Unit 4 Space Exploration 知识背诵清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“太空探索”主题系统梳理词汇体系。从基础词汇如astronaut、gravity、universe等名词，到determined、intelligent等形容词及carry on、in the hope of等短语，再到18个重难点词汇的词性转换、搭配及语境运用，构建从认知到应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇梳理—重难点解析—情境运用”逻辑展开，通过同义词对比、词性转换培养思维品质，结合读后续写、翻译等示例提升语言能力，搭配辨析练习和运用策略助力学习能力发展，形成兼具系统性与实践性的学科特色学习方案。

Unit 4 Space Exploration Step 1 词汇梳理 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 宇航员;太空人astronaut 2. n. 程序;步骤;手续procedure 3. adj 精神的;思想的mental 4. n. 厘米cm abbr (centimeter) 5. adj. 有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的intelligent 6. n. 火箭;火箭弹rocket 7. n. 重力;引力gravity 8. n. 边境;国界;边远地区frontier 9. n. 交通工具;车辆vehicle 10. n. 宇宙;天地万物universe 11. adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的determined 12. vt. 查明;确定;决定determine 13. n. 人造卫星;卫星satellite 14. n. 发射;发起;上市launch 15. n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.＆vi.沿轨道运行;环绕…运行orbit 16. adj. 巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人giant 17. n/v. 跳跃;剧增;剧变leap (leapt, leapt /lept/or leaped, leaped） 18. n. 人类mankind n. [pl.]资料;数据data 19. n. (政府的)专门机构;代理处agency 20. n. 航天器;宇宙飞船spacecraft 21. n. 太空行走;太空行走时间spacewalk 22. n. 玉;翠;玉器jade 23. vt.＆vi.传输;发送transmit 24. adj.失望的;沮丧的disappointed 25. adj.独立的;自立的independent 26. adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;ongoing 27. n. 渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望desire 28. vi.＆vt(航天器)对接;(使)进港n码头dock 29. vt.＆vi.标志着;发信号n.标志;信号signal 30. 为了;以便so as to (do sth) 31. 在宇宙飞船上;在船/飞机上on board 32. 继续做，坚持干carry on 33. 抱着……的希望in the hope of doing sth 34. vt. 回收利用;再利用recycle 35. n. 肌肉;实力;影响力muscle 36. n. 缺乏;短缺.没有;缺乏lack 37. vi. 浮动;漂流;漂浮；vt使浮动;使漂流float 38. adv. 否则;要不然otherwise 39. prep.在更远处;超出beyond 40. adj. 太阳的;太阳能的solar 41. 太阳系;类太阳系solar system 42. adj. 当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮current 43. adj. 足够的;充足的sufficient 44. n.肥皂___soap _____________ 45. n.毛巾;抹布___towel___________ 46. n.微波炉______microwave_________ 47. n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的组织)_____tissue __________ 48. n.设施;设备______facility _________ 49. adj.热衷的;渴望的____keen___________ 50. n.地球;世界;地球仪___globe____________ 51. vt.＆vi.论证;争辩;争论____argue ___________ 52. n.争论;争吵;论点_____argument__________ 53. adj.致命的;灾难性的___fatal ____________ 54. adj. 肤浅的;浅的____shallow ___________ 55. 导致;造成____result in___________ 56. n.模式;图案;模范______pattern_________ 57. n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果______analysis_________ 58. 所以;结果(是)____as a result___________adj.高端的__high- end ____________ 59. n.监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测;监控__monitor_________ 60. adv.经常;定期地_regularly ______________ 61. adj.定期的;经常的;正常的regular 62. n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫_foam_________________________ 63. n.枕头__pillow_____________ 64. n.智能手机__smartphone_________ 65. n.资源;财力;物力__resource___________ 66. adj.有限的limited 67. 提供生活所需___provide for sb _______________________ 68. adj.结尾的;结束的n.停业;关闭;倒闭__closing ___________ 69. 最后_in closing____________ 70. n.神秘事物;迷__mystery___________ 71. 用完;耗尽_run out____________ 72. vt.系;綁;贴__attach____________ 73. n.氧;氧气___oxygen _________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Step2 重难点 1. mental adj.【只用于名词前】思想上；精神上；脑力的adv.精神上/智力上/思想上: _mentally_→ n. 心态；思想方法/menˈtæləti/ mentality 同义词_spiritual / inner 反义词 __physical___ 【搭配】 脑力劳动：mental labour ; 心理健康：mental health; 精神病：mental illness 身心地：mentally and physically；身心健康：mental and physical health 【运用】 1) Colors affect us in numerous ways,  both mentally and physically.  色彩在方方面面影响着我们，无论在心理上还是身体上。 2)Kobe Bryant的曼巴(Mamba)精神一直激励着全世界的年轻人。 Kobe Bryant’s Mamba Mentality has been inspiring the youngsters all over the world. 2. universe  /ˈju:nɪvɜ:s/  n. 意思: _宇宙，天地万物 （常与the连用）；→ adj.普遍存在的,通用的,共同的: universal → adv.普遍地；通用地：universally ; →n. 大学，综合大学：university 【搭配】 (1)普遍真理：a universal truth; (2) the moral universe 道德体系 【运用】 (1) Music is a universal language of mankind. 音乐是人类通用的语言。 There’s only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving and that’s your own self.(Translate) 茫茫世界唯有一芥之地你定能改善，那就是你自己。 3.determined adj.有决心的,意志坚定的 →v. 查明；确定；决定determine →n.决心,果断；确定：determination 【搭配】 (1)下定决心做某事：be determined to do... = determine to do... (2) 对……事儿有决心：be determined that... = determine that... (3)决定（做）某事：determine on/upon (doing) sth (4) 坚定的眼神：a determined look 【运用】 (1) That night, being a determined boy, I determined to/was determined to carry on with the work on the farm或determined on/upon carrying on with the work on the farm and help pay family expenses.(2021·浙江，读后续写) 那天晚上，作为一名意志坚定的男孩，我决定继续在农场工作，帮助支付家庭费用。 (2) Only if you have enough determination and self-discipline can you overcome the current difficulty. 只有当你有足够的决心和自律时你才能克服现在的困难。 (2) She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神--表明她是不会改变主意的。 4. launch  /lɔ:ntʃ/ vt.&n. 一词多义 1. They plan to launch the rocket next year. __发射火箭____ 2. The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000. 发起一项活动 3. The company hopes to launch the new product by next October. 投放/推出 新产品 4.When Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. 创办自己的网站 5. The soldiers launched the lifeboat immediately to rescue the drowning boy. 使（船，尤其指新船）下水 【运用】 (1)由SpaceX公司发射的卫星中，有一些甚至比一本书还小。 Some of the satellites launched by SpaceX are even smaller than a book. (2)In 1981, China sent three satellites into orbit with one single rocket launch, thus becoming the third country in the world to have mastered the “single rocket, multiple satellite” technology. 1981年，中国一次发射三颗卫星，成为世界上第三个掌握“一箭多星”技术的国家。 5.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 →vt.使失望/沮丧: disappoint →adj. 令人失望的disappointing → n. 失望；沮丧 disappointment 【同义词】depressed, frustrated, upset, gloomy, sad, blue 【搭配】 (1) 对……失望be disappointed at/about /with...; be disappointed that... (2) 因做某事而失望be disappointed to do sth. (3) 令某人失望的是(名词短语) to one’s disappointment 【运用】(读后续写之心理描写) (1) 感到失望和无助的，简跪了下去，悔恨的泪水从她的脸颊流淌了下来。 Disappointed and helpless,Jane knelt down，tears of regret streaming down her cheeks. (2) 我一看到我糟糕的成绩单，失望如同潮水般向我涌来。 The moment I saw my terrible school reports，disappointment began to flood in. (3) 令我非常失望的是，我父亲总是让我上交我所挣的所有的钱。(2021·浙江，读后续写) →To my great disappointment, my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned. → What disappointed me most / What made me most disappointed was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned. 6. desire  /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/  n. 渴望，欲望；v.渴望→ adj.值得做的，值得拥有的；理想的desirable 【搭配】(1)渴望做…… desire to do... = have a desire to do...; (2)渴望某物 desire for sth. 【运用】译: (1)她对权力没有什么欲望。She has little desire for power. (2)阅读满足了我想继续学习的强烈渴望。Reading satisfies my strong desire to keep learning. (3) Tsinghua University is my desirable place for my further study. 清华大学是我未来学习的理想之地。 7.on board 在船上；在火车上；在飞机上 on board 分析并写出board的具体意思 (1)I am writing to apply for the position advertised on the board.告示牌 (2)We have launched a campaign to urge the board to raise the workers’ pay and conditions.委员会 (3)When his family fell on hard times，he was offered free room and board.伙食；膳食 (4)All the passengers must board the plane before 5 p．m. 登上飞机 【搭配】 登上飞机:(1)board a plane (2) go on board a plane(3) go aboard a plane. 【运用】辨析board, aboard; abroad; broad (1) Ladies and gentlemen! Welcome on ____board_________. (2) All ___aboard_______! The train is leaving! (3) Mike plan to go ___abroad_______ for his further study. (4) His ____broad_______ shoulders offer the baby a sense of comfort and safety. 8.signal vt&vi 标志着；标明；发信号； n.信号，标志 【搭配】交通信号灯traffic signals; (2)没有信号no signal; (3)危险的信号a dangerous signal (4)向某人发出信号signal to sb. (for...) (4)表明/标志/预示……signal sth/ that.... 【运用】译: (1) 他向路人拼命地发信号求助，但是没有人注意到。 He signalled to the passers-by wildly for help, but nobody noticed. (2) 铃声就意味着放学了。 The bell often signals the end of the school./The bell often signals that the school was over.  9.lack n. 缺乏；短缺(shortage); v.缺少，没有→ adj. 不足的，缺少的lacking; 【搭配】(1)因缺少……for lack of... (2) 缺乏...There is a lack of... (3)分别用lack/lacking表达“某人缺乏……”sb lack sth ; sb be lacking in... 【运用】译: (1) 缺乏教学经验使我处于劣势。 A lack of sufficient teaching experience puts me at a disadvantage. ＝Lacking sufficient teaching experience puts me at a disadvantage. ＝Being lacking in sufficient teaching experience puts me at a disadvantage. (2) 由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎弄得厨房乱七八糟。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) For lack of cooking experience，the twins made the kitchen in a mess.(for lack of) 10. beyond  prep. 在更远处，超出…… 【搭配】(1)难以形容beyond description(2)失去控制 beyond control (3)无法修理beyond repair （4）难以置信 beyond belief (5)认不出来 beyond recognition (6)超出…的范围 beyond the reach of / beyond one’s reach (7)对某人来说难以理解；对某人来说很难处理 beyond sb. 【运用】译： (1)山顶上的美景难以形容。The good view on the top of the hill is beyond description. (2)我无法理解人们是如何设计电脑游戏的。 How people design computer games is beyond me. (3)What I must tell you is that such matters are beyond the reach of the law. 我必须告诉你的是这样的事不受法律的管辖。 11.current /ˈkʌrənt/ adj.当前的，现在的； n. 水流，电流；思潮 →adv 现时；当前 currently → [C] n通货；货币；支付手段 currency 【搭配】 (1) 现任总统current president(2)流通的货币current money (3)时事current affairs/events (4)电流an electrical current(5)气流/洋流air current /ocean current (6)顺应/违背时代潮流go with/against the current of the times 【运用】 译：(1)这些发展可能会使我们目前的问题变得更糟。 These developments are likely to make our current problems much worse. （2）改革目前的教育体制将是一个艰难的过程。 Reforming the current education system will be a difficult process. 12.figure out 分析并写出figure out的具体意思 (1) It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment. 弄明白 (understand) (2) Allen needs to sit down and figure out how many people are coming. 计算出 (work out) (3) We appreciate your apologies, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.找出 (find out) 【运用】译: I must figure out why I performed so badly in Math. Otherwise, I will fail the next exam. 我必须弄清楚为什么我数学学得这么差，否则，我下次考试就会不及格。   13.argue vt.&vi. 论证，争辩；争论 → n.争吵；争论；论点__argument_______ 【搭配】(1)就某事与某人争吵/争论 (分别写出动词和名词短语) argue with sb.about/over sth. = have an argument with sb.about/over sth. (2)赞成/反对…… argue for/against (3) 主张……，认为……argue that..._ (4)说服某人做/不做某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 【运用】 (1)They have argued _with___ each other for years __about/over__ the best way to grow potatoes. (2) I got into a heated ___argument______ (argue) with a friend. (3) When you present reasons why you believe in something, you argue ____for___ it. (4) The main argument _____against_______ smoking is that it’s bad for your health. (5) I am writing the letter in the hope of arguing you out of being addicted to online games any longer.我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于线上游戏了。 14. result   n. 后果；结果；成绩；vi.因……而发生；因……而产生 【搭配】 动词搭配：(1) 导致/造成……（的结果）: result in.... = cause... / lead to.../contribute to... (2) 由……造成；起因于：result from... = arise from... = root in... 名词搭配：(1) 结果是……/所以……：as a result, ... （2）由于……/作为……的结果：as a result of... 【运用】 翻译：缺乏自信导致他在面试中失败。（上面的 四个短语 填空） A lack of confidence resulted in_ his failure in the job interview. ＝His failure in the job interview_resulted from_ a lack of confidence. ＝_As a result of a lack of confidence，he failed in the job interview. ＝He lacked confidence，and as a result，，he failed in the job interview. 15.pattern  /ˈpæt(ə)n/ n.模式；图案；模范 【搭配】 (1) 句型：sentence pattern (2) 行为模式：pattern of behaviour (3) 点状图案: a pattern of dots (4) 为……树立模范/典范：set the pattern for... 【同义词】 __mode, design, , 【运用】 选择正确的pattern释义 a. 模式;方式;形式 b. 模型;纸样 c. 图案;花样 d. 模范;榜样 (1) This shirt has a black and white striped（有条纹的）pattern. c. (2) This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep. a (3) The book set the pattern for over 40 similar historical romances. d. (4) She bought a dress pattern and some material. b. 16.regular  /ˈreɡjələ(r)/  adj. 定期的，经常的；正常的→ adv. 经常；定期地_regularly_ 【搭配】(1)定期：___on a regular basis___; (2) 常客/忠实读者：regular customers/readers (3)稳定的工作：a regular job 【运用】 (1) A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercise regularly /take regular exercise（经常锻炼）. (2) he couldn’t find any __regular job___ （固定的工作）. (3) Hanna is a kind-hearted girl, who __pays regular visits__ （定期拜访）to homeless people. (4) 译：这些设备(facilities)应该定期检查。These facilities should be checked on a regular basis. 17.resource /rɪˈsɔ: s/ n. 【常用复数】资源；财力；物力 【搭配】 (1) 自然资源：natural resources (2) 人力资源_ human resources ___ (3) 财力：__financial resources_ 【运用】resource, source (1) Local authorities complained that they lacked _resources_ to develop economy. (2) Your local library will be a useful _source_ of information.  译：(3)在线英语学习论坛(forum)是非常有用的学习资源。 _Online English-learning forums can be a very useful learning resource._____ (4)Aggressive wildlife control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources. （2019浙江卷-翻译划线部分） 积极的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里长满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源。 (5)I had several children and books were our main source of entertainment. (2020新课标II阅读-翻译划线部分) 我有几个孩子，读书是我们主要的乐趣来源。 18.attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 系；绑；贴 →adj. 附着的；喜欢的，依恋的_attached_ → n. 附件；附属品attachment_ 【搭配】 (1) 把A贴/粘/系B上：attach A to B; → A be attached to B 注：be attached to... 还有“对……依恋/对……的爱恋” (2) 重视：attach importance/significance to.... 【运用】 (1) Usually, packets of cigarettes come with an official health warning ___attached___ to them. (2) I’ll email my report to you as an _attachment_______. (3) 译：我在申请表上贴了一张照片。 _I attached a photo to my application form.___ (4) 译：家长们非常重视孩子的教育。 _Parents attach great/much importance to their kid’s education._   $