Unit 5 Working the land Using Language Reading for Writing 课文知识点 课件 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语课件围绕“化学农业与有机农业对比”展开，通过农田插图导入主题，先阐述20世纪中期化学农药化肥的广泛使用及长期危害，再介绍有机农业的自然方法，形成“问题-替代方案”的逻辑脉络，术语列表和语法分析为学生提供语言学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过术语解析（如“artificial fertilisers”）和复杂句语法分析（如not only...but also结构）提升语言理解与表达能力，对比化学农业（DDT禁止案例）与有机农业（轮作技术）培养批判性思维。结构化内容呈现帮助学生构建知识体系，教师可直接用于阅读与写作教学，提升课堂效率。

品位设计 1 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. 自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在耕作中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，很多农民喜欢使用农药和化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现长期使用农药和化肥会造成土地受损，对人们的健康造成危害。 1. chemical pesticides 化学杀虫剂 2. artificial fertilisers 人工化肥 3. be in widespread use 被广泛使用 4. fight crop disease 防治农作物病害 5. increase production 增产 6. over time 久而久之，随着时间推移 7. long-term use 长期使用 8. introduce 引进 9. harm the land and health 损害土地与人体健康 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. 1. 主干：Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use since + 过去时间点，是现在完成时标志； be in use = be used，表 “投入使用” 2. 主干：many farmers welcomed them when 引导时间状语从句，welcome sth as… 把某物视作……； to fight…and (to) increase… 并列不定式后置修饰 way，表用途。 3. 主干：what some scientists have found is that… what 引导主语从句，在从句内作 found 的宾语，整句谓语用单数 is；that 引导表语从句；both…and… 并列宾语 the land、people’s health。 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. 例如，农药在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响生长在土地上的农作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至导致癌症。 1. harmful bacteria and insects 有害细菌与害虫 2. helpful ones 有益微生物 / 益虫（ones 代指 bacteria and insects） 3. underground water sources 地下水源 4. in turn 反过来，进而 5. digest v. 消化 6. cause cancer 引发癌症 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. 1. 主干：pesticides can damage the land by killing… 介词 by + 动名词作方式状语，表示 “通过…… 方式” not only…but also… 连接两组并列宾语；ones 为代词，替代前文复数名词 bacteria and insects 避免重复。 2. 主干：This affects the crops and the animals and humans grown on the land 过去分词短语修饰 crops，相当于定语从句 that are grown…； who digest them 限制性定语从句，先行词 the animals and humans，who 在从句作主语；them 指代 crops。 In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. 事实上，像DDT这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，施过化肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。 1. prohibit v. 禁止 2. as for 至于，说到 3. too fast to be rich in nutrition 生长过快而营养不足 4. be rich in essential minerals 富含必需矿物质 5. less flavour 口感变差，味道寡淡 In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. 1. 主干：some pesticides have been prohibited have been prohibited 现在完成时被动语态，表示 “已被禁止”； because of + 名词短语 the damage 作原因状语； (that/which) they cause to… 定语从句修饰 damage，关系代词在从句作宾语可省略。 2. but、and 连接三层并列分句 第一分句主系表 look beautiful； 第二分句 there be 句型含比较级 more…than…； 分句 1 but 分句 2，整体再 and 分句 3 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. 作为另一种选择，一些农民开始转向有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。这样会使他们地里的土壤更富含矿物质，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 1. alternative 替代方案 2. switch to organic farming 改用有机农业种植 3. turn to organic food 选择有机食品 4. local grocery 本地杂货店 5. focus on doing sth 专注于…… 6. keep soil rich and free of disease 保持土壤肥沃、无病害 7. through natural means 通过自然方式 8. natural waste from animals 动物粪便 9. keep…free of… 使…… 不含 / 远离…… As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. 作为另一种选择，一些农民开始转向有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。这样会使他们地里的土壤更富含矿物质，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 1. focus on 后接动名词 keeping 作宾语； keep + 宾语 + 两个并列形容词补足语：rich and free of disease； through natural means 方式状语。 2. make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级宾补：make soil richer… 让土壤矿物质更丰富 3. keep + 并列宾语 + 形容词补足语 free of chemicals，使全部农作物、水土空气都不含有化学药剂。 Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里， 他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆。种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植下一批作物。 1. produce rich soil 培育肥沃土壤 2. change the kind of crop 轮作换种作物 3. grow corn /wheat/beans 种植玉米 / 小麦 / 豆类 4. put minerals back into the ground 将矿物质归还土壤 5. the next batch of crops 下一季作物 Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里， 他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆。种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植下一批作物。 1. grown in each field 过去分词作后置定语，修饰 crop，等同于定语从句 that is grown… 2. 主干：Why different crops are grown is because… Why 引导主语从句，整句谓语用单数 is； because 引导表语从句，解释轮作的原因； making it ready… 现在分词作结果状语，it 指代 the ground。 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. 有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物，利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。例如，花生种植生长于浅层土壤，但许多其他蔬菜种植生根于深层土壤。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。 1. plant diverse crops 种植多样化作物 2. different depths of soil 不同土层深度 3. put down deep roots 扎根深处 4. avoid damage to… 避免对…… 造成破坏 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. 有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物，利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。例如，花生种植生长于浅层土壤，但许多其他蔬菜种植生根于深层土壤。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。 1. that 引导限制性定语从句修饰 diverse crops； to help keep it rich 不定式作目的状语；it 指代 soil。 2. 主干：The goal is to grow good food of using… 介词短语后置修饰 goal；to grow… 不定式作表语； while avoiding… = while (they are) avoiding…，时间状语从句省略主语 + be 动词；damage to the environment or (damage) to people’s health Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。 1. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 2. man-made chemicals 人工合成化学制剂 3. entirely adv. 完全地 4. keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 5. serve the high demand for… 满足…… 的巨大需求 6. nowhere near able to do 远远无法做到 7. a long way to go 还有很长的路要走 8. sufficient food 充足的粮食 9. as healthy as possible 尽可能健康 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 1. 主干：What keeps them from doing so is the fact What 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，主句谓语用单数 is； that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的具体内容，that 不作句子成分，不可省略。 2. 主干：there is still a long way to find a suitable solution to find a suitable solution 不定式作后置定语，修饰 way； that puts sufficient food… 限制性定语从句修饰先行词 solution； while keeping… = while (we are) keeping…，状语从句省略主语与 be 动词；as healthy as possible 比较结构，作宾语补足语。 $