Unit 2 Save the Earth 人与自然（单元阅读精练）英语新教材冀教版九年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自然”主题，通过“自然保护-环保材料-环境问题-绿色生活”递进逻辑，系统训练说明文阅读理解，融合语言能力与环保意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（向海保护区/植物基包装）|阅读理解（说明文）|从自然保护成效到环保材料创新，构建“现象-科技”认知链条| |实战演练|4篇（南极洲/电子垃圾/塑料污染/绿色建议）|阅读理解（说明文）|从极地研究到日常环保行动，形成“问题-措施”解决路径|

Unit 2 Save the Earth人与自然 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 255 本文主要介绍了向海国家自然保护区的自然环境和鹤类保护成效。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 269 本文主要介绍了一种名为“植物基包装”（plant-based packaging）的新型环保材料。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 296 本文主要介绍了南极洲的基本情况以及中国在南极洲取得的成就。。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 197 本文主要介绍了电子垃圾包含有价值及有害物质，在填埋场会造成污染，部分发展中国家工人手工拆解面临健康风险，并提出了企业回收及消费者正确处理电子垃圾的解决方案。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 151 本文主要介绍塑料刚发明时人们对它的看法，讲述塑料垃圾带来的环境危害，并介绍普通人可以践行的简单绿色生活方式。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 165 本文主要介绍了几条简单的绿色生活建议，包括减少日常生活垃圾、在家节约能源、保护绿色空间以及学会回收利用。 Passage1 Protect Birds, Win Their Trust保护鸟类，收获它们的信任 Xianghai National Nature Reserve is home to birds. It is in Jilin Province, northeastern China. In 1986, it became a national nature reserve. 向海国家级自然保护区是鸟类的家园。它位于中国东北部的吉林省，1986 年成为国家级自然保护区。 The Nature Reserve is more than 1,000 square kilometers in size. Much of its area is covered with wetlands, water, forests and plants. The special natural environment makes the Nature Reserve a wonderful place for birds. 该自然保护区面积超过 1000 平方千米。保护区大部分区域分布着湿地、水域、森林与植被。独特的自然环境让这里成为鸟类栖息的绝佳之地。 Take white cranes as an example. They are a firstclass nationally protected animals in China. In spring, white cranes move back to the Nature Reserve from the wintering area — Jiangxi’s Poyang Lake. In summer, baby cranes are born and grow up. 以白鹤为例。白鹤是中国国家一级保护动物。春天，白鹤从越冬地 —— 江西鄱阳湖迁回这片自然保护区。夏季，幼鹤在这里出生、成长。 White cranes are popular with bird lovers. “In the past, we had to stay hundreds of meters away to get pictures of white cranes because they are cautious. They would be afraid and fly away if we got closer,” a bird lover told the news reporter. “In 2025, the Nature Reserve welcomed a large number of white cranes. They searched for food, even with bird lovers just 20 meters away,” he added. 白鹤深受鸟类爱好者喜爱。一位鸟类爱好者告诉新闻记者：“过去，想要拍摄白鹤，我们必须待在几百米开外，因为它们十分警觉。如果我们靠得更近，它们就会受惊飞走。” 他补充说道：“2025 年，大量白鹤来到这片自然保护区觅食，即便鸟类爱好者距离它们仅有 20 米，白鹤也不会躲避。” This change is the result of China’s long efforts to protect birds. In 1983, the Nature Reserve made a survey of the whole area and more than 210 kinds of animals were found. In 2021, the Nature Reserve finished building a smart platform. Since then, new technologies have been used to keep an eye on bird activity, weather conditions and so on. Thanks to these efforts, the local environment has truly improved and these birds are showing their trust with their wings. 这种变化，是中国长期致力于鸟类保护工作的成果。1983 年，该自然保护区完成全域调研，记录到 210 余种动物。2021 年，保护区建成智慧监测平台。从那以后，新技术被用于监测鸟类活动、天气状况等。得益于这些努力，当地环境切实改善，鸟儿也用舒展的翅膀表达出对人类的信任。 【长难句分析】 1.The special natural environment makes the Nature Reserve a wonderful place for birds. 翻译：独特的自然环境让这片自然保护区成为鸟类栖息的绝佳之地。 重点： make +宾语 +宾语补足语 结构：make + 宾语 (the Nature Reserve)+ 宾补 (a wonderful place)，表示 “使某物成为……”；for birds介词短语作后置定语修饰 place。 2.They would be afraid and fly away if we got closer. 翻译：如果我们靠得更近，它们就会受惊飞走。 重点： if 引导虚拟条件句，对现在情况进行假设：从句用一般过去时got，主句用would+动词原形，表示与现实相反的假设。 3.Thanks to these efforts, the local environment has truly improved and these birds are showing their trust with their wings. 翻译：得益于这些努力，当地的环境切实得到改善，鸟儿也用翅膀展现出它们的信任。 重点： Thanks to 介词短语，意为 “多亏，得益于”，作原因状语；has truly improved是现在完成时，强调动作带来现在的结果。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 保护区；储备 national /ˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国家的；全国性的 wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. 湿地 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 wintering /ˈwɪntərɪŋ/ adj. 越冬的 cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ adj. 谨慎的；警觉的 survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n.&v. 调查；勘测 platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 平台 technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术 condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；状况 effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力 trust /trʌst/ n.&v. 信任；信赖 Passage2 New Packaging from Plants来自植物的新型包装 Do you know your snack bag could be made from plants like corn or sugarcane? This is called plant‑based packaging. It is a new kind of material that is good for our Earth. 你知道你的零食包装袋可以用玉米、甘蔗这类植物制作吗？这叫作植物基包装。它是一种对地球有益的新型材料。 Most plastic comes from oil. It stays in the environment for a very long time. But plant‑based packaging is different. It comes from things that grow every year. Scientists use starch (淀粉) from plants to make a material called PLA．PLA looks and feels like plastic, but under the right conditions, it can break down in a few months. 大多数塑料来源于石油。塑料会在环境中留存极久。但植物基包装不一样，它取自每年都可以生长的作物。科学家利用植物中的淀粉制作一种名叫 PLA 的材料。PLA 外观、触感都和塑料相仿，但在合适的条件下，几个月之内就可以降解。 Why is this exciting? First, plant‑based packaging uses plants that clean the air as they grow. Second, it can go back to the earth safely after use. Some companies even grow packaging from mycelium (菌丝体). They put mycelium and clean farm waste into a box. The mycelium grows fast and sticks all the waste together tightly. Then they dry it. After a few days, the packaging is ready to use. This process uses much less energy. 为什么这项技术令人振奋？首先，制作植物基包装所用的植物，在生长过程中可以净化空气。其次，它使用之后可以安全回归大地。有些公司甚至用菌丝体培育包装材料。他们把菌丝体和洁净的农业废弃物放进盒子里。菌丝体快速生长，把所有废弃物紧紧粘合在一起，之后再进行烘干。几天之后，包装材料就制作完成。这套工序消耗的能源要少得多。 You may have seen this material already. Some drink cups and straws (吸管) feel like plastic but are made from plants. They can break down and turn into natural fertilizer to help plants grow. 你或许已经见过这种材料。部分饮品杯和吸管触感像塑料，却是由植物制成。它们可以降解，转化成天然肥料，助力植物生长。 This idea comes from learning from nature. We see how plants work, and we make useful things in a similar way. It shows us that smart ideas can help both people and the planet. Maybe one day, your snack bag could be planted to grow a new plant. That would be a fun way to recycle! 这个创意源于向大自然学习。我们观察植物的生长规律，用类似的方式制造实用物品。这向我们证明，巧妙的构想可以同时造福人类与地球。或许有一天，你的零食包装袋埋进土里，还能长出新植物。那将会是一种十分有趣的回收方式！ 【长难句分析】 1.It is a new kind of material that is good for our Earth. 翻译：它是一种对我们的地球有益的新型材料。 重点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词material；be good for 对…… 有益。 2.PLA looks and feels like plastic, but under the right conditions, it can break down in a few months. 翻译：PLA 的外观和触感都像塑料，但是在合适的条件下，它可以在几个月内降解。 重点：并列句，but表转折；under the right conditions介词短语作条件状语；break down此处表示 “（物质）降解、分解”。 3.It shows us that smart ideas can help both people and the planet. 翻译：这向我们表明，巧妙的想法能够同时造福人类和地球。 重点：show sb. + that宾语从句；both…and… 既…… 又……，连接两个并列宾语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.snack /snæk/ n. 零食；小吃 2.packaging /ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 包装材料 3.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 4.plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n.&adj. 塑料；塑料的 5.starch /stɑːtʃ/ n. 淀粉 6.condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；状况 7.process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程；工序 8.straw /strɔː/ n. 吸管；稻草 9.fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ n. 肥料 10.waste /weɪst/ n. 废弃物；垃圾 11.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源；能量 12.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星；地球 13.recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 14.tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ adv. 紧紧地 Passage1 Covering 14 million square kilometers, Antarctica is Earth’s fifth-largest continent, nearly double the size of Australia. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. It is at the South Pole and is almost completely covered in ice. The ice is so thick that it holds about 70% of the world’s fresh water. The temperature in Antarctica can drop to -89.2℃, which is the coldest temperature ever recorded. Despite (尽管) the harsh conditions, Antarctica is home to many animals, such as penguins, seals and whales. Since the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958), Antarctica has changed into a global science laboratory. Many countries, including China, have research stations there. Scientists study the ice, weather, and animals to learn more about our planet. In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, which protects the continent and allows only peaceful activities like science and exploration. China officially acceded to the Antarctic Treaty in 1983. China, as a key treaty member, has significantly advanced polar research. Its first station, Great Wall Station (1985), marked China’s formal entry into Antarctic exploration. Subsequent bases like Zhongshan (1989), Kunlun (2009 on the highest ice dome), and Taishan (2014) support year-round studies. Chinese teams have achieved milestones such as drilling (钻探) 800-meter ice cores to study 150, 000-year climate cycles and launching (下水) the icebreaker Xuelong 2 in 2020, which navigates (导航) pack ice to map seafloor geology. Climate change increases Antarctica’s global importance. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet alone holds enough ice to raise sea levels by 3 meters if melted. As the Earth’s climate changes, Antarctica’s ice is melting. This could cause sea levels to rise and affect people everywhere. That’s why studying Antarctica is so important for our future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “harsh” mean in the first paragraph? A．Very comfortable. B．Quite important. C．Quite beautiful. D．Very difficult. 2．Which activity is NOT allowed in Antarctica? A．Scientific research. B．Military (军事) operations. C．Animal studies. D．Climate research. 3．How does the author develop the third paragraph? A．By listing achievements in time order. B．By comparing Chinese and Western research. C．By explaining problems and solutions. D．By describing geographical features. 4．Why is studying Antarctica important? A．To find new animals. B．To build more research stations. C．To understand climate change. D．To protect penguins. 5．Which title best summarizes the article? A．Useful Animals of Antarctica. B．The Importance of Antarctica. C．The History of the Antarctic Treaty. D．How to Visit Great Antarctica. Passage2 Have you ever thought about what happens to your old mobile phone when you throw it away? Most people don’t. But electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury. When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution. Meanwhile, the valuable materials are lost. In some countries, e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection, breathing in toxic fumes. This is dangerous for their health. But there is a better way. Many companies now have recycling programmes. They collect old phones, take them apart safely, and reuse the materials. Some companies even design phones that are easier to repair and recycle. As consumers, we can help too. Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres. If your phone still works, consider donating it or selling it. Before buying a new phone, ask yourself if you really need one. 1．What does a mobile phone contain according to the text? A．Only valuable materials. B．Only harmful materials. C．Both valuable and harmful materials. D．Neither valuable nor harmful materials. 2．What happens when e-waste is thrown in landfills? A．It becomes more valuable. B．Harmful materials can leak into soil and water. C．It is taken to developing countries. D．Workers take it apart safely. 3．How do workers in some developing countries deal with e-waste? A．They recycle it safely with machines. B．They take it apart by hand without proper protection. C．They send it back to rich countries. D．They burn it in open air. 4．What does the writer suggest we do as consumers? A．Throw old phones in the rubbish bin. B．Buy a new phone every year. C．Take old electronics to proper recycling centres. D．Send e-waste to developing countries. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Mobile phones are harmful to humans. B．E-waste is a growing problem and we should deal with it properly. C．Developing countries should stop receiving e-waste. D．Companies should stop making mobile phones. Passage3 When plastic was first invented, it surprised the whole world. It was light, cheap and easy to shape. It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials. People believed plastic would bring a wonderful future. Nobody expected it would become a serious environmental danger later. Plastic waste is everywhere nowadays. Tiny plastic pieces can be found in oceans, soil and even the air we breathe. Most plastic cannot break down quickly. It will stay on the earth for hundreds or thousands of years. Sea animals often get hurt by plastic waste. Living green does not require big expensive actions. We do not have to completely stop using plastic at once. We can take simple steps: reuse cloth bags, choose reusable bottles and sort rubbish properly. Word formation helps us learn related words such as reuse, recycle and unrecyclable. Small changes from common people can slow down pollution and protect our shared home. 1．What did people think of plastic when it was first invented? A．They thought it would bring a wonderful future. B．They worried it would pollute the ocean right away. C．They wanted to give it up at the very beginning. D．They found it was too heavy for daily use. 2．Where can tiny plastic pieces be found according to the text? A．Only in big factories. B．In oceans, soil and air. C．Only inside deep mountains. D．Only in man‑made bins. 3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Most plastic waste breaks down within several weeks. B．Sea animals are never influenced by plastic rubbish. C．We can take simple daily steps for green living. D．Ordinary people cannot do anything for the environment. 4．What does the underlined word “unrecyclable” mean? A．可回收的 B．不可回收的 C．可重复使用的 D．可分解的 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Plastic’s influence and simple ways of living green. B．How to invent new kinds of plastic products. C．Reasons why we must stop using all plastic at once. D．Ways to collect all plastic waste from oceans. Passage4 Here are some easy green living tips for teenagers: First, reduce waste in daily life. Bring a reusable water bottle to school instead of buying plastic bottles. Use cloth bags when going shopping and say no to plastic bags. When eating out, choose restaurants that offer paper straws or no straws at all. Second, save energy at home. Turn off lights and electronic devices when you leave a room. Use energy-saving light bulbs. Wash clothes in cold water as much as possible, which can save electricity. Third, protect green spaces. Plant a small tree or some flowers in your yard or on the balcony. Join a community clean-up activity to pick up litter in parks or along the streets. Remember, every tree you plant helps to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Fourth, learn to recycle. Sort your waste into different bins: paper, plastic, glass and metal. You can also recycle old books by giving them to libraries or donating them to children in need. 1．What should we bring to school instead of buying plastic bottles? A．Reusable water bottles. B．Cloth bags. C．Paper straws. D．Energy-saving bulbs. 2．Which of the following can save electricity at home? A．Using plastic bags for shopping. B．Washing clothes in cold water. C．Leaving lights on when going out. D．Throwing old books away. 3．What do trees help to do according to the passage? A．Produce carbon dioxide. B．Absorb oxygen. C．Reduce waste. D．Absorb carbon dioxide. 4．How many types of waste are mentioned in the recycling tip? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．How to join community activities. B．Tips for teenagers to live green. C．The importance of recycling. D．Ways to protect green spaces. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Save the Earth人与自然 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 255 本文主要介绍了向海国家自然保护区的自然环境和鹤类保护成效。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 269 本文主要介绍了一种名为“植物基包装”（plant-based packaging）的新型环保材料。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 296 本文主要介绍了南极洲的基本情况以及中国在南极洲取得的成就。。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 197 本文主要介绍了电子垃圾包含有价值及有害物质，在填埋场会造成污染，部分发展中国家工人手工拆解面临健康风险，并提出了企业回收及消费者正确处理电子垃圾的解决方案。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 151 本文主要介绍塑料刚发明时人们对它的看法，讲述塑料垃圾带来的环境危害，并介绍普通人可以践行的简单绿色生活方式。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 165 本文主要介绍了几条简单的绿色生活建议，包括减少日常生活垃圾、在家节约能源、保护绿色空间以及学会回收利用。 Passage1 Protect Birds, Win Their Trust保护鸟类，收获它们的信任 Xianghai National Nature Reserve is home to birds. It is in Jilin Province, northeastern China. In 1986, it became a national nature reserve. 向海国家级自然保护区是鸟类的家园。它位于中国东北部的吉林省，1986 年成为国家级自然保护区。 The Nature Reserve is more than 1,000 square kilometers in size. Much of its area is covered with wetlands, water, forests and plants. The special natural environment makes the Nature Reserve a wonderful place for birds. 该自然保护区面积超过 1000 平方千米。保护区大部分区域分布着湿地、水域、森林与植被。独特的自然环境让这里成为鸟类栖息的绝佳之地。 Take white cranes as an example. They are a firstclass nationally protected animals in China. In spring, white cranes move back to the Nature Reserve from the wintering area — Jiangxi’s Poyang Lake. In summer, baby cranes are born and grow up. 以白鹤为例。白鹤是中国国家一级保护动物。春天，白鹤从越冬地 —— 江西鄱阳湖迁回这片自然保护区。夏季，幼鹤在这里出生、成长。 White cranes are popular with bird lovers. “In the past, we had to stay hundreds of meters away to get pictures of white cranes because they are cautious. They would be afraid and fly away if we got closer,” a bird lover told the news reporter. “In 2025, the Nature Reserve welcomed a large number of white cranes. They searched for food, even with bird lovers just 20 meters away,” he added. 白鹤深受鸟类爱好者喜爱。一位鸟类爱好者告诉新闻记者：“过去，想要拍摄白鹤，我们必须待在几百米开外，因为它们十分警觉。如果我们靠得更近，它们就会受惊飞走。” 他补充说道：“2025 年，大量白鹤来到这片自然保护区觅食，即便鸟类爱好者距离它们仅有 20 米，白鹤也不会躲避。” This change is the result of China’s long efforts to protect birds. In 1983, the Nature Reserve made a survey of the whole area and more than 210 kinds of animals were found. In 2021, the Nature Reserve finished building a smart platform. Since then, new technologies have been used to keep an eye on bird activity, weather conditions and so on. Thanks to these efforts, the local environment has truly improved and these birds are showing their trust with their wings. 这种变化，是中国长期致力于鸟类保护工作的成果。1983 年，该自然保护区完成全域调研，记录到 210 余种动物。2021 年，保护区建成智慧监测平台。从那以后，新技术被用于监测鸟类活动、天气状况等。得益于这些努力，当地环境切实改善，鸟儿也用舒展的翅膀表达出对人类的信任。 【长难句分析】 1.The special natural environment makes the Nature Reserve a wonderful place for birds. 翻译：独特的自然环境让这片自然保护区成为鸟类栖息的绝佳之地。 重点： make +宾语 +宾语补足语 结构：make + 宾语 (the Nature Reserve)+ 宾补 (a wonderful place)，表示 “使某物成为……”；for birds介词短语作后置定语修饰 place。 2.They would be afraid and fly away if we got closer. 翻译：如果我们靠得更近，它们就会受惊飞走。 重点： if 引导虚拟条件句，对现在情况进行假设：从句用一般过去时got，主句用would+动词原形，表示与现实相反的假设。 3.Thanks to these efforts, the local environment has truly improved and these birds are showing their trust with their wings. 翻译：得益于这些努力，当地的环境切实得到改善，鸟儿也用翅膀展现出它们的信任。 重点： Thanks to 介词短语，意为 “多亏，得益于”，作原因状语；has truly improved是现在完成时，强调动作带来现在的结果。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 保护区；储备 national /ˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国家的；全国性的 wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. 湿地 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 wintering /ˈwɪntərɪŋ/ adj. 越冬的 cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ adj. 谨慎的；警觉的 survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n.&v. 调查；勘测 platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 平台 technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术 condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；状况 effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力 trust /trʌst/ n.&v. 信任；信赖 Passage2 New Packaging from Plants来自植物的新型包装 Do you know your snack bag could be made from plants like corn or sugarcane? This is called plant‑based packaging. It is a new kind of material that is good for our Earth. 你知道你的零食包装袋可以用玉米、甘蔗这类植物制作吗？这叫作植物基包装。它是一种对地球有益的新型材料。 Most plastic comes from oil. It stays in the environment for a very long time. But plant‑based packaging is different. It comes from things that grow every year. Scientists use starch (淀粉) from plants to make a material called PLA．PLA looks and feels like plastic, but under the right conditions, it can break down in a few months. 大多数塑料来源于石油。塑料会在环境中留存极久。但植物基包装不一样，它取自每年都可以生长的作物。科学家利用植物中的淀粉制作一种名叫 PLA 的材料。PLA 外观、触感都和塑料相仿，但在合适的条件下，几个月之内就可以降解。 Why is this exciting? First, plant‑based packaging uses plants that clean the air as they grow. Second, it can go back to the earth safely after use. Some companies even grow packaging from mycelium (菌丝体). They put mycelium and clean farm waste into a box. The mycelium grows fast and sticks all the waste together tightly. Then they dry it. After a few days, the packaging is ready to use. This process uses much less energy. 为什么这项技术令人振奋？首先，制作植物基包装所用的植物，在生长过程中可以净化空气。其次，它使用之后可以安全回归大地。有些公司甚至用菌丝体培育包装材料。他们把菌丝体和洁净的农业废弃物放进盒子里。菌丝体快速生长，把所有废弃物紧紧粘合在一起，之后再进行烘干。几天之后，包装材料就制作完成。这套工序消耗的能源要少得多。 You may have seen this material already. Some drink cups and straws (吸管) feel like plastic but are made from plants. They can break down and turn into natural fertilizer to help plants grow. 你或许已经见过这种材料。部分饮品杯和吸管触感像塑料，却是由植物制成。它们可以降解，转化成天然肥料，助力植物生长。 This idea comes from learning from nature. We see how plants work, and we make useful things in a similar way. It shows us that smart ideas can help both people and the planet. Maybe one day, your snack bag could be planted to grow a new plant. That would be a fun way to recycle! 这个创意源于向大自然学习。我们观察植物的生长规律，用类似的方式制造实用物品。这向我们证明，巧妙的构想可以同时造福人类与地球。或许有一天，你的零食包装袋埋进土里，还能长出新植物。那将会是一种十分有趣的回收方式！ 【长难句分析】 1.It is a new kind of material that is good for our Earth. 翻译：它是一种对我们的地球有益的新型材料。 重点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词material；be good for 对…… 有益。 2.PLA looks and feels like plastic, but under the right conditions, it can break down in a few months. 翻译：PLA 的外观和触感都像塑料，但是在合适的条件下，它可以在几个月内降解。 重点：并列句，but表转折；under the right conditions介词短语作条件状语；break down此处表示 “（物质）降解、分解”。 3.It shows us that smart ideas can help both people and the planet. 翻译：这向我们表明，巧妙的想法能够同时造福人类和地球。 重点：show sb. + that宾语从句；both…and… 既…… 又……，连接两个并列宾语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.snack /snæk/ n. 零食；小吃 2.packaging /ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 包装材料 3.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 4.plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n.&adj. 塑料；塑料的 5.starch /stɑːtʃ/ n. 淀粉 6.condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；状况 7.process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程；工序 8.straw /strɔː/ n. 吸管；稻草 9.fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ n. 肥料 10.waste /weɪst/ n. 废弃物；垃圾 11.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源；能量 12.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星；地球 13.recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 14.tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ adv. 紧紧地 Passage1 Covering 14 million square kilometers, Antarctica is Earth’s fifth-largest continent, nearly double the size of Australia. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. It is at the South Pole and is almost completely covered in ice. The ice is so thick that it holds about 70% of the world’s fresh water. The temperature in Antarctica can drop to -89.2℃, which is the coldest temperature ever recorded. Despite (尽管) the harsh conditions, Antarctica is home to many animals, such as penguins, seals and whales. Since the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958), Antarctica has changed into a global science laboratory. Many countries, including China, have research stations there. Scientists study the ice, weather, and animals to learn more about our planet. In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, which protects the continent and allows only peaceful activities like science and exploration. China officially acceded to the Antarctic Treaty in 1983. China, as a key treaty member, has significantly advanced polar research. Its first station, Great Wall Station (1985), marked China’s formal entry into Antarctic exploration. Subsequent bases like Zhongshan (1989), Kunlun (2009 on the highest ice dome), and Taishan (2014) support year-round studies. Chinese teams have achieved milestones such as drilling (钻探) 800-meter ice cores to study 150, 000-year climate cycles and launching (下水) the icebreaker Xuelong 2 in 2020, which navigates (导航) pack ice to map seafloor geology. Climate change increases Antarctica’s global importance. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet alone holds enough ice to raise sea levels by 3 meters if melted. As the Earth’s climate changes, Antarctica’s ice is melting. This could cause sea levels to rise and affect people everywhere. That’s why studying Antarctica is so important for our future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “harsh” mean in the first paragraph? A．Very comfortable. B．Quite important. C．Quite beautiful. D．Very difficult. 2．Which activity is NOT allowed in Antarctica? A．Scientific research. B．Military (军事) operations. C．Animal studies. D．Climate research. 3．How does the author develop the third paragraph? A．By listing achievements in time order. B．By comparing Chinese and Western research. C．By explaining problems and solutions. D．By describing geographical features. 4．Why is studying Antarctica important? A．To find new animals. B．To build more research stations. C．To understand climate change. D．To protect penguins. 5．Which title best summarizes the article? A．Useful Animals of Antarctica. B．The Importance of Antarctica. C．The History of the Antarctic Treaty. D．How to Visit Great Antarctica. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了南极洲的基本情况以及中国在南极洲取得的成就。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据“The temperature in Antarctica can drop to -89.2℃, which is the coldest temperature ever recorded. Despite (尽管) the harsh conditions,”可知，南极洲极其寒冷，环境十分恶劣，故harsh表示“恶劣，艰难的”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, which protects the continent and allows only peaceful activities like science and exploration.”可知，1959 年，《南极条约》仅允许开展科学研究和探险等活动，不包括军事行动。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Its first station, Great Wall Station (1985), marked China’s formal entry into Antarctic exploration. Subsequent bases like Zhongshan (1989), Kunlun (2009 on the highest ice dome), and Taishan (2014) support year-round studies.”可知，1985年建立长城站，1989年建立中山站，2009年建立昆仑站，2014年建立泰山站，是按照时间顺序列举了中国南极科考站的成果。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Climate change increases Antarctica’s global importance....This could cause sea levels to rise and affect people everywhere”可知，南极洲的冰融化会影响全球海平面，所以研究它有助于理解气候变化。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文涵盖了南极的环境特征、科研价值、国际合作及气候影响，核心围绕南极洲的重要性展开。选项B。 Passage2 Have you ever thought about what happens to your old mobile phone when you throw it away? Most people don’t. But electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury. When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution. Meanwhile, the valuable materials are lost. In some countries, e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection, breathing in toxic fumes. This is dangerous for their health. But there is a better way. Many companies now have recycling programmes. They collect old phones, take them apart safely, and reuse the materials. Some companies even design phones that are easier to repair and recycle. As consumers, we can help too. Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres. If your phone still works, consider donating it or selling it. Before buying a new phone, ask yourself if you really need one. 1．What does a mobile phone contain according to the text? A．Only valuable materials. B．Only harmful materials. C．Both valuable and harmful materials. D．Neither valuable nor harmful materials. 2．What happens when e-waste is thrown in landfills? A．It becomes more valuable. B．Harmful materials can leak into soil and water. C．It is taken to developing countries. D．Workers take it apart safely. 3．How do workers in some developing countries deal with e-waste? A．They recycle it safely with machines. B．They take it apart by hand without proper protection. C．They send it back to rich countries. D．They burn it in open air. 4．What does the writer suggest we do as consumers? A．Throw old phones in the rubbish bin. B．Buy a new phone every year. C．Take old electronics to proper recycling centres. D．Send e-waste to developing countries. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Mobile phones are harmful to humans. B．E-waste is a growing problem and we should deal with it properly. C．Developing countries should stop receiving e-waste. D．Companies should stop making mobile phones. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子垃圾包含有价值及有害物质，在填埋场会造成污染，部分发展中国家工人手工拆解面临健康风险，并提出了企业回收及消费者正确处理电子垃圾的解决方案。 【详解】1．第二段指出“A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury.”，这两句直接说明手机同时含有“valuable”和“harmful”两类物质。 2．第二段提到“When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution.”，明确说明了填埋导致有害物质渗入土壤和水源。 3．第三段说明“e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection”，指出工人手工拆解且缺乏防护。 4．第五段提出消费者建议：“Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres.”，直接建议将旧电子产品送至正规回收中心。 5．全文围绕e-waste的危害、现状及解决方案展开，首段提出“one of the fastest-growing types of waste”，中间分析问题，结尾给出解决措施，综合体现“问题日益严重并需妥善处理”的主旨。 Passage3 When plastic was first invented, it surprised the whole world. It was light, cheap and easy to shape. It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials. People believed plastic would bring a wonderful future. Nobody expected it would become a serious environmental danger later. Plastic waste is everywhere nowadays. Tiny plastic pieces can be found in oceans, soil and even the air we breathe. Most plastic cannot break down quickly. It will stay on the earth for hundreds or thousands of years. Sea animals often get hurt by plastic waste. Living green does not require big expensive actions. We do not have to completely stop using plastic at once. We can take simple steps: reuse cloth bags, choose reusable bottles and sort rubbish properly. Word formation helps us learn related words such as reuse, recycle and unrecyclable. Small changes from common people can slow down pollution and protect our shared home. 1．What did people think of plastic when it was first invented? A．They thought it would bring a wonderful future. B．They worried it would pollute the ocean right away. C．They wanted to give it up at the very beginning. D．They found it was too heavy for daily use. 2．Where can tiny plastic pieces be found according to the text? A．Only in big factories. B．In oceans, soil and air. C．Only inside deep mountains. D．Only in man‑made bins. 3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Most plastic waste breaks down within several weeks. B．Sea animals are never influenced by plastic rubbish. C．We can take simple daily steps for green living. D．Ordinary people cannot do anything for the environment. 4．What does the underlined word “unrecyclable” mean? A．可回收的 B．不可回收的 C．可重复使用的 D．可分解的 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Plastic’s influence and simple ways of living green. B．How to invent new kinds of plastic products. C．Reasons why we must stop using all plastic at once. D．Ways to collect all plastic waste from oceans. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍塑料刚发明时人们对它的看法，讲述塑料垃圾带来的环境危害，并介绍普通人可以践行的简单绿色生活方式。 【详解】1．第一段指出人们对塑料的看法：“People believed plastic would bring a wonderful future.”，这直接说明人们认为塑料将会带来美好的未来。 2．第二段交代塑料碎片的分布：“Tiny plastic pieces can be found in oceans, soil and even the air we breathe.”，这直接说明微小的塑料碎片可以在海洋、土壤和空气中被发现。 3．第三段介绍绿色生活的做法：“Living green does not require big expensive actions...We can take simple steps...”，其余选项均和原文内容相悖，因此我们可以采取简单的日常步骤进行绿色生活。 4．根据构词法，前缀un‑表否定含义，recyclable意为“可回收的”，由此可知unrecyclable意思是“不可回收的”。 5．全文既介绍塑料带来的影响，又介绍简单可行的绿色生活方式，对应原文“Nobody expected it would become a serious environmental danger later.”以及“We can take simple steps: reuse cloth bags, choose reusable bottles and sort rubbish properly.”，因此本文主旨为塑料的影响以及简单的绿色生活方式。 Passage4 Here are some easy green living tips for teenagers: First, reduce waste in daily life. Bring a reusable water bottle to school instead of buying plastic bottles. Use cloth bags when going shopping and say no to plastic bags. When eating out, choose restaurants that offer paper straws or no straws at all. Second, save energy at home. Turn off lights and electronic devices when you leave a room. Use energy-saving light bulbs. Wash clothes in cold water as much as possible, which can save electricity. Third, protect green spaces. Plant a small tree or some flowers in your yard or on the balcony. Join a community clean-up activity to pick up litter in parks or along the streets. Remember, every tree you plant helps to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Fourth, learn to recycle. Sort your waste into different bins: paper, plastic, glass and metal. You can also recycle old books by giving them to libraries or donating them to children in need. 1．What should we bring to school instead of buying plastic bottles? A．Reusable water bottles. B．Cloth bags. C．Paper straws. D．Energy-saving bulbs. 2．Which of the following can save electricity at home? A．Using plastic bags for shopping. B．Washing clothes in cold water. C．Leaving lights on when going out. D．Throwing old books away. 3．What do trees help to do according to the passage? A．Produce carbon dioxide. B．Absorb oxygen. C．Reduce waste. D．Absorb carbon dioxide. 4．How many types of waste are mentioned in the recycling tip? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．How to join community activities. B．Tips for teenagers to live green. C．The importance of recycling. D．Ways to protect green spaces. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了几条简单的绿色生活建议，包括减少日常生活垃圾、在家节约能源、保护绿色空间以及学会回收利用。 【详解】1．文章第2段“Bring a reusable water bottle to school instead of buying plastic bottles.”表明我们应该带可重复使用的水杯去学校。 2．文章第3段“Wash clothes in cold water as much as possible, which can save electricity.”表明用冷水洗衣服能够在家节约用电。 3．文章第4段“Remember, every tree you plant helps to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.”表明树木有助于吸收二氧化碳。 4．文章第5段 “Sort your waste into different bins: paper, plastic, glass and metal.”表明回收建议里一共提到四种垃圾。 5．文章第1段“Here are some easy green living tips for teenagers:”开门见山地指出了文章主题，全文围绕这一主题展开了四条具体建议。 $