2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项拔高练习：外刊英语汇编阅读（C+D 篇专项练习）

**基本信息** 2027届高三英语一轮复习阅读理解专练，精选外刊C+D篇科普素材（高温脑雾、泄愤式健身等），聚焦细节理解、推理判断等题型，适配一轮专项突破需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|16题（4篇×4题）|细节理解（如高温脑雾成因）、推理判断（如运动对愤怒影响差异）、词义猜测（如“fire on all cylinders”）、主旨大意（如人类记忆不完美性）|外刊科普素材（健康/心理/生物领域），问题设计梯度分明，贴合高考真题对思维品质与语言能力的考查要求。|

2027届高三英语一轮复习阅读理解专练 外刊英语汇编阅读（C+D 篇专项练习） 语篇目录： Test 1 1. Passage C：健康科普——高温引发脑雾的科学原理 2. Passage D：心理科普——泄愤式健身无法缓解愤怒 Test 2 1. Passage C：（认知科普）——人类记忆的不完美与遗忘的价值 2. Passage D：（生物科普）——人类作息模式的学术争议 阅读试题 Test 1 Passage C（高温引发脑雾） Ever feel that summer sun makes you feel a bit dopey? Soaring temperatures slow our thought processes, turning simple daily tasks into a baffling ordeal. What happens inside our brains in hot weather? The answer lies in the extra work our brain and body do to keep cool. The brain and body keep communicating constantly. When outdoor temperatures rise, skin-surface thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, our brain’s temperature control centre. It coordinates physical responses to keep our core temperature around 37°C, which matters greatly for metabolism, enzyme activity and other vital body functions. To cool down in heat, the body diverts blood to the skin, flattens hairs and sweats. However, the energy spent cooling ourselves leaves less brain capacity for cognitive work requiring continuous thought and focus. This effect becomes more obvious when we exercise, since working muscles produce extra heat and burden the cooling system. High heat also changes how neurons function. Neurons depend on electric currents and chemical neurotransmitters. These processes rely on enzymes, proteins and ion movement — all sensitive to temperature. Once beyond a certain limit, the delicate balance breaks down, affecting memory, decision-making and concentration. Dehydration is another factor. Heavy sweating causes fluid loss. Without enough water, the cardiovascular system struggles to deliver blood to organs including the brain. Dehydration reduces cerebral blood flow, disturbs neuron function and breaks electrolyte balance, weakening brain performance. Besides, hot weather harms sleep. It’s harder to fall asleep, and deep restorative sleep becomes shorter. Poor sleep damages attention and memory, worsening heat-induced brain fog. Heat effects differ individually. We can ease brain fog by staying cool and drinking enough water. While it’s frustrating when our brains just don’t fire on all cylinders on hot days, just remember that the dull feeling is only temporary and improves once we cool down. 1.Why does hot weather slow our thinking? A. The hypothalamus fails to receive signals. B. Cooling the body takes up part of brain’s cognitive resources. C. Our core temperature quickly drops below 37℃. D. Neurons stop producing enzymes under high temperatures. 2.What contributes to brain fog indirectly according to the text? A. Reduced skin blood flow B. Disturbed sleep C. Lower sweating rate D. Improved electrolyte balance 3.What does the underlined phrase “fire on all cylinders” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Working at full capacity B. Becoming overheated C. Losing energy rapidly D. Suffering brain injury 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. Ways to protect ourselves from high temperature. B. How dehydration damages our brain function. C. Reasons why hot weather causes brain fog. D. How our body controls core temperature. Passage D（泄愤式健身） Taking a deep breath to calm anger is classic advice. Recently many people turn to rage workouts: smashing tires with sledgehammers or hitting punching bags. It seems win-win to release anger through exercise. But experts argue rage workouts lack scientific support. Dr. Kjærvik and Dr. Bushman reviewed 154 studies involving over 10,000 participants. They compared calming activities like yoga and deep breathing with high-heart-rate activities such as jogging and boxing. Calming activities effectively reduced anger and aggression across ages and cultures. Activities raising alertness failed to ease anger and sometimes made it worse. When angry, our body enters “fight-or-flight” mode with faster heart rate and released adrenaline. Calming activities slow heart rate and help exit this state. On the contrary, intense exercise keeps the body highly aroused instead of calming it down. Still, the conclusion is not absolute. Ball sports help reduce anger, probably because they are fun, social and distracting. Jogging may keep anger high as it keeps you thinking about what upset you. In one experiment, angry volunteers did either rowing or combat training. Only rowing calmed anger. Fight-like movements maintain aggressive feelings while non-combat movements help release them. Anger triggers adrenaline and reduces the sense of tiredness for a short time, but it cannot create superhuman strength. It only lets us briefly approach our normal physical limit. Exercise benefits heart health, yet it is a poor tool to manage anger and may extend negative feelings. Next time you get furious, choose gentle calming activities and save hard workouts for peaceful moments. 5.Which activity helps reduce anger according to the research? A. Hitting punching bags B. Playing volleyball C. Practicing combat routines D. Jogging alone 6.What can we infer from the text? A. Anger can give people superhuman strength for a short period. B. Not all physical exercises have the same influence on anger. C. Deep breathing can completely stop the release of adrenaline. D. High-intensity exercise always makes anger much worse. 7.Why do fight-like movements fail to calm anger? A. They remind people of aggressive feelings. B. They lower people’s heart rate rapidly. C. They reduce the level of adrenaline. D. They make people easily tired. 8.What is Dr. Bushman’s attitude toward rage workouts? A. Approving B. Cautious C. Negative D. Uncertain Test 2 Passage C（人类记忆并非完美照相记忆） Many stories describe characters with photographic memory, which can record everything perfectly like a video camera. Yet human memory does not work this way. Gabrielle Principe, a psychologist, often asks students to draw a penny from memory, and almost none succeed. A small number of children have eidetic imagery, allowing them to picture objects after they disappear. However, such mental images are imperfect and short-lived. Even people with amazing memories still forget things, and forgetting is not a flaw. Our brain cannot store every detail. If it did, useless information would crowd our mind and prevent us from recalling important events. Our memories are closely connected with moods. People tend to forget negative experiences faster, which is good for emotional health. We also tend to forget events that conflict with our self-image. What we remember is not a perfect record. Memories can be false. When recalling memories, our brain activates different brain areas. Sometimes we mix up real events with dreams or imagination. Even those with highly superior autobiographical memory are not free from mistakes. Most false memories are harmless. But when it comes to crime cases, false memories may lead to unfair judgments. Forgetting makes space for valuable memories. Although our memories fade with time, they can still bring us warm feelings. 1.What can we know about eidetic imagery? A. It creates permanent perfect mental images. B. It is mostly seen in children. C. It proves memory works like a video recorder. D. It helps people recall their birth experience. 2.Why does the author think forgetting is beneficial? A. It helps us remove useless information and keep emotional balance. B. It makes it easier for us to recall unimportant details. C. It prevents us from forming false memories completely. D. It helps people develop a better self-image. 3.What does the underlined word “flaw” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. advantage B. mistake C. puzzle D. target 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. Fictional characters with perfect memory inspire scientists. B. False memories usually cause serious problems in criminal cases. C. Human memory is imperfect and forgetting serves a purpose. D. Our memories are mainly shaped by our feelings. Passage D（人类：昼行性还是昼夜均行性） Humans are commonly regarded as diurnal, active mainly in daytime. But research on hunter-gatherers shows they stay active at night instead of sleeping right after sunset. David Samson believes humans may be cathemeral — spreading activities across the whole 24-hour cycle, similar to some lemurs. The term cathemeral was created to describe lemurs active both day and night. Samson collected activity data recorded by wrist accelerometers. To avoid the influence of modern electricity, he chose Hadza people in Tanzania as subjects. They live in simple shelters without artificial light. Data showed Hadza people were much more active at night than gibbons, typical diurnal animals, and their activity pattern was close to cathemeral lemurs. Samson built an evolutionary model and found human sleep-wake rhythm developed under special environmental pressure. Humans use shelter, fire and other tools (called SHELL) to stay active at night, which protects us from risks of breaking natural circadian rhythms. However, Kathleen Reinhardt holds a different opinion. She agrees human sleep is flexible, but argues humans remain mainly diurnal. She points out that cathemerality requires meaningful behaviours like feeding and travelling in both day and night. Simple night movement, recorded by accelerometers, is not enough to prove humans are cathemeral. Still, Reinhardt admits humans are not limited to fixed sleep rhythms. Studies show lifestyle changes such as electricity supply can shift people’s sleep time within a short period. 5.Why did Samson choose Hadza people for his research? A. They share the same sleep pattern with gibbons. B. Their living environment has no artificial light. C. They are good at observing animal behaviours. D. They hardly carry out activities after dark. 6.What can we infer about SHELL? A. It removes humans’ natural biological clock. B. It helps reduce risks when humans stay active at night. C. It makes people mainly active after sunset. D. It was invented by Reinhardt for research. 7.What is Reinhardt’s attitude toward Samson’s conclusion? A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Uninterested D. Favorable 8.What is the text mainly about? A. Different kinds of animal activity patterns. B. The influence of environment on human sleep. C. Debate over whether humans are cathemeral. D. Methods of studying human sleep rhythms. 参考答案 + 详解 Test 1 Passage C 1.答案：B 【题型】细节理解 【定位】Para.3 However, the energy spent cooling ourselves leaves less brain capacity for cognitive work requiring continuous thought and focus. 【解析】身体散热消耗大脑资源，留给认知思考的容量变少。A 错，下丘脑接收信号；C 错，目标核心体温 37℃；D 错，不是停止产生酶，只是酶受温度影响。 2.答案：B 【题型】推理判断 【定位】Para.6 Besides, hot weather harms sleep. It’s harder to fall asleep, and deep restorative sleep becomes shorter. Poor sleep damages attention and memory, worsening heat-induced brain fog. 【解析】高温→睡眠被干扰→睡眠差加重脑雾。睡眠受损属于间接因素。其余选项均和原文相反。 3.答案：A 【题型】词义猜测 【定位】Para.6 While it’s frustrating when our brains just don’t fire on all cylinders on hot days, just remember that the dull feeling is only temporary and improves once we cool down. 【解析】语境：高温会让大脑运转迟钝、状态不佳，降温后脑力可恢复。固定习语 “fire on all cylinders” 表示（大脑、机器）全力高效运转。B（过热）、C（快速耗能）、D（脑损伤）均与语境无关。 4.答案：C 【题型】主旨大意 【定位】全文，开篇设问 What happens inside our brains in hot weather? 后文依次列举 4 个原因：抢占认知资源、神经元失衡、脱水、睡眠受损。 【解析】文章解释高温造成脑雾的多重原因。A 是文末建议，不是主旨；B、D 仅为局部细节。 Passage D 5.答案：B 【题型】细节理解 【定位】Para.4 Ball sports help reduce anger, probably because they are fun, social and distracting. 【解析】排球属于球类运动。A 击打沙袋、C 格斗训练、D 独自慢跑都会维持或加剧愤怒。 6.答案：B 【题型】推理判断 【定位】Para.4 Still, the conclusion is not absolute. Ball sports help reduce anger…Jogging may keep anger high…Only rowing calmed anger. Fight-like movements maintain aggressive feelings while non-combat movements help release them. 【解析】原文明确体现不同运动对情绪的影响存在差异：球类、划船可缓解愤怒，慢跑、搏击类运动易加剧愤怒、维持攻击性情绪。A错误，原文明确否定愤怒能催生超能力；C错误，文中无“完全停止肾上腺素分泌”的绝对表述；D错误，always过于绝对，并非所有高强度运动都会加重愤怒。 7.答案：A 【题型】细节理解 【定位】Para.4 Fight-like movements maintain aggressive feelings while non-combat movements help release them. 【解析】模拟搏击的对抗性动作会持续唤醒、维持人体的攻击性情绪，无法消解愤怒。B、C与原文“愤怒会升高心率、增加肾上腺素”相悖；D原文未提及运动疲劳相关内容。 8.答案：C 【题型】观点态度 【定位】Para.1 But experts argue rage workouts lack scientific support. 以及末段 Exercise benefits heart health, yet it is a poor tool to manage anger and may extend negative feelings. 【解析】Bushman 认为泄愤健身没有科学依据，不利于平息愤怒，态度是negative（否定的）。 Test 2 Passage C 1.答案：B 【题型】细节理解 【定位】Para.2 A small number of children have eidetic imagery, allowing them to picture objects after they disappear. However, such mental images are imperfect and short-lived. 【解析】A 错，图像不完美且短暂；C 错，推翻录像式记忆；D 无原文依据。 2.答案：A 【题型】推理判断 【定位】Para.3 Our brain cannot store every detail. If it did, useless information would crowd our mind and prevent us from recalling important events…People tend to forget negative experiences faster, which is good for emotional health. 【解析】遗忘清理无用信息，同时有利于情绪健康，维持情绪平衡。B 错，不是更容易回忆不重要细节；C “completely” 绝对；D 无依据。 3.答案：B 【题型】词义猜测 【定位】Para.2 Even people with amazing memories still forget things, and forgetting is not a flaw. 【解析】句意：即便是记忆力超强的人也会遗忘，而遗忘并非一种缺陷。flaw 在此处意为“瑕疵、不足、过错”，与 mistake 语义高度契合。advantage（优势）、puzzle（谜题）、target（目标）均与语境不符。 4.答案：C 【题型】主旨大意 【定位】全文。首段否定照相式记忆；第二段提出遗忘不是缺陷；后文说明记忆可出错、遗忘有价值。 【解析】文章核心：人类记忆并不完美，遗忘具备积极作用。A、B 为局部例子；D 只是段落细节。 Passage D 5.答案：B 【题型】细节理解 【定位】Para.2 To avoid the influence of modern electricity, he chose Hadza people in Tanzania as subjects. They live in simple shelters without artificial light. 【解析】选择哈扎人的核心原因：生活环境没有人工照明，排除现代电力干扰。A/C/D 均与原文相反。 6.答案：B 【题型】推理判断 【定位】Para.3 Humans use shelter, fire and other tools (called SHELL) to stay active at night, which protects us from risks of breaking natural circadian rhythms. 【解析】SHELL 这套工具降低人类夜间活动带来的生存风险。A 错，不会移除生物钟；C、D 信息错误。 7.答案：A 【题型】观点态度 【定位】Para.4 However, Kathleen Reinhardt holds a different opinion. She agrees human sleep is flexible, but argues humans remain mainly diurnal…Simple night movement, recorded by accelerometers, is not enough to prove humans are cathemeral. 【解析】Reinhardt 不认可 Samson 的结论，认为现有证据不足以证明人类是昼夜均行生物，态度是 doubtful（怀疑的）。 8.答案：C 【题型】主旨大意 【定位】全文。开篇引出 Samson 观点；继而介绍研究；随后 Reinhardt 提出反对观点。 【解析】整篇围绕一个学术争议：人类是否属于昼夜均行性生物。A、B、D 只是文中局部信息。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $