专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，河南专用）八年级英语上学期

**基本信息** 初中英语期中说明文阅读理解汇编，涵盖人与社会（旅游、社会）、人与自我（健康、计划、情感）、人与自然（动植物、科普）等主题，以真实情境和文化素材提升阅读能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|每主题4-5题|河南景点介绍、健康计步、动物伪装、植物特征等|情境贴近生活（如健康计步APP），问题层次分明（细节理解如“菊花节时长”、主旨大意如“文章目的”），融入文化传承（国槐象征意义）与科学认知（动物方向感）|

可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-旅游 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4C5.B 主题语境02人与自我-健康 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B5.C 主题语境03人与自我-计划与愿望 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C 主题语境04人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5,D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.C5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D5.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-旅游 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C5.B 主题语境02人与社会-社会 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.C5.D 主题语境03人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自我-感情与情绪 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C 主题语境05人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.B 主题语境06人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.A5.B Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.C5.C 拓展培优 主题语境01人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与自我-方法与哲理 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C5.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C5.D 3/3 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 The Yellow River Scenic Area is in the northwest of Zhengzhou. It’s about 20 kilometers away from the city. And it shows the wonderful scenery. There are over 40 scenic spots (景点). It covers an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The Longmen Grottoes (石窟) in Luoyang are about 13 kilometers south of Luoyang. The carving (雕刻) began in 493, during the Northern Wei Dynasty (朝代). Most of the carvings were built in the Tang Dynasty. The building work ended in the Qing Dynasty. After over 1,000 years, there are over 2,300 caves and 100,000 statues (雕像) left there. The Henan Museum is in the center of Zhengzhou. It is one of the largest museums in China. The building style is grand and special. It has over 170,000 cultural relics (文物). The history of planting chrysanthemums (菊花) in Kaifeng started over 1,500 years ago. Now the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival is held (举办) every year. It lasts a month, from October to November. Tourists can taste delicious food while enjoying chrysanthemums. It is really a good treat for both your eyes and your stomach. 1.What can you learn about the Yellow River Scenic Area? A. It is more than 30 square kilometers. B. It is about 13 km away from Zhengzhou. C. There are over 2,300 caves in it. D. It has more than 40 scenic spots. 2.In which dynasty did the carving of the Longmen Grottoes begin? A. The Northern Wei Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Northern Song Dynasty. D. The Qing Dynasty. 3.Where is the Henan Museum? A. It’s in the south of Luoyang. B. It’s in the center of Kaifeng. C. It’s in the center of Zhengzhou. D. It’s in the northwest of Zhengzhou. 4.How long does the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival in Kaifeng last every year? A. A week. B. Half a month. C. A month. D. Two months. 5.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce the history of Henan. B. To give some information about Henan culture. C. To list the reasons why people like chrysanthemums. D. To ask students to study the culture of Henan. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了河南省的四个著名景点和文化活动，包括黄河风景区、龙门石窟、河南博物馆和开封菊花文化节。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“There are over 40 scenic spots (景点).”可知，黄河风景区有超过40个景点。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The carving (雕刻) began in 493, during the Northern Wei Dynasty (朝代).”可知，龙门石窟的雕刻始于北魏时期。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Henan Museum is in the center of Zhengzhou.”可知，河南博物馆位于郑州市中心。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It lasts a month, from October to November.”可知，开封菊花文化节持续一个月。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了河南省的四个景点和文化活动，旨在提供有关河南文化的信息。故选B。 主题语境02 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·河南驻马店第二初中学·期中）People find it important to be in good health now. To keep healthy, many people go to work on foot. When they start walking, they open the step counter app in their phones to record how many steps they walk that day. After a day’s walk, some people show the number on WeChat or Weibo. This can make them learn from each other and keep exercising. “This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said, “I can also talk about how to keep healthy with my friends on WeChat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.” Mr Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was kind of lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. It’s great to exercise with my friends. Sometimes there are prizes for those who walk more steps. I really like it,” he said. Walking is a relaxing and useful way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. Recording the steps helps people develop (养成) a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking. But don’t take the number too seriously. 1.Why do people open the step counter app when walking? A. To get prizes from the app. B. To talk with friends on WeChat. C. To show beautiful pictures. D. To record the steps they walk that day. 2.What does the underlined phrase “step counter” mean? A. 备忘录 B. 计步器 C. 计时器 D. 体重器 3.What changed Mr Wu’s habit? A. Using the step counter app. B. His friends’ encouragement. C. The prizes for more steps. D. His love for walking. 4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. More people go to work on foot to save money. B. Miss Liu and Mr Wu like to exercise with their friends. C. People usually show the number of steps in the morning. D. Walking isn’t a useful way to exercise. 5.What does the writer think of showing the number of steps? A. It can make people relaxed. B. It can make people stop driving cars. C. It can make people get interested in walking. D. It can make people eat and sleep well. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了计步器App对健康习惯的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When they start walking, they open the step counter app…to record how many steps they walk that day.”可知，开始步行时，人们打开计步器App是为了记录当天步数。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“When they start walking, they open the step counter app in their phones to record how many steps they walk that day.”可知，当他们开始走路时，他们打开手机上的计步器应用程序，记录他们当天走了多少步。后文描述了功能是“记录走了多少步”，因此划线词意为“计步器”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“After I use the step counter app, everything is different.”可知，使用计步器应用改变了他的习惯。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.”和“It’s great to exercise with my friends.”可知，两人都喜欢和朋友一起锻炼。故选B。 (5)题解析： 观点态度题。根据“…showing the number can make people more interested in walking.”可知，作者认为展示步数能提升人们对步行的兴趣。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-计划与愿望 （25-26八上·河南开封开封市第二十七中教育集团·期中）This summer, Mary, Tom and Alan are going to have a great vacation. The following are their plans for the coming vacation. Mary Tom Alan Where to go Beijing Spain Canada When to leave The first week of June. The last day of May. July 18th. With whom Her parents. His best friends. His cousin. What to do Go hiking. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Watch a bullfight (斗牛). Stay on the farm. Watch videos. Go fishing. How long For one month. For two weeks. Until September. 1.When is Mary leaving for Beijing? A. During the first week of June. B. During the first week of May. C. On July 18th. D. On the last day of May. 2.What will Tom do in Spain on vacation? A. Go hiking. B. Watch a bullfight. C. Go fishing. D. Watch videos. 3.Who will have the longest vacation? A. Mary. B. Tom. C. Alan. D. All of them. 4.How many people will go to Beijing with Mary on holiday? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. We don’t know. 5.When could you meet Alan in Canada? A. On May 31. B. On July 16. C. On August 1. D. On September 10. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了Mary、Tom和Alan三人的假期计划。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The first week of June.”可知，Mary在六月的第一周前往北京。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Watch a bullfight”可知，Tom会在西班牙观看斗牛。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“For one month.”可知，Mary的假期是一个月；根据“For two weeks.”可知，Tom的假期是两周；根据“July 18th.”及“Until September.”可知，Alan的假期是从7月18日到9月。因此Alan的假期最长。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Her parents.”可知，Mary的父母和她一起去北京。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“July 18th.”及“Until September.”可知，Alan在7月18日出发，假期结束是在9月，因此可知可以在8月1日在加拿大见到Alan。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南漯河实验中学-11月·期中）The Chinese Scholar Tree (国槐) is one of China's most popular trees. Chinese people plant it in parks, gardens and along the streets because of its lovely appearance and cultural meaning. This special tree grows quite tall. It can reach up to 25 metres. The leaves are bright green in summer and turn yellow in autumn. During July and August, the tree becomes even more beautiful when it blooms (开花) with white or yellow flowers. Then many bees and butterflies come to the flowers. Later, the flowers turn into long, thin seed pods (种荚), looking just like green beans. The Chinese Scholar Tree is very tough. It can grow well in both cold areas and warm places. Even in dirty areas, the Chinese Scholar Tree can still stay healthy. No matter where it grows, this amazing tree always shows its strength. This tree is important to Chinese people. In China, people see this tree as a symbol of smart students and hard-working scholars (学者). That's why people often plant it near schools— to remind kids to study and grow, just like the tree!The strong wood is perfect for making desks, chairs, beds and other things. Chinese doctors also use different parts of the tree as medicine (药) to help sick people feel better. Today, this wonderful tree still reminds us how nature and culture are connected. Many cities now choose to plant Chinese Scholar Trees because they are beautiful, useful, and full of meanings. 1.What colour do Chinese Scholar Trees' leaves turn in autumn? A. Red. B. Yellow. C. White. D. Bright green. 2.What does the underlined word" tough" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Strong. B. Beautiful. C. Useful. D. Meaningful. 3.Why do people plant the tree near schools according to the text (根据文章)? A. To make the air fresh. B. To teach kids to protect trees. C. To bring good luck to students. D. To remind kids to study and grow. 4.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The history of Chinese Scholar Tree. B. The appearance of Chinese Scholar Tree. C. The importance of Chinese Scholar Tree. D. The living environment of Chinese Scholar Tree. 5.What is the main purpose of this text? A. To show how to plant trees. B. To explain how trees make medicine. C. To compare different kinds of trees. D. To talk about a special kind of Chinese tree. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了国槐的外观、生长特性、对中国人的重要性及文化意义，说明其是兼具美观、实用与内涵的中国特色树木。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The leaves are bright green in summer and turn yellow in autumn.”可知，国槐的叶子在秋天会变黄。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“It can grow well in both cold areas and warm places. Even in dirty areas, the Chinese Scholar Tree can still stay healthy. No matter where it grows, this amazing tree always shows its strength.”可知，国槐在各种环境中都能茁壮成长，体现出顽强的特质，“tough”意为“坚强的”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“That's why people often plant it near schools—to remind kids to study and grow, just like the tree!”可知，人们在学校附近种植国槐是为了提醒孩子们学习和成长。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“This tree is important to Chinese people.”及段落中关于国槐的象征意义、木材用途和药用价值的描述可知，第四段主要讲述了国槐的重要性。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文围绕“The Chinese Scholar Tree (国槐) is one of China's most popular trees.”展开，介绍了国槐的外观、生长特性、重要性等内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍这种特殊的中国树木。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南开封河南大学附属中学—·期中）The elephant is the largest land animal in the world. There are two main kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Asian elephant. African elephants are usually larger. They have very big ears that look like the map of Africa. Asian elephants have smaller ears. Elephants have many interesting parts. They have long trunks. The trunk is like a nose and a hand. Elephants use their trunks to smell, breathe, drink water, pick up food, and even say hello to friends. They also have two long teeth called tusks. They use tusks to dig for food and water. Elephants are very smart animals. They have good memories and can remember places and other elephants for a long time. They live in family groups. The leader is usually an old female elephant. Elephants eat a lot! They spend about 16 hours a day eating. Their food includes grass, leaves, fruit, and bark. 1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Elephants have very big ears. B. Elephants are the largest land animals and have two main types. C. African elephants are larger than Asian elephants. D. Asian elephants have smaller ears. 2.What does an elephant use its trunk for? A. Only for smelling. B. Only for drinking water. C. For many things like smelling, drinking, and picking up food. D. For fighting. 3.According to the passage, what are “tusks”? A. The big ears of the elephant. B. The long nose of the elephant. C. The long teeth of the elephant. D. The food that elephants eat. 4.Which of the following is TRUE about elephants? A. They are not very smart. B. They live alone. C. They have good memories. D. They eat for only a few hours a day. 5.Who is usually the leader of an elephant family? A. A young male elephant. B. The strongest elephant. C. A human trainer. D. An old female elephant. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大象这一世界上最大的陆地动物，包括大象的种类、身体特征、聪明程度、饮食习惯以及象群中的领导角色等相关信息。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The elephant is the largest land animal in the world. There are two main kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Asian elephant.”可知，第一段主要讲了大象是世界上最大的陆地动物，并且有两种主要类型，即非洲象和亚洲象。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Elephants use their trunks to smell, breathe, drink water, pick up food, and even say hello to friends.”可知，大象用它们的鼻子来闻气味、呼吸、喝水、捡食物，甚至和朋友打招呼，也就是用于很多事情。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also have two long teeth called tusks.”可知，“tusks”是大象的长牙。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Elephants are very smart animals. They have good memories and can remember places and other elephants for a long time.”可知，大象很聪明，记忆力很好。故选C。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They live in family groups. The leader is usually an old female elephant.”可知，象群的领导通常是一头年老的女性大象。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·河南郑州九十六中，四十七中等校·期中）People need plants to live. Plants give us food, clothing, and oxygen (氧气). Trees, flowers and grass are all plants. Green plants need sun and water to grow. A plant usually has the following parts. Each part has a job to do. Some plants have fruit. They usually have seeds in fruit. Apples, oranges and pears are all fruit. Many flowers are colourful. They help the plant to make seeds. Leaves grow out of the stem. How do leaves work? ________ The stems grow up from the roots and help the plant to stand. They give food and water to other parts of the plant. The roots of a plant usually grow underground. They take in food and water for the plant. Seeds come in many sizes. When seeds are in the earth, they grow slowly and grow into new plants. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.What can plants give us? ①food ②clothing ③water ④oxygen A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 2.How many parts does a plant usually have? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 3.What are the functions (作用) of the stems? A. They help to make seeds for the plants. B. They take in food and water from the earth. C. They help the plant to stand and give food and water to other parts of the plant. D. They help the fruit to make seeds 4.Which sentence can be put in the “________”? A. They help to make fruit. B. Many animals eat green leaves. C. Green leaves grow very quickly. D. They use the sun to make food for the plant. 5.Where is this text most probably from? A. A novel about gardening. B. A science textbook for students. C. A travel guide to a botanical garden. D. An advertisement for plant seeds. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了植物对人类的作用，以及植物各部分的名称和功能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章开头“Plants give us food, clothing, and oxygen”可知，植物能给我们提供食物、衣物和氧气，未提及水。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章中“Each part has a job to do”及图表内容，植物包含的部分有“fruit, flowers, leaves, stem, roots, seeds”可知，共6个部分。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据图表中关于茎的描述“The stems grow up from the roots and help the plant to stand. They give food and water to other parts of the plant”可知，茎的作用是支撑植物，并向植物其他部分输送养分和水分。故选C。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据前文“Leaves grow out of the stem. How do leaves work?”，结合植物知识可知，叶子的核心功能是光合作用，因此选项D“它们利用阳光为植物制造养分。”符合叶子的工作原理。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据本文开头提到“People need plants to live. Plants give us food, clothing, and oxygen...”，并详细介绍植物的结构与功能，属于基础科学认知内容，可知最可能来自学生用的科学课本。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 The Yellow River Scenic Area is in the northwest of Zhengzhou. It’s about 20   kilometers away from the city. And it shows the wonderful scenery. There are over 40 scenic spots (景点). It covers an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The Longmen Grottoes (石窟) in Luoyang is about 13 kilometers south of   Luoyang. The carving (雕刻) began in 493, the Northern Wei Dynasty (386~534). Most of the carvings were built in the Tang Dynasty. The building work ended in the Qing Dynasty. After over 1,000 years, there are over 2,300 caves and 100,000 statues left there. The Henan Museum is in Zhengzhou. It is one of the largest museums in China.   The building style is grand and special. It has over 170,000 cultural relics (文物). （续表） The history of planting chrysanthemums (菊花) in Kaifeng started over 1,500   years ago. Now the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival is held (举办) every year. It lasts a month, from October to November. Tourists can taste delicious food while enjoying chrysanthemums. It is really a good treat for both your eyes and your stomach. 1.What can you learn about the Yellow River Scenic Area? A. It is more than 30 square kilometers. B. It is about 13 km away from Zhengzhou. C. There are over 2,300 caves in it. D. It has more than 40 scenic spots. 2.In which dynasty did the carving of the Longmen Grottoes begin? A. The Northern Wei Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Northern Song Dynasty. D. The Qing Dynasty. 3.Where is the Henan Museum? A. It’s in Luoyang. B. It’s in Kaifeng. C. It’s in Zhengzhou. D. It’s in Anyang. 4.How long does the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival in Kaifeng last every year? A. A week. B. Half a month. C. A month. D. Two months. 5.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce the history of Henan. B. To give some information about Henan culture. C. To list the reasons why people like chrysanthemums. D. To ask students to study the culture of Henan. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了河南省的四个著名景点和文化活动，包括黄河风景区、龙门石窟、河南博物馆和开封菊花文化节。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“There are over 40 scenic spots.”可知，黄河风景区有超过40个景点。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The carving began in 493, the Northern Wei Dynasty (386~534).”可知，龙门石窟的雕刻始于北魏时期。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Henan Museum is in Zhengzhou.”可知，河南博物馆位于郑州市。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It lasts a month, from October to November.”可知，开封菊花文化节持续一个月。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了河南省的四个景点和文化活动，旨在提供有关河南文化的信息。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·河南驻马店第二初中学·期中）Do you find that your dinners with your parents are less happy than before? Do you find it easier to chat with them in the past? Do you and your parents often disagree on things? You’re not alone. Many kids and their parents have such experiences. When you’re growing up, your body changes a lot. You might worry about getting taller or heavier than your friends, or about your voice changing or getting spots on your face. When you feel worried, you might get angry at your parents sometimes. It’s also hard to balance (平衡) your feelings as you grow up. You get into a strange time called middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult (成人). You want to do things by yourself more, but you still need your parents’ love and help. You want to make decisions by yourself, but your parents might not always agree. This can make you feel sad. But don’t worry too much about arguments with your parents. Many kids have them too. The most important thing is to talk to your parents. Tell them how you feel, even if it's hard. They might not agree with you right away, but if you keep talking and listening to each other, you can find a way to make things better. Remember, your parents love you and want to help you. Sometimes they forget how hard it is to grow up. But if you keep talking and trying to understand each other, you can work things out. So keep trying, and you’ll find that you and your parents can get along well. 1.How does the writer lead into the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By asking questions. C. By listing some facts. D. By giving numbers. 2.What does the phrase “middle ground” mean in the third paragraph? A. Between being a child and an adult. B. Being a little kid. C. Being an adult. D. Being an old person. 3.What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A. Being not easy to make your own decisions. B. Getting taller than your friends. C. Having no time to talk or play with parents. D. Failing to balance homework and hobbies. 4.What’s the purpose (目的) of the text? A. To ask children to become more hard-working. B. To describe the change of looks to the teenagers. C. To give advice on how to get along better with parents. D. To show that teenagers have problems with their parents. 5.Where does this text probably come from? A. A health magazine. B. A science report. C. A travel guide. D. An education magazine. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了青少年成长过程中与父母产生矛盾的原因，并给出了通过沟通与父母更好相处的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Do you find that your dinners with your parents are less happy than before? Do you find it easier to chat with them in the past? Do you and your parents often disagree on things?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引入话题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“no longer a small child but not quite an adult (成人)”可知，“middle ground”指的是处于孩子和成人之间的阶段。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“You want to make decisions by yourself, but your parents might not always agree.”可知，“This”指代的是自己做决定但父母可能不同意这种情况，也就是不容易自己做决定。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段中“The most important thing is to talk to your parents... you can find a way to make things better.”以及“So keep trying, and you’ll find that you and your parents can get along well.”可知，文章的目的是给出如何与父母更好相处的建议。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。文章围绕青少年与父母之间的相处问题展开，分析了原因并给出建议，属于教育相关内容，可能来自教育杂志。故选D。 主题语境03 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 （25-26八上·河南开封鼓楼区第三十三中学-11月·期中）Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides certain kinds of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.The question “How do they make it?” in Paragraph 1 is raised to ______. A. surprise the readers B. express the writer’s opinion C. make the readers think D. introduce the background of the story 2.How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps. C. By bringing food together. D. By walking through a forest. 3.What does the underlined word “mystery” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Birds’ Sense of Light B. Fish’s Sense of Smell C. Animals’ Sense of Direction D. Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了不同动物如何利用特殊的方向感能力找到回家的路，并指出人类活动对这些能力的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.”可知，该问句是为了引发读者思考，进而引出下文对动物导航能力的解释。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，某种蚂蚁通过数步数来找到回家的路。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知，科学家们还没有好的答案，因此“mystery”意为“谜”，和Secret意思相近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了不同动物如何利用各种感官能力找到回家的路，包括蚂蚁数步数、鱼类嗅觉、鸟类嗅觉地图以及对地球磁场的感知等。因此最佳标题应为“动物的方向感”。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自我-感情与情绪 （25-26八上·河南驻马店部分城区中学·期中）If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him or her. But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? “People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,” Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one? Kumar and his team asked some students to write a thank-you note to another person by e-mail. Then, they asked both the writer and the receiver how sending or getting these notes made them feel. Here is the result. They found that these writers didn’t like to write the notes because they felt like they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receivers, however, felt glad when they got the notes. “When you are a receiver, you really care about the warmth of the notes,” Kumar said. Also, the writers didn’t like to write the notes because they thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to get a thank-you note. But in fact, it’s not true. “They feel quite happy,” Kumar said. “They don’t really feel awkward at all. If people know that writing a thank-you note could be so important to others, they will do it more often.” In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat (对待) other people and how we feel. 1.How did the writer start the passage? A. By asking questions. B. By using a saying. C. By using numbers. D. By making a survey. 2.We know from the passage that if a friend helps us, it’s a good idea to ________. A. just say thank you B. write a thank-you note to him or her C. sit down with him or her D. get a thank-you note from him or her 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. Writing a thank-you note isn’t important to others at all. B. People like to write thank-you notes when someone helps them. C. People don’t feel awkward after getting thank-you notes. D. When getting thank-you notes, people don’t care about the warmth. 4.Which of the following is the best structure of the passage? A. ①/②/③④/⑤ B. ①②/③/④⑤ C. ①②③/④/⑤ D. ①/②/③④⑤ 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To teach people how to write thank-you notes. B. To show that people like receiving thank-you notes. C. To encourage people to write thank-you notes more often. D. To explain why people feel awkward getting thank-you notes. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文探讨了人们对写感谢信的态度。Kumar教授团队实验发现，写信者觉得麻烦，收信者则感高兴温暖，文章鼓励人们多写感谢信。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? ‘People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,’ Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启文章。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him.”可知，如果朋友帮助了你，给他写一封感谢信是个好主意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But in fact, it’s not true. ‘They feel quite happy,’ Kumar said. ‘They don’t really feel awkward at all.’”可知，收到感谢信的人并不会感到尴尬。故选C。 (4)题解析： 篇章结构题。文章第一段通过提问引出话题；第二段介绍Kumar教授及其团队的实验；第三、四段分别介绍写感谢信的人和收到感谢信的人的感受；第五段总结全文，鼓励人们更多地写感谢信。因此，文章结构为①/②/③④/⑤。故选A。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat other people and how we feel.”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们更多地写感谢信。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南许昌第一中学·期中）Everyone wants to have good friends and keep the friendship for a long time. So, how can we do that? Friendship is like a young tree. If you take good care of it, you’ll have a strong plant and it will grow bigger and better over time. If you want to keep the friendship long, please remember the following tips. First, spend time with the people you’d like to be friends with. And join in their plans. If you don’t agree with their plans, say it in a friendly way like “I like that idea, but maybe we could…” Second, be a good listener. When others are talking, show them that you’re really interested in what they are saying. Third, get to know people well by sharing “safe” ideas with them. It’s not always safe to tell others what you worry about. But you can talk about TV shows or your favourite football team. Lastly, stay positive. Don’t spend too much time on unhappy things. Talk about the good things in your life because no one wants to have problems all the time. Be a good friend if you want to have a good friend. 1.How many ways of keeping the friendship long are mentioned? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2.What should you do when you listen to your friends talking? A. Show you are unhappy to talk with them. B. Show you don’t have time to talk with them. C. Show you don’t care about what they are saying. D. Show you’re really interested in what they’re saying. 3.What would be safe when sharing your ideas with your friends? A. Talking about TV shows. B. Talking about the bad things. C. Talking about your problems. D. Talking about your worries. 4.What does the underlined word “positive” mean in Paragraph 6? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Busy. D. Worried. 5.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of making friends. B. Advice on being a good listener. C. Tips on how to keep the friendship long. D. Ways to stay positive. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了维持长久友谊的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“First, spend time with the people you’d like to be friends with.”、“Second, be a good listener.”、“Third, get to know people well by sharing ‘safe’ ideas with them.”及“Lastly, stay positive.”可知，文章提及了四种方法。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When others are talking, show them that you’re really interested in what they are saying.”可知。当朋友说话时，表现出你对他们所说的真正感兴趣。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“But you can talk about TV shows or your favourite football team.”可知，谈论电视节目是安全的话题。故选A。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Don’t spend too much time on unhappy things. Talk about the good things in your life”可知，不要花太多时间在不开心的事情上，要谈论生活中好的事情，也即是要保持积极乐观，划线单词表示“积极乐观的”，与happy近义。故选B。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“Everyone wants to have good friends and keep the friendship for a long time. So, how can we do that?”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了维持长久友谊的方法。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南濮阳-11月·期中）Life can be full of problems sometimes. Staying positive is an excellent way to improve your life. No matter how difficult things seem, positive thinking can help you feel more confident and full of energy. Here are the tips to do that. One way to stay positive is to focus on the good things in your life. For example, if you have a hobby you enjoy, like painting or playing the guitar, make some time for it every day. This can make you feel that life is full and happy. Another way of staying positive is to exercise regularly. Exercise not only keeps you fit but also (而且) helps you keep away from negative (消极的) thoughts. Next, keep a smile and be an active person. Though life can be hard, choosing to smile at others and doing a great job in your tasks can help you get into a good mood. A positive lifestyle is important because it helps you solve problems better. Remember, staying positive doesn’t mean ignoring (忽视) problems. It means facing them in a positive way. So, look at the bright side of life, and you’ll find that even difficult situations become easy to manage. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.According to the text, what can positive thinking do? A. It can help us make more money. B. It can give us a strong body. C. It can help us to be more confident and energetic. D. It can give us an easy life. 2.Why is exercise helpful in staying positive? A. It makes you feel young and keeps you fit. B. It helps you solve all the problems. C. It makes you forget about your hobbies. D. It keeps you away from negative thoughts. 3.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Staying positive means ignoring the problems. B. Life can be difficult sometimes. C. Exercise is good for both our mind and body. D. Thinking positively is to look at the bright side of life. 4.How many ways of staying positive does the text tell us? A. Five. B. Three. C. Two. D. One. 5.What is the writer’s purpose (意图) in writing the text? A. To explain why hobbies are important. B. To encourage people to stay positive. C. To tell that exercise is the key to happiness. D. To show how to solve all the problems in life. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了保持积极心态的重要性以及几种保持积极心态的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“No matter how difficult things seem, positive thinking can help you feel more confident and full of energy.”可知，积极思考能让人更自信和充满活力。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Exercise not only keeps you fit but also (而且) helps you keep away from negative (消极的) thoughts.”可知，锻炼有助于远离消极想法。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Remember, staying positive doesn’t mean ignoring (忽视) problems.”可知，保持积极并不意味着忽视问题。因此，选项A“保持积极意味着忽视问题”与原文不符。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“One way to stay positive is to focus on the good things in your life.”，第三段“Another way of staying positive is to exercise regularly.”和第四段“Next, keep a smile and be an active person.”可知，文章提到了三种保持积极心态的方法：关注生活中的美好事物；定期锻炼；保持微笑和积极的态度。故选B。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了保持积极心态的方法和重要性。因此，作者的意图是鼓励人们保持积极。故选B。 主题语境06 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南鹤壁·期中）Many animals blend in (使……融入) with their surroundings (周围的事物). Animals use colours, body shapes or both to blend in. This is called camouflage (伪装). Camouflage helps animals hide (隐藏) and find food. Stonefish (石头鱼) The stonefish uses camouflage to get food. It looks like the stone on the sea floor. It can’t be recognized (认出) from the surroundings. If one fish touches it by mistake, the stonefish will eat it. Grey Tree Frog The grey tree frog uses camouflage to protect itself. It looks like a tree branch. When the frogs climb up trees, they are safe enough because they can’t be seen easily. Polar Bear (北极熊) Polar bears live in the ice and snow. Everything around them is white. They are covered in white fur, except for their eyes, noses and the bottom (底部) of their feet. It’s not easy to see a polar bear in the snow. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.Why does the stonefish blend in with the surroundings? A. To go for a holiday. B. To change its colour. C. To get some food. D. To swim with other fish. 2.How do the grey tree frogs keep safe? A. By climbing up trees. B. By hiding behind stones. C. By staying under the trees. D. By swimming under the water. 3.How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the text? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Camouflage helps animals hide and find food. B. The stonefish looks like the stone on the sea floor. C. Grey tree frogs use camouflage to protect themselves. D. It’s not difficult to see a polar bear in the snow. 5.Where can we probably read this text? A. In a biology book. B. In a history book. C. In a storybook. D. In a novel. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种动物（石头鱼、灰树蛙和北极熊）如何利用伪装来获取食物或保护自己，说明了伪装对动物生存的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The stonefish uses camouflage to get food. It looks like the stone on the sea floor.”可知，石头鱼伪装是为了获取食物。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The grey tree frog uses camouflage to protect itself. It looks like a tree branch. When the frogs climb up trees, they are safe enough because they can’t be seen easily.”可知，灰树蛙通过爬树并伪装成树枝来确保安全。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中内容可知，文章分别介绍了石头鱼、灰树蛙和北极熊三种动物，因此共提到三种动物。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s not easy to see a polar bear in the snow.”可知，在雪地里看到北极熊并不容易，因此选项D“在雪地里看到北极熊并不困难”与原文不符。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，文章主要介绍了动物的伪装行为及其作用，属于生物学范畴，因此最可能出现在生物学书籍中。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南许昌第一中学·期中）Long ago, when the god first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. Then the god pulled (拔) the tree out and planted it upside down (颠倒) to make sure it stayed in one place. What’s the tree? It’s the baobab tree, also called the monkey bread tree, the bottle tree or others. The baobab tree is a strange-looking tree that grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its name “the bottle tree”, it looks like a large bottle. Some grow as tall as a 16-floor building. During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves, and look like trunks (树干) sticking up in the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then flowers come out. Later, the flowers can turn into fruit. The baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live for more than 1,000 years. In the dry land, the baobab can pull in and hold 1,000 gallons of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, monkey bread, is good to eat. Baobab leaves are a kind of medicine (药). People can use the bark (树皮) to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes hollow. An old tree can hold many people. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a useful tree that some people can hardly live without it. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 1.How does the writer begin the text? A. By singing a song. B. By showing a story. C. By asking a question. D. By giving an example. 2.Which of the following pictures is the baobab? A. A B. B C. C D. D 3.When a baobab gets old, its trunk __________. A. becomes strong B. gets dry C. gets hollow D. becomes useful 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. The baobab has many names. B. Flowers come out in rainy seasons. C. The leaves of the baobab are good medicine. D. The oldest baobab is less than 1,000 years old. 5.What’s the best title of the passage? A. The god and the baobab B. What does the baobab like in a year? C. A special tree— the baobab D. The baobab’s trunk, leaves and fruit 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了猴面包树，讲述了关于它的传说、外观、价值等内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Long ago, when the god first planted a tree in the garden”可知，作者讲述了上帝种树的故事，所以作者是通过展示一个故事来开始这篇文章的，故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves, and look like trunks (树干) sticking up in the air.”可知，旱季猴面包树的样子是没有叶子，像树干直立在空中，故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes hollow.” 可知，猴面包树变老后，树干会变得中空，故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The baobab is called ‘the tree of life’, because it can live for more than 1,000 years.”可知猴面包树能活1000多年，不是不到1000 年。故选D。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了猴面包树，包括它的外观、生长环境、用途等，C选项“一种特殊的树——猴面包树”为最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·河南焦作·期中）Sunflowers are very happy-looking plants. They get their name because young sunflower heads follow the sun. Every morning, they face east to see the sun rise. Every evening, they turn west to watch the sun set. When they grow up, they stop moving and always face east. Sunflowers are easy to grow. They like warm days and lots of sunlight. They don’t need too much water. A small sunflower seed (种子) can become a tall plant in just a few months. In summer, their big yellow petals (花瓣) make gardens and fields look beautiful. These plants are not just beautiful—they are useful too. The middle of a sunflower head has hundreds of small seeds. People eat these seeds as a snack. They also use the seeds to make sunflower oil for cooking. Birds and small animals love sunflower seeds too. Planting sunflowers helps feed them. Sunflowers make people smile. In many places, they mean happiness and hope. Next time you see a sunflower, stop and look—it may make you feel happy too! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.Why do sunflowers have their name? A. Because they grow only in summer. B. Because they need lots of water. C. Because their petals are as big as the sun. D. Because young sunflower heads follow the sun. 2.When do sunflowers stop moving and always face east? A. When they are just small seeds. B. When they are young and new. C. When they grow up. D. When the sun sets in the evening. 3.Which of the following is NOT true about growing sunflowers? A. They like warm days. B. They need a lot of sunlight. C. They need too much water every day. D. A small seed can grow into a tall plant quickly. 4.What do people use sunflower seeds for? A. To eat as a snack and make cooking oil. B. To make flowers more beautiful. C. Only to feed birds and small animals. D. To help other plants grow. 5.How may people feel when they see a sunflower according to the text? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Angry. D. Bored. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了向日葵的相关知识。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They get their name because young sunflower heads follow the sun.”可知，是因为年轻的向日葵花盘跟着太阳。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When they grow up, they stop moving and always face east.”可知，当它们长大后，向日葵停止移动并且总是面向东。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They don’t need too much water.”可知，他们不需要太多的水。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The middle of a sunflower head has hundreds of small seeds. People eat these seeds as a snack. They also use the seeds to make sunflower oil for cooking.”可知，人们把向日葵种子当作零食吃，还用这些种子制作葵花油来烹饪。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Sunflowers make people smile. In many places, they mean happiness and hope. Next time you see a sunflower, stop and look—it may make you feel happy too!”可知，当人们看到向日葵时，他们应该会感到快乐。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26八上·河南实验中学-11月·期中）Shirley, an elephant, has something to say. She opens her mouth and speaks. The nearby elephants understand the sound, but it is just noise to me. What is Shirley exactly saying? Scientists are not sure, but they are trying to find out how elephants communicate. I visited Shirley at the Elephant Sanctuary (避难所) in Hohenwald, Tennessee. The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团). Now they walk freely in the forests. A noisy group Not all the elephants speak like Shirley. Tarra speaks like a sea lion when she is happy. Bunny squeaks (吱吱叫) often. I soon get used to hearing the different voices of the elephants. When one gray giant comes close to me, I know which elephant it is. Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone. Old friends The elephants speak to one another for the same reasons people talk. Sometimes they even shout with excitement. When Shirley first came to the sanctuary, Jenny looked at her and began to shout. Shirley shouted back. At first, the animal keepers had no idea what it was about. Later, they discovered (发现) that Shirley and Jenny had stayed together for 20 years earlier in a circus. They still knew each other. ▲ There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的). In 1970, about 100,000 Asian elephants lived in the wild in Southeast Asia. Now there are only 25,600 to 32,750 elephants living there. Their home is being gradually destroyed (被毁坏). As the population grows, humans are building on more of the land. In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there. 1.What can we know about the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald? A. It is home to only one elephant named Shirley. B. All elephants there used to live in zoos or circuses. C. Elephants there can’t walk freely in the forests. D. It is located in Southeast Asia. 2.Why do elephants use the sound people can’t hear? A. To show excitement to other elephants. B. To keep in touch with their group members. C. To let animal keepers know their needs. D. To scare away humans near them. 3.Which of the following can be put back into ______? A. The wild elephants. B. African elephants. C. Asian elephants. D. Elephants in danger. 4.If there were 2 thousand wild elephants living in Africa 20 years ago, how many of them are still there now? A. 25,600. B. 32,750 C. 1,000. D. 10,000. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of elephants in circuses and zoos. B. How Shirley makes friends with other elephants. C. Different ways elephants communicate and their living situation. D. Why Asian elephants are more endangered than African elephants. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. C　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了大象的交流方式以及它们的生活状况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团).”可知，避难所是雪莉和其他五头大象的家园，这六只动物都曾在动物园或马戏团生活过。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone.”可知，大象也用一种人们听不到的方式交流，科学家认为大象的声音可以传播数公里远，群体中的大象在独自一人时用它来保持联系。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的).”可知，有两种大象——亚洲象和非洲象，在野外，这两种大象都濒临灭绝，所以本段主要讲的是处于危险中的大象。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there.”可知，20年前，非洲有许多野生大象，但现在只有一半还生活在那里，所以如果20年前非洲有2000头野生大象，那么现在那里还有1000头。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了大象的交流方式以及它们的生活状况。故选C。 主题语境01 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·河南许昌·期中）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? Clean up the room. My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try, too. 1.Who is the passage for? A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Students. D. Friends. 2.What housework can we do to show our love for our parents? A. Make a card for teachers. B. Do our homework carefully. C. Say sorry and thanks to parents. D. Clean our rooms and cook. 3.What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5? A. Doing something wrong. B. Saying sorry to parents. C. Saying thanks to parents. D. Writing a letter and drawing pictures. 4.Which is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 5.What’s the best title for the passage? A. Best gifts for parents B. Interesting things to do with children C. Ways to show our love D. Places to have fun with family members 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了作为孩子，我们可以通过一些方式向父母表达爱，如制作卡片、打扫房间、做饭以及说抱歉和感谢等。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways.”可知文章是写给孩子们的，即学生。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Clean up the room.”以及“Making dinner for them can give them a break.”可知可以通过打扫房间和做饭来向父母表达爱。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel.”可知如果做错了事，会对父母说抱歉，这样做父母就会知道自己的感受，所以that指代的是“向父母道歉”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 篇章结构题。文章第1段总述要向父母表达爱，第2至5段分别介绍具体方式，属于“总分”结构。故选A。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了向父母表达爱的方式，所以最佳标题是“Ways to show our love”。故选C。 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·河南郑州中学初中部·期中） Do you like doing homework while listening to music? Or will you fold clothes when watching a show? Everyone may experience these situations in daily life and this doing-it-all-at-once thing is known as multitasking. Multitasking means doing more than one activity at a time. In daily life, many of us multitask without even realizing it. But does multitasking really do good to our lives? You may think multitasking saves your time, but the truth is that only 2.5% of people can multitask well. Studies have found that most people who multitask will spend more time and make more mistakes. That’s because when we multitask, we are overusing (过度使用) the part of our brain that controls thinking and planning. It is hard on our brains. Our brains will get tired, and since we’re not successfully finishing any one task, we can feel upset and stressed. Instead, if we only deal with one task at a time, we will do a better and more correct job. However, others may disagree. They think people multitask not only because they want to save time but also because they enjoy it. Some scientists find that multitasking makes people feel more active and have a better sense of participation (参与感). These good feelings will improve their performance and offer a feeling of satisfaction. Also, multitasking is a modern way of life and an important skill you should learn as you grow up. After all, who doesn’t want to complete more in less time? Instead of stopping multitasking, it’s better to learn how to deal with so many tasks well. It seems that multitasking is playing an important role in our lives. But it may not be as useful as you expect. What do you think? Should we keep it or drop it? 1.Which of the following is multitasking? A. Lily focuses on her homework. B. Tom eats lunch while checking emails. C. Emma is lost in reading books. D. Peter does nothing but sleep the whole day. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Overusing our brains. B. Thinking and planning. C. Finishing a task successfully. D. Feeling upset and stressed. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The people who prefer multitasking. B. The time when people multitask. C. The reasons why people multitask D. The results that multitasking brings. 4.What does the writer think of multitasking? A. He thinks it’s useful. B. He’s unsure about it. C. He thinks it’s unimportant. D. He’s hopeful about it. 5.What is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了多任务处理在日常生活中的作用及其对人们的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Multitasking means doing more than one activity at a time.”可知，多任务处理意味着同时进行多个活动。选项B“汤姆边吃午饭边查收电子邮件”描述的是同时进行两个活动，符合多任务处理的定义。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“That’s because when we multitask, we are overusing the part of our brain that controls thinking and planning. It is hard on our brains.”可知，当我们同时处理多项任务时，我们过度使用了大脑中控制思维和计划的部分，这对我们的大脑来说很难。所以“it”指代的是“过度使用大脑”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第4段特别是“They think people multitask not only because they want to save time but also because they enjoy it.”可知，本段主要讨论了人们进行多任务处理的原因。故选C。 (4)题解析： 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“It seems that multitasking is playing an important role in our lives. But it may not be as useful as you expect.”可知，似乎多任务处理在我们的生活中起着重要作用，但它可能没有你想象的那么有用。由此可知作者对多任务处理的态度是未明确的。故选B。 (5)题解析： 篇章结构题。根据文章的结构，首先介绍了多任务处理的定义（第一、二段），接着分析了其优缺点（第三、四段），最后提出了是否应该继续多任务处理的思考（第五段）。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 People use languages to communicate. Animals communicate, too. Then how? Some animals use sounds. Each penguin has a special call. Other penguins hear the sound and know who is calling. Some animals light up (照亮). Jellyfish can make their bodies bright. They light up when a predator (捕食者) comes later. Some animals use colour. An octopus changes its colour. A light colour means the octopus is friendly. A dark colour means it is angry. Dolphins’ ears are very small. But they know what the sounds from other dolphins mean. How? Sounds make vibrations (振动) in water. And dolphins can feel the vibrations. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.How does this passage start the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By listing numbers. C. By asking a question. D. By giving an example. 2.In what way are penguins different from each other? A. In the shape. B. In the calling. C. In the color. D. In the moving. 3.What will happen when a jellyfish faces danger? A. It will become bright. B. It will become dark. C. It will make a special call. D. It will go back home. 4.How do dolphins communicate with each other? A. By singing in water. B. By making different calls. C. By feeling the vibrations in water. D. By hearing the sounds under water. 5.What’s the passage about? A. Animals and owners. B. How animals live. C. How animals move. D. How animals communicate. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动物之间除了语言之外的其他沟通方式，具体列举了企鹅用声音、水母用发光、章鱼用变色以及海豚通过感知水中振动进行交流的实例。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“People use languages to communicate. Animals communicate, too, Then how?”可知，文章通过提出一个问题来开启话题，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Each penguin has a special call. Other penguins hear the sound and know who is calling.”可知，企鹅彼此之间的不同在于叫声，故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Jellyfish can make their bodies bright. They light up when a predator (捕食者) comes later.”可知，当水母面临危险时，它会发光，故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Sounds make vibrations (振动) in water. And dolphins can feel the vibrations.”可知，海豚通过感受水中的振动来相互交流，故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了动物们的各种交流方式，如声音、发光、变色等，所以主题是关于动物如何沟通的，故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南开封开封市第二十七中教育集团·期中）Trees are one of the oldest plants of our Earth. They keep our air clean, make less pollution, make water cleaner and provide food and building materials. Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At one to three years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to stop animals from going near. At the age of four, trees begin to grow very quickly and become strong enough to face many difficulties (困难) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults (成年人). They grow more slowly and begin to produce (生长) flowers and fruit. When the tree is 20 to 25 years old, it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. It gives us shade and provides a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to read a book, listen to music and so on. If we all learn how to protect the adult tree, it will live healthily for many years. Little by little, trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, older trees are still very important in nature. When a tree becomes hollow or part of it dies, it can be a home to small animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar (相似的) to our own life. When looking at the life of a tree, we should enjoy every minute of its life and take care of the tree! 1.From the article, we know trees learn to protect themselves at ________. A. 1-3 years old B. 4 years old C. 15 years old D. 20-25 years old 2.What does the underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. 实心的 B. 空心的 C. 茁壮的 D. 健康的 3.About the growth of the tree, which of the following is the right order (顺序)? a. Grow very quickly. b. Become a real adult. c. Learn how to protect itself. d. Grow older and die. e. Produce flowers and fruit. A. b-a-c-d-e B. c-e-a-b-d C. c-a-e-b-d D. a-c-e-b-d 4.What can we infer (推测) from this article? A. We can find flowers and fruit on 4-year-old trees. B. Older trees can be great places for people to live. C. An adult tree can live long and well if we all learn how to protect them. D. The life of the tree is the same as the life of people. 5.What’s the structure (结构) of the article? (P: Paragraph 段落) A. [P1; P2-P3; P4; P5; P6] B. [P1; P2; P3-P4; P5; P6] C. [P1; P2; P3; P5-P6] D. [P1; P2-P5; P6] 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，按照时间顺序介绍了树木从幼年到老年的生长过程、特点及其在自然界中的重要作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“At one to three years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves.”可知，树木在1-3岁时学会自我保护。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“When a tree becomes hollow or part of it dies, it can be a home to small animals.”及常识可知，能成为动物住所的树木内部应是“空心的”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“At one to three years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves.”，“At the age of four years old, trees begin to grow very quickly”，“At the age of 15...They grow more slowly and begin to produce (生长) flowers and fruit.”，“When the tree is 20 to 25 years old, it becomes a real adult.”以及“Little by little, trees begin to grow older and older and even die.”可知，树木生长顺序为：1-3岁学会自我保护（c）；4岁快速生长（a）；15岁开花结果（e）；20-25岁成为真正成年树（b）；最后逐渐衰老死亡（d）。正确顺序为c-a-e-b-d。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“If we all learn how to protect the adult tree, it will live healthily for many years.”可知，如果我们都学会如何保护成年树木，它们就能健康长寿。故选C。 (5)题解析： 篇章结构题。根据全文可知，文章第一段总述树木的重要性；第二、三、四、五段按时间顺序分述树木各生长阶段；第六段总结树木生命与人类的相似性，呼吁保护树木。因此，本文属于“总分总”结构，选项D划分方式符合。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 The Yellow River Scenic Area is in the northwest of Zhengzhou. It’s about 20 kilometers away from the city. And it shows the wonderful scenery. There are over 40 scenic spots (景点). It covers an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The Longmen Grottoes (石窟) in Luoyang are about 13 kilometers south of Luoyang. The carving (雕刻) began in 493, during the Northern Wei Dynasty (朝代). Most of the carvings were built in the Tang Dynasty. The building work ended in the Qing Dynasty. After over 1,000 years, there are over 2,300 caves and 100,000 statues (雕像) left there. The Henan Museum is in the center of Zhengzhou. It is one of the largest museums in China. The building style is grand and special. It has over 170,000 cultural relics (文物). The history of planting chrysanthemums (菊花) in Kaifeng started over 1,500 years ago. Now the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival is held (举办) every year. It lasts a month, from October to November. Tourists can taste delicious food while enjoying chrysanthemums. It is really a good treat for both your eyes and your stomach. 1.What can you learn about the Yellow River Scenic Area? A. It is more than 30 square kilometers. B. It is about 13 km away from Zhengzhou. C. There are over 2,300 caves in it. D. It has more than 40 scenic spots. 2.In which dynasty did the carving of the Longmen Grottoes begin? A. The Northern Wei Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Northern Song Dynasty. D. The Qing Dynasty. 3.Where is the Henan Museum? A. It’s in the south of Luoyang. B. It’s in the center of Kaifeng. C. It’s in the center of Zhengzhou. D. It’s in the northwest of Zhengzhou. 4.How long does the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival in Kaifeng last every year? A. A week. B. Half a month. C. A month. D. Two months. 5.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce the history of Henan. B. To give some information about Henan culture. C. To list the reasons why people like chrysanthemums. D. To ask students to study the culture of Henan. 主题语境02 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·河南驻马店第二初中学·期中）People find it important to be in good health now. To keep healthy, many people go to work on foot. When they start walking, they open the step counter app in their phones to record how many steps they walk that day. After a day’s walk, some people show the number on WeChat or Weibo. This can make them learn from each other and keep exercising. “This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said, “I can also talk about how to keep healthy with my friends on WeChat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.” Mr Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was kind of lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. It’s great to exercise with my friends. Sometimes there are prizes for those who walk more steps. I really like it,” he said. Walking is a relaxing and useful way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. Recording the steps helps people develop (养成) a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking. But don’t take the number too seriously. 1.Why do people open the step counter app when walking? A. To get prizes from the app. B. To talk with friends on WeChat. C. To show beautiful pictures. D. To record the steps they walk that day. 2.What does the underlined phrase “step counter” mean? A. 备忘录 B. 计步器 C. 计时器 D. 体重器 3.What changed Mr Wu’s habit? A. Using the step counter app. B. His friends’ encouragement. C. The prizes for more steps. D. His love for walking. 4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. More people go to work on foot to save money. B. Miss Liu and Mr Wu like to exercise with their friends. C. People usually show the number of steps in the morning. D. Walking isn’t a useful way to exercise. 5.What does the writer think of showing the number of steps? A. It can make people relaxed. B. It can make people stop driving cars. C. It can make people get interested in walking. D. It can make people eat and sleep well. 主题语境03 人与自我-计划与愿望 （25-26八上·河南开封开封市第二十七中教育集团·期中）This summer, Mary, Tom and Alan are going to have a great vacation. The following are their plans for the coming vacation. Mary Tom Alan Where to go Beijing Spain Canada When to leave The first week of June. The last day of May. July 18th. With whom Her parents. His best friends. His cousin. What to do Go hiking. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Watch a bullfight (斗牛). Stay on the farm. Watch videos. Go fishing. How long For one month. For two weeks. Until September. 1.When is Mary leaving for Beijing? A. During the first week of June. B. During the first week of May. C. On July 18th. D. On the last day of May. 2.What will Tom do in Spain on vacation? A. Go hiking. B. Watch a bullfight. C. Go fishing. D. Watch videos. 3.Who will have the longest vacation? A. Mary. B. Tom. C. Alan. D. All of them. 4.How many people will go to Beijing with Mary on holiday? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. We don’t know. 5.When could you meet Alan in Canada? A. On May 31. B. On July 16. C. On August 1. D. On September 10. 主题语境04 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南漯河实验中学-11月·期中）The Chinese Scholar Tree (国槐) is one of China's most popular trees. Chinese people plant it in parks, gardens and along the streets because of its lovely appearance and cultural meaning. This special tree grows quite tall. It can reach up to 25 metres. The leaves are bright green in summer and turn yellow in autumn. During July and August, the tree becomes even more beautiful when it blooms (开花) with white or yellow flowers. Then many bees and butterflies come to the flowers. Later, the flowers turn into long, thin seed pods (种荚), looking just like green beans. The Chinese Scholar Tree is very tough. It can grow well in both cold areas and warm places. Even in dirty areas, the Chinese Scholar Tree can still stay healthy. No matter where it grows, this amazing tree always shows its strength. This tree is important to Chinese people. In China, people see this tree as a symbol of smart students and hard-working scholars (学者). That's why people often plant it near schools— to remind kids to study and grow, just like the tree!The strong wood is perfect for making desks, chairs, beds and other things. Chinese doctors also use different parts of the tree as medicine (药) to help sick people feel better. Today, this wonderful tree still reminds us how nature and culture are connected. Many cities now choose to plant Chinese Scholar Trees because they are beautiful, useful, and full of meanings. 1.What colour do Chinese Scholar Trees' leaves turn in autumn? A. Red. B. Yellow. C. White. D. Bright green. 2.What does the underlined word" tough" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Strong. B. Beautiful. C. Useful. D. Meaningful. 3.Why do people plant the tree near schools according to the text (根据文章)? A. To make the air fresh. B. To teach kids to protect trees. C. To bring good luck to students. D. To remind kids to study and grow. 4.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The history of Chinese Scholar Tree. B. The appearance of Chinese Scholar Tree. C. The importance of Chinese Scholar Tree. D. The living environment of Chinese Scholar Tree. 5.What is the main purpose of this text? A. To show how to plant trees. B. To explain how trees make medicine. C. To compare different kinds of trees. D. To talk about a special kind of Chinese tree. Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南开封河南大学附属中学—·期中）The elephant is the largest land animal in the world. There are two main kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Asian elephant. African elephants are usually larger. They have very big ears that look like the map of Africa. Asian elephants have smaller ears. Elephants have many interesting parts. They have long trunks. The trunk is like a nose and a hand. Elephants use their trunks to smell, breathe, drink water, pick up food, and even say hello to friends. They also have two long teeth called tusks. They use tusks to dig for food and water. Elephants are very smart animals. They have good memories and can remember places and other elephants for a long time. They live in family groups. The leader is usually an old female elephant. Elephants eat a lot! They spend about 16 hours a day eating. Their food includes grass, leaves, fruit, and bark. 1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Elephants have very big ears. B. Elephants are the largest land animals and have two main types. C. African elephants are larger than Asian elephants. D. Asian elephants have smaller ears. 2.What does an elephant use its trunk for? A. Only for smelling. B. Only for drinking water. C. For many things like smelling, drinking, and picking up food. D. For fighting. 3.According to the passage, what are “tusks”? A. The big ears of the elephant. B. The long nose of the elephant. C. The long teeth of the elephant. D. The food that elephants eat. 4.Which of the following is TRUE about elephants? A. They are not very smart. B. They live alone. C. They have good memories. D. They eat for only a few hours a day. 5.Who is usually the leader of an elephant family? A. A young male elephant. B. The strongest elephant. C. A human trainer. D. An old female elephant. Passage 3 （25-26八上·河南郑州九十六中，四十七中等校·期中）People need plants to live. Plants give us food, clothing, and oxygen (氧气). Trees, flowers and grass are all plants. Green plants need sun and water to grow. A plant usually has the following parts. Each part has a job to do. Some plants have fruit. They usually have seeds in fruit. Apples, oranges and pears are all fruit. Many flowers are colourful. They help the plant to make seeds. Leaves grow out of the stem. How do leaves work? ________ The stems grow up from the roots and help the plant to stand. They give food and water to other parts of the plant. The roots of a plant usually grow underground. They take in food and water for the plant. Seeds come in many sizes. When seeds are in the earth, they grow slowly and grow into new plants. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.What can plants give us? ①food ②clothing ③water ④oxygen A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 2.How many parts does a plant usually have? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 3.What are the functions (作用) of the stems? A. They help to make seeds for the plants. B. They take in food and water from the earth. C. They help the plant to stand and give food and water to other parts of the plant. D. They help the fruit to make seeds 4.Which sentence can be put in the “________”? A. They help to make fruit. B. Many animals eat green leaves. C. Green leaves grow very quickly. D. They use the sun to make food for the plant. 5.Where is this text most probably from? A. A novel about gardening. B. A science textbook for students. C. A travel guide to a botanical garden. D. An advertisement for plant seeds. 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 The Yellow River Scenic Area is in the northwest of Zhengzhou. It’s about 20   kilometers away from the city. And it shows the wonderful scenery. There are over 40 scenic spots (景点). It covers an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The Longmen Grottoes (石窟) in Luoyang is about 13 kilometers south of   Luoyang. The carving (雕刻) began in 493, the Northern Wei Dynasty (386~534). Most of the carvings were built in the Tang Dynasty. The building work ended in the Qing Dynasty. After over 1,000 years, there are over 2,300 caves and 100,000 statues left there. The Henan Museum is in Zhengzhou. It is one of the largest museums in China.   The building style is grand and special. It has over 170,000 cultural relics (文物). （续表） The history of planting chrysanthemums (菊花) in Kaifeng started over 1,500   years ago. Now the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival is held (举办) every year. It lasts a month, from October to November. Tourists can taste delicious food while enjoying chrysanthemums. It is really a good treat for both your eyes and your stomach. 1.What can you learn about the Yellow River Scenic Area? A. It is more than 30 square kilometers. B. It is about 13 km away from Zhengzhou. C. There are over 2,300 caves in it. D. It has more than 40 scenic spots. 2.In which dynasty did the carving of the Longmen Grottoes begin? A. The Northern Wei Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Northern Song Dynasty. D. The Qing Dynasty. 3.Where is the Henan Museum? A. It’s in Luoyang. B. It’s in Kaifeng. C. It’s in Zhengzhou. D. It’s in Anyang. 4.How long does the Chrysanthemum Culture Festival in Kaifeng last every year? A. A week. B. Half a month. C. A month. D. Two months. 5.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce the history of Henan. B. To give some information about Henan culture. C. To list the reasons why people like chrysanthemums. D. To ask students to study the culture of Henan. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·河南驻马店第二初中学·期中）Do you find that your dinners with your parents are less happy than before? Do you find it easier to chat with them in the past? Do you and your parents often disagree on things? You’re not alone. Many kids and their parents have such experiences. When you’re growing up, your body changes a lot. You might worry about getting taller or heavier than your friends, or about your voice changing or getting spots on your face. When you feel worried, you might get angry at your parents sometimes. It’s also hard to balance (平衡) your feelings as you grow up. You get into a strange time called middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult (成人). You want to do things by yourself more, but you still need your parents’ love and help. You want to make decisions by yourself, but your parents might not always agree. This can make you feel sad. But don’t worry too much about arguments with your parents. Many kids have them too. The most important thing is to talk to your parents. Tell them how you feel, even if it's hard. They might not agree with you right away, but if you keep talking and listening to each other, you can find a way to make things better. Remember, your parents love you and want to help you. Sometimes they forget how hard it is to grow up. But if you keep talking and trying to understand each other, you can work things out. So keep trying, and you’ll find that you and your parents can get along well. 1.How does the writer lead into the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By asking questions. C. By listing some facts. D. By giving numbers. 2.What does the phrase “middle ground” mean in the third paragraph? A. Between being a child and an adult. B. Being a little kid. C. Being an adult. D. Being an old person. 3.What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A. Being not easy to make your own decisions. B. Getting taller than your friends. C. Having no time to talk or play with parents. D. Failing to balance homework and hobbies. 4.What’s the purpose (目的) of the text? A. To ask children to become more hard-working. B. To describe the change of looks to the teenagers. C. To give advice on how to get along better with parents. D. To show that teenagers have problems with their parents. 5.Where does this text probably come from? A. A health magazine. B. A science report. C. A travel guide. D. An education magazine. 主题语境03 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 （25-26八上·河南开封鼓楼区第三十三中学-11月·期中）Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides certain kinds of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.The question “How do they make it?” in Paragraph 1 is raised to ______. A. surprise the readers B. express the writer’s opinion C. make the readers think D. introduce the background of the story 2.How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps. C. By bringing food together. D. By walking through a forest. 3.What does the underlined word “mystery” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Birds’ Sense of Light B. Fish’s Sense of Smell C. Animals’ Sense of Direction D. Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field 主题语境04 人与自我-感情与情绪 （25-26八上·河南驻马店部分城区中学·期中）If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him or her. But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? “People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,” Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one? Kumar and his team asked some students to write a thank-you note to another person by e-mail. Then, they asked both the writer and the receiver how sending or getting these notes made them feel. Here is the result. They found that these writers didn’t like to write the notes because they felt like they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receivers, however, felt glad when they got the notes. “When you are a receiver, you really care about the warmth of the notes,” Kumar said. Also, the writers didn’t like to write the notes because they thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to get a thank-you note. But in fact, it’s not true. “They feel quite happy,” Kumar said. “They don’t really feel awkward at all. If people know that writing a thank-you note could be so important to others, they will do it more often.” In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat (对待) other people and how we feel. 1.How did the writer start the passage? A. By asking questions. B. By using a saying. C. By using numbers. D. By making a survey. 2.We know from the passage that if a friend helps us, it’s a good idea to ________. A. just say thank you B. write a thank-you note to him or her C. sit down with him or her D. get a thank-you note from him or her 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. Writing a thank-you note isn’t important to others at all. B. People like to write thank-you notes when someone helps them. C. People don’t feel awkward after getting thank-you notes. D. When getting thank-you notes, people don’t care about the warmth. 4.Which of the following is the best structure of the passage? A. ①/②/③④/⑤ B. ①②/③/④⑤ C. ①②③/④/⑤ D. ①/②/③④⑤ 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To teach people how to write thank-you notes. B. To show that people like receiving thank-you notes. C. To encourage people to write thank-you notes more often. D. To explain why people feel awkward getting thank-you notes. 主题语境05 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南许昌第一中学·期中）Everyone wants to have good friends and keep the friendship for a long time. So, how can we do that? Friendship is like a young tree. If you take good care of it, you’ll have a strong plant and it will grow bigger and better over time. If you want to keep the friendship long, please remember the following tips. First, spend time with the people you’d like to be friends with. And join in their plans. If you don’t agree with their plans, say it in a friendly way like “I like that idea, but maybe we could…” Second, be a good listener. When others are talking, show them that you’re really interested in what they are saying. Third, get to know people well by sharing “safe” ideas with them. It’s not always safe to tell others what you worry about. But you can talk about TV shows or your favourite football team. Lastly, stay positive. Don’t spend too much time on unhappy things. Talk about the good things in your life because no one wants to have problems all the time. Be a good friend if you want to have a good friend. 1.How many ways of keeping the friendship long are mentioned? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2.What should you do when you listen to your friends talking? A. Show you are unhappy to talk with them. B. Show you don’t have time to talk with them. C. Show you don’t care about what they are saying. D. Show you’re really interested in what they’re saying. 3.What would be safe when sharing your ideas with your friends? A. Talking about TV shows. B. Talking about the bad things. C. Talking about your problems. D. Talking about your worries. 4.What does the underlined word “positive” mean in Paragraph 6? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Busy. D. Worried. 5.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of making friends. B. Advice on being a good listener. C. Tips on how to keep the friendship long. D. Ways to stay positive. Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南濮阳-11月·期中）Life can be full of problems sometimes. Staying positive is an excellent way to improve your life. No matter how difficult things seem, positive thinking can help you feel more confident and full of energy. Here are the tips to do that. One way to stay positive is to focus on the good things in your life. For example, if you have a hobby you enjoy, like painting or playing the guitar, make some time for it every day. This can make you feel that life is full and happy. Another way of staying positive is to exercise regularly. Exercise not only keeps you fit but also (而且) helps you keep away from negative (消极的) thoughts. Next, keep a smile and be an active person. Though life can be hard, choosing to smile at others and doing a great job in your tasks can help you get into a good mood. A positive lifestyle is important because it helps you solve problems better. Remember, staying positive doesn’t mean ignoring (忽视) problems. It means facing them in a positive way. So, look at the bright side of life, and you’ll find that even difficult situations become easy to manage. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.According to the text, what can positive thinking do? A. It can help us make more money. B. It can give us a strong body. C. It can help us to be more confident and energetic. D. It can give us an easy life. 2.Why is exercise helpful in staying positive? A. It makes you feel young and keeps you fit. B. It helps you solve all the problems. C. It makes you forget about your hobbies. D. It keeps you away from negative thoughts. 3.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Staying positive means ignoring the problems. B. Life can be difficult sometimes. C. Exercise is good for both our mind and body. D. Thinking positively is to look at the bright side of life. 4.How many ways of staying positive does the text tell us? A. Five. B. Three. C. Two. D. One. 5.What is the writer’s purpose (意图) in writing the text? A. To explain why hobbies are important. B. To encourage people to stay positive. C. To tell that exercise is the key to happiness. D. To show how to solve all the problems in life. 主题语境06 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·河南鹤壁·期中）Many animals blend in (使……融入) with their surroundings (周围的事物). Animals use colours, body shapes or both to blend in. This is called camouflage (伪装). Camouflage helps animals hide (隐藏) and find food. Stonefish (石头鱼) The stonefish uses camouflage to get food. It looks like the stone on the sea floor. It can’t be recognized (认出) from the surroundings. If one fish touches it by mistake, the stonefish will eat it. Grey Tree Frog The grey tree frog uses camouflage to protect itself. It looks like a tree branch. When the frogs climb up trees, they are safe enough because they can’t be seen easily. Polar Bear (北极熊) Polar bears live in the ice and snow. Everything around them is white. They are covered in white fur, except for their eyes, noses and the bottom (底部) of their feet. It’s not easy to see a polar bear in the snow. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.Why does the stonefish blend in with the surroundings? A. To go for a holiday. B. To change its colour. C. To get some food. D. To swim with other fish. 2.How do the grey tree frogs keep safe? A. By climbing up trees. B. By hiding behind stones. C. By staying under the trees. D. By swimming under the water. 3.How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the text? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Camouflage helps animals hide and find food. B. The stonefish looks like the stone on the sea floor. C. Grey tree frogs use camouflage to protect themselves. D. It’s not difficult to see a polar bear in the snow. 5.Where can we probably read this text? A. In a biology book. B. In a history book. C. In a storybook. D. In a novel. Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南许昌第一中学·期中）Long ago, when the god first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. Then the god pulled (拔) the tree out and planted it upside down (颠倒) to make sure it stayed in one place. What’s the tree? It’s the baobab tree, also called the monkey bread tree, the bottle tree or others. The baobab tree is a strange-looking tree that grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its name “the bottle tree”, it looks like a large bottle. Some grow as tall as a 16-floor building. During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves, and look like trunks (树干) sticking up in the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then flowers come out. Later, the flowers can turn into fruit. The baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live for more than 1,000 years. In the dry land, the baobab can pull in and hold 1,000 gallons of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, monkey bread, is good to eat. Baobab leaves are a kind of medicine (药). People can use the bark (树皮) to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes hollow. An old tree can hold many people. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a useful tree that some people can hardly live without it. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 1.How does the writer begin the text? A. By singing a song. B. By showing a story. C. By asking a question. D. By giving an example. 2.Which of the following pictures is the baobab? A. A B. B C. C D. D 3.When a baobab gets old, its trunk __________. A. becomes strong B. gets dry C. gets hollow D. becomes useful 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. The baobab has many names. B. Flowers come out in rainy seasons. C. The leaves of the baobab are good medicine. D. The oldest baobab is less than 1,000 years old. 5.What’s the best title of the passage? A. The god and the baobab B. What does the baobab like in a year? C. A special tree— the baobab D. The baobab’s trunk, leaves and fruit Passage 3 （25-26八上·河南焦作·期中）Sunflowers are very happy-looking plants. They get their name because young sunflower heads follow the sun. Every morning, they face east to see the sun rise. Every evening, they turn west to watch the sun set. When they grow up, they stop moving and always face east. Sunflowers are easy to grow. They like warm days and lots of sunlight. They don’t need too much water. A small sunflower seed (种子) can become a tall plant in just a few months. In summer, their big yellow petals (花瓣) make gardens and fields look beautiful. These plants are not just beautiful—they are useful too. The middle of a sunflower head has hundreds of small seeds. People eat these seeds as a snack. They also use the seeds to make sunflower oil for cooking. Birds and small animals love sunflower seeds too. Planting sunflowers helps feed them. Sunflowers make people smile. In many places, they mean happiness and hope. Next time you see a sunflower, stop and look—it may make you feel happy too! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.Why do sunflowers have their name? A. Because they grow only in summer. B. Because they need lots of water. C. Because their petals are as big as the sun. D. Because young sunflower heads follow the sun. 2.When do sunflowers stop moving and always face east? A. When they are just small seeds. B. When they are young and new. C. When they grow up. D. When the sun sets in the evening. 3.Which of the following is NOT true about growing sunflowers? A. They like warm days. B. They need a lot of sunlight. C. They need too much water every day. D. A small seed can grow into a tall plant quickly. 4.What do people use sunflower seeds for? A. To eat as a snack and make cooking oil. B. To make flowers more beautiful. C. Only to feed birds and small animals. D. To help other plants grow. 5.How may people feel when they see a sunflower according to the text? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Angry. D. Bored. Passage 4 （25-26八上·河南实验中学-11月·期中）Shirley, an elephant, has something to say. She opens her mouth and speaks. The nearby elephants understand the sound, but it is just noise to me. What is Shirley exactly saying? Scientists are not sure, but they are trying to find out how elephants communicate. I visited Shirley at the Elephant Sanctuary (避难所) in Hohenwald, Tennessee. The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团). Now they walk freely in the forests. A noisy group Not all the elephants speak like Shirley. Tarra speaks like a sea lion when she is happy. Bunny squeaks (吱吱叫) often. I soon get used to hearing the different voices of the elephants. When one gray giant comes close to me, I know which elephant it is. Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone. Old friends The elephants speak to one another for the same reasons people talk. Sometimes they even shout with excitement. When Shirley first came to the sanctuary, Jenny looked at her and began to shout. Shirley shouted back. At first, the animal keepers had no idea what it was about. Later, they discovered (发现) that Shirley and Jenny had stayed together for 20 years earlier in a circus. They still knew each other. ▲ There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的). In 1970, about 100,000 Asian elephants lived in the wild in Southeast Asia. Now there are only 25,600 to 32,750 elephants living there. Their home is being gradually destroyed (被毁坏). As the population grows, humans are building on more of the land. In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there. 1.What can we know about the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald? A. It is home to only one elephant named Shirley. B. All elephants there used to live in zoos or circuses. C. Elephants there can’t walk freely in the forests. D. It is located in Southeast Asia. 2.Why do elephants use the sound people can’t hear? A. To show excitement to other elephants. B. To keep in touch with their group members. C. To let animal keepers know their needs. D. To scare away humans near them. 3.Which of the following can be put back into ______? A. The wild elephants. B. African elephants. C. Asian elephants. D. Elephants in danger. 4.If there were 2 thousand wild elephants living in Africa 20 years ago, how many of them are still there now? A. 25,600. B. 32,750 C. 1,000. D. 10,000. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of elephants in circuses and zoos. B. How Shirley makes friends with other elephants. C. Different ways elephants communicate and their living situation. D. Why Asian elephants are more endangered than African elephants. 主题语境01 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·河南许昌·期中）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? Clean up the room. My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try, too. 1.Who is the passage for? A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Students. D. Friends. 2.What housework can we do to show our love for our parents? A. Make a card for teachers. B. Do our homework carefully. C. Say sorry and thanks to parents. D. Clean our rooms and cook. 3.What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5? A. Doing something wrong. B. Saying sorry to parents. C. Saying thanks to parents. D. Writing a letter and drawing pictures. 4.Which is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 5.What’s the best title for the passage? A. Best gifts for parents B. Interesting things to do with children C. Ways to show our love D. Places to have fun with family members 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·河南郑州中学初中部·期中） Do you like doing homework while listening to music? Or will you fold clothes when watching a show? Everyone may experience these situations in daily life and this doing-it-all-at-once thing is known as multitasking. Multitasking means doing more than one activity at a time. In daily life, many of us multitask without even realizing it. But does multitasking really do good to our lives? You may think multitasking saves your time, but the truth is that only 2.5% of people can multitask well. Studies have found that most people who multitask will spend more time and make more mistakes. That’s because when we multitask, we are overusing (过度使用) the part of our brain that controls thinking and planning. It is hard on our brains. Our brains will get tired, and since we’re not successfully finishing any one task, we can feel upset and stressed. Instead, if we only deal with one task at a time, we will do a better and more correct job. However, others may disagree. They think people multitask not only because they want to save time but also because they enjoy it. Some scientists find that multitasking makes people feel more active and have a better sense of participation (参与感). These good feelings will improve their performance and offer a feeling of satisfaction. Also, multitasking is a modern way of life and an important skill you should learn as you grow up. After all, who doesn’t want to complete more in less time? Instead of stopping multitasking, it’s better to learn how to deal with so many tasks well. It seems that multitasking is playing an important role in our lives. But it may not be as useful as you expect. What do you think? Should we keep it or drop it? 1.Which of the following is multitasking? A. Lily focuses on her homework. B. Tom eats lunch while checking emails. C. Emma is lost in reading books. D. Peter does nothing but sleep the whole day. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Overusing our brains. B. Thinking and planning. C. Finishing a task successfully. D. Feeling upset and stressed. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The people who prefer multitasking. B. The time when people multitask. C. The reasons why people multitask D. The results that multitasking brings. 4.What does the writer think of multitasking? A. He thinks it’s useful. B. He’s unsure about it. C. He thinks it’s unimportant. D. He’s hopeful about it. 5.What is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 People use languages to communicate. Animals communicate, too. Then how? Some animals use sounds. Each penguin has a special call. Other penguins hear the sound and know who is calling. Some animals light up (照亮). Jellyfish can make their bodies bright. They light up when a predator (捕食者) comes later. Some animals use colour. An octopus changes its colour. A light colour means the octopus is friendly. A dark colour means it is angry. Dolphins’ ears are very small. But they know what the sounds from other dolphins mean. How? Sounds make vibrations (振动) in water. And dolphins can feel the vibrations. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.How does this passage start the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By listing numbers. C. By asking a question. D. By giving an example. 2.In what way are penguins different from each other? A. In the shape. B. In the calling. C. In the color. D. In the moving. 3.What will happen when a jellyfish faces danger? A. It will become bright. B. It will become dark. C. It will make a special call. D. It will go back home. 4.How do dolphins communicate with each other? A. By singing in water. B. By making different calls. C. By feeling the vibrations in water. D. By hearing the sounds under water. 5.What’s the passage about? A. Animals and owners. B. How animals live. C. How animals move. D. How animals communicate. Passage 2 （25-26八上·河南开封开封市第二十七中教育集团·期中）Trees are one of the oldest plants of our Earth. They keep our air clean, make less pollution, make water cleaner and provide food and building materials. Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At one to three years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to stop animals from going near. At the age of four, trees begin to grow very quickly and become strong enough to face many difficulties (困难) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults (成年人). They grow more slowly and begin to produce (生长) flowers and fruit. When the tree is 20 to 25 years old, it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. It gives us shade and provides a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to read a book, listen to music and so on. If we all learn how to protect the adult tree, it will live healthily for many years. Little by little, trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, older trees are still very important in nature. When a tree becomes hollow or part of it dies, it can be a home to small animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar (相似的) to our own life. When looking at the life of a tree, we should enjoy every minute of its life and take care of the tree! 1.From the article, we know trees learn to protect themselves at ________. A. 1-3 years old B. 4 years old C. 15 years old D. 20-25 years old 2.What does the underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. 实心的 B. 空心的 C. 茁壮的 D. 健康的 3.About the growth of the tree, which of the following is the right order (顺序)? a. Grow very quickly. b. Become a real adult. c. Learn how to protect itself. d. Grow older and die. e. Produce flowers and fruit. A. b-a-c-d-e B. c-e-a-b-d C. c-a-e-b-d D. a-c-e-b-d 4.What can we infer (推测) from this article? A. We can find flowers and fruit on 4-year-old trees. B. Older trees can be great places for people to live. C. An adult tree can live long and well if we all learn how to protect them. D. The life of the tree is the same as the life of people. 5.What’s the structure (结构) of the article? (P: Paragraph 段落) A. [P1; P2-P3; P4; P5; P6] B. [P1; P2; P3-P4; P5; P6] C. [P1; P2; P3; P5-P6] D. [P1; P2-P5; P6] / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $