Unit 4 Information Technology 语法（过去将来时）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案以“过去将来时”为核心语法点，围绕Unit 4 Information Technology主题，设定掌握四种结构、三大规则及时态对比的学习目标，通过“语法讲解-分层训练-语篇运用”的递进式设计，构建从基础概念到综合应用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于“分层训练+语篇融合”的设计，如微写作任务“A prediction I made about technology”要求使用5处过去将来时，培养语言能力和思维品质，完形填空通过故事语境深化时态理解，提升学习能力。参考答案解析详尽，分层任务适配不同水平学生，为教师实施单元复习提供清晰指导，有效支持学生深度学习和能力发展。

过去将来时（Past Future） Unit 4 Information Technology 一、核心语法：过去将来时 过去将来时表示站在过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态。 （一）四种结构速查表 结构 含义 Unit 4 语境例句 would + 动词原形 最常见的过去将来；表预测、承诺、意愿 In 2023, few people believed AI companions would become part of teenagers' daily lives. was / were going to + 动词原形 过去的计划、打算；根据迹象做出的预测 The EU announced last week that it was going to restrict children under 15 from using social media and AI Chatbots. was / were to + 动词原形 过去安排好的事；注定发生的事 The AI course was to become a must for every NUS freshman. was / were about to + 动词原形 正要做某事（突然发生另一件事） He was about to post his digital profile when the app warned him to check his privacy settings. （二）三大核心规则 1. 时态呼应：主句是过去时（said / predicted / announced / hoped），宾语从句要"后退一步"——will → would，is going to → was going to，can → could，may → might。 Experts said AI Chatbots would change the way teenagers make friends. 2. 时间参照点必须在"过去"：句中常有 in 2023, last year, at that time, before the ban 等过去背景；句中没有过去参照点，就不能用过去将来时。 3. 状语从句仍用一般过去时：before / when / until 引导的从句表将来含义时，用一般过去时，不用 would。The developers promised they would improve the app before it was released.（不说 before it would be released） （三）三种时态对比 时态 参照点 例句 一般过去时 did 动作在过去真的发生了 The app came out in 2025. 一般将来时 will / be going to 站在现在看将来 Experts say the new rules will take effect in 2027. 过去将来时 would / was going to 站在过去看将来 （预测、计划） In 2024, experts said the rules would take effect in 2027. 二、课堂分层训练 A. 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. In 2023, developers predicted that AI Chatbots ______ (become) common in education within three years. 2. On September 14, 2026, the EU announced that it ______ (introduce) stricter age checks for social media. 3. NUS said every freshman ______ (take) an AI course from the new school year. 4. We ______ (have) a test on avatars last Friday, but the teacher changed it to this week. 5. The boy ______ (log) out of the game when his mother came into the room. 6. The report said the number of AI companion apps would ______ (rise) sharply by 2026. 7. —Did you post your digital profile yesterday? —No. I was ______ (go) to post it, but my computer crashed. 8. The press conference was ______ begin at 3 p.m., but the minister was delayed. 9. Experts predicted that more schools ______ use AI tools in class. 10. He was about ______ quit the game when the screen suddenly went black. B. 改错：每句只有一处错误，请改正并说明理由。 1. He said he will help me design my avatar. 2. I was going to downloading the app when the Wi-Fi stopped. 3. They announced the new rule is going to take effect in 2027. 4. She was about to telling him the password. 5. At that time we thought everything will be free online. C. 综合运用·微写作 写一段 80--100 词短文，话题：A prediction I made about technology。至少使用 5 处过去将来时，其中必须包含 2 处 would + 动词原形、1 处 was/were going to、1 处 was/were about to。参考开头：In 2024, I predicted that... 三、语篇运用 A. 阅读理解 A New Plan to Protect Children Online On September 14, 2026, Reuters reported that the European Union was preparing a new plan to protect children on the Internet. Under the proposal（提案）, children under 15 would be restricted（被限制） from using social media, AI Chatbots, video platforms and online games. The plan would also require age verification（身份核验）, give parents more control, and limit the design features that make apps addictive（使人上瘾的）. Supporters say the plan is necessary. In recent years, AI companion apps（陪伴型应用） have become popular among teenagers. Some students chat with AI "friends" late at night, and their sleep and homework suffer. "A 14-year-old's brain is still growing," one child doctor said. "Apps are designed by adults to be hard to put down." Parents' groups welcome the idea of age checks and parental controls. However, the proposal（提案） has also raised worries. Critics（批评者） say age verification（身份核验） tools will collect more personal data, including children's. "We want to protect children's privacy, not build a bigger database（数据库） of their faces," one digital-rights（数字权利） group said. Some teenagers argue that the rule may push young users to unregulated（不受监管的） corners of the Internet. The debate continues as the plan moves toward formal legislation（立法）. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. How the EU bans all teenagers from the Internet. B. A new EU plan to protect children online. C. Why AI Chatbots are popular with students. D. How to design apps that teenagers love. 2. According to the proposal, children under 15 would be restricted from ______. A. doing homework online B. social media, AI Chatbots, video platforms and online games C. using age-check tools D. talking with their parents 3. The underlined word "addictive" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. educational B. expensive C. hard to stop using D. safe 4. Critics of the plan worry that age verification ______. A. is too cheap to work B. may create new privacy problems C. helps teenagers sleep better D. was first reported by Reuters 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The plan has already become law across the EU. B. The proposal tries to balance child protection with privacy concerns. C. All parents are strongly against the plan. D. AI Chatbots will soon disappear from the Internet. B. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year, a 17yearold student carried out a survey about teenagers’ use of chatbots. He found many teens hoped (1) ______ (get) quick answers from AI tools for schoolwork. Some parents worried that AI chatbots (2) ______ (influence) teenagers’ independent thinking. One interviewee said he once met a (3) ______ (high) recommended AI app. The userfriendly app attracted hundreds of (4) ______ (teenager). He added that he (5) ______ (join) a robot club and learned lots of practical skills. When he was about (6) ______ (fill) in his digital profile the other day, a popup reminded him to pay attention to privacy settings. Experts hold the view (7) ______ students should treat AI as a helpful tool instead of a replacement for realworld learning. Schools encourage students to take a (8) ______ (fiveminute) break from screens every day. Schools and parents together told students to make good use (9) ______ AI and avoid copying answers (10) ______ (direct) from chatbots. C. 完形填空：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳选项。 My Prediction Came True—Almost In 2024, I made a bold (1) ______: by 2026, every student in our school would have an AI study partner. I was so sure of it that I (2) ______ to give a talk to my class about the future of learning. To my (3) ______, many classmates shook their heads. My best friend Chen listened quietly and then asked, "What if we depend on it too much?" I just laughed. Surely machines would never let us (4) ______ . When our school (5) ______ an AI helper in the spring of 2026, everyone was excited. Unlike what I had imagined, the helper did not give direct (6) ______. Instead, it offered hints, pointed out mistakes and asked questions back. "We will not let AI do the thinking for you," our teacher said. "You may (7) ______ it, but you must not follow it blindly." I must admit the helper seemed (8) ______ at first—I just wanted quick answers. During the first month, I used the helper before every test. I even (9) ______ taking notes in class. I felt I understood everything—until the mid-term exam, where no AI was (10) ______. I stared at the first question and my mind went blank. I (11) ______ the exam, of course. That evening, Chen did not say "I told you so." He simply sat with me and went over every wrong question, face to face. I felt (12) ______ and thanked him from my heart. Slowly I changed the way I studied. The AI was a useful (13) ______, but real understanding came from my own effort and real discussion with friends. Now before I use the helper, I always ask myself one (14) ______: "Do I really understand it?" Yesterday, Chen smiled and said, "So your prediction came true?" I thought for a moment. "Almost," I said. "We do have an AI partner in every classroom (15) ______ it does not sit in anyone's seat." 1. A.prediction B.decision C.invention D.promise 2. A.refused B.agreed C.volunteered D.happened 3. A.joy B.surprise C.anger D.fear 4. A.down B.off C.up D.out 5. A.introduced B.refused C.avoided D.repaired 6. A.answers B.hints C.scores D.speeches 7. A.give up B.depend on C.look after D.put off 8. A.amazing B.annoying C.useless D.perfect 9. A.stopped B.enjoyed C.kept D.minded 10. A.allowed B.invited C.recorded D.promised 11. A.passed B.failed C.missed D.forgot 12. A.regretful B.proud C.angry D.nervous 13. A.master B.enemy C.tool D.stranger 14. A.favour B.question C.excuse D.trick 15. A.and B.so C.or D.but 参考答案与解析 二、课堂分层训练 A. 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. would become 解析：主句predicted为一般过去时，站在过去时间预测将来，用过去将来时would+动词原形。 2. was going to introduce 解析：主句announced为过去时；was going to do表过去计划、打算做某事，主语it为单数。 3. would take / was to take 解析：主句said为过去时；would take表过去预测；was to take表过去已安排好的事。 4. were going to have 解析：were going to do表示过去本计划做，但实际并未实现；主语we，be动词用were。 5. was about to log 解析：固定句型be about to do…when…正要做……这时突然……；主语the boy为单数。 6. rise 解析：助动词would后接动词原形。 7. going 解析：was going to do表过去本打算做却未做成。 8. to 解析：was to do表示过去预先安排的计划，to为不定式符号。 9. would 解析：主句predicted为过去时，从句表过去的预测，would+实义动词构成过去将来时。 10. to 解析：固定搭配be about to do sth.正要做某事，to是不定式符号。 B. 改错 1. 原句：He said he will help me design my avatar. 改正：will → would理由：主句谓语said是一般过去时，宾语从句要时态向后倒退（时态呼应/主过从过），一般将来时will变为过去将来时would。 2. 原句：I was going to downloading the app when the WiFi stopped. 改正：downloading → download理由：固定结构be going to + 动词原形，to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形，不接ing形式。 3. 原句：They announced the new rule is going to take effect in 2027. 改正：is going to → was going to理由：主句动词announced为一般过去时，宾语从句需时态倒退，一般将来is going to改为过去将来was going to。（本单元训练过去将来时考点，不考虑客观真理例外） 4. 原句：She was about to telling him the password. 改正：telling → tell理由：固定句型be about to + 动词原形，表示“正要做某事”，to为不定式符号，后用动词原形。 5. 原句：At that time we thought everything will be free online. 改正：will → would理由：主句thought是一般过去时，at that time给出过去时间参照，宾语从句要用过去将来时，will改为would。 总结 ① 主句为过去时（said / thought / announced），宾语从句将来含义要用过去将来时 would / was(were) going to； ② be going to、be about to后面都必须接动词原形。 C. 综合运用·微写作 In 2024, I predicted that AI Chatbots would become our best study partners. I believed every student was going to have a personal AI assistant, and I was about to rely on one for all my English writing. Two years later, things turned out differently. Chatbots did enter our classrooms, but teachers reminded us that they would never replace our own thinking. I was going to download one for my homework, yet my school introduced an AI course first and taught us how to use it wisely. Now I know: technology will not do the work for us, but it will work for us—if we stay in control. 三、语篇运用 A. 阅读理解 1. B 【主旨大意题】全文围绕"欧盟拟出台的儿童网络保护方案"展开：第一段报道方案内容，第二段写支持者理由，第三段写批评者担忧。A 项"禁止所有青少年上网"与原文 under 15、restricted 不符，且过于绝对；C、D 项仅为局部细节。 2. B 【细节理解题】定位第一段第二句：children under 15 would be restricted from using social media, AI Chatbots, video platforms and online games，几乎原句复现。 3. C 【词义猜测题】由第二段 Some students chat with AI "friends" late at night 及 Apps are designed by adults to be hard to put down 可推知，addictive 意为"使人上瘾的、难以停下的"。 4. B 【细节理解题】定位第三段 Critics say age verification tools will collect more personal data 及 protect children's privacy, not build a bigger database of their faces，可知批评者担心年龄验证带来新的隐私问题。 5. B 【推理判断题】文章既呈现支持者"保护儿童和睡眠"的理由，也呈现批评者"隐私"的担忧，且末句 The debate continues 表明方案试图在保护与隐私之间取得平衡。A 项"已成为法律"与 was preparing / moves toward legislation 矛盾；C 项"所有家长反对"与 Parents' groups welcome 矛盾；D 项"AI Chatbots 将消失"无中生有。 B. 语法填空 1. to get：hope 后接不定式作宾语 2. would influence：主句谓语 worried 是一般过去时，强调父母在当时担心聊天机器人将会影响孩子独立思考（事情尚未发生），使用过去将来时；本篇仅设置这一处 would do，符合高考低频的命题特点。 3. highly：副词 highly 表抽象含义 “高度地”，修饰 recommended。注意 high 多用来表达具体空间高度。 4. teenagers：hundreds of 表示 “数百”，后接可数名词复数。 5. joined：and 连接并列谓语，和 learned 时态保持一致，用一般过去时，陈述过去真实经历。 6. to fill：be about to do … when …为高频固定句型，意为 “正要做某事，就在这时……”。 7. that：同位语从句引导词，从句语义完整，that 不充当成分，不可省略。 8. fiveminute：合成形容词作定语修饰 break；合成形容词中名词必须用单数。 9. of：固定短语make good use of“充分利用”。 10. directly：副词作状语，修饰动词 copy。 C. 完形填空 1--5 A C B D A 6--10 A B B A A 11--15 B A C B D 1. A prediction 【解析】呼应本单元读写任务“过去的预测+后来的验证”，且尾段 your prediction came true 原词复现。 2. C volunteered 【解析】volunteer to do“自愿做某事”，符合“我确信自己预测”的自信语气；refuse 与语境矛盾。 3. B surprise 【解析】to my surprise“令我惊讶的是”，呼应下文同学摇头、好友质疑。 4. A down 【解析】let down 短语意思“使失望，辜负”。 5. A introduced 【解析】introduce“引进、推行（新事物）”，与 everyone was excited 情感线索一致。 6. A answers 【解析】由 Unlike 和 Instead 的反向对比可知：助手不直接给“答案”，只给提示（hints）。 7. B depend on 【解析】老师的话“可以用它，但不能盲从”，与第4空形成呼应。 8. B annoying 【解析】由“我只想要现成答案”可推知，起初觉得助手“烦人”，与后文转变形成对比。 9. A stopped 【解析】stop doing sth.；考前只问 AI、甚至不做笔记，为考试失利埋下伏笔。 10. A allowed 【解析】期中考试“不允许”使用 AI，与下文盯着第一题发呆的窘境构成因果。 11. B failed 【解析】mind went blank 的必然结果是“考试失利”；pass 与 of course 矛盾。 12. A regretful 【解析】考砸后朋友没说“我早就说过”，“我”感到后悔又感激。 13. C tool 【解析】全文主旨：AI 是“工具”而非主人，真正的理解来自自己的努力和真实的讨论。 14. B question 【解析】ask oneself one question“自问一个问题”，自然引出直接引语。 15. D but 【解析】前后为转折：AI 伙伴在每个教室，但它不坐在任何人的座位上，点明主旨。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $