Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

本讲义以《小王子》选段为核心阅读材料，构建“课前导入—速读梳理—精读领悟—语言应用”的学习支架，涵盖细节理解、词汇语法及批判性思维训练，前后环节层层递进，助力学生系统掌握语篇分析与语言运用能力。 该资料以文学经典为载体，融合语言能力（如“devote oneself to”等短语及“have+宾语+宾补”句型讲解）、思维品质（如“儿童与成人隔阂”的批判性问题）与文化意识（童真与成人世界的对比），课中通过任务链提升理解与表达，课后练习题及词汇拓展帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，有效促进核心素养发展。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension 第一步　课前导入•激趣启思 Look at the pictures below， and then answer the following questions． 1.What’s the name of the book？ The little Prince． 2.What’s the story about？ A young prince visits various planets in space， including Earth．It expresses loneliness， friendship， love， and loss．Despite its style as a children’s book， The Little Prince makes observations about life and human nature． 第二步　速读课文•理清脉络 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks． 第三步　精读课文•领悟细节 Task 1：Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers． 1.Why did the author want to make his first drawing？ （　　） A．Because he was interested in drawing． B．Because of a magnificent picture in a book． C．Because he dreamed of being a painter． D．Because he wanted to have his own masterpiece． 2.What did the grown－ups think of his first drawing？ （　　） A．It was a hat． B．It was frightening． C．It was a boa constrictor．　 D．It was a masterpiece． 3.What was the response of the grown－ups to the second drawing？（　　） A．They thought the picture was a hat． B．They advised him to put aside the drawing． C．They advised him to draw from the inside to the outside． D．They showed great admiration for the picture of him． 4.Why did the author choose the profession pilot instead of painter？（　　） A．Because he thought he was not good at drawing． B．Because he was interested in becoming a pilot rather than drawing． C．Because he was influenced by the response of the grown－ups． D．Because he wanted to fly a little over all parts of the world． 5.According to the last paragraph， what can be inferred？（　　） A．The author was so disappointed at the response of all clear－sighted to the first drawing． B．The author was pleased to share the first drawing with all clear－sighted． C．The author was unwilling to talk about the first drawing with all clear－sighted． D．The author was willing to talk about bridge， and golf， and politics with all clear－sighted． 答案：1－5　BABCA Task 2：Think creatively and critically and answer the questions． Why does a gap always exist between children and the grown－ups？ In my opinion， the grown－ups have gone through many years’ social life and their innocence has been smoothed． 第四步　课文融通•学以致用 　　根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　I saw a magnificent picture in a book，1.called （call） True Stories from Nature， about the primeval forest when I was at the age of 6.It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of 2.swallowing （swallow） an animal．So I began to draw my picture． 　　My Drawing Number One was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting 3.an elephant， but the grown－ups believed it to be a hat．My Drawing Number Two was about the inside of the boa constrictor， so that the grown－ups could see it 4.clearly （clear）．However， the grown－ups advised me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors and devote myself instead 5.to other fields．That is 6.why I gave up painting when I was 6 years old．I think many people lack 7.imagination （imagine） and only care about matters of consequence． 　　Later， I 8.chose （choose） to work as a pilot．In the course of this life， whenever I met one grown－up who seemed 9.to be （be） clear－sighted， I showed my Drawing Number One to him．If the person thought that was a hat， I would never talk to him about boa constrictors， or primeval forests， or stars．I would bring myself down to his level．And the grown－up would be greatly 10.pleased （please） to have met such a sensible man． The Little Prince 　　Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book，［1］ called True Stories from Nature， about the primeval forest①． It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of② swallowing an animal．Here is a copy of the drawing． 　　In the book it said：“Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole， without chewing it．After that they are not able to move， and they sleep through the six months ［2］ that they need for digestion．” 　　I pondered deeply， then， over③ the adventures of the jungle．And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in④ making my first drawing．My Drawing Number One．It looked like this： 　　I showed my masterpiece to the grown－ups， and asked them ［3］whether the drawing frightened them．　 　　But they answered：“Frighten？ Why should anyone be frightened by a hat？” 　　My drawing was not a picture of a hat．It was a picture of a boa constrictor ［4］digesting an elephant．But ［5］since the grown－ups were not able to understand it， I made another drawing：I drew the inside of the boa constrictor， ［6］so that the grown－ups could see it clearly．They always need to ［7］ have things explained．My Drawing Number Two looked like this： 　　［8］The grown－ups’ response， this time， was to advise me to lay aside⑤ my drawings of boa constrictors， whether from the inside or the outside， and devote myself instead to⑥ geography， history， arithmetic and grammar． ［9］That is why， at the age of six， I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter． I had been disheartened by⑦ the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two． Grown－ups never understand anything by themselves， and［10］it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them． 　　【释疑难】　［1］过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a book。 　　［2］that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the six months，that在从句中作宾语。 　　［3］whether引导宾语从句，作ask的直接宾语。 　　［4］动词－ing短语作后置定语，修饰a boa constrictor。 　　［5］since引导原因状语从句。 　　［6］so that引导目的状语从句。 　　［7］此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中过去分词explained作宾语补足语。 　　［9］why引导表语从句；what引导宾语从句。 　　［10］it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to be always and forever explaining things to them作真正的主语。 【赏靓点】　［8］句是一个包含复杂宾语的长句。lay aside（搁置）和devote myself to（致力于）构成了鲜明的动作对比，生动地展现了大人们用极其现实、功利的态度扼杀了孩子的想象力和艺术天赋。 Paras.1－7 1.语块翻译 ①原始森林 ②正在做…… ③仔细考虑 ④成功做某事 ⑤把……搁置一边 ⑥致力于……；专心于…… ⑦因……而灰心/丧气 2.靓词 （1）masterpiece （Para.4） 赏析：名词masterpiece意为“杰作”。在这里，作者用这个词表达了6岁的孩子对作品的自信和自豪，但与下文大人们将其误认为是“帽子”形成强烈反差，带有一种天真的幽默感和淡淡的讽刺。 （2）tiresome （Para.7） 赏析：形容词tiresome意为“令人厌烦的”。相比boring，该词更侧重于心理上的疲惫和无奈，生动地刻画了孩子面对缺乏想象力的大人时的那种挫败感。 　　So then I chose another profession， and learned to pilot airplanes．I have flown a little over all parts of the world； and it is true that geography has been very useful to me． At a glance⑧ I can distinguish China from Arizona⑨． If one gets lost in the night， such knowledge is valuable． 　　In the course of⑩ this life， I have had a great many encounters with a great many people ［11］who have been concerned with⑪ matters of consequence．I have lived a great deal among grown－ups．I have seen them intimately，close at hand⑫． And that hasn’t much improved my opinion of them． 　　［12］Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear－sighted， I tried the experiment of showing him my Drawing Number One， which I have always kept． I would try to find out， so， if this was a person of true understanding． But， ［13］whoever it was， he， or she， would always say： 　　“That is a hat．” 　　Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors， or primeval forests， or stars． I would bring myself down to his level．［14］I would talk to him about bridge， and golf， and politics ， and neckties．And the grown－up would be greatly pleased to⑬ have met such a sensible man． 　　（Excerpt from The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint－Exupéry） 　　【释疑难】　［11］who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a great many people。 　　［12］Whenever引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰代词them；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Drawing Number One。 　　［13］whoever引导让步状语从句。 　　【赏靓点】　［14］句运用了排比和多重连词（即重复使用and）的修辞手法。通过罗列“桥牌、高尔夫、政治、领带”这些典型的成人话题，强调了这些话题的枯燥、乏味以及成人世界的空虚与千篇一律。 Paras.8－12 1.语块翻译 ⑧一瞥，看一眼 ⑨ 区分中国和亚利桑那州 ⑩ 在……的过程中 ⑪ 关心；与……有关 ⑫ 在附近，近在咫尺 ⑬ 很高兴做某事 2.熟词生义 intimately （Para.9） 熟义：adv．亲密地 文中义：adv．密切地；深入了解地 参考译文 小王子 我六岁的时候在一本书里看到了一张非常震撼的图片。书的名字是《大自然的真实故事》，讲的是原始森林。那张图片上有一条蟒蛇正在吞掉一只动物。这是那张图片的摹本： 　　书上写着：“蟒蛇把猎物整个吞下，完全不咀嚼。在这之后，它们就动不了了，它们在六个月的睡眠中消化食物。” 　　那个时候，我深深地思考着原始丛林里的奇遇。我用一支彩色铅笔，成功画出了我的第一幅画作。我的“一号画作”是这样的： 　　我把我的杰作给大人们看，问他们有没有被我的画吓到。 　　但他们回答说：“吓到？为什么有人会被一顶帽子吓到？” 　　我画的不是帽子，而是一条正在消化一头大象的蟒蛇。但由于大人们没有看懂，我又画了一幅：我画出了蟒蛇身体的内部，这样大人们就能看清楚了。所有事情都非要你跟他们解释清楚他们才能懂。我的“二号画作”是这样的： 　　这次，大人们的回答是建议我把不管是蟒蛇内部还是外部的画都放到一边，然后转而专心学习地理、历史、算术和语法。那就是为什么在我六岁的时候，我放弃了可能会十分辉煌的画家职业道路。“一号画作”和“二号画作”的失败使我心灰意冷。大人们从来没法自己弄懂任何事情，小孩永远要给他们解释是很辛苦的。 　　所以后来我选了另一个职业，我开始学习驾驶飞机。世界上每个地方我差不多都去过；地理对我确实很有用。我一眼就能分辨中国和亚利桑那州。如果晚上迷路了，这样的知识很有价值。 　　在生命历程中，我多次遇到过很多关心大事的人。我在大人们之中生活了很久。我密切地观察过他们，近在咫尺地看过。然而我对他们的看法还是没有改观。 　　每一次我遇到一个看上去头脑完全清楚的大人，我都会给他看我一直带着的“一号画作”，想看看这个人是不是能真正地理解。但是，不论这个人是谁，他（她）总是会说： 　　“那是顶帽子。” 　　然后我就不再跟那个人聊任何有关蟒蛇、原始森林或是星星的事情了。我就会把自己降低到他的层次，跟他聊桥梁、高尔夫、政治、领带。而这个大人就会很高兴能遇到这样一个明智的人。 　　（节选自安托万•德•圣埃克苏佩里的《小王子》） Part Ⅱ　Language points Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.the primeval forest原始森林 2.devote myself to arithmetic　　专心学习算术 3.feel disheartened 　　感到沮丧 4.a golf club　　一个高尔夫球俱乐部 5.wear a blue necktie　　系着一条蓝色的领带 6.international airlines　　国际航空公司 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.chew the food thoroughly　　彻底地咀嚼食物 2.ponder over the problem　　深思这个问题 3.a literary masterpiece　　一部文学杰作 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①digest food easily　　轻松消化食物 ②digest the passage quickly　　快速理解这篇文章 2.①swallow the medicine　　咽下药物 ②be swallowed by the waves　　被海浪淹没 3.①hunt for its prey　　寻找它的猎物 ②prey on small insects　　捕食小昆虫 4.①a close family bond　　亲密的家庭纽带 ②bond the two parts together　　把这两个部分黏合在一起 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.digestion n．消化（过程）→digest v．消化（食物） 2.tiresome adj．烦人的，令人厌烦的→tire v．（使）疲劳，疲倦→tired adj．疲倦的；厌烦的→tiring adj．令人困倦的；使人疲劳的 3.consequence n．后果→consequent adj．随之发生的，作为结果的→consequently adv．因此，所以，结果 4.intimately adv．亲密地；密切地→intimate adj．亲密的；密切的 5.politics n．政治→political adj．政治的；党派的→politician n．政治家，政客 6.evidence n．证据→evident adj．明白的；明显的 7.memorable adj．难忘的→memory n．记忆，记忆力→memorize v．记住，记忆 8.conclusion n．结论→conclude v．推断出，断定，得出结论 【构词法】 1.动词＋后缀－some构成形容词 ①awe→awesome可怕的 ②bother→bothersome　　令人厌恶的；麻烦的 ③burden→burdensome　　难以负担的；沉重的 ④quarrel→quarrelsome　　爱争吵的 2.形容词（去t）＋后缀－ce构成名词 ①confident→confidence　　自信 ②important→importance　　重要性 ③convenient→convenience　　方便 ④absent→absence　　缺席 Ⅴ．短语互译 1.at a glance　　一瞥，看一眼 2.devote oneself to　　致力于，献身于 3.lay aside　　把……搁置一边；放下，抛开 4.be obsessed with　　沉迷于 5.in the course of　　在……过程中 Ⅵ．句型填空 1.句型公式：过去分词短语作后置定语 教材原句：Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book， called True Stories from Nature，about the primeval forest． 我六岁的时候在一本书里看到了一张非常震撼的图片。书的名字是《大自然的真实故事》，讲的是原始森林。 2.句型公式：whether引导宾语从句 教材原句：I showed my masterpiece to the grown－ups，and asked them whether the drawing frightened them． 我把我的杰作给大人们看，问他们有没有被我的画吓到。 3.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：They always need to have things explained． 所有事情都非要你跟他们解释清楚他们才能慬。 4.句型公式：This/That is why ．．．这/那就是为什么…… 教材原句：That is why， at the age of six， I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter． 那就是为什么在我六岁的时候，我放弃了可能会十分辉煌的画家职业道路。 写作词汇集释 1.devote oneself to 致力于，献身于（to是介词）→devoted adj．忠实的；忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n．奉献；致力；忠诚 教材原句　①．．．and devote myself instead to geography， history， arithmetic and grammar． ……然后转而专心学习地理、历史、算术和语法。 ②（译林选必二）Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster， Higher， Stronger”， many well－known athletes， both male and female， have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement． 在原先奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多知名的男女运动员力争取得卓越的体育成绩并不断突破人类成就的极限。 【用法】 devote ．．．to ．．．　 把……投入/奉献于…… be devoted to　　专心致志于；献身于；忠诚于 【佳句】　Huang Xuhua devoted himself to the research of nuclear submarines for decades， contributing greatly to China’s national defense． 黄旭华几十年投身于核潜艇研究，为中国的国防事业作出了巨大贡献。　（人物介绍） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The young teacher has devoted all her energy to teaching （teach） children in the remote mountain village． 【写美】　句式升级 ②The woman devotes herself to the research，so she has little time to go home． →Devoted to the research，the woman has little time to go home． （过去分词短语作状语） 2.conclusion n．结论→conclude v．（使）结束；推断出，断定，得出结论 教材原句　Conclusion and recommendation 结论与建议 【用法】 （1）in conclusion总之；最后 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion　　得出结论 jump to the conclusion that ．．．　　贸然断定…… （2）conclude （．．．） with ．．．以……结束（……） conclude from sth that ．．．从某事中推断出…… to conclude　　总之；最后 【佳句】　Obviously，we can draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others． 显然，我们可以得出结论：良好的举止来自礼貌和对他人的尊重。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He concluded from their remarks that they didn’t approve of the plan to hunt wild animals． ②She concluded her speech with a funny story， which made all the audience laugh． 【写美】　一句多译 ③（2025•全国一卷）总之，我相信这个新栏目将会取得巨大成功，并受到我们的欢迎。 →In conclusion， I believe this new column will be a great success and popular among us． →To conclude， I believe this new column will be a great success and popular among us． 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ．一词多义 阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 A．vt．消化　　　B．vt．理解；领悟 C．n．文摘；摘要 ①The report is very long， so I need some time to read and digest the information in it．　B　 ②This weekly magazine acts as a digest of the most important news stories from around the world．　C　 ③You should walk slowly after dinner because it helps your stomach to digest the food you have eaten．　A　 Ⅱ．熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义 1.I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness． v．吞没，淹没 2.Eagles often prey on small animals like rabbits and mice． v．捕食 3.The special glue can bond the broken pieces of the vase together． v．黏合 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　They always need to have things explained． 所有事情都非要你跟他们解释清楚他们才能慬。 【用法】 （1）have sth done使某事完成；遭遇某种（不幸的）事情；让别人做某事 have sb do sth　　让某人做某事 have sb doing sth　　使某人一直做某事 have sth to do　　有某事要做 （2）can’t/won’t have sb doing sth　　不能允许/容忍某人做某事 【佳句】　I noticed Sam had his arms crossed and that his face was red with anger． 我注意到萨姆双臂交叉，他的脸气得通红。　（神态描写） 【写美】　微写作 ①我写信是为了表示歉意，今天下午我必须去维修我的电脑。　（道歉信） I am writing to offer my apology that I must have my computer repaired this afternoon． ②上周日，我们学校让我们参加了一场五公里越野赛跑以增强体质。赛前，我们的班主任让我们每天早晨在操场跑步。 Last Sunday our school had us take part in a five－kilometer cross－country running race to build up our body． Before the race，our headteacher had us running on the playground every morning． 2.句型公式：This/That is why ．．．这/那就是为什么…… 教材原句　①That is why， at the age of six， I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter． 那就是为什么在我六岁的时候，我放弃了可能会十分辉煌的画家职业道路。 ②（译林选必二）That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service，it often launches a mass media advertising campaign． 那就是为什么当一家公司想要推销产品或服务时，往往会在大众传媒上发起一场广告活动。 【用法】 （1）This/That is/was why ．．． 这/那就是为什么……（why引导表语从句，表示结果） （2）It/That is/was because ．．． 这/那是因为……（because引导表语从句，表示原因） （3）The reason why ．．． is/was that ．．． ……的原因是……（why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因） 【佳句】　The reason why he couldn’t resist shedding tears was that he won the final game． 他忍不住流泪的原因是他赢得了最后的比赛。 【写美】　微写作/句型转换 ①他没能参加会议的原因是他的航班因为暴雨延误了。　（告知信） The reason why he failed to attend the meeting was that his flight was delayed because of the storm． ②The Earth looks blue from space because 71 percent of its surface is covered with water． →71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water． That is why it looks blue from space． →The reason why the Earth looks blue from space is that 71 percent of its surface is covered with water． 维度一：品句填词 1.The detective is looking for more evidence （证据） to find out the truth of the mysterious car accident． 2.Careless driving on the road can lead to terrible consequences（后果） for both the drivers and pedestrians． 3.The local museum is crowded with tourists who want to see those world－famous masterpieces （杰作） in person． 4.The eagle flew high in the sky， searching for its prey （猎物） hidden in the deep green grass． 5.It is a good habit to chew （咀嚼） each mouthful of food carefully to help your stomach digest better． 6.Working on this group project together has helped to create a long－lasting bond （纽带） among the teammates． 7.As Francis Bacon once said，“Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested．” 8.My daily routine includes studying， exercising， and spending time with my family． 9.The long meeting was so tiresome that everyone felt exhausted by the end． 10.As commercial air travel took off in the mid－20th century， airlines began to fly at higher altitudes to lower their costs． 维度二：词形转换 1.There is no clear evidence （evident） to support the idea that students should study until midnight． 2.Water， which regulates body temperature， delivers oxygen all over the body， and assists in digestion （digest）， making up more than 60% of the human body． 3.After months of study， the scientists reached the conclusion （conclude） that global warming is becoming more serious． 4.Being lost in the mountain will lead to serious consequences． Consequently，you had better think twice before you leave．（consequent） 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.Responsible and devoted to （致力于） community work， he is praised by the people around． 2.The map provided by the museum is so simple that you can find the exit at a glance （看一眼）． 3.Much of his early work is concerned with （与……有关） his childhood， reflecting the hardships and joys he experienced． 4.She always has a cup of water close at hand（在手边） when she’s working． 5.Every day， the busy girl tries to lay aside （留出） one hour for physical exercise to keep fit． 6.I feel much honoured to take the chance to have my voice heard （让大家听到我的声音）． 7.The rebuilding of the city will cost quite a lot， but it will benefit us in the long term （从长远来看）． 8.It was said that he was caught in the act of （在做……时） breaking into the house last night． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•江苏淮安期中）My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world．Within minutes of coming out， I was taken away into another room while doctors gave my parents the difficult news： I was born missing my left hand．This news would come to define the rest of my life， but thanks to a nurse’s intervention telling my parents to treat me normally．I had a relatively normal childhood．I played sports， acted in theater， excelled （出色） in school， participated in student government and had play dates with friends．Despite some stares and polite questions about my limb （肢体） difference， I wasn’t made fun of． 　　As kids do， I quickly learned to adapt， working around the “missing” hand．One of my earliest memories is my father trying to teach me to tie my shoes．His two handed method wouldn’t work for me， so I figured out a way to do it with one hand． 　　I started hiding disability on the first day of high school．I was 13， an age when kids are already very self－conscious．I remember getting on the yellow school bus and one of the other kids stared just a little too long at my left arm．The staring worried me in a way it never had before， and I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand， so I impulsively （冲动地） slipped it into my pocket．For the next two decades， I kept my limb difference hidden at all times．From then on， I realized that my missing hand made me hideous and that if people knew about it they would be scared of me and they don’t want to be around me anymore．Honestly， I was terrified that if I exposed my limb difference that people would find me as ugly as I found myself， I felt lonely and scared all the time． 　　When I was 38 years old， tired of hiding and so lonely， I met someone who convinced me to stop hiding my limb difference．For the first time in my life， I allowed someone to really hold my limb， look at it， take pictures of it， touch it， love it — love me．From that point on， I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me， something that should be shown， not hidden． 　　Unhiding my hand made everything in my life better．It was a transformational experience， and through that process， I learned to love myself．This ability to love myself changed how I lived my entire life， and it made me happier． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生缺少左手，从坦然生活到刻意隐藏，最终接纳自身不同并学会爱自己的成长历程。 1.Why was the author taken to another room shortly after birth？（　　） A．The doctors had something to inform the parents． B．The author needed special medical treatment． C．The parents wanted to see their newborn child． D．The author was born prematurely． 解析：A　细节理解题。 根据第一段中的Within minutes of coming out ．．．missing my left hand．可知，作者刚出生不久就被带去另一个房间是因为医生需要向其父母告知其天生残疾的情况。 2.What does the author’s memory of tying shoes with one hand suggest？（　　） A．The author relied heavily on others． B．The author has a strong ability to adapt． C．The author’s father was not helpful． D．There are challenges in the author’s daily life． 解析：B　推理判断题。 根据第二段中的As kids do， I quickly learned to adapt以及下文作者的最早记忆可知，作者能通过摸索找到单手系鞋带的方法，这体现了他很强的适应能力。 3.What can be inferred about the author’s emotional state in high school？（　　） A．Fearful of judgment and self－doubting． B．Motivated and optimistic． C．Self－conscious and confident． D．Envious and insecure． 解析：A　推理判断题。 根据第三段中的From then on ．．．scared all the time．可推知，作者在高中时期深陷自我怀疑，并且非常害怕受到他人的评判。 4.What is the main message the author wants to convey？（　　） A．Actions speak louder than words． B．Better late than never． C．Practice makes perfect． D．Be yourself， everyone else is taken． 解析：D　推理判断题。 根据最后一段可推知，作者通过接纳真实的自我获得了幸福，这与“做你自己”的主旨相契合。 B 　　（2026•江苏苏州期中）Are you sleeping restlessly， forgetting little things， and feeling depressed and lonely？ Don’t worry．We’ve all been there．You’re probably just stressed out． 　　Stress isn’t always a bad thing．It can be handy for a burst of extra energy and focus， like when you’re playing a competitive sport， or have to speak in public． 　　But when it’s continuous， the kind of situation most of us face daily， it actually begins to change your brain．Chronic （长期的） stress， like being overworked or having arguments at home frequently， can affect brain size， its structure， and how it functions， right down to the level of your genes． 　　A level of cortisol （皮质醇） rise， electric signals in your hippocampus （海马体）， the part of the brain associated with learning， memories， and stress control， decline．When the hippocampus weakens， so does your ability to control your stress． 　　That’s not all， though．Cortisol can literally cause your brain to get smaller in size．Too much of it results in the shrinking of the part of your brain that regulates behaviors like concentration， decision－making， judgment， and social interaction． 　　It also leads to fewer new brain cells being made in the hippocampus．This means chronic stress might make it harder for you to learn and remember things and also set the stage for more serious mental problems， like depression and eventually Alzheimer’s disease． 　　It’s not all bad news， though．There are many ways to change what cortisol does to your stressed brain．The most powerful weapons are exercise and getting into deep thoughts， which involves breathing deeply and being aware and focused on your surroundings．Both of these activities decrease your stress and increase the size of the hippocampus， and therefore your memory improves． 　　So don’t feel defeated by the pressures of daily lives．Get control of your stress before it takes control of you． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了压力并不总是坏事，但长期压力会改变大脑，影响其功能，同时介绍了缓解压力的方法。 5.On which occasion can stress be a good thing？（　　） A．When making decisions． B．When delivering a speech． C．When being in deep thought． D．When forgetting little things． 解析：B　细节理解题。 根据第二段可知，在公共场合演讲时，压力可以转化为专注力，从而产生积极影响。 6.What may influence your genes’ level according to the text？（　　） A．Having chronic stress． B．Playing competitive sports． C．Working overtime last Friday． D．Having a fight with your brother． 解析：A　细节理解题。 根据第三段中的Chronic （长期的） stress， like being overworked ．．．the level of your genes．可知，长期压力对大脑的影响会深入到基因层面。 7.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 6？（　　） A．Relevant behavior． B．Too much cortisol． C．Social interaction． D．The smaller brain in size． 解析：B　代词指代题。 根据第五段中的Too much of it ．．．interaction．以及画线词所在句可知，这里的 It 承接上文，指代导致大脑萎缩及影响脑细胞生成的因素，即过多的皮质醇。 8.Which of the following can be a good way to relieve stress？（　　） A．Sleeping a lot． B．Doing sports regularly． C．Changing the cortisol． D．Having social interaction． 解析：B　细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中的The most powerful weapons ．．．deep thoughts可知，定期锻炼是缓解压力、保护大脑功能的有效方法。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•山东潍坊期中） Sometimes in our lives， we face this problem： both loved ones and strangers can annoy us．At home， we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time． 9.　　 　　Kindness seems like a distant memory．The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever． 10.　　 If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice， it will come more easily over time． 　　11.　　 Loving－Kindness Meditation （LKM）， which traces its roots back to early Buddhism， helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times．This meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving－kindness to our loved ones， then to acquaintances （people you don’t know very well）， and finally to difficult people．Over time， our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open， accepting ones．Anger is replaced with love， or at least kindness． 　　Donald Altman， a psychotherapist from Portland， Oregon， says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt． 12.　　 　　So how do we practice it？ To begin with， Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit．He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words： “May you be well， happy， and at peace．” After a few minutes， direct the words at yourself： “May I be well， happy， and at peace．” 13.　　 Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach， then a family member or friend， then an acquaintance， and finally an unfriendly person in your life．End the meditation by spreading the blessings to all living beings． 　　Indeed， we should find our own way to practice LKM — but only if we are prepared to embrace its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them． A．The good news is that it isn’t lost． B．Luckily， we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance． C．Then， extend the blessing to other people， in order of decreasing fondness． D．At work， we have had to take the pressure these demanding crate． E．For that reason， we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing． F．You can combine the words with breathing， repeating a phrase of love for yourself． G．Outside， we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对他人烦扰的方法，提出将善意当作技能培养，借助慈心禅修练习关爱与包容，化解负面情绪。 9.G　空前提到在生活中亲人和陌生人都可能让人心烦，并列举了孩子大喊大叫、家人占用电脑等家庭内部的烦扰场景。G项（在外面，我们会遇到司机在繁忙道路上超速行驶，还有乘客在地铁上大声喧哗）补充了外界陌生人带来的烦扰，符合语境。G项中的Outside与上文的At home形成空间上的对应。 10.A　空前提到善意仿佛成了遥远的回忆，与邻居和平共处似乎变得更难，空后建议把善意当作一种技能进行日常练习。A项（好消息是，它并没有消失）起到了承上启下的作用，说明善意仍可找回，符合逻辑。A项中的it指代上文的Kindness。 11.B　空后详细介绍了起源于早期佛教的“慈心禅修（LKM）”，说明该方法能帮助人们在艰难时刻心怀慈悲。B项（幸运的是，我们可以从古老的修行方法中寻求指引）引出了下文的具体介绍。B项中的ancient disciplines对应下文提到的起源于佛教的禅修方法。 12.E　空前提到心理治疗师认为慈心禅修能帮我们意识到每个人都是脆弱且受过伤害的。E项（正因如此，我们都能从爱的温暖慰藉与祝福中获益）点明了在此基础上人们能从善意中获益，衔接自然。E项中的For that reason指代上文提到的共性。 13.C　空前描述了将祝福送给自己和喜爱的人，空后说明要按照老师、熟人、不友善的人这种顺序替换称呼。C项（然后，按照好感度从高到低的顺序，把这份祝福延伸到其他人身上）起到了关键的过渡作用，C项中的extend the blessing呼应了前后的祝福动作，而in order of decreasing fondness则概括了下文的具体替换顺序。 Ⅲ．应用文写作 　　《鲁滨孙漂流记》是英国作家丹尼尔•笛福（Daniel Defoe）写的一部著名小说。请你根据下列要点写一篇简短的书评。 　　（1）该书出版于1719年，它是最流行的历险小说之一； 　　（2）简述小说的主要故事情节； 　　（3）该书一部分是根据18世纪苏格兰水手Alexander Selkirk的事迹写的； 　　（4）小说描写细致，引人入胜。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 参考词汇：自给自足的self－sufficient；食人肉的野人cannibal A Book Review of Robinson Crusoe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 参考范文： A Book Review of Robinson Crusoe 　　Robinson Crusoe is one of the most popular adventure novels by the English author Daniel Defoe， published in 1719. It is the story of Robinson Crusoe， an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island． He builds himself a hut， grows his own food， and becomes self－sufficient． After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners， a young native whom he calls Friday． They become close friends， and when they are finally rescued four years later， both return to England． 　　Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk， an 18th－century Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a deserted island． This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in man’s ability when left alone in nature． 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $