。根据文章①第一段“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends.”可知首先引出主题：不同的三种朋友；②第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述；③最后一段进行总结可知，本文属于总分总结构。故选B。 主题语境08 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东济南育英教育集团·期中）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ________ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try too. 1.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A. Giving a card. B. Getting a card. C. Keeping a card. D. Making a card. 2.Which can you put in ________? A. Keep busy. B. Clean up the room. C. Work hard. D. Sweep the bathroom. 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. The writer’s parents think making cards is a little thing. B. The writer is not willing to keep the room clean. C. The writer can cook a meal by himself. D. When the writer does something wrong, he will say sorry to his parents. 4.Which is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 5.What’s the best title for the passage? A. Best Gifts for Parents B. Interesting Things to Do with Children C. Ways to Show Our Love for Parents D. Places to Have Fun with Family Members 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了制作卡片、打扫房间等多种向父母表达爱的方式，倡导孩子用行动表达对父母的爱。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it.”可知，“it”指代的是上文提到的“Making a card”，故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room?”可知，此段主要说的是打扫房间，“Clean up the room”符合语境，故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them.”可知，作者做错事时会向父母道歉，故选D。 (4)题解析： 篇章结构题。结合全文可知，第一段总述“应向父母表达爱，以下是我的方法”；第二至五段分别介绍“制作卡片、打扫房间、做饭、道歉与道谢”四种具体方式，整体为“总—分”结构。故选A。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了向父母表达爱的多种方式，“Ways to Show Our Love for Parents”最能概括文章主旨，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东聊城茌平区实验中学·期中）How to Turn Your Ideas into Reality (现实) We all have ideas—maybe it’s learning a new language, starting a blog (博客), or building a model airplane. But how do we make these ideas happen? Here are some practical steps. First, write your idea down. Putting your idea on paper makes it more concrete (具体的) than just thinking about it. It becomes a real goal. Next, break the big goal into small, manageable tasks. For example, if your goal is to run a marathon, you don’t start by running 42 kilometers on the first day. You start by running one kilometer, then two, and slowly increase the distance. These small tasks are less scary and easier to achieve. Then, create a simple plan. Decide when and where you will work on these small tasks. Maybe you will practice the guitar for 20 minutes every day after school. This habit makes progress steady. It’s also important to tell a friend or family member about your goal. They can encourage you and help you stay responsible. Don’t be afraid of obstacles (障碍). You will face difficulties. Maybe you get sick and miss a week of practice, or you find a task harder than you thought. The key is not to give up. Adjust (调整) your plan if necessary, but keep the final goal in mind. Finally, celebrate small victories! Each time you complete a small task, reward yourself. This positive reinforcement (强化) will keep you motivated. Remember, every big achievement is a series of small steps. Start small, stay consistent, and you will be amazed at what you can make happen. 1.What is the first step to make an idea happen according to the passage? A. Tell a friend about it. B. Break it into small tasks. C. Write it down on paper. D. Create a detailed plan. 2.Why does the writer suggest breaking a big goal into small tasks? A. Because small tasks are more fun. B. Because small tasks are less frightening and easier to do. C. Because it takes less time to finish small tasks. D. Because people enjoy doing easy things. 3.What does the word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Small tasks. B. Ideas. C. A friend or family member. D. Obstacles. 4.What should you do when you face obstacles? A. Change your plan if needed but don’t quit. B. Forget about the final goal. C. Give up immediately and set a new goal. D. Ask someone else to finish the task for you. 5.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell an interesting story about goals. B. To explain why ideas are important. C. To give advice on achieving personal goals. D. To discuss different types of goals people have. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何将想法变为现实，提供了一系列实用的步骤和建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, write your idea down. Putting your idea on paper makes it more concrete than just thinking about it.”可知，第一步是将想法写在纸上。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Next, break the big goal into small, manageable tasks. …These small tasks are less scary and easier to achieve.”可知，作者建议将大目标分解成小任务是因为小任务不那么可怕，更容易完成。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“It’s also important to tell a friend or family member about your goal. They can encourage you and help you stay responsible.”可知，告诉朋友或家人你的目标很重要，他们可以鼓励你并帮助你保持责任感。因此，“they”指的是朋友或家人。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Don’t be afraid of obstacles. …The key is not to give up. Adjust your plan if necessary, but keep the final goal in mind.”可知，面对障碍时，如果需要可以调整计划，但不要放弃。故选A。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段中“But how do we make these ideas happen? Here are some practical steps.”可知，文章的主要目的是给出实现个人目标的建议。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东淄博张店·期中）Some people think only school children have trouble getting on with their parents. However, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some suggestions about getting on well with parents. Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t talk with your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t think over your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express (表达) yourself well if you are angry. Go for a walk to cool off and think about what you want to say to your parents. Try to reach an agreement. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement, but try your best to understand them. Sometimes your parents might not accept your reasons for something. In these situations, it is important to show love and respect (尊重) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values (价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from yours. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them understand you better. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. 1.________ might have trouble getting on with their parents. A. Only school children B. Only young children C. Children of all ages D. Only grown-up children 2.The underlined word “suggestions” in this passage means ________. A. advice B. signs C. messages D. examples 3.When you are angry, ________. A. you shouldn’t talk to your parents B. you could shout at your parents C. you could express yourself well D. you should try to reach an agreement 4.The passage is mainly about ________. A. how to show love and respect to parents B. when to talk about values with parents C. what to say to parents when something happens D. how to build up a good relationship with parents 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文讲述的是孩子与父母之间沟通存在的问题，以及与父母和谐相处的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.”可知，各年龄段的孩子都可能和父母相处有困难。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Here are some suggestions about getting on well with parents”及后文的相处方法可知，suggestions意为“建议”，对应选项A“advice”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Don’t talk with your parents when you are angry.”可知，作者建议生气的时候不应该和父母交谈。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Here are some suggestions about getting on well with parents.”及全文内容可知，文章主要关于如何与父母建立良好关系。故选D。 主题语境09 人与自我-日常活动 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区日照港中学·期中）①Does anybody like doing housework? Should children do housework? For some children, doing housework may be their last choice. For many parents, getting their children to do some housework is also one big headache. However, a Malaysian mother found a creative way. ②Nurafiza came up with a rewarding (奖励) plan for her two sons at home and put it online. She gave them money for some housework. Nurafiza also opened a “supermarket” at home for her kids. They could buy candies there from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. The money she gave to her kids was a kind of prop (道具). ③Because of this, Nurafiza’s children are now more love to do housework. Her post got over 15,000 likes and was shared over 27,000 times online. Many parents began to imitate her. In other words, they use the same way to teach their children. ④In fact, doing housework can play a very important role in children’s growth. First, it teaches children necessary skills for living, such as cooking and cleaning. Second, it is a good way to help children keep healthy. Third, it makes parents and children closer. Finally, a child can grow into a responsible (有责任感的) and independent (独立的) person by helping with the housework. 1.How does the writer begin the text? A. By asking questions. B. By giving examples. C. By telling stories. D. By using old sayings. 2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Nurafiza’s mini market. B. Nurafiza’s two children. C. Nurafiza’s online prop. D. Nurafiza’s rewarding plan. 3.What does the underlined word “imitate” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Invite B. Love C. Follow D. Believe 4.What’s the purpose of the text? A. To ask parents to do housework. B. To teach kids how to do housework. C. To let family do housework together. D. To encourage children to do more housework. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文通过马来西亚一位母亲用奖励计划鼓励孩子做家务的例子，引出做家务对孩子成长的重要性，并鼓励孩子多做家务。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Does anybody like doing housework? Should children do housework?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章。故选A。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Nurafiza came up with a rewarding plan for her two sons at home and put it online.”以及后文对奖励计划的具体描述可知，第二段主要讲述了Nurafiza的奖励计划。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Many parents began to imitate her. In other words, they use the same way to teach their children.”可知，许多父母开始模仿她，即他们用同样的方式来教他们的孩子，因此“imitate”意为“模仿，跟随”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, doing housework can play a very important role in children’s growth.”以及全文内容可知，文章旨在鼓励孩子多做家务。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东淄博博山一中·期中）Maybe it is because they live a harder life. Our advice to parents in big cities is that parents should give their children some chores to do. Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves. Let’s look at the following chart (表格). Chores 2000 teenagers in small villages 2000 teenagers in big cities Take out the trash 1600 1000 Sweep the floor 1200 850 Make the bed 1400 750 Do the dishes 1100 600 Fold the clothes 900 1500 1.They surveyed ________ teenagers from small villages. A. 1,000 B. 2,000 C. 3,000 D. 4,000 2.There are 1,000 teenagers from the cities who ________. A. take out the trash B. do the dishes C. make the bed D. fold the clothes 3.The number of teenagers ________ in big cities is bigger than that in small villages. A. making the bed B. taking out the trash C. folding the clothes D. doing the dishes 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，通过对比农村和大城市青少年做家务的情况，建议大城市家长让孩子多做家务以培养自理能力。表格数据展示了五项家务在不同地区的参与人数差异。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“2000 teenagers in small villages”可知，调查对象为2000名农村青少年。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Take out the trash…1000”可知，来自城市的1000名青少年会倒垃圾。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。对比表格中“Fold the clothes”一项，小村庄青少年数量是900，大城市是1500，大城市数量更多。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 （25-26八上·山东济南稼轩学校·期中）Beijing is known as a large and busy city. But if you walk down one of its main streets into a small alley (巷), you may find something different—Beijing’s hutongs! People say they live in hutongs, but in fact, they live in the buildings on one side of the hutongs. Hutongs are the alleys between houses. Beijing has been China’s capital city for over 700 years. As the city grows, the number of its people and houses is becoming larger and larger. Now there are more than 6,000 hutongs in Beijing. If all of them were connected end to end, the line would not be shorter than the Great Wall. Among all these hutongs, there are certainly some exceptional ones. While most of them are straight, some are curved (弯曲的). Jiuwan Hutong is the one with the most curves. It’s only about 390 meters long. Its name means nine curves, the narrowest hutong in Beijing is called Qianshi Hutong. It is only 40 cm wide at its narrowest point. In this hutong, only one person can pass at a time. Beijing people love hutongs because they bring them a lot of fun and relaxation. In the hutongs, people can enjoy the sun, sing songs and play chess with their neighbors. They can talk with others and listen to some stories. Hutongs are not only a symbol of Beijing’s culture, but also an important part of China’s national culture. So people try to keep them well as historical places of interest. 1.What are hutongs according to the passage? A. They are alleys with a history of 800 years. B. They are alleys in the center of Beijing. C. They are alleys between houses. D. They are alleys in the Great Wall. 2.How many hutongs are there in Beijing now? A. Only 390. B. About 400. C. Less than 700. D. Over 6,000. 3.What does the underlined word “exceptional” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Special. B. Natural. C. Usual. D. Common. 4.What can we infer (推断) about the future of hutongs according to the last paragraph? A. They will all be broken apart. B. They will be protected as historical places. C. They will be replaced (替代) by modern buildings. D. They will never be used by Beijingers. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Beijing—A Busy City B. Beijing’s Hutongs C. Places of Interest in Beijing D. Streets and Houses in Beijing 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了北京胡同的特点、历史、现状及其文化意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Hutongs are the alleys between houses.”可知，胡同是房屋之间的巷道。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第3段“Now there are more than 6,000 hutongs in Beijing.”可知，北京现有6000多条胡同。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“Among all these hutongs, there are certainly some exceptional ones. While most of them are straight, some are curved (弯曲的).”可知，大多数胡同是直的，有些是弯的。结合选项可推知，在这些胡同中有一些是特别的胡同，因此划线词意为“特别的”，与“Special”同义。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后1段“So people try to keep them well as historical places of interest.”可知，胡同将作为历史名胜受到保护。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。全文围绕北京胡同展开，介绍了其定义、数量、特色和文化意义，因此最佳标题是“北京胡同”。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-通讯与媒体 （25-26八上·山东青岛超银中学-11月·期中）There are many TV programs about Chinese dishes, but few are like A Bite Of China (《舌尖上的中国》). The seven-part documentary (纪录片) tells us food in different places in China. The different kinds of food on TV are from 60 places. You can see many kinds of food and they can capture your eyes and stomach. And you can also learn how to make the food. That’s why the program becomes so popular. However, the program is not only about food. There are many different stories between food and people. To know good stories, workers of the documentary spent three months doing research (调查) and nine months filming. Liu Wen, one of the workers, says the stories also showed the social transformations (社会变迁). “The program is like a window. It makes the world know more about China. And it helps people around the world not only enjoy Chinese dishes, but also learn Chinese culture.” he said. 1.There are ________ parts in the documentary A Bite Of China. A. five B. six C. seven D. eight 2.The underlined word “capture” means “________” in Chinese. A. 弥补 B. 俘获 C. 填补 D. 吞没 3.How long did the workers spend finishing the whole program? A. Three months. B. Nine months. C. Six months. D. A year. 4.From the article we know ________. A. A Bite of China is very popular in the foreign countries B. Liu Wen is a leader of the documentary C. We can see many different kinds of food in the documentary D. Learning how to make Chinese dishes is very popular now 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A. Bite of China B. Food in Different Places in China C. Chinese Dishes D. Chinese culture 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纪录片《舌尖上的中国》。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The seven-part documentary (纪录片) tells us food in different places in China.”，可知这部纪录片有七集。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据上文“You can see many kinds of food”（你可以看到各种各样的食物）和下文“your eyes and stomach”（你的眼睛和胃），再结合语境，可知是俘获你的眼睛和胃，“capture”表示“俘获”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“To know good stories, workers of the documentary spent three months doing research (调查) and nine months filming.”可知为了了解好故事，纪录片的工作人员花了三个月的时间做调查，九个月的时间拍摄，共计一年。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The different kinds of food on TV are from 60 places. You can see many kinds of food and they can capture your eyes and stomach.”（电视上不同种类的食物来自60个地方。你可以看到各种各样的食物，它们可以俘获你的眼睛和胃），可知选项C“我们可以在纪录片中看到许多不同种类的食物”，表述正确。故选C。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文，可知文章围绕纪录片《舌尖上的中国》展开。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （25-26八上·山东济南稼轩学校·期中） Did your family move before? How did you adjust (适应) to life in a new place? Nowadays, scientists have helped some Burrowing Owls settle (安置) into their new homes. Burrowing owls are small brown long-legged birds. They make homes in underground burrows (洞穴) and prefer to live in groups. In California, the USA, there is another kind of owls called the Western Burrowing Owl. In the past, these owls lived in the grasslands. Later, people began building cities on many of the grasslands. This drove the owls off their burrows. Some of these birds were unable to find new homes. As a result, the number of Western Burrowing Owls in California was fewer than that in 1965. If the number keeps falling, they will be at risk of dying out. Luckily, scientists found out the problem some years ago. They soon began trying to move these owls to some protected grasslands. In order to make the birds feel more “at home”, scientists played the recording sound of owl calls in these areas. They also used white paint to make fake droppings (假粪便) of the owls. This made the birds believe that other owls were living there. As a result, they accepted (接受) their new home and stayed there. Scientists returned to check on the owls. Most of them seemed to like their new homes. Good luck to them enjoying their new lives there! 1.What can we know about Burrowing Owls according to Paragraph 2? A. They like living in groups. B. They only stay in California. C. They make homes in the trees. D. They have small black legs. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Burrowing Owls moved into new homes. B. The number of Burrowing Owls fell down. C. Burrowing Owls found new homes in cities. D. Burrowing Owls had no places to live in 1965. 3.What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A. Playing the recording. B. Painting owls white. C. Making fake droppings. D. Recording the sound of owl. 4.What can we infer from the article? A. People won’t build their cities on the grassland. B. Scientists won’t find ways to protect these owls. C. Burrowing Owls will die out in the near future. D. More Burrowing Owls will live in new homes. 5.What’s the best title for this article? A. Burrowing Owls B. People and Nature C. Burrowing Owls’ New Home D. Burrowing Owls and Scientists 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了穴鸮的习性、因城市扩张导致的生存危机，以及科学家通过播放叫声、制造假粪便等方法帮助它们适应新栖息地的保护措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They make homes underground burrows (洞穴) and prefer to live in groups.”可知，穴鸮喜欢群居，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“This drove the owls off their burrows. Some of these birds were unable to find new homes. As a result, the number of Western Burrowing Owls in California was fewer than that in 1965.”可知，穴鸮的数量下降了，故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“They also used white paint to make fake droppings (假粪便) of the owls. This made the birds believe that other owls were living there.”可知，科学家们制作穴鸮的假粪便，让穴鸮相信那里住着其他穴鸮，所以“This”指的是制作假粪便，故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Scientists returned to check on the owls. Most of them seemed to like their new homes.”可推知，更多的穴鸮会在新家园生活，故选D。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了科学家帮助穴鸮搬到新家园的事情，“Burrowing Owls’ New Home”最能概括文章内容，故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区日照港中学·期中）A healthy living place must be in balance (平衡). What does this stand for (代表)? Here it is. As a rule, rabbits eat plants. The rabbits keep the plants under control. Tigers eat rabbits. They make sure there are not too many rabbits. This is how the nature stays balanced. But sometimes, things can get out of balance. A swamp (沼泽) in Florida is not in balance. What is the problem? There are too many large snakes. The snakes didn’t live in the swamp in the past. Why? Because some pet keepers let their pet snakes stay in the swamp. Their numbers become bigger and bigger. There are too many large snakes now. They are eating too much of the native wildlife (当地野生动物). So they are bad for the natural environment in the swamp. The snakes eat rabbits and other small animals. In the end, there is less food for large fish and wild cats. Now all of the wildlife in the swamp is becoming hungry. To stop this problem, some people are trying to catch the snakes and take them away from the swamp. But it’s not easy because the snakes are very good at hiding. We need to be careful about what animals we bring into different environments so that we don’t break the balance of nature. 1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. What the animals eat. B. Where the animals live. C. How the nature stays balanced. D. Why the nature needs balance. 2.A swamp in Florida is not in balance because __________. A. too many large snakes appear B. there is more native wildlife in it C. large fish and wild cats are gone D. many pet keepers come to live in it 3.What does the underlined words “this problem” refer to(指代)? A. There is more food for small animals. B. Some people are trying to catch the snakes. C. The wildlife in the swamp is becoming hungry now. D. The animals in Florida live in different environments. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. The balance of nature. B. A swamp in Florida. C. The wildlife in Florida. D. The natural environment. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文讲述了栖息地平衡的重要性，并以弗罗里达州沼泽的大蛇过多为例说明栖息地不平衡的危害。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文中的句子“As a rule, rabbits eat plants. The rabbits keep the plants under control. Tigers eat rabbits. They make sure there are not too many rabbits. This is how the nature stays balanced.”可知，第一段主要讲述了大自然是如何保持平衡的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中的句子“A swamp (沼泽) in Florida is not in balance. What is the problem? There are too many large snakes. The snakes didn’t live in the swamp in the past.”可知，弗罗里达州的一个沼泽地不平衡，是因为有太多的大蛇出现。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文中的句子“Now all of the wildlife in the swamp is becoming hungry.”可知，划线单词this problem指的是沼泽里的野生动物现在变得饥饿了。故选C。 (4)题解析： 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了自然界的平衡以及在佛罗里达州的一个沼泽地由于外来蛇类的引入导致生态失衡的问题，因此最佳标题为“自然的平衡”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东济南山东大学附属中学·期中）The ocean is full of amazing living things. It’s also full of plastic. That’s bad news for deep-diving (深潜) whales, as they can mistake the plastic for food and eat it. Why do whales mistake plastic for prey? A team at the Duke University Marine (海洋) lab in the US has been looking into this question. Recently, the team has provided an answer. It all comes down to echolocation (回声定位): a natural process that allows whales to hear objects in the darkest depths of the sea. Some types of whales hunt in the deepest parts of the ocean, where there’s little light. It’s too dark for them to see, but they can hear. First, the whales make a sound and then they listen. They hear echoes bouncing off (反射) nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The echoes bounce off prey like squid (鱿鱼), and they also bounce off objects that are not food like waste. The scientists found that waste and prey cause similar echoes to the whales. They sound so similar that can cause the whales to eat waste. However, eating waste is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly. Plastic pollution influences animals that are so far away from our daily lives, says Greg Merrill, the lead author of the study. This problem is really big. People need to make real changes in their daily lives and then find the types of solutions we need to solve this problem. 1.What does the underlined word “prey” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Food. B. Drinks. C. Dance. D. Sound. 2.Why do some whales use echolocation when hunting? A. They hunt in dark deep-sea areas where they can’t see clearly. B. They are afraid of other big sea animals in the ocean. C. They need to make loud sounds to scare their prey. D. They want to find other whales to hunt together. 3.What did the team from Duke University find? A. Whales like to eat plastic because it tastes like their prey. B. Echolocation can help whales avoid all dangerous objects. C. Plastic and whales’ prey produce similar echoes. D. Deep-sea plastic is more dangerous than shallow-sea plastic. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How whales use echolocation to find food in the deep ocean. B. Why whales eat plastic and the danger it brings to them. C. What people can do to reduce plastic pollution in the ocean. D. How scientists study the living habits of deep-diving whales. 5.What can we infer from the passage? A. Whales need better eyesight. B. Only deep whales face plastic danger. C. People’s daily life helps solve plastic pollution. D. Scientists have a way to help whales. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述海洋塑料污染，鲸鱼因回声定位误把塑料当食物，危害极大，呼吁人们减少塑料污染。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“That’s bad news for deep-diving (深潜) whales, as they can mistake the plastic for food and eat it. Why do whales mistake plastic for prey?”可知，前文提到了鲸鱼会把塑料误认为食物而吃掉，因此“prey”指鲸鱼捕食的对象，即“食物”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Some types of whales hunt in the deepest parts of the ocean, where there’s little light. It’s too dark for them to see, but they can hear.”可知，鲸鱼使用回声定位是因为在黑暗环境中无法依靠视力，只能依靠听觉。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The scientists found that waste and prey cause similar echoes to the whales.”可知，科学家发现废物和猎物产生的回声对鲸鱼来说很相似，故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要讨论鲸鱼误食塑料的原因及其危害，最后提到解决塑料污染需要人们改变生活方式。选项B“为什么鲸鱼吃塑料和它带来的危险”概括了全文核心内容。故选B。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“People need to make real changes in their daily lives and then find the types of solutions we need to solve this problem.”可知，人们需要在日常生活中做出真正的改变，然后找到解决这个问题的方案。由此可推断，人们的日常生活改变（如减少塑料使用）有助于解决塑料污染问题，因此选项C“人们的日常生活有助于解决塑料污染”是合理的推断。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东青岛超银中学-11月·期中）Scientists from Spain and the Netherlands did a study and discovered that road traffic noise near schools could cause problems for children. In the study, Maria Foraster and her team from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health worked with 2,680 children aged 7-10 at 38 schools in Barcelona, Spain. They tested the children’s thinking and memory skills by giving them four computer tests over a year. There searchers looked at the noise both inside and outside the schools. They also estimated (估算) the noise levels at the children’s homes. Air pollution, people’s home locations, and other related factors (相关因素) were also considered. The results showed that children in noisy schools had a hard time remembering and paying attention to things compared to children in quiet schools. When children were inside the classroom, changing traffic noise was an even bigger problem for them than just loud traffic noise. And no connection was found between noise at home and children’s learning abilities. One limitation (限制) of the study was that the researchers did not study the noise levels from the past, which might have influenced the test scores. However, 98% of the children had been in the same school for at least a year, and the noise levels did not usually change very fast. This study is important because many children worldwide are exposed to (遭受) traffic noise in schools. The researchers advised that more tests should be done in other places to see if the results are the same for different groups of children. If the answer is yes, this discovery might change the future rules about noise pollution near schools. 1.What do we know about the study from Paragraph 2? ①Its results. ②Its researchers. ③How it was made. ④Where it was carried out. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④ 2.According to the study, what kind of noise had a greater influence on children’s learning abilities? A. Just loud traffic noise. B. Changing traffic noise. C. Noise from their neighbors. D. Noise from their classmates. 3.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. The study is of great importance. B. The study has considered all factors. C. The study has room for improvement. D. The study fits most children in the world. 4.The writer wrote the passage to ________. A. ask governments to make rules about noise pollution B. argue against the building of schools near busy roads C. tell readers about the influences of traffic noise on adults D. introduce a study on the influences of traffic noise on children 5.What’s the structure of the passage? A. Introduction→Methods→Findings→Limitation→Meanings. B. Introduction→Limitation→Methods→Findings→Meanings. C. Meanings→Introduction→Findings→Limitation→Methods. D. Meanings→Findings→Limitation→Introduction→Methods. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了西班牙和荷兰的科学家做了一项研究，发现学校附近的交通噪音会对儿童造成问题。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“In the study, Maria Foraster and her team from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health worked with 2,680 children aged 7-10 at 38 schools in Barcelona, Spain. They tested the children’s thinking and memory skills by giving them four computer tests over a year. There searchers looked at the noise both inside and outside the schools.”可推知，第二段介绍了研究人员、研究过程及研究地点。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When children were inside the classroom, changing traffic noise was an even bigger problem for them than just loud traffic noise.”可知，研究表明，不断变化的交通噪音对孩子的学习能力影响更大。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“One limitation (限制) of the study was that the researchers did not study the noise levels from the past, which might have influenced the test scores.”可推知，这项研究还有改进的空间。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了西班牙和荷兰的科学家做了一项研究，发现学校附近的交通噪音会对儿童造成问题。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章第一段介绍了这项研究，第二段介绍了研究方法，第三段说明了研究结果，第四段介绍了研究的局限性，第五段介绍了研究的意义。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题06阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.D5.B 主题语境02人与社会-艺术 【答案】1.D2.B3.A 主题语境03人与社会-通讯与媒体 【答案】1.C2.B 主题语境04人与自我-个人情况 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D5.C 主题语境05人与自我-日常活动 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.A5.A 主题语境06人与自我-节假日活动 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4B5.B 主题语境07人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D 114 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.B3.D 进阶提升》 主题语境01人与社会-人际交往 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4D5.D 主题语境02人与社会-历史 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B 主题语境03人与社会-文学 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B 主题语境04人与社会-社会 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B5.B 主题语境05人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.D 主题语境06人与自我-个人兴趣 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C 主题语境07人与自我家庭、朋友与周围的人 214 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.B 主题语境08人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.A5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A5.C Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.D 主题语境09人与自我-日常活动 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C 拓展培优) 主题语境01人与社会-旅游 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.B 主题语境02人与社会-通讯与媒体 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C5.A 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D5.C 主题语境04人与自然-环境 Passage 1 314 西学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.A3.C4B5.C Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A 414 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东聊城茌平区实验中学·期中）On May 3rd, Yichang Police Station made history by firstly using a “robot police dog” in Hubei. Working with real police dogs, the robot police dog was sent to patrol (巡逻) and do something else. As a newcomer to the police station, the robot police dog interested many onlookers (旁观者). With two large “eyes” on its back, it always monitors the movements of people around it. It tries to find anyone with bad intentions (意图). When the robot police dog finds that a visitor leaves his bag on a bench, it will say, “Lost thing found.” Because of heavy rain, the policemen made indoor patrols on May 3rd. However, the brave robot police dog still made outdoor patrols. When children saw the robot police dog working in the rain, they even came up to hold an umbrella for it. However, a little water is nothing to the robot police dog. It can work even in temperatures as high as 60 ℃ or as low as minus 40 ℃. Visitors welcomed the patrols of the robot police dog. A visitor named Zhang said, “Some elderly people and children may be afraid of real dogs. I hope we can see more robot police dogs in the future.” 1.How does the writer start the passage? A. By welcoming the patrol. B. By praising the police. C. By reporting the weather. D. By introducing a robot police dog. 2.What do you know about the robot police dog from Paragraph 2? ①It has two eyes on its back. ②It can find lost things. ③It can stay away from the rain. ④It can say hello to people around it. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③ D. ②④ 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The robot police dog is common in China. B. The robot police dog can work in bad weather. C. The robot police dog started to work on May 3rd. D. The robot police dog practised working in the rain. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More robot police dogs may come into use. B. There will be no police in the future. C. Children may be afraid of robot police dogs. D. Robot police dogs may be bad for elderly people. 5.What is the structure of the passage? A. ①/②③/④ B. ①/②③④ C. ①②③/④ D. ①②/③④ Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中）Da Jiang Innovation, known as DJI, is a global leading company in drone (无人驾驶飞机) technology. The founder of DJI is Wang Tao. During his college years at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Wang began the early work on DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统), which made drones more stable (稳定的) during flight. This was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first consumer drone (消费级无人机) in 2013, the Phantom 1, which was more user-friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made aerial photography (航拍) easy for everyone, not just experts. With remote control and advanced GPS systems, users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Pocket series to record their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. It is the first company to offer 4K video recording in consumer drones. Their 3-axis gimbal (三轴云台) systems help keep footage (镜头) smooth and free from shaking. DJI drones are also built with safety in mind. They use advanced GPS systems to locate and then avoid obstacles (障碍物) so as to reduce the risk of accidents. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese innovation, showing the country’s growing influence in high-tech industries. 1.What was the direct function of the multi-rotor autopilot system? A. It made drones available to everyone. B. It forecasted (预测) DJI’s first consumer drone. C. It improved flight stability. D. It made 4K video recording possible. 2.Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A. Because it was cheaper than all other drones. B. Because it had the most advanced GPS system. C. Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D. Because it was suitable for beginners. 3.Which series would most likely be used by firemen? A. The Pocket series. B. The Inspire series. C. The Matrice series. D. The Phantom series. 4.Which of the following is not a feature of DJI drones? A. High-quality camera systems. B. Long-distance remote control. C. Advanced GPS systems for safety. D. The ability to change into different shapes. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the founder of DJI. B. To introduce a leading drone company. C. To describe the different shapes of drones. D. To introduce the technology behind DJI drones. 主题语境02 人与社会-艺术 （25-26八上·山东淄博张店·期中）“Without music, life would be a mistake,” a famous German philosopher (哲学家), Friedrich Nietzsche said over a century ago. Music is a big part of our lives. But in recent years, some US schools have cut music classes to control budgets (预算). For example, Chicago public schools hurt arts education when it fired (解雇) over 1,000 teachers. Among them, 10 percent of the teachers taught art or music, according to The Washington Times. In fact, this is not just a problem in the US. In other countries, such as China and the UK, music classes are not thought to be as important as ones like science, math and history. That’s partly because music is not seen as a very important life skill, and it isn’t tested. Many students are busy with schoolwork, so parents and students choose to focus on subjects that are tested more often. However, learning music is beneficial (有益的) in many ways. When playing music, you need different abilities to work together. It is not as simple as it looks, according to Kenneth Guilmartin of Music Together, an early childhood music development program. For example, when playing the piano. You see music notes and decode (解码) them in your brains. You also use your fingers to make sounds. You need to deal with all these things at the same time. Music has a special connection with science as well. You can see that many scientists are good at playing music: Einstein played the violin, and German physicist Max Planck was talented in playing the piano. 1.Some schools in the US cut music classes, because ________. A. students in the US weren’t interested in music B. they were too difficult to learn C. there weren’t enough music teachers in the US D. the schools wanted to control budgets 2.In Paragraph 2, what does the underlined word “them” refer to (指代)? A. Public schools. B. Fired teachers. C. Parents in Chicago. D. Students in Chicago. 3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Different abilities are needed to work together while we are playing music. B. Playing the piano needs people to use fingers to make sounds. C. Decoding music notes is needed while we are playing music. D. Playing the piano needs people to see music notes. 主题语境03 人与社会-通讯与媒体 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）The Fast Flyer is the NUMBER 1 racing machine! The Fast Flyer outraces all other racers! The Fast Flyer is a bargain at $799, but for a limited time, you can buy your very own Fast Flyer for just $499. 1.What is the ad selling? A. A boat called the Fast Flyer. B. Equipment for a bicycle. C. A special kind of racer. D. A rocket pack for a racer. 2.According to the ad, how does the Fast Flyer compare to other racers? A. It is bigger than other racers. B. It goes faster than other racers. C. It is the most expensive racer. D. It is less interesting than most racers. 主题语境04 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中）Do you know the job of a travel experience officer (旅行体验官)? It’s an interesting and cool job. Travel experience officers go to different places. They try many travel things, such as comfortable hotels and delicious food. They do many activities, like hiking in mountains, sailing on the sea, or joining festivals. Then they share their real feelings with others. They use words, pictures, or videos. This helps people plan trips better, like where to stay and what to see. To do this job, you needn’t a high education, but your love to traveling. You should know different travel styles, from cheap trips to expensive vacations. Good writing skills help you describe (描述) experiences clearly. Basic photo or video skills let you show how beautiful places are. You must notice small things, like a hotel’s service or the best time to visit a spot. Record every great moment during the trip to write in a lively way. Last but not least, this job also needs a healthy body. Why is this job great? Because every trip is a new experience. One day you might wake up by the sea, and the next climb an old mountain. You’ll meet friends from other countries, learn their cultures, and see amazing views. It’s a wonderful way to see the world and share happy stories and useful tips. However, the job is not always easy. It has its difficulties. Bad weather or transport problems may happen. You must deal with any problems. If you love traveling, are curious (好奇的) about new things, and enjoy sharing, this job could be perfect for you. What a cool way to turn your love for travel into a meaningful job! 1.How does the writer begin the topic? A. By asking a question. B. By telling a story. C. By using a saying. D. By listing numbers. 2.This job needs _______. ① writing skills ②a high education ③photo or video skills ④a healthy body A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④ 3.This job is great because ______. A. it doesn’t need going out B. it can earn a lot of money C. every trip is a new experience D. it’s always easy and comfortable 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to become a famous travel blogger. B. Giving some tips for planning a perfect trip. C. The challenges of traveling to different countries. D. An introduction to the travel experience officer. 5.Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=paragraph 1, ②=paragraph 2,...) A. B. C. D. 主题语境05 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）Jack is fourteen and he always gets good grades at school. You may think he spends all his time studying, but in fact, he spends some time doing housework every day. He thinks it is relaxing. Let’s see how much housework each member does in his family. 1.What does Jack think of doing housework? A. It’s easy. B. It’s relaxing. C. It’s boring. D. It’s a waste of time. 2.Who does the most housework in Jack’s family? A. Jack. B. Jack’s mom. C. Jack’s dad. D. Jack’s grandma. 3.How many times did Jack take out the rubbish last week? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times. 4.What did Jack do last weekend? ①Swept the floor ②Fed the pet ③Did the dishes ④Made meals ⑤Folded the clothes A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ②③④ D. ①③⑤ 5.What can we learn from the material? A. Jack’s dad does more housework than Jack. B. Jack doesn’t study hard at school. C. Jack’s family doesn’t have a car. D. Jack’s parents thought he did a good job. 主题语境06 人与自我-节假日活动 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Do you know pleasure of Farmhouse (农家乐)? It’s a new way for holidays in China. Now, more and more people are interested in it, especially young people. Every weekend, thousands of people drive to the countryside. The farmers invite them to their farms even homes. Many people help the farmers work on the farms, such as fishing, watering the crops or picking apples. If you come to the farm, you will fall in love with the country life at once. Here you can listen to the birds, enjoy the beautiful view of countryside, breathe the fresh air and watch the crops grow. You can even taste the fresh produce, such as tomatoes and strawberries. Pleasure of Farmhouse brings a good chance to enjoy the life of countryside, especially for people living in the cities. It can make them relax. One farmer said, “Welcome children to our farms. We will show you where your food comes from.” 1.What is a new way for holidays in China? A. Climbing mountains. B. Doing farm work. C. Pleasure of Farmhouse. D. Fishing. 2.What can visitors do in the countryside? A. They can enjoy the beautiful view. B. They can work with the farmers. C. They can taste the fresh produce. D. They can do all of above. 3.What does the underlined word “view” mean in Chinese? A. 景色 B. 小路 C. 观点 D. 乐趣 4.Pleasure of Farmhouse can make ________ relax. A. farmers B. visitors from cities C. young people D. children 5.In the last paragraph, the farmer said they would show us ________. A. how to work on farm B. where we could grow crops C. where we could make food D. the pleasure of working 主题语境07 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 The Venus flytrap (捕蝇草) has special leaves that can close quickly to catch insects. When an insect touches the sensitive hairs on the leaves, the trap will snap shut in a moment. This is how it gets the nutrients (营养物) it needs. It is one of the world’s largest flowers, the Rafflesia (大王花), also known as the king flower. It’s huge and has a very strong smell, which is not very pleasant. It can grow to be over a metre in diameter (直径). There is an unusual mammal (哺乳动物), the platypus (鸭嘴兽). It has a duck-like bill (喙), webbed (有蹼的) feet, and it lays eggs. It’s really a strange combination that makes it one of a kind in the animal kingdom. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) are often regarded as the smartest animals. They have amazing abilities and can learn and remember things quickly. They can use tools, such as using sticks to fish out termites (白蚁) from their nests. 根据语篇内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1.How does the Venus flytrap get the nutrients it needs? A. By absorbing from the soil directly. B. By closing its leaves quickly to catch insects. C. By photosynthesis (光合作用) only. D. By stealing nutrients from other plants. 2.What is a characteristic of the Rafflesia? A. It is very small. B. It has a pleasant smell. C. It can grow to be over a metre in diameter. D. It is a kind of mammal. 3.What makes the platypus an unusual mammal? A. It has a long tail. B. It has a duck-like bill, webbed feet and lays eggs. C. It can fly. D. It lives only in the desert. 4.Chimpanzees are considered smart because ________. A. they can run very fast B. they have beautiful fur C. they can use tools and learn things quickly D. they can swim well 5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Venus flytrap has normal leaves. B. The Rafflesia is the smallest flower in the world. C. The platypus is a common mammal. D. Chimpanzees can use sticks to get termites from their nests. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东青岛第二十六中学·期中）Life in an Ant Colony This diagram shows a small part of an ant colony. Thousands of ants often live together. Groups of ants do different jobs to help the colony. For example, some ants guard the home. They know who to keep out because every ant in the colony has the same smell. Outsiders smell different. 1.What do the labels (标签) in the diagram (图表) show? A. the names of the rooms B. the jobs the ants do C. the kinds of ants living inside D. the food the ants eat 2.Based on the diagram, which one is true? A. All of the ants stay inside. B. The queen ant is protected. C. An ant colony (蚁群) has more than one queen. D. Ants are messy insects. 3.Which word describes the ants? A. Lazy. B. Tired. C. Excited. D. Busy. 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Different Forms of Communication In our daily lives, we communicate in different forms. One of the most common ways is face-to-face communication. When we talk to our friends, family, or teachers in person, we can see their facial (面部的) expressions, body language, and hear the tone of their voices. This helps us understand not only the words they say but also their emotions. For example, a big smile on someone’s face usually means they are happy. When we’re sharing exciting news with a friend over coffee, face-to-face communication makes the moment even more special. Another form is communication through social media. Platforms like WeChat and QQ allow us to chat with people far away. We can share photos, videos, and ideas easily. However, we can’t see the real-time reactions of the other person. For example, when we post a funny story on WeChat Moments, we have to wait for likes and comments to know how others feel. Phone calls are also popular. We can have a quick conversation when we are busy. But sometimes, it’s hard to express complex ideas over the phone. For example, when we need to explain a detailed plan to a colleague (同事), a phone call might not be enough. In short, each form of communication has its own advantages (优点) and disadvantages. We should choose the right one according to different situations. 1.What is one of the most common forms of communication according to the passage? A. Through social media. B. Through phone calls. C. Face-to-face communication. D. By writing letters. 2.What can we understand from face-to-face communication? A. Only the words people say. B. Emotions of people chatting with us. C. The other person’s past experiences. D. The future plans of the speaker. 3.What does the underlined word “Platforms” mean in Para. 2? A. Tools. B. Places. C. Appearances. D. Websites or apps. 4.Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. It’s very easy to express complex ideas through phone calls. B. When we post something on Wechat Moment, we can know how others feel quickly. C. If you want to talk with people far away, you can only use Platforms. D. Each form of communication has its own advantages and disadvantages. 5.What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Phone calls are not useful at all at present (目前). B. Social media is the best way to communicate. C. We should only use face-to-face communication. D. We should choose right communication forms by situations. 主题语境02 人与社会-历史 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区新营中学·期中） Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1.Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________. A. He lived a poor life in his childhood B. he had wise thoughts and great views about education C. He traveled with his students from state to state D. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2.Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child. A. by teaching himself at home B. with the help of his mother C. by going to school D. by visiting many famous teacher 3.The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to _________. A. poor B. bright C. rich D. cute 4.The correct order of the following statements is __________. ①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child ②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime ③Confucius’ father died ④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history A. ③①④② B. ②③④① C. ①③②④ D. ④③①② 5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. B. No one has something worthy to be learned. C. All thinking but no study makes people lazy. D. A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others. 主题语境03 人与社会-文学 （25-26八上·山东东营实验中学·期中）Are fables (寓言故事) and fairy tales (童话) different or the same? They are both stories for kids, but fables are stories for adults (成人), too. Fables are usually short stories. They were passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children. Fables can teach lessons to people. People can learn much from them. Most of the characters are animals. They can talk and act like humans. The most famous fables were written by a man called Aesop. There are over three hundred fables in Aesop’s Fables. The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing are three examples. Fairy tales are usually stories for children, often about magic characters such as fairies (仙女) and giants (巨人). Sometimes the characters are animals. We are able to enjoy these fairy tales because about two hundred years ago, Brothers Grimm traveled all over Germany and collected (收集) these stories before people forgot them. There are lots of fairy tales in Grimm’s Fairy Tales, such as Sleeping Beauty, The Frog Prince, The Death of the Little Hen, The Fisherman and His Wife and The Strange Musician. 1.What is the main purpose of fables according to the passage? A. To make people laugh. B. To teach people lessons. C. To show the magic of animals. D. To tell stories about famous people. 2.What are most of the characters in fables? A. Humans. B. Fairies. C. Giants. D. Animals. 3.Which of the following is a fable? A. The Frog Prince. B. The Strange Musician. C. The Lion and the Mouse. D. Sleeping Beauty. 4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Fables are stories only for adults. B. There are over 300 fables in Aesop’s Fables. C. The characters in fairy tales are often magic. D. Brothers Grimm did a lot in collecting fairy tales. 5.What’s the passage mainly about? A. Two famous foreign writers. B. Differences between fables and fairy tales. C. Famous fables and fairy tales. D. The reason why kids like reading stories. 主题语境04 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·山东东营实验中学·期中）When you do your homework, you may often meet some problems. What will you do? Tom, a middle school student, will take out his smart phone, go online and look for answers. Many students do homework in the same way as Tom. “It is fast and easy,” Tom says. “You also learn by seeing how others work them out. It’s very helpful for our study,” says John, another student. John’s Chinese teacher often asks students to give reports on great writers in class. When it comes to John’s turn, he usually goes online for help. “I never take any computer lessons, but I’ve become very good at finding information online and using the computer,” John said. However, many people think doing like this also brings problems. Some students just copy (抄袭) the answers online without thinking. In the end, they become lazy. Head teacher Mr. Wang in Tom and John’s school thinks that knowing how to use the Internet is important. The most important thing is to have good self-control (控制). “When you meet a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. Remember not to use the Internet too much,” the teacher said. “Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers, or you won’t learn anything at all. If you can’t do well in self-control, ask your parents for help.” 1.What does the underlined word “It” refer to? A. Looking for homework answers from books. B. Using the Internet to help with homework. C. Asking teachers for help to do homework. D. Copying classmates’ homework answers. 2.Why does John become good at computer? A. Taking computer lessons. B. Using the computer for fun. C. Preparing his class report. D. Learning from his teachers. 3.In Mr. Wang’ mind, what should students do first when they meet problems in homework? A. Stop and rest. B. Use the Internet. C. Learn self-control. D. Think by themselves. 4.According to Mr. Wang, what is the most important thing for students to use the Internet for homework? A. Use the Internet too much. B. Have good self-control. C. Find the answer first and think about it. D. Ask the parents for help 5.What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A. To encourage students to use the Internet more for their homework. B. To show that using the Internet for homework has both good and bad sides. C. To tell students that using the Internet for homework is a bad idea. D. To explain why students should never ask parents for help. 主题语境05 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东济南育英教育集团·期中）Everyone knows that bees are busy. There is even a saying in English that one can be “as busy as a bee”. However, little is known about how bees play. Researchers have discovered one way that bees could relax after a busy day making honey—they play with balls. The researchers are from Queen Mary University of London. They did different tests on bees “playing” with different things. The insects particularly liked playing with small wooden balls. The researchers said the way bees played was a little like how humans play. Younger bees rolled more balls than older bees, while adult males spent more time playing with balls than adult females did. The researchers experimented on 45 bees in a specially designed test area. The bees were given two options. The first choice was to fly or walk directly to get a sugary treat. The second choice was to get to the treat by going around different colored wooden balls. Most of the bees decided to play with the balls and then get their treat. A researcher said the experiments showed that bees are more thoughtful than people believed. She said, “Bees are a million miles from the mindless, unfeeling creatures they are traditionally believed to be.” She added that,“This research showed that insect minds are far more sophisticated (复杂的) than we might imagine.” 1.The saying “as busy as a bee” is usually used to describe ________. A. the bee that is too busy to have a rest B. the bee that makes plenty of honey every day C. a person who always has a lot of work to do D. the bee that likes playing with balls while relaxing 2.What’s the purpose of the author writing Paragraph 2? A. To tell us bees like to relax by playing with balls. B. To explain why bees relax by playing with balls. C. To list the ways bees relax after a busy day. D. To show how bees are busy making honey 3.The meaning of the underlined word “options” is close to the word “________”. A. boards B. choices C. ways D. chances 4.What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? ①Bees are more thoughtful than people believed. ②Bees are more mindful and much cleverer than humans. ③Insect minds are far more sophisticated than we might imagine. ④Bees prefer to get honey by traveling around balls rather than walking straight to it. A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②③④ 5.Where may this article come from? A. A nature magazine. B. A school notice. C. A novel. D. An art book. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东滨州第一中学·期中）Scientists say climate (气候) change has something to do with American birds. A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years. This change in size follows a rule called Bergmann’s Rule. The rule says that animals in colder areas are usually larger than those in warmer areas. That’s because larger animals are able to keep warmer. As the climate changes, especially facing rising temperatures, ________. Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too. What does this mean? First, climate change is happening faster than ever before, so animals may not be able to change fast enough. Besides, when an animal becomes smaller, other things will change. When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population. This shows the bigger problem with climate change— people are not able to know ahead (预先) what will happen when the earth’s temperature keeps rising, and that is the real danger. 1.How many kinds of American birds became smaller in size in the past 38 years? A. 38. B. 52. C. 700. D. 70,000. 2.Which of the following can be put in“________ ” in Paragraph 3? A. animals now have to make changes B. animals won’t feel cold C. animals don’t need to move in winter D. animals are in danger 3.What does the underlined word “identical” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Famous. B. New. C. Same. D. Wonderful. 4.What will happen if the body of an animal gets smaller? A. It will move to cold areas. B. It will have a smaller population. C. It will be difficult for it to live. D. It will become smaller and smaller. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Different Kinds of American Birds B. Protect Birds in the World C. Birds Study in the USA D. Danger of Climate Change Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东济宁学院附属中学·期中）It seems to be strange to you that there is a blind spot (盲点) on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear (消失), when one eye is open. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, you can see the letter again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing. Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eyes. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, you can’t see it. That is why either of the letters disappears. 1.The writer of the passage thinks that ______________there is a blind spot on the eyes. A. few people know B. no one knows C. most people know D. all the people know 2.You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because ______________. A. your eyes are poor B. its image falls on the blind spot C. your left eye is not open D. you move it close to your eye 3.In which order (顺序) should you do the experiment? ①Hold the card ②Move the card nearer ③Close your right eye ④Write two English letters ⑤Look at the letter R ⑥Make a card A. ④⑥①②③⑤ B. ①③⑥④⑤② C. ⑥①④③②⑤ D. ⑥④①③⑤② 4.The passage mainly (主要) tells us ______________. A. the blind spot can move B. an interesting experiment C. where the blind spot is D. there is a blind spot on the eyes 主题语境06 人与自我-个人兴趣 （25-26八上·山东淄博博山一中·期中）Things to Do Before You Are 18 Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late. Learn to swim Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like water-skiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it. Try at least one kind of team sport Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages (优点) of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends. Collect something One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect all kinds of stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets for films you have seen or emails from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget. 1.The most important reason for learning to swim is that ________. A. it can save your life B. it can make you healthy C. you might easily do lots of things D. it can make you sad 2.“A good social life” in the passage means “________”. A. You’ll study in groups B. You’ll go to parties and make many friends C. You’ll take part in many matches D. You’ll take part in many activities 3.The writer tells us that one of the best hobbies is to ________. A. sing songs B. do some water sports C. send emails to your friends D. collect something 4.The passage is mainly about ________ before you are 18. A. good habits to keep B. skills to have C. three things to do D. important things 主题语境07 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·山东济宁学院附属中学·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply an acquaintance(熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1.If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A. pest friends B. guest friends C. best friends D. true friends 2.The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A. how to make a best friend B. how to learn from your best friends C. what a best friend is D. a best friend can correct you when you are wrong 3.From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. pest friends are more important than guest friends B. we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C. a best friend hardly does anything bad to you D. a pest friend will never become your best friend 4.Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 主题语境08 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东济南育英教育集团·期中）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ________ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try too. 1.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A. Giving a card. B. Getting a card. C. Keeping a card. D. Making a card. 2.Which can you put in ________? A. Keep busy. B. Clean up the room. C. Work hard. D. Sweep the bathroom. 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. The writer’s parents think making cards is a little thing. B. The writer is not willing to keep the room clean. C. The writer can cook a meal by himself. D. When the writer does something wrong, he will say sorry to his parents. 4.Which is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 5.What’s the best title for the passage? A. Best Gifts for Parents B. Interesting Things to Do with Children C. Ways to Show Our Love for Parents D. Places to Have Fun with Family Members Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东聊城茌平区实验中学·期中）How to Turn Your Ideas into Reality (现实) We all have ideas—maybe it’s learning a new language, starting a blog (博客), or building a model airplane. But how do we make these ideas happen? Here are some practical steps. First, write your idea down. Putting your idea on paper makes it more concrete (具体的) than just thinking about it. It becomes a real goal. Next, break the big goal into small, manageable tasks. For example, if your goal is to run a marathon, you don’t start by running 42 kilometers on the first day. You start by running one kilometer, then two, and slowly increase the distance. These small tasks are less scary and easier to achieve. Then, create a simple plan. Decide when and where you will work on these small tasks. Maybe you will practice the guitar for 20 minutes every day after school. This habit makes progress steady. It’s also important to tell a friend or family member about your goal. They can encourage you and help you stay responsible. Don’t be afraid of obstacles (障碍). You will face difficulties. Maybe you get sick and miss a week of practice, or you find a task harder than you thought. The key is not to give up. Adjust (调整) your plan if necessary, but keep the final goal in mind. Finally, celebrate small victories! Each time you complete a small task, reward yourself. This positive reinforcement (强化) will keep you motivated. Remember, every big achievement is a series of small steps. Start small, stay consistent, and you will be amazed at what you can make happen. 1.What is the first step to make an idea happen according to the passage? A. Tell a friend about it. B. Break it into small tasks. C. Write it down on paper. D. Create a detailed plan. 2.Why does the writer suggest breaking a big goal into small tasks? A. Because small tasks are more fun. B. Because small tasks are less frightening and easier to do. C. Because it takes less time to finish small tasks. D. Because people enjoy doing easy things. 3.What does the word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Small tasks. B. Ideas. C. A friend or family member. D. Obstacles. 4.What should you do when you face obstacles? A. Change your plan if needed but don’t quit. B. Forget about the final goal. C. Give up immediately and set a new goal. D. Ask someone else to finish the task for you. 5.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell an interesting story about goals. B. To explain why ideas are important. C. To give advice on achieving personal goals. D. To discuss different types of goals people have. Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东淄博张店·期中）Some people think only school children have trouble getting on with their parents. However, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some suggestions about getting on well with parents. Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t talk with your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t think over your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express (表达) yourself well if you are angry. Go for a walk to cool off and think about what you want to say to your parents. Try to reach an agreement. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement, but try your best to understand them. Sometimes your parents might not accept your reasons for something. In these situations, it is important to show love and respect (尊重) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values (价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from yours. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them understand you better. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. 1.________ might have trouble getting on with their parents. A. Only school children B. Only young children C. Children of all ages D. Only grown-up children 2.The underlined word “suggestions” in this passage means ________. A. advice B. signs C. messages D. examples 3.When you are angry, ________. A. you shouldn’t talk to your parents B. you could shout at your parents C. you could express yourself well D. you should try to reach an agreement 4.The passage is mainly about ________. A. how to show love and respect to parents B. when to talk about values with parents C. what to say to parents when something happens D. how to build up a good relationship with parents 主题语境09 人与自我-日常活动 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区日照港中学·期中）①Does anybody like doing housework? Should children do housework? For some children, doing housework may be their last choice. For many parents, getting their children to do some housework is also one big headache. However, a Malaysian mother found a creative way. ②Nurafiza came up with a rewarding (奖励) plan for her two sons at home and put it online. She gave them money for some housework. Nurafiza also opened a “supermarket” at home for her kids. They could buy candies there from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. The money she gave to her kids was a kind of prop (道具). ③Because of this, Nurafiza’s children are now more love to do housework. Her post got over 15,000 likes and was shared over 27,000 times online. Many parents began to imitate her. In other words, they use the same way to teach their children. ④In fact, doing housework can play a very important role in children’s growth. First, it teaches children necessary skills for living, such as cooking and cleaning. Second, it is a good way to help children keep healthy. Third, it makes parents and children closer. Finally, a child can grow into a responsible (有责任感的) and independent (独立的) person by helping with the housework. 1.How does the writer begin the text? A. By asking questions. B. By giving examples. C. By telling stories. D. By using old sayings. 2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Nurafiza’s mini market. B. Nurafiza’s two children. C. Nurafiza’s online prop. D. Nurafiza’s rewarding plan. 3.What does the underlined word “imitate” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Invite B. Love C. Follow D. Believe 4.What’s the purpose of the text? A. To ask parents to do housework. B. To teach kids how to do housework. C. To let family do housework together. D. To encourage children to do more housework. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东淄博博山一中·期中）Maybe it is because they live a harder life. Our advice to parents in big cities is that parents should give their children some chores to do. Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves. Let’s look at the following chart (表格). Chores 2000 teenagers in small villages 2000 teenagers in big cities Take out the trash 1600 1000 Sweep the floor 1200 850 Make the bed 1400 750 Do the dishes 1100 600 Fold the clothes 900 1500 1.They surveyed ________ teenagers from small villages. A. 1,000 B. 2,000 C. 3,000 D. 4,000 2.There are 1,000 teenagers from the cities who ________. A. take out the trash B. do the dishes C. make the bed D. fold the clothes 3.The number of teenagers ________ in big cities is bigger than that in small villages. A. making the bed B. taking out the trash C. folding the clothes D. doing the dishes 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 （25-26八上·山东济南稼轩学校·期中）Beijing is known as a large and busy city. But if you walk down one of its main streets into a small alley (巷), you may find something different—Beijing’s hutongs! People say they live in hutongs, but in fact, they live in the buildings on one side of the hutongs. Hutongs are the alleys between houses. Beijing has been China’s capital city for over 700 years. As the city grows, the number of its people and houses is becoming larger and larger. Now there are more than 6,000 hutongs in Beijing. If all of them were connected end to end, the line would not be shorter than the Great Wall. Among all these hutongs, there are certainly some exceptional ones. While most of them are straight, some are curved (弯曲的). Jiuwan Hutong is the one with the most curves. It’s only about 390 meters long. Its name means nine curves, the narrowest hutong in Beijing is called Qianshi Hutong. It is only 40 cm wide at its narrowest point. In this hutong, only one person can pass at a time. Beijing people love hutongs because they bring them a lot of fun and relaxation. In the hutongs, people can enjoy the sun, sing songs and play chess with their neighbors. They can talk with others and listen to some stories. Hutongs are not only a symbol of Beijing’s culture, but also an important part of China’s national culture. So people try to keep them well as historical places of interest. 1.What are hutongs according to the passage? A. They are alleys with a history of 800 years. B. They are alleys in the center of Beijing. C. They are alleys between houses. D. They are alleys in the Great Wall. 2.How many hutongs are there in Beijing now? A. Only 390. B. About 400. C. Less than 700. D. Over 6,000. 3.What does the underlined word “exceptional” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Special. B. Natural. C. Usual. D. Common. 4.What can we infer (推断) about the future of hutongs according to the last paragraph? A. They will all be broken apart. B. They will be protected as historical places. C. They will be replaced (替代) by modern buildings. D. They will never be used by Beijingers. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Beijing—A Busy City B. Beijing’s Hutongs C. Places of Interest in Beijing D. Streets and Houses in Beijing 主题语境02 人与社会-通讯与媒体 （25-26八上·山东青岛超银中学-11月·期中）There are many TV programs about Chinese dishes, but few are like A Bite Of China (《舌尖上的中国》). The seven-part documentary (纪录片) tells us food in different places in China. The different kinds of food on TV are from 60 places. You can see many kinds of food and they can capture your eyes and stomach. And you can also learn how to make the food. That’s why the program becomes so popular. However, the program is not only about food. There are many different stories between food and people. To know good stories, workers of the documentary spent three months doing research (调查) and nine months filming. Liu Wen, one of the workers, says the stories also showed the social transformations (社会变迁). “The program is like a window. It makes the world know more about China. And it helps people around the world not only enjoy Chinese dishes, but also learn Chinese culture.” he said. 1.There are ________ parts in the documentary A Bite Of China. A. five B. six C. seven D. eight 2.The underlined word “capture” means “________” in Chinese. A. 弥补 B. 俘获 C. 填补 D. 吞没 3.How long did the workers spend finishing the whole program? A. Three months. B. Nine months. C. Six months. D. A year. 4.From the article we know ________. A. A Bite of China is very popular in the foreign countries B. Liu Wen is a leader of the documentary C. We can see many different kinds of food in the documentary D. Learning how to make Chinese dishes is very popular now 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A. Bite of China B. Food in Different Places in China C. Chinese Dishes D. Chinese culture 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （25-26八上·山东济南稼轩学校·期中） Did your family move before? How did you adjust (适应) to life in a new place? Nowadays, scientists have helped some Burrowing Owls settle (安置) into their new homes. Burrowing owls are small brown long-legged birds. They make homes in underground burrows (洞穴) and prefer to live in groups. In California, the USA, there is another kind of owls called the Western Burrowing Owl. In the past, these owls lived in the grasslands. Later, people began building cities on many of the grasslands. This drove the owls off their burrows. Some of these birds were unable to find new homes. As a result, the number of Western Burrowing Owls in California was fewer than that in 1965. If the number keeps falling, they will be at risk of dying out. Luckily, scientists found out the problem some years ago. They soon began trying to move these owls to some protected grasslands. In order to make the birds feel more “at home”, scientists played the recording sound of owl calls in these areas. They also used white paint to make fake droppings (假粪便) of the owls. This made the birds believe that other owls were living there. As a result, they accepted (接受) their new home and stayed there. Scientists returned to check on the owls. Most of them seemed to like their new homes. Good luck to them enjoying their new lives there! 1.What can we know about Burrowing Owls according to Paragraph 2? A. They like living in groups. B. They only stay in California. C. They make homes in the trees. D. They have small black legs. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Burrowing Owls moved into new homes. B. The number of Burrowing Owls fell down. C. Burrowing Owls found new homes in cities. D. Burrowing Owls had no places to live in 1965. 3.What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A. Playing the recording. B. Painting owls white. C. Making fake droppings. D. Recording the sound of owl. 4.What can we infer from the article? A. People won’t build their cities on the grassland. B. Scientists won’t find ways to protect these owls. C. Burrowing Owls will die out in the near future. D. More Burrowing Owls will live in new homes. 5.What’s the best title for this article? A. Burrowing Owls B. People and Nature C. Burrowing Owls’ New Home D. Burrowing Owls and Scientists 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山东日照东港区日照港中学·期中）A healthy living place must be in balance (平衡). What does this stand for (代表)? Here it is. As a rule, rabbits eat plants. The rabbits keep the plants under control. Tigers eat rabbits. They make sure there are not too many rabbits. This is how the nature stays balanced. But sometimes, things can get out of balance. A swamp (沼泽) in Florida is not in balance. What is the problem? There are too many large snakes. The snakes didn’t live in the swamp in the past. Why? Because some pet keepers let their pet snakes stay in the swamp. Their numbers become bigger and bigger. There are too many large snakes now. They are eating too much of the native wildlife (当地野生动物). So they are bad for the natural environment in the swamp. The snakes eat rabbits and other small animals. In the end, there is less food for large fish and wild cats. Now all of the wildlife in the swamp is becoming hungry. To stop this problem, some people are trying to catch the snakes and take them away from the swamp. But it’s not easy because the snakes are very good at hiding. We need to be careful about what animals we bring into different environments so that we don’t break the balance of nature. 1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. What the animals eat. B. Where the animals live. C. How the nature stays balanced. D. Why the nature needs balance. 2.A swamp in Florida is not in balance because __________. A. too many large snakes appear B. there is more native wildlife in it C. large fish and wild cats are gone D. many pet keepers come to live in it 3.What does the underlined words “this problem” refer to(指代)? A. There is more food for small animals. B. Some people are trying to catch the snakes. C. The wildlife in the swamp is becoming hungry now. D. The animals in Florida live in different environments. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. The balance of nature. B. A swamp in Florida. C. The wildlife in Florida. D. The natural environment. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山东济南山东大学附属中学·期中）The ocean is full of amazing living things. It’s also full of plastic. That’s bad news for deep-diving (深潜) whales, as they can mistake the plastic for food and eat it. Why do whales mistake plastic for prey? A team at the Duke University Marine (海洋) lab in the US has been looking into this question. Recently, the team has provided an answer. It all comes down to echolocation (回声定位): a natural process that allows whales to hear objects in the darkest depths of the sea. Some types of whales hunt in the deepest parts of the ocean, where there’s little light. It’s too dark for them to see, but they can hear. First, the whales make a sound and then they listen. They hear echoes bouncing off (反射) nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The echoes bounce off prey like squid (鱿鱼), and they also bounce off objects that are not food like waste. The scientists found that waste and prey cause similar echoes to the whales. They sound so similar that can cause the whales to eat waste. However, eating waste is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly. Plastic pollution influences animals that are so far away from our daily lives, says Greg Merrill, the lead author of the study. This problem is really big. People need to make real changes in their daily lives and then find the types of solutions we need to solve this problem. 1.What does the underlined word “prey” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Food. B. Drinks. C. Dance. D. Sound. 2.Why do some whales use echolocation when hunting? A. They hunt in dark deep-sea areas where they can’t see clearly. B. They are afraid of other big sea animals in the ocean. C. They need to make loud sounds to scare their prey. D. They want to find other whales to hunt together. 3.What did the team from Duke University find? A. Whales like to eat plastic because it tastes like their prey. B. Echolocation can help whales avoid all dangerous objects. C. Plastic and whales’ prey produce similar echoes. D. Deep-sea plastic is more dangerous than shallow-sea plastic. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How whales use echolocation to find food in the deep ocean. B. Why whales eat plastic and the danger it brings to them. C. What people can do to reduce plastic pollution in the ocean. D. How scientists study the living habits of deep-diving whales. 5.What can we infer from the passage? A. Whales need better eyesight. B. Only deep whales face plastic danger. C. People’s daily life helps solve plastic pollution. D. Scientists have a way to help whales. Passage 3 （25-26八上·山东青岛超银中学-11月·期中）Scientists from Spain and the Netherlands did a study and discovered that road traffic noise near schools could cause problems for children. In the study, Maria Foraster and her team from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health worked with 2,680 children aged 7-10 at 38 schools in Barcelona, Spain. They tested the children’s thinking and memory skills by giving them four computer tests over a year. There searchers looked at the noise both inside and outside the schools. They also estimated (估算) the noise levels at the children’s homes. Air pollution, people’s home locations, and other related factors (相关因素) were also considered. The results showed that children in noisy schools had a hard time remembering and paying attention to things compared to children in quiet schools. When children were inside the classroom, changing traffic noise was an even bigger problem for them than just loud traffic noise. And no connection was found between noise at home and children’s learning abilities. One limitation (限制) of the study was that the researchers did not study the noise levels from the past, which might have influenced the test scores. However, 98% of the children had been in the same school for at least a year, and the noise levels did not usually change very fast. This study is important because many children worldwide are exposed to (遭受) traffic noise in schools. The researchers advised that more tests should be done in other places to see if the results are the same for different groups of children. If the answer is yes, this discovery might change the future rules about noise pollution near schools. 1.What do we know about the study from Paragraph 2? ①Its results. ②Its researchers. ③How it was made. ④Where it was carried out. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④ 2.According to the study, what kind of noise had a greater influence on children’s learning abilities? A. Just loud traffic noise. B. Changing traffic noise. C. Noise from their neighbors. D. Noise from their classmates. 3.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. The study is of great importance. B. The study has considered all factors. C. The study has room for improvement. D. The study fits most children in the world. 4.The writer wrote the passage to ________. A. ask governments to make rules about noise pollution B. argue against the building of schools near busy roads C. tell readers about the influences of traffic noise on adults D. introduce a study on the influences of traffic noise on children 5.What’s the structure of the passage? A. Introduction→Methods→Findings→Limitation→Meanings. B. Introduction→Limitation→Methods→Findings→Meanings. C. Meanings→Introduction→Findings→Limitation→Methods. D. Meanings→Findings→Limitation→Introduction→Methods. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $