Unit 4 Information Technology 语法（合成词与复合词）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦Unit 4信息技术话题中的合成词，引导学生掌握合成名词、形容词、动词的构成方式及三大核心规则，通过速查表分类高频例词，结合语境例句搭建从已知词汇到合成词用法的学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层练习设计，从基础拆分、填空到综合写作，融入信息技术话题语境，读写结合强化合成词应用，提升学生语言能力（合成词理解与表达）、思维品质（构词规则分析与辨析）和学习能力（自主分层学习），助力高效掌握语法知识。

合成词 / 复合词（Compound Words） Unit 4 Information Technology 一、核心语法：合成词 合成词由两个或两个以上的单词合成，产生新词和新义，但词义常可从各部分推知。Unit 4 的信息技术话题中，合成词极其密集：Chatbot, smartphone, website, AI-powered, user-friendly, screen-free 等。 （一）三大类合成词速查表 类别 构成方式 Unit 4 高频例词 合成名词 名+名 / 形+名 / 动+名 / 动+副 chatbot(chat+bot), smartphone, website, keyboard, database, hardware, download(n.) 合成形容词 名+形 / 副+分词 / 数+名+形（带连字符） user-friendly, high-tech, AI-powered, well-known, 15-year-old, face-to-face, screen-free, part-time, five-minute 合成动词 副+动 / 名+动（多写作一个词或短语） download(v.), upload, bookmark, email, text; log in, sign up（短语动词，注意区分） （二）三大核心规则 1. 合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数：a 15-year-old student, a five-minute break, a three-day trip。无论前面的数字是几，名词永远不加 -s。 🔔对比提醒：合成形容词作定语要连字符、名词单数（a 15yearold boy）；若在 be 动词后作表语，不加连字符，名词用复数：The boy is 15 years old. 2. 主体词决定复数：passers-by, editors-in-chief, mothers-in-law（主体词变复数）；而 chatbot → chatbots, smartphone → smartphones 属于整体名词，直接加 -s。 3. 一词多性要分清：well-known 只作形容词；download 既可作名词也可作动词；online 既可作形容词也可作副词。判断词性，再看它在句中作什么成分。 【辨析】合成词 vs 短语动词：download 是合成动词（一个单词）；log in / sign up 是短语动词（两个词），名词形式为 login / sign-up。 （三）Unit 4 语境例句 NUS made ChatGPT Edu available to every first-year student.（合成形容词 first-year 作定语） The EU's age-check tools target under-15 users.（under-15 合成形容词） User-friendly apps usually win the market, but they can also keep teenagers hooked.（呼应 addictive design） A screen-free hour before bed helps teenagers sleep better.（screen-free 合成形容词） My 16-year-old cousin is tech-savvy and wants to build his own chatbot.（16-year-old 作定语，名词用单数） Face-to-face talks cannot be replaced by AI companions.（face-to-face 合成形容词） 分层练习 Level 1 基础巩固 ------ 拆分、填空、选择、改错 A. 把下列合成词拆成两部分，并写出词性和中文意思。 1. chatbot 2. smartphone 3. website 4. user-friendly 5. high-tech 6. AI-powered 7. 15-year-old 8. screen-free 9. download 10. well-known B. 用括号内词的适当形式填空。 1. A ______ (15-year-old / 15-years-old) boy in our school designed an app for classmates. 2. Several ______ (passer-by) stopped to watch the AI massage robot. 3. After the AI course, we had a ______ (five-minute / five-minutes) break. 4. His ______ (nine-year-old / nine years old) sister is not allowed to use the chatbot. 5. My cousin is a ______ (first-year / first-years) student at NUS now. C. 构词填空：用括号内所给的单词合成一个词，每空一词。 1. Under the EU proposal, social media companies would face stricter rules for ______ (15 year old). 2. ChatGPT Edu gives every ______ (first year) student free access to AI tools. 3. The app is designed to be ______ (user friend) so that even beginners can use it easily. 4. Doctors suggest a ______ (screen free) hour before bedtime to protect teenagers' sleep. 5. Two ______ (passer by) walked past the university AI lab this morning. 6. The ______ (AI power) massage robots in London gyms offer 15-minute sessions for tired athletes. 7. Our school offers ______ (part time) courses on data safety and healthy Internet use. D. 改错：每句只有一处错误。 1. My 15-years-old cousin can write simple code. 2. I saw two passer-bys taking photos of the robot. 3. This is an user-friendly website for beginners. 4. It takes me five minutes walk to the library. 5. The rule mainly affects under 15-year-old users. Level 2 综合写作 写一段 80--100 词短文，话题：A tech rule I would make for my school。至少使用 6 个合成词，其中必须包含 2 个"数词+单数名词+形容词"结构的合成形容词，1 个主体词变复数的合成名词复数形式（如 passers-by）。参考开头：If I could make one tech rule for my school, I would... Part A 阅读理解 AI Class, Please: NUS Makes AI a Must for Freshmen In 2026, the National University of Singapore (NUS) announced that all its students, teachers and staff would be able to use ChatGPT Edu, a university version of the AI chatbot. More strikingly（引人注目的是）, every freshman would be required to complete a course on artificial intelligence（人工智能）. The university said that in an AI-powered world, using AI wisely should be as basic a skill as reading and writing. The course does not simply teach students how to write prompts（提示词）. It also covers how AI works, where it makes mistakes, and how to check its answers. "A chatbot can give you a perfect-looking essay in ten seconds," one professor said. "But our job is to make sure you can tell whether it is right." Some assignments（作业任务） are now done in class, so teachers can see how students think, not just what they produce. Reactions on campus are mixed（褒贬不一的）. Many first-year students welcome the change. "AI will be part of any job I do," said a 19-year-old engineering（工程学） student. "Learning to use it properly gives me a head start（领先优势）." Others are more careful. A second-year student worried that easy AI answers might stop people from thinking deeply. The university replies that the course itself teaches students to ask better questions—and to doubt easy answers. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. How ChatGPT writes essays for NUS students. B. NUS's plan to make AI skill a basic requirement. C. Why AI courses are difficult for freshmen. D. The history of chatbots in Singapore. 2. According to the passage, the NUS AI course requires freshmen to learn ______. A. how to build a chatbot from zero B. how AI works and how to judge its answers C. how to avoid using AI in homework D. how to become a university professor 3. The underlined word "prompts" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. instructions given to an AI B. homework scores C. robot parts D. library books 4. Why do some professors move assignments into the classroom? A. To save students' Internet data. B. To watch whether students copy from AI. C. To see how students think, not just what they hand in. D. To make freshmen feel nervous. 5. What is the second-year student's worry? A. AI answers may weaken deep thinking. B. The course costs too much money. C. Freshmen know too little about robots. D. Teachers cannot use ChatGPT. Part B 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳选项。 A Friend Online, A Friend at School When my sister Lucy turned 14, she created an (1) ______ online: a cartoon（卡通）girl with her smile and her (2) ______ blue hair. "She is the online me," Lucy said, "only (3) ______." At first I (4) ______. Then I noticed she was spending more and more time with AI "friends". One evening, I sat beside her. "Real friends can be (5) ______," I said. "A chatbot always (6) ______ you." Lucy was (7) ______ for a moment. "Maybe," she said. "But when I moved to this city, nobody would talk to me. The chatbot did." I suddenly (8) ______ what the apps really do: they sell company（陪伴）to lonely people. That is not always a bad thing—but it is not the (9) ______ thing either. Last week, Lucy's school started a robot club. She was (10) ______ to join, but afraid of meeting new classmates. "What (11) ______ they laugh at me?" she asked. "Then I will be (12) ______," I said. She went. It was hard for the first twenty minutes. Then a boy showed her how to (13) ______ a simple robot arm, and she smiled—the real smile I had not seen (14) ______ weeks. That night she did not open the chatbot. She was drawing her avatar again, but this time the cartoon girl was holding a robot arm, standing with a group of (15) ______ friends. Technology had not disappeared（消失）from her life. It had simply returned to its proper（恰当的）place: a tool, not a home. 1. A.avatar B.address C.album D.award 2. A.favourite B.boring C.strange D.modern 3. A.braver B.weaker C.quieter D.lazier 4. A.cried B.laughed C.shouted D.agreed 5. A.disappointing B.perfect C.easy D.safe 6. A.agrees with B.laughs at C.waits for D.looks after 7. A.silent B.excited C.angry D.proud 8. A.forgot B.understood C.refused D.promised 9. A.whole B.first C.last D.same 10. A.ready B.afraid C.sorry D.late 11. A.should B.must C.if D.unless 12. A.here B.there C.out D.back 13. A.buy B.paint C.build D.clean 14. A.in B.on C.for D.at 15. A.screen B.robot C.cartoon D.real 参考答案 Level 1 A. 1. chat + bot；名词；聊天机器人 2. smart + phone；名词；智能手机 3. web + site；名词；网站 4. user + friendly；形容词；对用户友好的、易用的 5. high + tech；形容词；高科技的 6. AI + powered；形容词；由AI驱动的 7. 15 + year + old；形容词；15岁的 8. screen + free；形容词；无屏幕的 9. down + load；动词/名词；下载 10. well + known；形容词；众所周知的 B. 1. 15-year-old 2. passers-by 3. five-minute 4. nine-year-old 5. first-year【解析】第1、3、4题考查规则一：合成形容词作定语，名词用单数，15-year-old, five-minute, nine-year-old。第2题考查规则二：passer-by 的主体词是 passer，复数为 passers-by。第5题：first-year 作定语修饰 student，用单数。 C. 1 15-year-olds 2 first-year 3 user-friendly 4 screen-free 5 passers-by 6 AI-powered 7 part-time 【解析】第1题：空前没有名词，需名词性表达"15岁的人"，合成形容词名词化加 -s：15-year-olds。第2题：first-year 作定语修饰 student，名词用单数。第3题：be 动词后作表语用形容词 user-friendly。第4题：名词+free 结构"无……的"，名词用单数并加连字符：screen-free。第5题：主体词 passer 变复数：passers-by。第6题：AI-powered"由AI驱动的"，用过去分词 powered 作后置修饰。第7题：part-time 作定语，加连字符、用单数。本组题即高考语法填空的构词法考点：三大规则依次覆盖——名词单数化、主体词复数、分词合成。 D. 1. 15-years-old → 15-year-old 2. passer-bys → passers-by 3. an → a 4. minutes walk → five-minute walk / minutes' walk 5. under 15-year-old → under-15/the rule mainly affects users under 15.【解析】第1题：合成形容词中名词用单数。第2题：主体词 passer 变复数。第3题：user 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头，用 a。第4题：作定语用 five-minute；若保留 minutes 则需用名词所有格 minutes' walk。第5题：under-15 整体作定语需加连字符，或写 15-year-old users。 Level 2 综合写作（参考范文） If I could make one tech rule for my school, I would set up a screen-free hour before bedtime in our dormitories. Many first-year students stay up chatting with AI friends, and their daytime classes suffer. I would also give every 15-year-old student a user-friendly guide to online safety, because high-tech tools can bring high risks. Besides, I would ask the computer club to build an AI-powered homework helper that gives hints instead of answers. In this way, our smartphones would remain tools, not masters. Even passers-by could see the change: students walking with heads up, talking face to face. A one-year habit like this might shape a lifetime.【写作自查】合成词清单：screen-free, first-year, 15-year-old, user-friendly, high-tech, AI-powered, smartphones, passers-by, one-year, face to face——其中 15-year-old / one-year 为"数+单数名词+形"结构，passers-by 为主体词变复数。注意区分：facetoface（带连字符，合成形容词，作定语）；face to face（无连字符，副词短语，作状语） Part A 阅读理解 1. B 【主旨大意题】全文围绕 NUS"全员可用 ChatGPT Edu + 新生必修 AI 课程"展开，核心是把 AI 能力变成像读写一样的基本要求。A 项"AI 替学生写作文"与文中教授的话相反；C、D 项无中生有。 2. B 【细节理解题】定位第二段：The course does not simply teach students how to write prompts. It also covers how AI works, where it makes mistakes, and how to check its answers。C 项"避免在作业中用AI"与原文相反。 3. A 【词义猜测题】prompts 所在句说课程"不只是教学生如何写 prompts"，结合 ChatGPT 语境，prompt 指"给 AI 的指令/提示词"。 4. C 【细节理解题】定位第二段末：Some assignments are now done in class, so teachers can see how students think, not just what they produce，与 C 项几乎同义。 5. A 【细节理解题】定位第三段：A second-year student worried that easy AI answers might stop people from thinking deeply，与 A 项"AI 答案可能削弱深度思考"一致。 Part B 完形填空 1--5 A A A B A 6--10 A B B A B 11--15 C B C C D 1. A avatar 【解析】呼应 Unit 4 Lesson 1 关键词，下文 a cartoon girl with her smile 即头像形象；address/album/award 均无法被 create 出卡通形象。 2. A favourite 【解析】与 her smile 并列修饰 blue hair，"她最喜欢的蓝头发"；第15空前的 cartoon girl was holding a robot arm 呼应头像的个性化设计。 3. A braver 【解析】头像比本人"更勇敢"，与下文 Lucy 害怕认识新同学形成对照；weaker/quieter/lazier 均为贬义，与"网络中的理想自我"语境不符。 4. B laughed 【解析】At first I laughed 与 Then I noticed 的转折呼应：起初觉得好玩，后来才担心。cried/shouted/agreed 与下文语气不符。 5. A disappointing 【解析】下文 A chatbot always agrees with you 暗示：真朋友可能让人失望，不会像聊天机器人一样永远赞同。线索：反向对比。 6. A agrees with 【解析】"聊天机器人总是赞同你"；laugh at 嘲笑、wait for 等待、look after 照顾均不符合"永远顺着你说"的语境。线索：第5空同句对比。 7. A silent 【解析】听到不同观点，Lucy 沉默片刻后才说 Maybe，符合被触动的反应；excited/angry/proud 与下文语气不符。线索：动作顺序。 8. B understood 【解析】"我突然明白了这些应用真正的商业模式——把陪伴卖给孤独的人"；forgot/refused/promised 与 what the apps really do 从句不搭配。线索：语义搭配。 9. A whole 【解析】not the whole thing"不是生活的全部"，与上文 not always a bad thing 构成让步递进：不一定是坏事，但也不是全部。线索：并列逻辑。 10. A ready 【解析】be ready to join 准备好加入，与 but afraid 转折；afraid 在下文出现，不可重复选；sorry/late 不合逻辑。线索：转折关系。 11. C if 【解析】固定句式 What if...?"要是……怎么办？"，表假设的担忧。线索：句型固定搭配。 12. B there 【解析】"那我就去那儿（陪你）"，there 指代 robot club；here 方向相反，out/back 与语境不符。线索：指代与语境。 13. C build 【解析】呼应 robot club 语境"搭建机器臂"；buy 与亲手参与的主题相悖。线索：话题复现。 14. C for 【解析】for weeks 表示持续一段时间，与现在完成时 had not seen 连用；in/on/at 不接时间段表持续。线索：语法搭配。 15. D real 【解析】全文落点：科技回到"工具"位置，卡通女孩身边站着 real friends，与开头 AI "friends" 形成首尾对照。线索：主旨升华。 完形线索小结：1、13题靠 Unit 4 主题词复现；3、10题靠转折对照；5、6、9题靠并列与反向对比逻辑；12、14题靠指代与语法搭配；15题靠首尾呼应主旨"a tool, not a home"。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $