Unit 4 Digital life 动词不定式作宾语补足语（学习任务单）2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元学案以“动词不定式作宾语补足语”为核心语法点，围绕“掌握使役动词及常见动词后接不定式结构”的学习目标，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，结合语法模块分类（带to/不带to结构）及使用注意事项，构建完整知识网络。 亮点在于融合思维导图辅助语法梳理与多维度练习任务，如单项选择夯实基础、语法填空强化应用、完形填空提升语用能力，培养语言能力与思维品质。通过“按要求完成句子”等任务引导学生灵活运用语法知识，为教师提供分层教学资源，有效支持单元复习的系统性与针对性。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 Digital life （新教材外研版） （动词不定式作宾语补足语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习动词不定式作宾语补足语：want、ask、tell、encourage、allow 等动词后接 sb + to do；make、let、have 等使役动词后接 sb + do（省略 to）。还要注意 tell/ask sb not to do 的否定形式，以及 help sb (to) do 中 to 可省可留。掌握这些结构，能更准确地表达“让、叫、允许某人做某事”等使令含义。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、带 to 的宾语补足语（sb + to do） 常见动词 want, ask, tell, encourage, invite, allow, warn, help, expect 等后接 sb + to do。 My mum told me to study hard. 否定形式 tell/ask/advise sb not to do 表示“叫某人不要做某事”。 He told me not to be late. 二、不带 to 的宾语补足语（sb + do） 使役动词 make, let, have 后接 sb + do，须省略 to。 The joke made us laugh. / Let me help you. help 的特殊性 help sb (to) do 中 to 可省可留，两种形式都正确。 She helped me (to) clean the room. 使用注意事项 1. want, ask, tell, encourage, invite, allow, warn, expect 等动词后接宾语再加不定式，即 sb + to do。 2. 否定形式用 tell/ask/advise sb not to do，表示“叫某人不要做某事”，not 须放在 to 前面。 3. 使役动词 make, let, have 后接 sb + do，不定式须省略 to（make sb do / let sb do）。 4. help 的用法较灵活：help sb (to) do，to 可省可留，两种写法都正确。 5. 判断宾补是否带 to，先看动词类别：使役动词 make/let/have 省 to，其余多数带 to。 6. 改写句子时要保持句意一致，如 allow sb to do 常与 let sb do 互换，not to do 与 don't do 呼应。 一、单项选择 1．The teacher asked us ________ noisy in the reading room. A．not to be B．not be C．to not be D．don't be 2．My mother allows me ________ TV after I finish my homework. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 3．The coach made the players ________ for an extra hour in the rain. A．to train B．training C．train D．trained 4．The guide encouraged the tourists ________ the local history museum. A．visit B．visiting C．visited D．to visit 5．Please let the window ________ open for a while to let in fresh air. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 6．My father warned me ________ with strangers online. A．not chat B．not to chat C．to not chat D．don't chat 7．The school invites an expert ________ us about road safety. A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told 8．The smart app helps me ________ my daily plan easily. A．to organize B．organizing C．organized D．organize 9．Our teacher told us ________ our personal information on the Internet. A．not to post B．not post C．to not post D．don't post 10．The kind neighbour let the lost child ________ in her house for the night. A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Our head teacher encouraged us ________ (take) part in the charity sale. 2．Mum told me ________ (not/spend) too much on online games. 3．The app allows tourists ________ (book) tickets online in advance. 4．The sudden noise made the baby ________ (cry) loudly in the night. 5．My friend invited me ________ (join) his birthday party next week. 6．The road sign warns drivers ________ (slow) down near the school. 7．Let the water ________ (boil) for a few minutes before you make tea. 8．The policeman asked the crowd ________ (keep) away from the safety line. 9．The robot helps Grandpa ________ (carry) the heavy shopping bag. 10．The teacher let the students ________ (go) home early on Friday. 三、按要求完成句子 1．妈妈每天让我早起读英语。 Mum asks me ________ ________ English every morning. 2．这款软件帮助我快速完成作业。 This app helps me ________ my homework quickly. 3．老师鼓励我们课后多锻炼。 The teacher encourages us ________ ________ more after class. 4．爸爸告诫我不要在网上泄露隐私。 Dad told me ________ ________ ________ my privacy online. 5．允许游客使用电子门票入场。 Visitors are allowed ________ ________ the e-ticket to enter. 6．“请把书递给我。”那个男孩对我说。（改为不定式宾补） The boy asked me ________ ________ him the book. 7．“别浪费食物。”妈妈对我说。（合并为不定式否定） Mum told me ________ ________ waste food. 8．这台机器帮我打扫房间。（写出带 to 的同义形式） The machine helps me ________ ________ the room. 9．我们想让机器人更快清扫地板。（改为 make sb do 句型） We make the robot ________ our floor faster. 10．这款应用允许用户在线学习。（用 let 改写，句意不变） The app ________ users ________ online. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Think about this: when you walk into the room, the light is on and there is beautiful music. Is it something 1 only in the movies? No, it’s really happening in our lives. I have many smart home devices in my house! The smart lights are 2 great devices. They can change colors and brightness to make my eyes feel comfortable in different 3 , like reading a book, watching a movie or using the computer. When I go to bed and say “Good night!”, they will 4 all by themselves. I also have a smart speaker. It can speak and 5 what I say. When I say “play a song”, it will play beautiful music for me. Sometimes, when I’m sad, it even makes funny animal sounds to make me 6 . A robot vacuum is really useful because it saves me a lot of 7 . My mum and I like it. We don’t need to spend hours cleaning the floors. It moves around to keep the floors 8 . My cat likes the machine too. She 9 riding on it and going around the house. How interesting! The smart home devices make my home a fantastic place and make the housework 10 and fun! But I know that we need to be careful and use them safely. 1. A．important B．beautiful C．dangerous D．possible 2. A．heavily B．certainly C．finally D．slowly 3. A．problems B．symbols C．situations D．languages 4. A．turn off B．try on C．put up D．work out 5. A．practise B．happen C．describe D．understand 6. A．worry B．smile C．fight D．think 7. A．luck B．room C．money D．time 8. A．large B．warm C．clean D．strong 9. A．finishes B．enjoys C．stops D．leaves 10. A．easy B．busy C．late D．safe Passage 2 We can’t remember clearly when we started to read on our smartphones everywhere. This happens a lot, especially 1 we take a bus or wait in line. Instead of looking around, we take out our 2 and start reading. We read news, stories and even books online. Sometimes we share what we read on social media, waiting to be “liked”. We just cannot put down our smartphones. Does that sound 3 to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you 4 when others do that while talking with you? A recent study shows that what we are 5 to doing is not always good. Spending too much time reading on screens makes our eyes tired. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to read on phones for 3 hours. As a result, it showed that the longer they read, the more 6 their eyes felt. So, next time you go 7 with your family or friends, how about putting down your phone? Let the conversation be enjoyable as it is, and 8 your time with people around you. Trust me—it will be a(n) 9 memory that you will always 10 . 1. A．when B．until C．since D．because 2. A．machines B．smartphones C．wallets D．printers 3. A．curious B．familiar C．amazing D．impossible 4. A．cost B．fix C．feel D．shout 5. A．allowed B．used C．supposed D．expected 6. A．relaxed B．comfortable C．tired D．excited 7. A．eat out B．put out C．come up D．have fun 8. A．treat B．divide C．realise D．share 9. A．simple B．narrow C．excellent D．smart 10. A．forget B．remember C．miss D．doubt Passage 3 Elon Musk, a well-known entrepreneur, has been making great efforts in the field of rocket technology. His company, SpaceX, has made many remarkable 1 . The development of reusable rockets is one of the most significant 2 . By making rockets reusable, the cost of space travel can be greatly 3 . SpaceX’s rockets have carried out many successful 4 into space. These missions are not only for scientific research but also for the future plan for 5 humans to Mars. Musk believes that in the future, humans will become a multi-planet species, and that Mars will be the second home for humanity. The progress of rocket technology also has a profound impact on the global 6 . It promotes the development of related industries such as aerospace engineering, materials science, and computer technology. Moreover, it inspires the next generation of scientists and engineers to 7 the mysteries of space. However, there are also some challenges in the development of rocket technology. For example, ensuring the safety of astronauts and the reliability of rockets are still 8 problems. But Musk and his team are continually working on 9 these challenges. With continuous innovation and hard work, the future of space exploration looks very 10 . 1. A．failures B．achievements C．mistakes D．experiments 2. A．inventions B．discoveries C．creations D．breakthroughs 3. A．increased B．reduced C．raised D．lifted 4. A．flights B．trips C．journeys D．voyages 5. A．sending B．taking C．bringing D．fetching 6. A．culture B．education C．economy D．society 7. A．survey B．explore C．find D．search 8. A．difficult B．easy C．simple D．common 9. A．facing B．dealing with C．fighting against D．struggling with 10. A．hopeless B．helpless C．promising D．challenging 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 In Datong, Shanxi, there is a digital (数字的) star—Hua Mulan. She 1 (work) as a tour guide helping people learn about Datong. Datong is 2 ancient city. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was the capital and people 3 (call) it Pingcheng. Wars (战争) often broke out at that time. Hua Mulan dressed herself up as a man 4 became a soldier. She fought against enemies. Finally, she helped her team win the war. Thanks 5 3D technology, Hua Mulan can now “come to life”. Many people are 6 (surprise) by her looks. She looks like a real person and she can move and talk. In some places of interest in Datong, 7 (visitor) can see the 3D Hua Mulan. She helps 8 (they) learn about Datong in a new way. She can speak both Chinese and English. People from different countries can get help from her 9 (easy). What’s more, tourists can enjoy 10 (explore) Datong’s amazing landscapes and tasting its delicious food. Are you ready to take a trip to Datong? Everyone can have a great experience in this city. Come and visit it! Passage 5 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Last summer, I went to London for a holiday. I had 1 (live) in China for two years before that, so I was used to the convenience of digital life. 2 , my experience in London was quite different. One day, I wanted to visit a museum. I tried 3 (find) a shared bike, but there were very few. When I finally found one, the ride cost me a lot of money. Later, I went to a cafe. I wanted 4 (pay) with my phone, 5 the waiter said they only accepted cash. I felt so 6 (embarrass) because I didn’t have any cash with me. I had to go back to my hotel 7 (get) some. I also tried 8 (order) food through an app, but the delivery took over an hour. The food was cold when it arrived. I missed the digital life in China, 9 everything was so fast and convenient. I couldn’t wait 10 (return) to China! Passage 6 Digital life has changed our lives a lot. I remember when I was a little kid, there 1 (be) no smartphones or tablets. We played outside with friends every day. Now, I can’t imagine my life without digital devices. I use my phone 2 (call) my friends, send messages and take photos. I also use it 3 (learn) English by listening to podcasts. It’s very convenient. However, I know that too much screen time is bad for my eyes. So I 4 (set) a rule for myself: I can use my phone for only one hour a day after school. On weekends, I 5 (spend) more time reading paper books and playing sports with my family. Last month, I 6 (join) a digital art club. We 7 (create) beautiful pictures using computers. It was really interesting. I 8 (make) many new friends there. I think digital life is great, but we 9 (need) to use it in a smart way. Don’t let it take over our real life. I 10 (believe) that we can enjoy both digital life and real life. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。 die    nod    thousands of    somewhere    scarf 1. Emma bought some nice when she went on holiday in Hangzhou. 2. There were visitors and we hardly walked forward. 3. With a smile on the face, the boy his head and began to wash the dishes. 4. I didn’t go last vacation. I just stayed at home and studied for the test. 5. I want to call my grandparents to say “love you”, but my telephone is . Passage 8 从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。     depend on; take up; avoid; make sure; spend...on 1. You should giving out your password to anyone online. 2. Many students the Internet to get information for their study. 3. He most of his free time learning programming skills. 4. To live a healthier life, she decides to a sport like running. 5. you have turned off the computer before leaving the room. Passage 9 用选项内所给短语填空。（每个短语限用一次） stay in touch with      check out      a great deal of      get caught up in      connect with 1. Mr Wang has money, but he isn’t happy. 2. Social media helps us others and share our feelings. 3. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still our friends. 4. Can you help me these photos? 5. As teenagers, we should try not to the colourful digital world. 4 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 Digital life （新教材外研版） （动词不定式作宾语补足语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习动词不定式作宾语补足语：want、ask、tell、encourage、allow 等动词后接 sb + to do；make、let、have 等使役动词后接 sb + do（省略 to）。还要注意 tell/ask sb not to do 的否定形式，以及 help sb (to) do 中 to 可省可留。掌握这些结构，能更准确地表达“让、叫、允许某人做某事”等使令含义。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、带 to 的宾语补足语（sb + to do） 常见动词 want, ask, tell, encourage, invite, allow, warn, help, expect 等后接 sb + to do。 My mum told me to study hard. 否定形式 tell/ask/advise sb not to do 表示“叫某人不要做某事”。 He told me not to be late. 二、不带 to 的宾语补足语（sb + do） 使役动词 make, let, have 后接 sb + do，须省略 to。 The joke made us laugh. / Let me help you. help 的特殊性 help sb (to) do 中 to 可省可留，两种形式都正确。 She helped me (to) clean the room. 使用注意事项 1. want, ask, tell, encourage, invite, allow, warn, expect 等动词后接宾语再加不定式，即 sb + to do。 2. 否定形式用 tell/ask/advise sb not to do，表示“叫某人不要做某事”，not 须放在 to 前面。 3. 使役动词 make, let, have 后接 sb + do，不定式须省略 to（make sb do / let sb do）。 4. help 的用法较灵活：help sb (to) do，to 可省可留，两种写法都正确。 5. 判断宾补是否带 to，先看动词类别：使役动词 make/let/have 省 to，其余多数带 to。 6. 改写句子时要保持句意一致，如 allow sb to do 常与 let sb do 互换，not to do 与 don't do 呼应。 一、单项选择 1．The teacher asked us ________ noisy in the reading room. A．not to be B．not be C．to not be D．don't be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师叫我们在阅览室里不要吵闹。ask sb not to do 表示“叫某人不要做某事”，not 须放在 to 前。故选 A。 2．My mother allows me ________ TV after I finish my homework. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈允许我写完作业后看电视。allow sb to do 后接带 to 的不定式。故选 B。 3．The coach made the players ________ for an extra hour in the rain. A．to train B．training C．train D．trained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：教练让队员们冒雨多练了一小时。使役动词 make 后接 sb + do，不定式须省略 to。故选 C。 4．The guide encouraged the tourists ________ the local history museum. A．visit B．visiting C．visited D．to visit 【答案】D 【详解】句意：导游鼓励游客参观当地历史博物馆。encourage sb to do 后接带 to 的不定式。故选 D。 5．Please let the window ________ open for a while to let in fresh air. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请让窗户开着一会儿透透气。let sb/sth do 后接省 to 的不定式。故选 A。 6．My father warned me ________ with strangers online. A．not chat B．not to chat C．to not chat D．don't chat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爸爸警告我不要在网上和陌生人聊天。warn sb not to do 表示“警告某人不要做”，not 在 to 前。故选 B。 7．The school invites an expert ________ us about road safety. A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校邀请专家来给我们讲道路安全。invite sb to do 后接带 to 的不定式。故选 C。 8．The smart app helps me ________ my daily plan easily. A．to organize B．organizing C．organized D．organize 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这款智能应用帮我省力地安排每日计划。help sb (to) do 中 to 可省，常用省 to 形式 organize。故选 D。 9．Our teacher told us ________ our personal information on the Internet. A．not to post B．not post C．to not post D．don't post 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师叫我们不要在网上发布个人信息。tell sb not to do 表示“叫某人不要做”，not 在 to 前。故选 A。 10．The kind neighbour let the lost child ________ in her house for the night. A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：好心的邻居让迷路的孩子在她家过夜。let sb do 后接省 to 的不定式。故选 B。 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Our head teacher encouraged us ________ (take) part in the charity sale. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：班主任鼓励我们参加义卖活动。encourage sb to do，take 用 to take。 2．Mum told me ________ (not/spend) too much on online games. 【答案】not to spend 【详解】句意：妈妈叫我别在网游上花太多钱。tell sb not to do，spend 用 not to spend。 3．The app allows tourists ________ (book) tickets online in advance. 【答案】to book 【详解】句意：这款应用允许游客提前网上订票。allow sb to do，book 用 to book。 4．The sudden noise made the baby ________ (cry) loudly in the night. 【答案】cry 【详解】句意：突然的响声让婴儿在夜里大哭。make sb do 省 to，cry 用原形。 5．My friend invited me ________ (join) his birthday party next week. 【答案】to join 【详解】句意：朋友邀请我参加他下周的生日聚会。invite sb to do，join 用 to join。 6．The road sign warns drivers ________ (slow) down near the school. 【答案】to slow 【详解】句意：路标警告司机在学校附近减速。warn sb to do，slow 用 to slow。 7．Let the water ________ (boil) for a few minutes before you make tea. 【答案】boil 【详解】句意：泡茶前让水煮沸几分钟。let sb/sth do 省 to，boil 用原形。 8．The policeman asked the crowd ________ (keep) away from the safety line. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：警察要求人群远离安全线。ask sb to do，keep 用 to keep。 9．The robot helps Grandpa ________ (carry) the heavy shopping bag. 【答案】(to) carry 【详解】句意：机器人帮爷爷搬沉重的购物袋。help sb (to) do，carry 可用 (to) carry。 10．The teacher let the students ________ (go) home early on Friday. 【答案】go 【详解】句意：老师让学生们周五早点回家。let sb do 省 to，go 用原形。 三、按要求完成句子 1．妈妈每天让我早起读英语。 Mum asks me ________ ________ English every morning. 【答案】to read 【详解】句意：妈妈每天让我早起读英语。ask sb to do 后接带 to 的不定式，read 用 to read。 2．这款软件帮助我快速完成作业。 This app helps me ________ my homework quickly. 【答案】finish 【详解】句意：这款软件帮助我快速完成作业。help sb (to) do 中 to 可省，finish 用原形。 3．老师鼓励我们课后多锻炼。 The teacher encourages us ________ ________ more after class. 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意：老师鼓励我们课后多锻炼。encourage sb to do，exercise 用 to exercise。 4．爸爸告诫我不要在网上泄露隐私。 Dad told me ________ ________ ________ my privacy online. 【答案】not to share 【详解】句意：爸爸告诫我不要在网上泄露隐私。tell sb not to do，share 用 not to share。 5．允许游客使用电子门票入场。 Visitors are allowed ________ ________ the e-ticket to enter. 【答案】to use 【详解】句意：允许游客使用电子门票入场。allow sb to do 的被动，use 用 to use。 6．“请把书递给我。”那个男孩对我说。（改为不定式宾补） The boy asked me ________ ________ him the book. 【答案】to pass 【详解】句意：“请把书递给我。”那个男孩对我说。ask sb to do 改写为 The boy asked me to pass。 7．“别浪费食物。”妈妈对我说。（合并为不定式否定） Mum told me ________ ________ waste food. 【答案】not to 【详解】句意：“别浪费食物。”妈妈对我说。tell sb not to do 改写为 Mum told me not to。 8．这台机器帮我打扫房间。（写出带 to 的同义形式） The machine helps me ________ ________ the room. 【答案】to clean 【详解】句意：这台机器帮我打扫房间。help sb do 可改为带 to 的 help sb to do，clean 用 to clean。 9．我们想让机器人更快清扫地板。（改为 make sb do 句型） We make the robot ________ our floor faster. 【答案】clean 【详解】句意：我们想让机器人更快清扫地板。want sb to do 可改为使役 make sb do，clean 用原形。 10．这款应用允许用户在线学习。（用 let 改写，句意不变） The app ________ users ________ online. 【答案】lets; learn 【详解】句意：这款应用允许用户在线学习。allow sb to do 可与 let sb do 互换，主语 The app 用 lets learn。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Think about this: when you walk into the room, the light is on and there is beautiful music. Is it something 1 only in the movies? No, it’s really happening in our lives. I have many smart home devices in my house! The smart lights are 2 great devices. They can change colors and brightness to make my eyes feel comfortable in different 3 , like reading a book, watching a movie or using the computer. When I go to bed and say “Good night!”, they will 4 all by themselves. I also have a smart speaker. It can speak and 5 what I say. When I say “play a song”, it will play beautiful music for me. Sometimes, when I’m sad, it even makes funny animal sounds to make me 6 . A robot vacuum is really useful because it saves me a lot of 7 . My mum and I like it. We don’t need to spend hours cleaning the floors. It moves around to keep the floors 8 . My cat likes the machine too. She 9 riding on it and going around the house. How interesting! The smart home devices make my home a fantastic place and make the housework 10 and fun! But I know that we need to be careful and use them safely. 1. A．important B．beautiful C．dangerous D．possible 2. A．heavily B．certainly C．finally D．slowly 3. A．problems B．symbols C．situations D．languages 4. A．turn off B．try on C．put up D．work out 5. A．practise B．happen C．describe D．understand 6. A．worry B．smile C．fight D．think 7. A．luck B．room C．money D．time 8. A．large B．warm C．clean D．strong 9. A．finishes B．enjoys C．stops D．leaves 10. A．easy B．busy C．late D．safe 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文介绍作者家中的智能灯、音箱和扫地机器人等设备，阐述它们如何让生活更便捷有趣，使家务变轻松，同时提醒注意安全。 【详解】1. 句意：这是只在电影里才有可能发生的事吗？ 此处询问是否只“可能”发生在电影里。possible“可能的”符合语境；important“重要的”、beautiful“美丽的”、dangerous“危险的”，不符合上下文语义。 2. 句意：智能灯当然是很棒的设备。 后文介绍智能灯的各类实用功能。certainly“当然”符合语境；heavily“沉重地”、finally“最终”、slowly“缓慢地”，无法用来评价智能设备。 3. 句意：它们可以改变颜色和亮度，让我的眼睛在不同场景下感到舒适，比如看书、看电影或者使用电脑。 后文列举了多种生活使用场景。situations“场景，情况” 符合语境；problems“问题”、symbols“标志”、languages“语言”，和列举的生活事例不匹配。 4. 句意：当我上床睡觉说“晚安！”，它们就会自己关掉。 睡前场景，灯光需要关闭。turn off“关闭”符合语境；try on“试穿”、put up“张贴；搭建”、work out“算出；解决”，和灯光的操作无关。 5. 句意：它可以说话并且理解我说的话。 智能音箱要接收人的语音指令，所以需要理解人说的指令。understand“理解”符合语境；practise“练习”、happen“发生”、describe“描述”，不符合音箱接收语音的功能。 6. 句意：有时候，当我难过的时候，它甚至会发出有趣的动物声音来让我微笑。 难过时，有趣的声音是为了使人开心。smile“微笑”符合语境；worry“担忧”、fight“打架”、think“思考”，逻辑不通顺。 7. 句意：扫地机器人很有用，因为它节省我很多时间。 后文提到不用花费数小时打扫地板。time“时间”符合语境；luck“运气”、room“空间”、money“金钱”，和后文提示信息不一致。 8. 句意：它四处移动来保持地板干净。 扫地机器人的作用就是清扫地面。clean“干净的”符合语境；large“大的”、warm“温暖的”、strong“强壮的”，和扫地机器人的功能无关。 9. 句意：她喜欢趴在它上面，在屋子里到处转。 固定搭配enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，描写猫咪的喜好。enjoys“喜欢”符合语境；finishes“完成”、stops“停止”、leaves“离开”，不符合猫咪玩耍的状态。 10. 句意：智能家居设备让我的家成为一个很棒的地方，让家务变得简单又有趣！ 智能家居设备可以帮忙分担家务。easy“简单的”符合语境；busy“忙碌的”、late“迟的”、safe“安全的”，语义和上下文不符。 Passage 2 We can’t remember clearly when we started to read on our smartphones everywhere. This happens a lot, especially 1 we take a bus or wait in line. Instead of looking around, we take out our 2 and start reading. We read news, stories and even books online. Sometimes we share what we read on social media, waiting to be “liked”. We just cannot put down our smartphones. Does that sound 3 to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you 4 when others do that while talking with you? A recent study shows that what we are 5 to doing is not always good. Spending too much time reading on screens makes our eyes tired. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to read on phones for 3 hours. As a result, it showed that the longer they read, the more 6 their eyes felt. So, next time you go 7 with your family or friends, how about putting down your phone? Let the conversation be enjoyable as it is, and 8 your time with people around you. Trust me—it will be a(n) 9 memory that you will always 10 . 1. A．when B．until C．since D．because 2. A．machines B．smartphones C．wallets D．printers 3. A．curious B．familiar C．amazing D．impossible 4. A．cost B．fix C．feel D．shout 5. A．allowed B．used C．supposed D．expected 6. A．relaxed B．comfortable C．tired D．excited 7. A．eat out B．put out C．come up D．have fun 8. A．treat B．divide C．realise D．share 9. A．simple B．narrow C．excellent D．smart 10. A．forget B．remember C．miss D．doubt 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述现在人们随时随地用手机阅读的普遍现象，指出长时间看屏幕带来的危害，呼吁大家放下手机，珍惜和身边人相处的时光。 【详解】1. 句意：这种情况经常发生，尤其是当我们坐公交车或者排队等候的时候。 根据“we take a bus or wait in line”可知，此处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，应选用when“当……时候”。until“直到”、since“自从”、because“因为”均不符合语境。 2. 句意：我们不会环顾四周，而是拿出我们的智能手机开始阅读。 根据上文“read on our smartphones everywhere”可知，此处表示都看智能手机，应选用smartphones“智能手机”。machines“机器”、wallets“钱包”、printers“打印机”均不符合语境。 3. 句意：那对你来说听起来熟悉吗？ 上文描述人们总看手机的现象，此处询问读者是否对此感到熟悉，应选用familiar“熟悉的”。curious“好奇的”、amazing“令人惊奇的”、impossible“不可能的”均不符合语境。 4. 句意：如果没有，当别人和你交谈时却那样做，你感觉如何？ 根据“how do you…when others do that while talking with you”可知，此处询问内心感受，应选用feel“感觉”。cost“花费”、fix“修理”、shout“大喊”均不符合语境。 5. 句意：最近一项研究表明，我们习惯做的事情并不总是有益的。 be used to doing sth.是固定用法，表示“习惯于做某事”，应选用used。allowed“被允许”、supposed“应该”、expected“被期待”均不符合固定搭配。 6. 句意：结果表明，阅读时间越长，他们的眼睛就感觉越疲惫。 根据上文“Spending too much time reading on screens makes our eyes tired”可知，看书时间久了，眼睛会疲劳，应选用tired“疲惫的”。relaxed“放松的”、comfortable“舒适的”、excited“兴奋的”均不符合语境。 7. 句意：所以，下次你和家人或者朋友外出就餐时，把手机放下怎么样？ 根据“with your family or friends, how about putting down your phone”可知，此处建议外出就餐放下手机，应选用eat out“外出就餐”。put out“扑灭”、come up“出现”、have fun“玩得开心”均不符合语境。 8. 句意：就让谈话保持原本的愉快，与身边的人共度时光。 根据“with people around you”可知，此处指共享时间，应选用share“分享；共度”，share time with sb.是固定搭配，表示“与某人共度时光”。treat“对待”、divide“划分”、realise“意识到”均不符合语境。 9. 句意：相信我，这将是一段你永远不会忘记的美好回忆。 根据上下文放下手机陪伴身边人是美好的经历，应选用excellent“极好的”。simple“简单的”、narrow“狭窄的”、smart“聪明的”均不符合语境。 10. 句意：相信我，这将是一段你永远不会忘记的美好回忆。 回忆是会被记住的，应选用remember“记住”。forget“忘记”、miss“思念；错过”、doubt“怀疑”均不符合语境。 Passage 3 Elon Musk, a well-known entrepreneur, has been making great efforts in the field of rocket technology. His company, SpaceX, has made many remarkable 1 . The development of reusable rockets is one of the most significant 2 . By making rockets reusable, the cost of space travel can be greatly 3 . SpaceX’s rockets have carried out many successful 4 into space. These missions are not only for scientific research but also for the future plan for 5 humans to Mars. Musk believes that in the future, humans will become a multi-planet species, and that Mars will be the second home for humanity. The progress of rocket technology also has a profound impact on the global 6 . It promotes the development of related industries such as aerospace engineering, materials science, and computer technology. Moreover, it inspires the next generation of scientists and engineers to 7 the mysteries of space. However, there are also some challenges in the development of rocket technology. For example, ensuring the safety of astronauts and the reliability of rockets are still 8 problems. But Musk and his team are continually working on 9 these challenges. With continuous innovation and hard work, the future of space exploration looks very 10 . 1. A．failures B．achievements C．mistakes D．experiments 2. A．inventions B．discoveries C．creations D．breakthroughs 3. A．increased B．reduced C．raised D．lifted 4. A．flights B．trips C．journeys D．voyages 5. A．sending B．taking C．bringing D．fetching 6. A．culture B．education C．economy D．society 7. A．survey B．explore C．find D．search 8. A．difficult B．easy C．simple D．common 9. A．facing B．dealing with C．fighting against D．struggling with 10. A．hopeless B．helpless C．promising D．challenging 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍 Elon Musk 及 SpaceX 在火箭技术领域的成就、可重复使用火箭的意义、对全球经济的影响及未来展望。 【详解】1. 句意：他的公司SpaceX已经取得许多引人注目的成就。 根据上文“has been making great efforts in the field of rocket technology”，努力之后收获显著成就，应选achievements，表示“成就”，契合公司取得技术成果的上下文语境；failures“失败”，mistakes“错误”，experiments“实验”，三者和“取得出色成果”语义矛盾，不符合上下文。 2. 句意：可重复使用火箭的研发是最重要的突破之一。 结合航天领域，可重复使用火箭属于重大技术突破，应选breakthroughs，表示“突破”，契合航天技术革新的上下文语境；inventions“发明”，discoveries“发现”，creations“创造”，三者不能突出这项技术里程碑式的意义，不符合上下文。 3. 句意：通过让火箭可以重复使用，太空旅行的成本可以被大幅降低。 根据常识，火箭回收可以减少花费，应选reduced，表示“降低，减少”，契合回收火箭带来成本变化的上下文语境；increased“增加”，raised“提升”，lifted“举起”，三者逻辑和可回收火箭的优势相悖，不符合上下文。 4. 句意：SpaceX的火箭完成了许多次成功的太空飞行。 航天领域固定搭配space flights表示“航天飞行”，应选flights，表示“飞行”，契合火箭发射升空的上下文语境；trips“短途旅行”，journeys“陆地长途旅程”，voyages“海上航行”，三者多用于描述人的出行，不用于火箭，不符合上下文。 5. 句意：这些任务不仅服务于科学研究，也服务于未来把人类送往火星的计划。 固定搭配send humans to Mars“将人类送往火星”，应选sending，表示“派送，送往”，契合载人火星计划的上下文语境；taking“带走”，bringing“带来”，fetching“取回”，三者方向语义和飞往火星不符，不符合上下文。 6. 句意：火箭技术的进步同样对全球经济产生深远影响。 根据下文“It promotes the development of related industries”，产业发展对应经济层面，应选economy，表示“经济”，契合带动产业链发展的上下文语境；culture“文化”，education“教育”，society“社会”，三者和后文产业发展的线索不匹配，不符合上下文。 7. 句意：此外，它激励新一代科学家和工程师去探索太空的奥秘。 根据“the mysteries of space”可知是探索太空奥秘，应选explore，表示“探索”，契合科研人员探寻宇宙的上下文语境；survey“调查”，find“找到”，search“搜寻”，三者不和mysteries构成该固定表达，不符合上下文。 8. 句意：例如，保障宇航员安全以及火箭可靠性依旧是棘手的难题。 根据上文“there are also some challenges”，说明这些问题难度大，应选difficult，表示“困难的”，契合技术攻关存在难点的上下文语境；easy“容易的”，simple“简单的”，common“普通的”，三者与challenges转折逻辑冲突，不符合上下文。 9. 句意：但马斯克和他的团队一直在致力于应对这些挑战。 固定搭配deal with challenges表示“应对挑战”，应选dealing with，表示“处理、应对”，契合团队攻坚克难的上下文语境；facing“面对”，fighting against“对抗”，struggling with“艰难抗争”，三者不能表达“着手解决难题”这层含义，不符合上下文。 10. 句意：伴随着不断创新与艰苦奋斗，太空探索的未来看起来充满希望。 根据前文“With continuous innovation and hard work”，是积极乐观的基调，应选promising，表示“有希望的，前景光明的”，契合对太空未来乐观展望的上下文语境；hopeless“无望的”，helpless“无助的”，challenging“有挑战性的”，三者不能对应创新努力带来的向好未来，不符合上下文。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 In Datong, Shanxi, there is a digital (数字的) star—Hua Mulan. She 1 (work) as a tour guide helping people learn about Datong. Datong is 2 ancient city. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was the capital and people 3 (call) it Pingcheng. Wars (战争) often broke out at that time. Hua Mulan dressed herself up as a man 4 became a soldier. She fought against enemies. Finally, she helped her team win the war. Thanks 5 3D technology, Hua Mulan can now “come to life”. Many people are 6 (surprise) by her looks. She looks like a real person and she can move and talk. In some places of interest in Datong, 7 (visitor) can see the 3D Hua Mulan. She helps 8 (they) learn about Datong in a new way. She can speak both Chinese and English. People from different countries can get help from her 9 (easy). What’s more, tourists can enjoy 10 (explore) Datong’s amazing landscapes and tasting its delicious food. Are you ready to take a trip to Datong? Everyone can have a great experience in this city. Come and visit it! 【答案】 1. works 2. an 3. called 4. and 5. to 6. surprised 7. visitors 8. them 9. easily 10. exploring 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了山西大同的数字明星——花木兰，她通过3D技术“复活”，作为导游帮助游客们更好地了解大同。 【详解】1. 句意：她作为一名导游工作，帮助人们了解大同。此处描述的是目前的客观事实，时态应为一般现在时；主语“She”为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用单三形式works“工作”。 2. 句意：大同是一座古城。此处泛指“一座古城”，需用不定冠词，且“ancient”发音以元音音素开头，其前应使用an。 3. 句意：在北魏时期，它是首都，人们称它为平城。根据时间状语“In the Northern Wei Dynasty”以及前文的“was”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应为一般过去时，要填call的过去式called。 4. 句意：花木兰女扮男装并且成为了一名士兵。“dressed herself up as a man”与“became a soldier”两个动作之间是顺承的并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。 5. 句意：多亏了3D技术，花木兰现在可以“复活”了。固定搭配“thanks to”，意为“多亏了，由于”。 6. 句意：许多人对她的外貌感到惊讶。此处表示人感到惊讶，需用-ed结尾的形容词作表语，be surprised by意为“被……惊讶到”。 7. 句意：在大同的一些名胜古迹，游客们可以看到3D花木兰。visitor为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且前面没有限定词，需用名词复数形式作主语。 8. 句意：她帮助他们以一种新的方式了解大同。设空处作动词“helps”的宾语，需用人称代词的宾格形式，填them。 9. 句意：来自不同国家的人们可以轻松地从她那里得到帮助。设空处在句中修饰动词短语“get help”，需用副词形式，easy的副词为easily，意为“容易地”。 10. 句意：此外，游客们可以享受探索大同迷人风景和品尝美味食物的乐趣。固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”，意为“喜欢/享受做某事”，需填动名词作宾语，填exploring“探索”。 Passage 5 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Last summer, I went to London for a holiday. I had 1 (live) in China for two years before that, so I was used to the convenience of digital life. 2 , my experience in London was quite different. One day, I wanted to visit a museum. I tried 3 (find) a shared bike, but there were very few. When I finally found one, the ride cost me a lot of money. Later, I went to a cafe. I wanted 4 (pay) with my phone, 5 the waiter said they only accepted cash. I felt so 6 (embarrass) because I didn’t have any cash with me. I had to go back to my hotel 7 (get) some. I also tried 8 (order) food through an app, but the delivery took over an hour. The food was cold when it arrived. I missed the digital life in China, 9 everything was so fast and convenient. I couldn’t wait 10 (return) to China! 【答案】 1. lived 2. However 3. to find 4. to pay 5. but 6. embarrassed 7. to get 8. to order 9. because 10. to return 【导语】本篇是记叙文，主要讲述作者去年夏天在伦敦度假，习惯了中国便捷的数字生活，却在伦敦遭遇诸多不便，十分怀念国内便捷生活的经历。 【详解】1. 句意：在那之前，我已经在中国生活了两年，所以我习惯了数字生活带来的便利。句中had为过去完成时的助动词，后面需要使用动词的过去分词形式，live的过去分词为lived。 2. 句意：然而，我在伦敦的体验却大不相同。前后两句存在转折逻辑，空格后有逗号隔开，使用副词However，表达“然而”，用于衔接上下文。 3. 句意：我试着想找到一辆共享单车，但可供使用的单车很少。try to do sth结构中不定式作宾语，表示尽力/试图做某事，因此填入to find。 4. 句意：我想用手机支付，但服务员说他们只接受现金。want to do sth结构中不定式作宾语，表示想要做某事，因此填入to pay。 5. 句意：我想用手机支付，但服务员说他们只接受现金。前后两个分句存在转折关系，使用并列连词but连接两个分句。 6. 句意：我感到十分尴尬，因为我身上没有带现金。felt是系动词，后面需要使用形容词作表语；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”，用来描述人的感受。 7. 句意：我不得不返回酒店取一些现金。此处不定式作目的状语，体现返回酒店的目的是取现金，因此填入to get。 8. 句意：我也尝试通过应用软件点餐，但外卖配送耗时超过一小时。try to do sth结构中不定式作宾语，表示尽力/试图做某事，因此填入to order。 9. 句意：我怀念在中国的数字生活，因为一切都十分快捷便利。本句为原因状语从句，because引导从句，用来解释怀念中国数字生活的缘由。 10. 句意：我迫不及待想要回到中国！can’t wait to do sth结构中不定式作宾语，表示迫不及待做某事，因此填入to return。 Passage 6 Digital life has changed our lives a lot. I remember when I was a little kid, there 1 (be) no smartphones or tablets. We played outside with friends every day. Now, I can’t imagine my life without digital devices. I use my phone 2 (call) my friends, send messages and take photos. I also use it 3 (learn) English by listening to podcasts. It’s very convenient. However, I know that too much screen time is bad for my eyes. So I 4 (set) a rule for myself: I can use my phone for only one hour a day after school. On weekends, I 5 (spend) more time reading paper books and playing sports with my family. Last month, I 6 (join) a digital art club. We 7 (create) beautiful pictures using computers. It was really interesting. I 8 (make) many new friends there. I think digital life is great, but we 9 (need) to use it in a smart way. Don’t let it take over our real life. I 10 (believe) that we can enjoy both digital life and real life. 【答案】 1. were 2. to call 3. to learn 4. set 5. spend 6. joined 7. created 8. made 9. need 10. believe 【导语】本文介绍了数字生活给日常生活带来的便利，同时也提出要合理使用数字设备，平衡好数字生活与现实生活的关系。 【详解】1. 句意：我记得当我还是个小孩子的时候，没有智能手机和平板电脑。此处是there be句型，主语no smartphones是复数概念，且时间状语“when I was a little kid”表示过去的时间，be动词需用一般过去时的复数形式were。 2. 句意：我用手机给朋友打电话、发消息和拍照。此处符合固定搭配use sth. to do sth.，意为“使用某物做某事”，空处用不定式作目的状语，即to call。 3. 句意：我也用它通过听播客来学习英语。此处符合固定搭配use sth. to do sth.，意为“使用某物做某事”，空处用不定式作目的状语，即to learn。 4. 句意：所以我给自己制定了一条规则：放学后我每天只能用一小时手机。此处描述作者长期坚持的个人常规行为，用一般现在时，主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形set。 5. 句意：在周末，我花更多时间读纸质书、和家人一起做运动。此处描述作者周末的常规安排，属于经常性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形spend。 6. 句意：上个月，我加入了一个数字艺术俱乐部。时间状语Last month表示明确的过去时间，谓语动词要用一般过去时，join的过去式是joined。 7. 句意：我们用电脑创作漂亮的图片。前一句提到上个月加入数字艺术俱乐部，此处描述当时在俱乐部发生的过去的动作，用一般过去时，create的过去式是created。 8. 句意：我在那里交了很多新朋友。此处承接上文描述在数字艺术俱乐部的过往经历，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，make friends是固定搭配，make的过去式是made。 9. 句意：我认为数字生活很棒，但我们需要以明智的方式使用它。此处是作者表达的常规性观点，用一般现在时，主语是第一人称复数we，谓语动词用原形need。 10. 句意：我相信我们可以同时享受数字生活和现实生活。此处表达作者当下的个人观点和信念，用一般现在时，主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形believe。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。 die    nod    thousands of    somewhere    scarf 1. Emma bought some nice when she went on holiday in Hangzhou. 2. There were visitors and we hardly walked forward. 3. With a smile on the face, the boy his head and began to wash the dishes. 4. I didn’t go last vacation. I just stayed at home and studied for the test. 5. I want to call my grandparents to say “love you”, but my telephone is . 【答案】1. scarfs/scarves 2. thousands of 3. nodded 4. anywhere 5. dead 【详解】1. 句意：Emma去杭州度假时买了一些漂亮的围巾。此处需要一个名词，作句子的宾语，由“bought some nice...”和备选词可知，她买了“围巾”，方框中scarf意为“围巾”，前面有some修饰，需用复数形式scarfs或scarves，符合语境。 2. 句意：有成千上万的游客，我们几乎无法向前走。此处需要一个短语，修饰名词visitors，由“There were...visitors and we hardly walked forward”和备选词可知，有“成千上万的”游客，方框中thousands of意为“成千上万的”，符合语境。 3. 句意：男孩脸上带着微笑，点了点头，开始洗碗。此处需要一个动词，作句子的谓语，由“the boy...his head and began to wash the dishes”和备选词可知，他“点头”了，方框中nod意为“点头”，描述过去发生的动作，需用过去式nodded，符合语境。 4. 句意：上个假期我哪里也没去。我只是待在家里为考试学习。此处需要一个副词，作句子的状语，由“I just stayed at home and studied for the test.”和备选词可知，“哪里”也没去，就在家里，方框中somewhere意为“某处”，在否定句中需用anywhere，意为“任何地方”，符合语境。 5. 句意：我想给祖父母打电话说“爱你们”，但我的电话没电了。此处需要一个形容词，作句子的表语，由“but my telephone is...”和备选词可知，想要打电话，但是电话“没电了”，方框中die意为“死”，需用形容词dead，意为“没电的”，符合语境。 Passage 8 从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。     depend on; take up; avoid; make sure; spend...on 1. You should giving out your password to anyone online. 2. Many students the Internet to get information for their study. 3. He most of his free time learning programming skills. 4. To live a healthier life, she decides to a sport like running. 5. you have turned off the computer before leaving the room. 【答案】1. avoid 2. depend on 3. spends on 4. take up 5. Make sure 【详解】1. 句意：你应当避免在网上把你的密码透露给任何人。根据常识，我们要避免把密码透露给任何人。情态动词should后接动词原形，avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，固定搭配。此处应用动词原形avoid。 2. 句意：许多学生依靠网络获取学习所需的信息。根据“Many students...the Internet to get information for their study.”可知，现在很多学生依靠网络来获取学习信息，应用depend on“依靠，依赖”。本句为一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。 3. 句意：他把大部分空闲时间花在学习编程技能上。spend time on sth.表示“把时间花费在某事上”，固定搭配，主语he是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，spend需用第三人称单数形式 spends。 4. 句意：为了过上更健康的生活，她决定开始从事跑步这类运动。根据“To live a healthier life, she decides to...a sport like running.”可知，为了过上更健康的生活，她决定开始培养运动习惯。应用take up表示“开始从事（某项爱好、运动）”，decides to后接动词原形。 5. 句意：离开房间前确保你已经关掉电脑。根据“...you have turned off the computer before leaving the room.”可知，在离开房间前要确保关掉电脑。应用make sure“确保”，句子为祈使句，用动词原形，位于句首首字母应大写。 Passage 9 用选项内所给短语填空。（每个短语限用一次） stay in touch with      check out      a great deal of      get caught up in      connect with 1. Mr Wang has money, but he isn’t happy. 2. Social media helps us others and share our feelings. 3. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still our friends. 4. Can you help me these photos? 5. As teenagers, we should try not to the colourful digital world. 【答案】1. a great deal of 2. connect with 3. stay in touch with 4. check out 5. get caught up in 【详解】1. 句意：王先生有很多钱，但是他并不快乐。空后money是不可数名词，a great deal of专门用来修饰不可数名词，表示“大量、许多”，符合语境。 2. 句意：社交媒体帮助我们和他人建立联系、分享心情。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.，此处需要动词短语，connect with意为“与……建立联系”，契合社交媒体拉近人际关联的句意。 3. 句意：如今，我们即使走遍世界各地，依旧可以和朋友们保持联系。and前后为并列谓语，can后接动词原形，stay in touch with含义为“与……保持联系”，符合异地和朋友维系往来的语境。 4. 句意：你能帮我查看一下这些照片吗？固定结构help sb. (to) do sth.，check out表示“查看、翻看”，用来搭配photos，语义通顺。 5. 句意：作为青少年，我们应当尽量不要沉迷于多姿多彩的数字世界。try not to后接动词原形，get caught up in表示“沉迷、陷入”，贴合劝告青少年不要沉溺网络的语境。 6 / 17乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $